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Snake Robots Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2015 to 2021 Torrie The Cat in the Tulips Picture by Susan Eustis WinterGreen Research, Inc. Lexington, Massachusetts www.wintergreenresearch.com

CHECK OUT THESE KEY TOPICS Snake Robots Provide Access to Confined Spaces: Airplane Wings, Surveillance, Cameras, Grippers, Surgical Sites Robot Snakes Modsnake Robots Snake Robots Snake Robots Locomote Next Generation Snake Robotics Snake-Arm Jointed Robot Robot Snakes Climb Pipes Robots for Heart Surgery Minimally Invasive Surgery Endoscopic Surgical System Inaccessible Spaces Robotic Snake-Arm Climbing Robot Climbing Snake Robot Firefighting Snakebot Confined Spaces Snake Shapes Terrain Robot Industrial Arm Robots Surgical Minimally Invasive Devices Snake Arm Actuator Pack Robotics Confined Space Piece Manipulation Robotics PipeSnake Snake Robots Revolutionize Aerospace, Nuclear, and Confined Space Access Snake Robots: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2015-2021 LEXINGTON, Massachusetts (October 11, 2015) WinterGreen Research announces that it has published a new study Snake Robots: Market Shares, Strategy, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2015 to 2021. The 2015 study has 465 pages, 206 tables and figures. Worldwide snake robot markets are poised to achieve significant growth as the next generation units provide an access and movement mechanism that is unique and useful in a variety of industries. Target markets are for confined spaces. Confined spaces exist. A confined space exists because of a lack of ability to take apart or dismantle components. Confined spaces exist in nuclear reactors where radiation is dangerous for human, aircraft inside the wings and other small spaces that need to remain intact, the human body which likewise cannot be dismantled easily, industrial processing plants that have containers, underwater environments, ship-building, and space. Buildings, roads, pipelines and other man-made spaces all have confined spaces. The world is full of awkward confined spaces. Snake-arm robots are self-contained portable devices and extensions to existing systems. These products build on software and hardware technology.

Snake robots used for small space access, inside airplane wing access, first responder tasks, and surgery: They are used for going where nothing else can go. Snake robots provide systems that significantly improve traditional open surgery by consolidating the number of minimally invasive access ports to one and eliminating open surgery. The automated process revolution has come to robotics, used in surgery, industry, ships, airplanes, first responder help, and communications. Automated process is being implemented via robots. Robots are automating systems, providing significant improvement in the accuracy of surgery and penetration of spaces that were previously impenetrable. According to Susan Eustis, lead author of the study, A confined space needs long smooth snake shapes to achieve access. Confined spaces exist by design (aircraft engine), by failure (collapsed building) or naturally (human body). Existing open surgery can be replaced in large part by robotic and minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Minimally invasive surgery MIS, drug therapies, radiation treatment, and emerging interventional surgical approaches complement robotic surgery techniques as a replacement for or complement to open surgery. The snake robots reduces the number of ports needed to gain access and repair the heart. According to Susan Eustis as she continued: The companies that get an early foothold in the market have significant strategic advantage. The robotic snake leverages a new technique for robotic movement that benefits users by providing efficient access to difficult spaces. This factor is driving demand for snake robot systems. Since robotics provide a precise, repeatable and controlled ability to perform procedures in tight spaces, they are increasingly in demand. During a robot assisted surgical procedure, the patient-side cart is positioned next to the operating table with the electromechanical arms arranged to provide access to the initial ports selected by the surgeon. Metal tubes attached to the arms are inserted through the ports, and the cutting and visualization instruments are introduced through the tubes into the patient s body. The surgeon performs the procedure while sitting at a console, manipulating the instrument controls and viewing the operation through a vision system. When a surgeon needs to change an instrument the instrument is withdrawn from the surgical field using the controls at the console. This is done many times during an operation. The aging US population has supported demand for robotic surgical instruments, since the occurrence of health issues that require medical devices is higher in the elderly population. Buoyed by strong demand and sales, industry profit margins have increased. Snake robot device markets at $33.6 million in 2012 are anticipated to reach $2.3 billion by 2019 as next devices, systems, and instruments are introduced to manage access to difficult spaces through small ports when large openings are unavailable or inconvenient. WinterGreen Research is an independent research organization funded by the sale of market research studies all over the world and by the implementation of ROI models that are used to calculate the total cost of ownership of equipment, services, and software. The company has 35 distributors worldwide, including Global Information Info Shop, Market Research.com, Research and Markets, electronics.ca, and Thompson Financial.

WinterGreen Research provides strategic market research studies for healthcare, software computer hardware, energy, renewable energy, robots, and nanotechnology. By providing market share and market forecasts metrics the company is able to measure the impact of innovation. WinterGreen Research has a focus on understanding change and market opportunity. Customers use the market research to expand existing markets or develop major new markets. WinterGreen Research provides trusted research and technical services based on automated process that provide vital support for solutions requiring trust and integrity around predictive insight based on descriptive analytics. Visit www.wintergreen Research.com. Keywords: Robot Snakes, Modsnake Robot, Snake Robots, Snake Robots Locomote, Next Generation Snake Robotics, Snake-Arm, Jointed Robot, Robot Snakes, Climb Pipes, Robots for Heart Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgery, Endoscopic Surgical System, Inaccessible Spaces, Snake-Arm, Robotic Snake-Arm, Climbing Robot, Climbing Snake Robot, Firefighting Snakebot, Confined Spaces, Snake Shapes, Terrain Robot, Industrial Arm Robots, Surgical Minimally Invasive Devices, Snake Arm Actuator Pack, Robotics Confined Space Piece Manipulation, Robotics PipeSnake, wintergreenresearch.com, http://wintergreenresearch.com/reports/snakerobots.htm Companies Profiled Market Leaders OC Robotics HiBot Medrobotics Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Sarco University and Company Market Participants Applied Robotics Technologies, LLC Fanuc Kawasaki Robotics Kuka Mitsubishi Sintef Tesla Tokyo Institute of Technology Research Laboratories Unifire University of Michigan Mobile Robotics Lab Omnitread Yaskawa Selected List of Robots, University and Research Snake Robots

Snake Robot: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2015 to 2021 Report Methodology This is the 648th report in a series of primary market research reports that provide forecasts in communications, telecommunications, the Internet, computer, software, telephone equipment, health equipment, and energy. Automated process and significant growth potential are a priorities in topic selection. The project leaders take direct responsibility for writing and preparing each report. They have significant experience preparing industry studies. Forecasts are based on primary research and proprietary data bases. The primary research is conducted by talking to customers, distributors and companies. The survey data is not enough to make accurate assessment of market size, so WinterGreen Research looks at the value of shipments and the average price to achieve market assessments. Our track record in achieving accuracy is unsurpassed in the industry. We are known for being able to develop accurate market shares and projections. This is our specialty. The analyst process is concentrated on getting good market numbers. This process involves looking at the markets from several different perspectives, including vendor shipments. The interview process is an essential aspect as well. We do have a lot of granular analysis of the different shipments by vendor in the study and addenda prepared after the study was published if that is appropriate. Forecasts reflect analysis of the market trends in the segment and related segments. Unit and dollar shipments are analyzed through consideration of dollar volume of each market participant in the segment. Installed base analysis and unit analysis is based on interviews and an information search. Market share analysis includes conversations with key customers of products, industry segment leaders, marketing directors, distributors, leading market participants, opinion leaders, and companies seeking to develop measurable market share. Over 200 in depth interviews are conducted for each report with a broad range of key participants and industry leaders in the market segment. We establish accurate market forecasts based on economic and market conditions as a base. Use input/output ratios, flow charts, and other economic methods to quantify data. Use in-house analysts who meet stringent quality standards.

Interviewing key industry participants, experts and end-users is a central part of the study. Our research includes access to large proprietary databases. Literature search includes analysis of trade publications, government reports, and corporate literature. Findings and conclusions of this report are based on information gathered from industry sources, including manufacturers, distributors, partners, opinion leaders, and users. Interview data was combined with information gathered through an extensive review of internet and printed sources such as trade publications, trade associations, company literature, and online databases. The projections contained in this report are checked from top down and bottom up analysis to be sure there is congruence from that perspective. The base year for analysis and projection is 2010. With 2010 and several years prior to that as a baseline, market projections were developed for 2013 through 2019. These projections are based on a combination of a consensus among the opinion leader contacts interviewed combined with understanding of the key market drivers and their impact from a historical and analytical perspective. The analytical methodologies used to generate the market estimates are based on penetration analyses, similar market analyses, and delta calculations to supplement independent and dependent variable analysis. All analyses are displaying selected descriptions of products and services. This research includes referencde to an ROI model that is part of a series that provides IT systems financial planners access to information that supports analysis of all the numbers that impact management of a product launch or large and complex data center. The methodology used in the models relates to having a sophisticated analytical technique for understanding the impact of workload on processor consumption and cost. WinterGreen Research has looked at the metrics and independent research to develop assumptions that reflect the actual anticipated usage and cost of systems. Comparative analyses reflect the input of these values into models. The variables and assumptions provided in the market research study and the ROI models are based on extensive experience in providing research to large enterprise organizations and data centers. The ROI models have lists of servers from different manufacturers, Systems z models from IBM, and labor costs by category around the world. This information has been developed from WinterGreen research proprietary data bases constructed as a result of preparing market research studies that address the software, energy, healthcare, telecommunicatons, and hardware businesses. YOU MUST HAVE THIS STUDY

Snake Robots: Market Shares, Strategies, and Forecasts, Worldwide, 2015-2021 Snake Robots Executive Summary Table of Contents The study is designed to give a comprehensive overview of the Snake Robots equipment market segment. Research represents a selection from the mountains of data available of the most relevant and cogent market materials, with selections made by the most senior analysts. Commentary on every aspect of the market from independent analysts creates an independent perspective in the evaluation of the market. In this manner the study presents a comprehensive overview of what is going on in this market, assisting managers with designing market strategies likely to succeed. Snake Robot Market Driving Forces 38 Snake Robots Market Shares 49 Snake Robot Market Forecasts 51 1. SNAKE ROBOTS MARKET DESCRIPTION AND MARKET DYNAMICS 53 1.1 Snake Robots Automate Process 53 1.2 Modsnake Robots 54 1.2.1 Modsnake Robots Support Human Workers 55 1.3 Snakelike Robots Slither over Rough Landscape 56 1.4 Snake Robots Locomote 56 1.5 Serpentine Robot Applications 57 1.5.1 Seizing the Robotics Opportunity 58 1.5.2 Modular Self-Reconfiguring Robotic Systems 59 1.6 Mobile Robotics 59 1.7 Next Generation Snake Robotics 61 2. SNAKE ROBOTS MARKET SHARES AND MARKET FORECASTS 62 2.1 Snake Robot Market Driving Forces 62 2.2 Snake Robots Market Shares 73 2.2.1 HiBot / Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM 76 2.2.2 OC Robotics Snake-Arm for Aircraft Assembly 78 2.2.3 Sarcos Snake Robot Magnetic Track 79 2.2.4 Sarcos Robot Inspection Of Ship Ballast Tanks 80 2.2.5 Medrobotics Minimally Invasive Equipment Surgical Robots 80 2.2.6 Medrobotics Positioning 81 2.2.7 Medrobotics highly articulated robotic probes 81 2.2.8 SINTEF Robot Snakes Climb Pipes 84 2.3 Snake Robot Market Forecasts 84 2.3.1 Industrial, Medical, and Military Snake Robot Market Segment Forecasts 90 2.3.2 Nuclear, Oil & Gas Snake Robots Markets 95 2.3.3 Construction and Mining Snake Robots Market 99 2.3.1 Surgery Snake Robots Market Forecasts 102 2.3.2 Medical Surgical Snake Robot Market Forecasts 104 2.3.3 Military Snake Robot Market Forecasts 105 2.3.4 Aerospace Snake Robot Market Forecasts 107 2.3.5 Confined Space and High Wire Snake Robot Market Forecasts 113 2.4 Snake Robot Prices 116 2.4.1 Inaccessible Spaces - OC Robotics 116

2.4.2 Medrobotics 116 2.5 Snake Robots Regional Market Analysis 118 3. SNAKE ROBOT PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 121 3.1 OC Robotics 121 3.1.1 OC Robotics Addresses Confined Space Problem 121 3.1.2 OC Robotics LaserSnake for Decommissioning Complex Structures In Hazardous, Confined Nuclear Environments 124 3.1.3 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots For Aircraft Assembly 126 3.1.4 OCRobotics Snake Robot Aerospace Applications 128 3.1.5 OCRobotics Snake-Arm Tools 129 3.1.6 OCRobotics Aerospace Applications 131 3.1.7 OC Robotics Snake-Arms For Security 134 3.1.8 OC Robotics Snake-Arms for Construction 135 3.1.9 OC Robotics Snake-Arms for Industrial Application 136 3.1.10 OC Robotics The Explorer Range 137 3.1.11 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Control 142 3.1.12 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Simulator 143 3.1.13 OC Robotics Snake-Arm for Aircraft Assembly 143 3.1.14 OC Robotics Extender Snake Range Of Motion Robots Reach The Unreachable 144 3.1.15 OC Robotics Snake-Arm 148 3.1.16 OC Robotics 149 3.1.17 OC Energy & Environment Robotics 150 3.2 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot 152 3.2.1 Sarcos Snake Robot Magnetic Track 157 3.2.2 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Climbing Ferromagnetic Surface Pole 158 3.2.3 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Camera Applications 161 3.2.4 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Ship Systems Inspection Applications 163 3.2.5 Sarcos Robot Inspection Of Ship Ballast Tanks 163 3.2.6 Sarcos Robotic Arm For Inspecting On Board Water Tanks 164 3.2.7 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Traverse Capabilities 168 3.3 Medrobotics Technology 169 3.3.1 Medrobotics Flex Retractor 171 3.3.2 Medrobotics Flexible Robot Platform 172 3.3.3 Medrobotics Snakelike Robots for Oropharynx, Hypopharynx and Larynx Surgery 173 3.4 University of Michigan All-Terrain Robotics: 176 3.4.1 University of Michigan Mobile Robotics Lab Omnitread 180 3.4.2 OmniTread Robot Snakes 182 3.5 Applied Robotics Technologies, LLC 184 3.5.1 The FLEXnav Proprioceptive Position Estimation (PPE) System 184 3.5.2 Applied Robotics Technologies Pricing 185 3.5.3 Heuristic Drift Reduction for Gyros in Vehicle Tracking Applications 186 3.5.4 Applied Robotics Technologies Key Benefits 189 3.5.5 Applied Robotics Technologies Pricing 189 3.6 NASA Robotic Snakes 189 3.7 Canadian Robotics Ltd. 190 3.8 Japan Guru World-Class Snake Robotics 190 3.9 Hibot Thesbot 191 3.9.1 Hibot Pipetron 192 3.9.2 HiBot Expliner 192 3.9.3 HiBot ACM-R4H 194 3.9.4 HiBot ACM-R5 194 3.9.5 Hibot ACM-R5 Amphibious Robosnake 196 3.9.6 HiBot Japanese Snake Robot 197 3.9.7 Maintaining High Voltage Transmission Lines Using Robotics 199 3.9.8 Hydro-Quebec Research Institute (IREQ)LineScout tele-operated obstacle crossing system 199 3.9.9 HiBot Expliner 200 3.9.10 America s Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) Autonomous Version 200 3.10 Tesla Unveils Snakelike Robot Charger for Electric Cars 201

3.11 Unifire Robotic Nozzles 202 3.11.1 Unifire Advanced, Fully Automatic Robotic Nozzle System 208 3.12 University of Southampton. 210 3.13 CCTV Inspection 210 4. SNAKE ROBOT TECHNOLOGY 212 4.1 Actuated Joints In A Tight Volume 212 4.2 OC Robotics 213 4.2.1 OC Robotics Develops Snake-Arm Robots For Confined Spaces 214 4.2.2 OC Robotics Snake Arm Actuator Pack 216 4.2.3 OC Robotics Snake Arm 217 4.2.4 OC Robotics Tool 217 4.2.5 OC Robotics Confined Space Piece Manipulation 218 4.2.6 OC Robotics Confined Space Reach 219 4.3 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robot Basics 221 4.3.1 OC Robotics Snake Robot Curvature 225 4.3.2 OC Robotics Protective Skins 227 4.3.3 OC Robotics Manages Hazardous Environments 228 4.3.4 OC Robotics Software - SoftSnake 229 4.3.5 OC Robotics PipeSnake 230 4.3.6 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots Aircraft Assembly 234 4.4 CISST ERC Snake Robot 239 4.5 Bio-Robotics Lab 240 4.6 Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute 243 4.7 Sintef 244 4.7.1 Sintef Aiko Snake Robot With Electric Motors 246 4.8 NTNU and SINTEF in Norway World-Class Snake Robotics 248 4.8.1 Sintef Anna Konda 248 4.8.2 Anna Konda Firefighting Snakebot 254 4.8.3 Sintef Aiko 257 4.8.4 Sintef Pneumosnake 258 4.8.5 Sintef PiKo 259 4.8.6 Sintef Climbing Robot 262 4.8.7 Sintef Robot Learning 264 4.8.8 Department of Engineering Cybernetics at NTNU Pneumosnake Snake Robot With Pneumatic Bellows 265 4.9 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Land and Amphibious Robot Snake 268 4.9.1 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM-R5 Control System 269 4.9.2 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Slim Slime Robot 270 4.9.3 Hirose Fukushima Lab Pneumatically-Driven Slime Robot 272 4.9.4 Hirose-Fukushima Lab at Tokyo Institute of Technology Amphibious Snake Robot - ACM-R5 281 4.10 DrGavin S7 Snake Robot Rectilinear Locomotion 282 4.10.1 Nottingham Trent University 286 4.11 Israeli Army Deploys Robot Snakes 287 4.11.1 Israeli Military Develops Robot Snake Bomb Hirose Fukushima Lab 289 4.12 Merlin Robotics, Nottingham Trent University Robot Snake Dance 292 4.13 Snake Bot at Carnegie Mellon 293 4.13.1 Carnegie Mellon Conforming Loop 295 4.14 CardioArm Biomedicine Snakelike Robots for Heart Surgery 298

299 4.14.1 Snake Robot Helps Wounded Soldiers 301 4.15 Hughes Aircraft R7 Early Robotic Snake 303 4.16 British 'Serpentine Spy' 304 4.17 IDF Spy Robot Snake 305 4.18 ASA Snake-bot VS InnoSTAR 306 4.19 Applied Robotics Technologies, LLC 307 5. SNAKE ROBOTS COMPANY PROFILES 310 5.1 Applied Robotics Technologies, LLC 310 5.2 Fanuc 310 5.2.1 FANUC Corporation 320 5.2.2 Fanuc Revenue 322 5.2.3 Fanuc Joint Venture With General Electric in the FA field 324 5.3 HiBot 325 5.3.1 HiBot Inspects High-Voltage Transmission Lines 325 5.3.2 HiBot Snake Robot 325 5.4 Kawasaki Robotics 326 5.5 Kuka 328 5.5.1 KUKA Dominant Customer Segment, Automotive Industry 329 5.5.2 Kuka Revenue 331 5.5.3 Kuka Competition 334 5.5.4 Kuka Innovative Technology 336 5.5.5 Kuka Well Positioned With A Broad Product Portfolio In Markets With Attractive Growth Prospects337 5.5.6 Kuka Strategy 337 5.5.7 Kuka Corporate Policy 339 5.5.8 Kuka Customers 345 5.5.9 KUKA Acquires 51% of Reis Robotics 347 5.5.10 Kuka Positioning in Robotics and Systems 348 5.6 Medrobotics 351 5.6.1 Medrobotics Closes On $10 Million Financing 353 5.6.2 Medrobotics Several Generations Of Snake Robot Platforms 354 5.6.3 Medrobotics Advances Clinical Development of Snake Robot for Surgery 354 5.6.4 Medrobotics Positioning 355 5.6.5 Medrobotics Cardiac Surgery Gold Standard 355 5.6.6 Medrobotics Snake Robot Technologies For Use In A Wide Range Of Surgical And Interventional Applications 357 5.6.7 Medrobotics Technology & Research Center 359 5.7 Mitsubishi 360 5.7.1 Mitsubishi Electric Corp. 361 5.8 OC Robotics 363

5.8.1 OC Robotics Technology & Innovation 364 5.8.2 OC Robotics Robots Extend Reach Of Manual Process 366 5.8.3 OC Robotics A CANDU Snake-Arm Robot 367 5.8.4 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots 368 5.9 Sarcos Corp 370 5.9.1 Sarcos Dexterous, Tele-Operated Robotic Systems 371 5.9.2 Sarcos Snake Robot Unmanned Ground Vehicle 372 5.9.3 Sarcos Robots Inspection of Ballast Tanks on Ships 374 5.9.4 Sarcos Guardian S Robotic Systems Replace Current Dangerous And Expensive Inspections 375 5.10 Sintef 376 5.11 Tesla 377 5.12 Tokyo Institute of Technology Research Laboratories 380 5.12.1 Tokyo Institute of Technology / Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM 382 5.12.2 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Hibot 382 5.13 Unifire 383 5.14 University of Michigan Mobile Robotics Lab Omnitread 385 5.15 Yaskawa 388 5.15.1 Yaskawa Revenue 389 5.15.2 Yaskawa Business 391 5.15.3 YASKAWA Electric Motion Control 392 5.15.4 YASKAWA Electric Robotics 393 5.15.5 YASKAWA Electric System Engineering 393 5.15.6 YASKAWA Electric Information Technology 393 5.15.7 Yaskawa / Motoman 393 5.15.8 Yaskawa Motoman 394 5.16 Selected Robot Companies 395 5.16.1 Selected Robot Companies 422 5.17 Selected List of University and Research Snake Robots 452 Table ES-1 39 Snake Robot Market Driving Forces 39 Table ES-2 40 Confined Spaces That Need Snake Shapes To Achieve Access 40 Figure ES-3 40 Snake-Arm Robot Controls 40 Figure ES-4 46 Nose Following Snake Robots 46 Figure ES-5 46 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Simulator 46 Table ES-6 48 Confined Spaces 48 Figure ES-7 50 Snake Robots Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2014 50 Figure ES-8 52 Snake Robot Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 52 Figure 1-1 54 Mod Snake Robots Snake Robots Are Different. 54 Table 1-2 58 Serpentine Robot Applications 58 Table 2-1 62 Snake Robot Market Driving Forces 62 Table 2-2 63 Confined Spaces That Need Snake Shapes To Achieve Access 63

Figure 2-3 64 Snake-Arm Robot Controls 64 Figure 2-4 70 Nose Following Snake Robots 70 Figure 2-5 70 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Simulator 70 Table 2-6 72 Confined Spaces 72 Figure 2-7 74 Snake Robots Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2014 74 Figure 2-8 75 Snake Robots Market Shares, Dollars, Worldwide, 2014 75 Figure 2-9 76 HiBot Inspection of High-Voltage Power Lines 76 Figure 2-10 77 HiBot Balances on High-Voltage Power Lines 77 Figure 2-11 83 Medrobotics Snake Robot for Surgery 83 Figure 2-12 85 Snake Robot Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 85 Table 2-13 86 Snake Robot Markets, Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 86 Figure 2-14 87 HiBot 87 Figure 2-15 88 Snake Robots Total Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 88 2015-2021 88 Table 2-16 89 Snake Robot Market Shipments, Units, Worldwide, 2015-2021 89 Figure 2-17 91 Industrial Snake Robot Total Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 91 Figure 2-18 92 Snake Robots Market Industry Segments, Energy, Construction, Mining, Aerospace, Confined Space and High Wire, Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 92 Figure 2-19 93 Snake Robots Market Segments, Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 93 Figure 2-20 94 Snake Robots Market Segments, Percent, Worldwide, 2015-2021 94 Figure 2-21 95 Nuclear, Oil & Gas Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 95 Figure 2-22 97 Nuclear and Oil & Gas Snake Robot Total Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 97 Figure 2-23 99 Construction and Mining Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 2015-2021 99 Figure 2-24 100 Construction and Mining Snake Robot Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 100 Figure 2-25 103 Surgery Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 2015-2021 103 Figure 2-26 104 Medical Surgical Snake Robot Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 104 Figure 2-27 105 Military Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 2015-2021 105 Figure 2-28 106

Military Snake Robot Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 106 Figure 2-29 107 Aerospace Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 107 Figure 2-30 109 Aerospace Snake Robot Total Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 109 Table 2-31 111 Aerospace Snake Robot Functions 111 Table 2-32 112 Snake Robots Adopt Capabilities Of Industrial Robots 112 Figure 2-33 113 Confined Space / High Wire Snake Robots Market Forecasts, Units, Worldwide, 2015-2021 113 Figure 2-34 114 Confined Space and High Wire Snake Robot Market Forecasts Dollars, Worldwide, 2015-2021 114 Figure 2-35 118 Snake Robots Regional Market Segments, Dollars, 2014 118 Table 2-36 119 Snake Robots Regional Market Segments, 2014 119 Table 3-1 122 Snake-Arm Robot Solution Profile 122 Table 3-2 123 OC Robotics Confined Space Target Markets 123 Figure 3-3 124 OC Robotics LaserSnake 124 Figure 3-4 126 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots For Aircraft Assembly 126 Table 3-5 130 OCRobotics Snake-Arm Tools Features 130 Table 3-6 131 OCRobotics Interchangeable End Effectors 131 Table 3-7 132 OCRobotics Snake Arm Aerospace Applications 132 Table 3-8 133 OCRobotics Snake Arm Aerospace Tasks That Could Be Considered For Aircraft Manufacture 133 Figure 3-9 134 OC Robotics Snake-arms for security 134 Figure 3-10 135 OC Robotics Snake-Arms for Construction 135 Figure 3-11 136

OC Robotics Snake-arms for Industrial Application Figure 3-12 137 OC Robotics Explorer Range 137 Figure 3-13 138 OC Robotics Explorer Range User Interface 138 Figure 3-14 139 OC Robotics Explorer Range Actuator Pack 139 Figure 3-15 140 OC Robotics Explorer Range Snake Arm 140 Figure 3-16 141 OC Robotics Explorer Arm Extensions 141 Figure 3-17 145 OC Robotics Extender Snake Range Of Motion 145 Figure 3-18 146 OC Robotics Extender Models and Payloads 146 Figure 3-18 (Continued) 147 OC Robotics Extender Models and Payloads 147 Figure 3-19 148 OC Robotics Arms in Confined Spaces 148 Figure 3-20 152 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Container Maneuvering 152 Table 3-21 154 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Target Markets 154 Figure 3-22 155 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Exoskeleton 155 Figure 3-23 155 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot 156 Table 3-24 157 136

Snake Robot Magnetic Track Functions 157 Table 3-25 157 Snake Magnetic Robot Structures Tracked 157 Figure 3-26 158 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Climbing Ferromagnetic Surface Pole 158 Table 3-27 159 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Intelligence Applications 159 Table 3-28 160 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Military Applications 160 Table 3-29 161 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Camera Applications 161 Table 3-30 162 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Counter-Mine Warfare Applications 162 Table 3-31 163 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Ship Systems Inspection Applications 163 Figure 3-32 164 Sarcos Robot Inspection Of Ship Ballast Tanks On Board 164 Figure 3-33 166 Sarcos Ballast Water Tanks Inspections 166 Figure 3-34 168 Sarcos Guardian S Snake Robot Traverse Capabilities 168 Figure 3-35 171 Medrobotics Flex Retractor 171 Figure 3-36 174 Medrobotics Snakelike Robot Tested for Heart Surgery 174 Table 3-37 175 Medrobotics Medical Field Target Markets 175 Table 3-38 176 University of Michigan Omnitread Innovations: 176 Figure 3-39 177 University of Michigan Omnitread 177 Table 3-40 178 University of Michigan Mobile Omnitread Robotic Motion Capabilities 178 Table 3-41 181 University of Michigan Mobile Robotics Lab Omnitread Robotic Motion Capabilities 181 Figure 3-42 182 Omnitread robot snakes 182 Figure 3-43 184 FLEXnav PPE System 184 Table 3-44 186 FLEXnav PPE System Features 186 Figure 3-45 188 Applied Robotics Technologies Typical Experimental Results: Position Errors After 120-160 M Travel On Moderately Rugged Terrain 188 Figure 3-46 191 HiBot Thesbot 191 Figure 3-47 192 HiBot 192 Figure 3-48 193 HiBot Expliner 193 Figure 3-49 194 HiBot ACM-R4H 194 Figure 3-50 195

HiBot ACM-R5 195 Figure 3-51 196 Hibot ACM-R5 Amphibious Robosnake 196 Figure 3-52 197 Hibot ACM-R5 Amphibious Robosnake 197 Figure 3-53 201 Tesla Snake Robot Car Charger 201 Table 3-54 202 Unifire Robotic Nozzles 202 Figure 3-55 203 Unifire Nozzles Articulated Robots 203 Table 3-56 204 Robotic Nozzles Benefits 204 Table 3-57 206 Robotic Nozzles Applications 206 Figure 3-58 207 Unifire Robotic Nozzles 207 Figure 3-59 209 Unifire Networked Robotic Nozzle System 209 Figure 4-1 213 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots Remote Car Inspection 213 Figure 4-2 215 Robotics Develops Snake-Arm Robots For Confined Spaces 215 Figure 4-3 216 OC Robotics Actuator Pack 216 Figure 4-4 217 OC Robotics Snake Arm 217 Figure 4-5 218 OC Robotics Snake Robot Tool 218 Table 4-6 219 OC Robotics Able To Snake Into Cluttered Environments 219 Figure 4-7 220 OC Robotics Extend Robot Arms With Elbows 220 Figure 4-8 221 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robot Basics 221 Figure 4-9 226 OC Robotics Snake Curvatures 226 Figure 4-10 227 OC Robotics Protective Skins 227 Figure 4-11 228 OC Robotics Arm Materials Allow For Radiation, Heat, Vacuum, Magnetic Fields, And Operations In Explosive Atmospheres 228 Figure 4-12 230 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots Extend Reach Of The Human 230 Figure 4-13 232 OC Robotics PipeSnake 232 Figure 4-14 233 OC Robotics Snake Robot Angle of Curvature 233 Figure 4-15 236 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robots Aircraft 236 Figure 4-16 237 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robot Extender 237 Figure 4-17 238

OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robot Made Up Of A Large Number Of Segments 238 Figure 4-18 239 CISST ERC Snake Robot 239 Figure 4-19 240 Bio-Robotics Lab Snake Robots that Climb 240 Figure 4-20 241 Bio-Robotics Lab Snake Robot Climbing 241 Figure 4-21 243 Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute Door Opening Robot 243 Figure 4-22 244 Sintef Snake Robot Designed To Be Used To Put Out Fires 244 Figure 4-23 245 Sintef Anna Konda Robot Equipped With Nozzles 245 Figure 4-24 246 Sintef Aiko Snake Robot With Electric Motors 246 Figure 2-25 247 Sintef s Snake Robot 247 Figure 4-26 249 Sintef Anna Konda 249 Table 4-27 250 Anna KondaTechnical data 250 Figure 4-28 252 Sintef s Anna Konda Snake Robot 252 Table 4-29 254 Sintef s Anna Konda Firefighting Snakebot 254 Table 4-30 255 SINTEF Firefighting Snakebot Components 255 Figure 4-31 256 Norwegian Company Sintef Anna Konda 256 Table 4-32 257 SINTEF Firefighting Snakebot Target Markets 257 Figure 4-33 257 Sintef Aiko 257 Table 4-34 258 SINTEF / NTNU Aiko Technical data 258 Figure 4-35 259 Sintef Pneumosnake 259 Figure 4-36 262 Sintef PiKo 262 Figure 4-37 263 Sintef PiKo Robot For Vertical Movement 263 Figure 4-38 265 Department of Engineering Cybernetics at NTNU Pneumosnake Snake Robot With Pneumatic Bellows265 Table 4-39 266 Department of Engineering Cybernetics at NTNU Technical data 266 Table 4-40 267 NTNU / SINTEF Next Generation Robotics for Norwegian Industry 267 Figure 4-41 268 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM-R5 - Amphibious Robot Snake 268 Figure 4-42 270 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Slim Slime Robot 270 Table 4-43 271 Slim Slime ACM Robot Features 271

Table 4-44 271 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Slim Slime Robot Applications 271 Figure 4-45 273 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Serpentine Propulsion 273 Figure 4-46 274 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM xslim Slime Robot With a Child 274 Figure 4-47 275 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Slim Slime Robot Module Construction 275 Figure 4-48 276 Tokyo Institute of Technology / Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Snake Like Trackers 276 Figure 4-49 277 Tokyo Institute of Technology / Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Snake Like Creep Motion Of Snake, Pedal Waves Of Snail And Limpet, Lateral Rolling, And Pivot Turn 277 Figure 4-50 278 Hirose Fukushima Lab ACM Robot Snake Modular Construction 278 Figure 4-51 279 Snake Robot Hirose-Fukushima Lab at Tokyo Institute of Technology 279 Figure 4-52 280 Hirose-Fukushima Lab at Tokyo Institute of Technology ACM-R5 280 Figure 4-53 281 Robot Hirose-Fukushima Lab at Tokyo Institute of Technology Amphibious Snake Robot - ACM-R5 281 Table 4-54 282 DrGavin S7 Rectilinear Locomotion Snake Robot 282 Figure 4-55 283 DrGavin S7 Sensor Suite That Includes Detectors 283 Figure 4-56 284 DrGavin S5 Robot Snake Control System Electronics Functional Diagram 284 Figure 4-57 285 DrGavin Robot Snake 285 Figure 4-58 286 Merlin Robotics / Nottingham Trent University Air Robot Snake 286 Figure 4-59 287 Israeli Army Deploys Robot Snakes 287 Figure 4-60 289 Israeli Army Bomb Hirose Fukushima Lab Robot Snakes 289 Figure 4-61 291 Israeli Snake Robot 291 Figure 4-62 292 Merlin Robotics, Nottingham Trent University Robot Snake Dance 292 Figure 4-63 293 Snake Bot at the Carnegie Mellon 293 Figure 4-64 293 Carnegie Mellon Modular Bot 293 Figure 4-65 294 Carnegie Mellon Modular Bot Tricycle Riding 294 Figure 4-66 296 Carnegie Mellon Obstacle Climbing 296 Figure 4-67 296 Carnegie Mellon Fence Climbing 296 Figure 4-68 297 Carnegie Mellon Stair Climbing 297 Figure 4-69 299 CardioArm Biomedicine Snakelike Robots for Heart Surgery 299

Figure 4-70 301 Snake Robot Helps Wounded Soldiers 301 Figure 4-70 303 Hughes Aircraft R7 Early Robotic Snake 303 Figure 4-71 304 British Military Reconnaissance Robot Can Be Dropped From A Helicopter 304 Figure 4-72 305 University of Southampton Anaconda Rubber Snake Generates Power From Waves 305 Figure 4-73 306 InnoSTAR Robotic Kit 306 Figure 4-74 308 Applied Robotics Technologies, LLC Fiber Optic Gyros Function Of Rate Of Rotation And Temperature308 Figure 5-1 313 Fanuc Welding Robot 313 Figure 5-2 315 Fanuc Industrial Robots 315 Figure 5-3 316 Fanuc Global Network 316 Figure 5-4 320 Fanuc s Organization 320 Figure 5-5 323 Fanuc Revenue 323 Figure 5-6 324 Fanuc Revenue 324 Figure 5-7 338 Kuka Vision for Expansion of Robotic Markets 338 Figure 5-8 340 Kuka Customers 340 Figure 5-9 342 Kuka Regional (10) and Segment (7) Focus 342 Figure 5-10 344 Kuka Positioning with Smart Tools 344 Figure 5-11 348 Kuka Positioning in Robotics and Systems 348 Table 5-12 351 Medrobotics Positioning 2015 351 Table 5-13 356 Medrobotics Cardiac Surgery Improvements 356 Table 5-14 358 Medrobotics Snake Robot Technologies For Use In A Wide Range Of Surgical And Interventional Applications 358 Table 5-15 359 Medrobotics Snake Robot Technologies Specialist Areas Served 359 Table 5-16 362 Mitsubishi Electric FA Core Competencies 362 Figure 5-17 365 OC Robotics 365 Figure 5-18 367 OC Robotics Conducts Inspections Within CANDU Reactors 367 Figure 5-19 369 OC Robotics Snake-Arm Robot Technology 369 Table 5-20 371 Sarcos Robotics Systems Positioning 371 Table 5-21 372

Sarcos Robotics Systems Target Markets 372 Table 5-22 373 Sarcos Snake Robot Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) Target Markets 373 Figure 5-23 381 Tokyo Institute of Technology Electrochemistry Spextroscopic Techniquees 381 Figure 5-24 384 Unifire Robotic Nozzle Technologies 384 Table 5-25 386 University of Michigan Mobile Robotics Lab Areas Of Interest 386 Figure 5-26 392 YASKAWA Electric Group Businesses 392

ABOUT THE COMPANY WinterGreen Research, research strategy relates to identifying market trends through reading and interviewing opinion leaders. By using analysis of published materials, interview material, private research, detailed research, social network materials, blogs, and electronic analytics, the market size, shares, and trends are identified. Analysis of the published materials and interviews permits WinterGreen Research senior analysts to learn a lot more about markets. Discovering, tracking, and thinking about market trends is a high priority at WinterGreen Research. As with all research, the value proposition for competitive analysis comes from intellectual input. WinterGreen Research, founded in 1985, provides strategic market assessments in telecommunications, communications equipment, health care, Software, Internet, Energy Generation, Energy Storage, Renewable energy, and advanced computer technology. Industry reports focus on opportunities that expand existing markets or develop major new markets. The reports access new product and service positioning strategies, new and evolving technologies, and technological impact on products, services, and markets. Innovation that drives markets is explored. Market shares are provided. Leading market participants are profiled, and their marketing strategies, acquisitions, and strategic alliances are discussed. The principals of WinterGreen Research have been involved in analysis and forecasting of international business opportunities in telecommunications and advanced computer technology markets for 30 years. The studies provide primary analytical insight about the market participants. By publishing material relevant to the positioning of each company, readers can look at the basis for analysis. By providing descriptions of each major participant in the market, the reader is not dependent on analyst assumptions, the information backing the assumptions is provided, permitting readers to examine the basis for the conclusions. WinterGreen Research is positioned to help customers facing challenges that define the modern enterprises. The increasingly global nature of science, technology and engineering is a reflection of the implementation of the globally integrated enterprise. Customers trust wintergreen research to work alongside them to ensure the success of the participation in a particular market segment. WinterGreen Research supports various market segment programs; provides trusted technical services to the marketing departments. It carries out accurate market share and forecast analysis services for a range of commercial and government customers globally. These are all vital market research support solutions requiring trust and integrity. About The Principal Authors Ellen T. Curtiss, Technical Director, co-founder of WinterGreen Research, conducts strategic and market assessments in technology-based industries. Previously she was a member of the staff of Arthur D. Little, Inc., for 23 years, most recently as Vice President of Arthur D. Little Decision Resources, specializing in strategic planning and market development services. She is a graduate of Boston University and the Program for Management Development at Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. She is the author of recent studies on worldwide telecommunications markets, the top ten internet equipment companies, the top ten contract manufacturing companies, and the Top Ten Telecommunications market analysis and forecasts.

Susan Eustis, President, co-founder of WinterGreen Research, is a senior analyst. She has done research in communications and computer markets and applications. She holds several patents in microcomputing and parallel processing. She has the original patents in electronic voting machines. She has new patent applications in format varying, mulitprocessing, and electronic voting. She is the author of recent studies of the Stationary Fuel Cell Market, Portable Fuel Cell Market, Solar Technology Market, Thin Film Battery, Wind Energy, Regional Bell Operating Companies' marketing strategies, Internet equipment, biometrics, a study of Internet Equipment, Worldwide Telecommunications Equipment, Top Ten Telecommunications, Digital Loop Carrier, Web Hosting, Web Services,Services Oriented Architecture (SOA), Business Process Management, Application Server, Rare Earth Elements, and Application Integration markets. Ms. Eustis is a graduate of Barnard College and recipient of many honors and awards, including Top Female executive CEO from Who s Who Worldwide in 2012.