Bulk Current Injection instead of Radiated immunity testing, in the range from 1 MHz upto 1 GHz: Measuring results

Immunity Testing: radiated immunity 41 Bulk Current Injection instead of Radiated immunity testing, in the range from 1 MHz upto 1 GHz: Measuring results

Immunity Testing: radiated immunity 42 Bulk Current Injection instead of Radiated immunity testing, in the range from 1 MHz upto 1 GHz: Simulations with NEC (MoM)

Immunity Testing: radiated immunity 43 Bulk Current Injection instead of Radiated immunity testing, in the range from 1 MHz upto 1 GHz: Simulations with NEC (MoM) 60.00 INFLUENCE OF CABLE LENGTH (HEIGHT: 5cm) 55.00 ] 50.00 A µ B [d 45.00 t n re 40.00 c u d c e 35.00 u d In 30.00 y = -2.65ln(x) + 95.84 y = -3.66ln(x) + 117.0 y = -4.23ln(x) + 126.0 25.00 20.00 1.00E+08 Frequency [Hz] 1.00E+09 L = 1m L = 1.7m L = 2m Log. (L = 1m) Log. (L = 1.7m) Log. (L = 2m)

Immunity Testing: radiated immunity 44 Bulk Current Injection instead of Radiated immunity testing, in the range from 1 MHz upto 1 GHz: Simulations with NEC (MoM) 1 2 0.0 0 Induc e d c urr e nt on w ire abov e g r ound p lane (H : 5 cm - L e ng th : 1 m ) 1 0 0.0 0 ] A µ B 8 0.0 0 [d t n re 6 0.0 0 c u d c e u 4 0.0 0 d In 2 0.0 0 0.0 0 1.0 0 E+0 8 1.0 0 E+0 9 Fr e qu e nc y [H z] M e a sur em e nt - H :5c m Sim ula tion - H :5 c m For d (1V/m ) Ford lim it level 1 (5 0V/m ) For d lim it lev el 2 (100 V/m ) L ine a ir (M ea sure m e nt - H :5c m ) L inea ir (Sim ula tion - H :5c m ) Comparison between Ford requirements and simulations (? Worst case?)

Immunity Testing: radiated immunity 45 Bulk Current Injection instead of Radiated immunity testing, in the range from 1 MHz upto 6 GHz: Simulations with NEC (MoM) 70.00 60.00 ) A 50.00 µ B (d 40.00 d te la u 30.00 I sim 20.00 10.00 0.00 100 1000 Reeks1 Trendlijn -10 db/decade Frequency (MHz)

46 Immunity Testing: transients EFT for the simulation of transients on the power network, by using the capacitive coupling clamp for all cabling Use the normal amplitude severity levels for datacabling Use the double amplitude severity levels for power mains cabling (with respect to the severity level when using the direct CDN injection)

47 Immunity Testing: transients ESD must be applied to sensitive components or combinations. At the level of a machine, the control keyboard and the display, used by the operator, are the critical components in practice They are checked on the correct fixing and mounting, and conductive connection to the chassis

Overview 48 Large Machinery EMC Directive and Harmonised Standards TEMCA2 project Conducted Emission Radiated Emission Immunity Testing Practical Example Conclusions Questions

Practical Example 49

Practical Example 50 Conducted emission

Practical Example 51 Radiated emission

Practical Example 52 Radiated emission Test-wire

Practical Example 53 Radiated emission

Practical Example 54 Radiated emission

Practical Example: examples of design 55

Practical Example: examples of design 56

Practical Example: examples of design 57

Practical Example: examples of design 58 Filter directly mounted on chassis, where cables are coming in

Practical Example: examples of design 59 Frequency converter and its cabling 15 db

60 Practical Example: examples of design X talk and layout close to chassis Wire 2cm above GND plane Wire near to GND plane

Practical Example: examples of design 61 Filters 45MHz

Practical Example: checklist & testing 62 EMC assessment Identification of the machine - Manufacturer - Functionality of the machine - Trade Mark and type - Options - Electrical installation parameters (No. of phases, voltage, current per phase) - Mechanical parameters (size and dimensions, weight, other peripherals needed, etc ) - Other functional requirements (cooling, heating, etc. )

Practical Example: checklist & testing 63 EMC assessment 1. Nature of the machine and its intended use 2. Normal location of use, and the expected EMC environment - Residential or industrial location - Type of power mains network (voltage, frequency, public, HV transformer, etc. ) - Radio/TV transmitters in the environment - Mobile communication systems, such as walkie-talkies, etc. - Other wireless communication systems in the close environment (GSM, Bluetooth, etc. ) 3. Types of EMC interference that could be created by the machine - Power mains frequency current harmonics - Flicker on the power mains network - Conducted emission - Radiated emission - EMF requirements, if wireless modules are used for datacommunication

Practical Example: checklist & testing 64 EMC assessment 4. Types of EMC interference that could affect the machine from outside - Power mains phenomena, such as voltage dips, interruptions, etc. - Conducted immunity (CW induced on the cabling) - Radiated immunity (CW from transmitters and wireless communication systems) - Transients on the cabling, as EFT and surge - ESD -Sensitivity to magnetic fields, if any magneto-sensitive component is used 5. Performance criteria to be met for each immunity item - Power mains phenomena, such as voltage dips, interruptions, etc. - Conducted immunity (CW induced on the cabling) - Radiated immunity (CW from transmitters and wireless communication systems) - Transients on the cabling, as EFT and surge - ESD - Sensitivity to magnetic fields, if any magneto-sensitive component is used

Practical Example: checklist & testing 65 EMC assessment 6. Measuring methods and limits adopted for emission, and deviations from references EN 61000-6-4 EMISSION FOR INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS EN 55011:1998 Limits and methods of measurement: Conducted emission Port: Power Mains EN 55011:1998 Limits and methods of measurement: Radiated emission Port: Enclosure

Practical Example: checklist & testing 66 EMC assessment

Practical Example: checklist & testing 67 EMC assessment

Practical Example: checklist & testing 68 EMC assessment 7. Test methods and test levels with respect to immunity, and deviations from references EN61000-6-2 IMMUNITY FOR INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS IEC 61000-4-2 Electrostatic discharge immunity test (ESD) Port: Enclosure IEC 61000-4-3 Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test Port: Enclosure IEC 61000-4-4 Electrical fast transient/burts immunity test Port: Power Mains IEC 61000-4-5 Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-6 Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields Port: Power Mains IEC 61000-4-8 Power frequency magnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-11 Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity test

Practical Example: checklist & testing 69 EMC assessment

Practical Example: checklist & testing 70 EMC assessment

Practical Example: checklist & testing 71 EMC assessment 8. Choice and rationale of the relevant subassemblies with respect to EMC - frequency converter and appropriate motor assembly - control keyboard and its cabling - sensors and their acquisition system - PLC programmable controller - modules for external communication (network, mobile, etc. ) 9. EMC design considerations, and description how components are selected/implemented - information on shielded cables and connectors - description of routing of the cabling - description of mounting of filters and ferrites - description of mounting of subassemblies - specific considerations on equipotential design and installation - specific considerations on not-painted surfaces - rules to be followed for maintenance and repair (replacement of components)

Practical Example: checklist & testing 72 EMC assessment 10. Example of checklist for visual inspection

Practical Example: checklist & testing 73 EMC assessment 10. Example of checklist for visual inspection

Practical Example: checklist & testing 74 EMC assessment 10. Example of checklist for visual inspection

Practical Example: checklist & testing 75 EMC assessment 10. Example of checklist for visual inspection

Overview 76 Large Machinery EMC Directive and Harmonised Standards TEMCA2 project Conducted Emission Radiated Emission Immunity Testing Practical Example Conclusions Questions

Conclusions 77 For conducted emission, an easy to apply CFP (capacitive foil probe ) has been identified, characterized and evaluated, as well as the use of the LISN in parallel For radiated emission, a simple test wire method has been identified, characterized and evaluated, as well as 1 m testing For immunity testing, two different phenomena must be treated, simulating interference by transmitters (CW like) and transients Current injection techniques can be used for both machinery and their modules and subassemblies EFT may be applied on all cabling, using the capacitive coupling clamp ESD must be applied to critical components It is referred to the harmonised standards EN 50370-1/2, path C to show evidence of compliance by module testing, visual inspection and final control of the machine

Conclusions 78

Overview 79 Large Machinery EMC Directive and Harmonised Standards TEMCA2 project Conducted Emission Radiated Emission Immunity Testing Practical Example Conclusions Questions?

Overview 80 Large Machinery EMC Directive and Harmonised Standards TEMCA2 project Conducted Emission Radiated Emission Immunity Testing Practical Example Conclusions The END