Data Explosion and Wireless Network Migration Young-Joon Kim, Ph.D LG-Ericsson, Head of R&D
Application Voice-centric Mobile service-centric Service Data Voice Calling Application Data Voice Calling Mobile Phone Competitiveness Hardware functionality Application OS (Operating System) Hardware functionality Industry Structure Handset Manufactures Centralization Carriers Customer Decentralization Handset Manufactures Carriers Internet, S/W companies Customer (Source :, 2010) 1/28
Business model, ( ) Contents Source : KISDI, (2010) Source : KISDI, (2010) 2/28
Everything will be connected Drivers - Entertainment, security, health - Productivity, new revenues - Sustainability, regulation Connected consumer electronics Intelligent transport, industry and society, smart utilities - Broadband ubiquity - Declining cost of connectivity Enablers (Source : Ericsson) 3/28
M2M service Easily find M2M devices around us Automotive Metering Health Care Tracking & Tracing Payment Navigation, Telematics M2M technology helps improve the flow of traffic and makes it possible to use intelligent telematics services that improve drivers safety, provide them with information, and allow their vehicles to be maintained more efficiently. Automatic Metering System, Smart Grid M2M gives utilities the opportunity to enhance the range of smart utility services offered, increasing benefits to customers and gaining clear competitive advantage in the marketplace. Telemedicine M2M will allow easy medical data access and a clear picture for patients, doctors and service providers to all aspects of a patient's health. Devices which perform this task can be connected to the receiving devices using a multitude of technology connections. Intelligent Logistics System The exact location of goods and even stolen vehicles can be pinpointed and reconstructed by means of GPS and radio cell location. Data can be exchanged between the control center and the tracking object in real time over the cellular network. Mobile POS Terminal POS devices can be installed in open areas where telephone lines are absent. Cellular communication enables payment data to be transmitted securely and reliably Security Vending Machines Cellular Security Camera The implementation of M2M technology in alarm systems is significantly improving security, speeding up the transmission of alarm signals and propelling innovation in the security sector. Vending Machine Vending machines and the goods they are stocked with can be monitored and checked remotely, and determining turnover and sales tax levels can be done automatically as well. 4/28
Smartphone service Category,, Situation-aware Service (twitter) (me2day) (Facebook), Obvious Corp., 140 ' (follow), NHN, 150,, 150 Data /, & Signaling * LBS Smartphone : google map Rapid Service (YouTube),,,, Data Active Service SMS & E-mail Smartphone Tailor-made Interface Mash-up Service Web Browsing (tethering) Mobile internet et banking Smartphone Non Smartphone PC Full browsing 5/28
Global projection of mobile data Mobile data traffic growth Smartphone shipment forecast TB per Month 4,000,000 Non-Smartphone Home Gateways Smartphones Laptops and Other Mobile-Ready Portables Unit:000s 2,000,000 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 (Source : Cisco Visual Network Index, Feb. 9, 2010) (Source : Ovum forecast) 6/28
Traffic concentrated indoor Majority of communications are indoor and traffic generated in the home will be increased Source : Gordon Mansfield Ovum: Europe: 40% Mobile communications are indoor 60% of mobile data traffic will be generated in the home by 2013 US: 60% Mobile communications are indoor Source : MBK Austria, Sep. 2009 7/28
Mobile technology in standard To cope with increased data traffic, LTE/LTE-Advanced and WiMAX R.2.0 in standard 8/28
Solution for data traffic : tech in standard Spectral efficiency: The information rate transmitted over a given bandwidth Emergence of new radio tech. to deliver e more data on a limited frequency spectrum: UMTS R99 HSDPA HSPA+ LTE Source : 4G Americas, Sep. 2008 Currently, OFDMA (LTE/WiMAX) technology shows the best spectral efficiency 9/28
Solution for data traffic : Frequency Easiest way to provide wider pipe is providing as much radio spectrum as required - Radio spectrum is limited/precious resource for social welfare ITU-R estimated 1300MHz and 1720 MHz spectrum will be required by 2015 and 2020 respectively Although WRC 1) made efforts to achieve available spectrum, additional 500MHz spectrum is required 1600 MHz 1200 MHz 800 MHz 400 MHz Total spectrum requirement Higher Lower 840 760 1300 1300 1280 1720 2010 2015 2020 Recommended spectrum WRC-07 WRC-00 WARC-92 1212 Source : Rep. ITU-R M.1768, 2006 Source : Rep. ITU-R M.2078, 2006 1) WRC : World radio communication conference 10/28 RG1 ~500MHz 1050 RG2
More frequency Frequency re-farming - GSM band (Europe), Digital dividend (Analog TV switch-off) International study on the new radio technology - Cognitive radio (Source : 1) KCC, 2,3) Ovum) 11/28
Operator s RAN evolution diversity Service pattern variation Data explosion Data offload with different method Data pattern from text to rich communication Region dependency of rural/city, indoor/outdoor ICT infra maturity / Service maturity Operator network environment Backhaul variety Penetration speed of new service Geographic diversity Coverage / capacity focusing Population or mass of business Wireless service technology Frequency allocated Operator s RAN evolution diversity SON Active Antenna Optic backhaul Relay Small cell Cloud RAN LTE evolution WiFi Offload Macro cell Micro cell pico cell femto cell 12/28
Technology enhancement with LTE-Advanced Technologies that can boost capacity within limited spectrum availability and same cell structure Higher-order MIMO Capacity is proportional to the number of layers that can be carried by wireless channel. (upto 8 antenna) Carrier Aggregation Aggregation of multiple frequency band to support wider spectrum for increasing data rate Adaptive beamforming Coordinated Multi-Point operation (CoMP) Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Cancellation (ICIC) SINR can be increased by changing antenna directions to avoid interferences. Also, multiple users can be multiplexed over same resources (SDMA). Interference can be mitigated by cooperation between sectors or different sites so that cell edge user data and spectral efficiency can be improved. (Rel.11) Cell capacity can be improved by coordinating interferences between heterogeneous networks over same spectrum. 13/28
Small cell needs Small cells achieve higher spectrum efficiency due to frequency reuse Small cell is the most powerful way to increase the capacity of wireless system macro Cell throughput / Km 2 smallcell smallcell smallcell Spectrum Efficienc cy [bps/hz] 9 ]Shannon Limit 8 Wireless Comm. System 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 Signal to noise ratio(snr) [db] 14/28
Pico/femto concept Effective way for capacity & coverage extension New business opportunity for home and office 15/28
Relay node Relay - Relaying enode-b signals to/from terminal with in-band wireless backhaul communication - Providing coverage extension and capacity increase Value - Relay is Intelligent repeater that can move and - Extend the range of service - Improve the data rate coverage - Improve the overall throughput - Improve the cell edge performance 16/28
SON (Self-Organizing Network) Self-configuration Automatic installation procedures to get the necessary basic configuration for system operation Pre-operational state during power-up and backbone connectivity Always on RAN performance monitoring i based on enb and UE reporting Self-optimization Network auto-tuning process using UE and enodeb measurements Operational state after RF interface is additionally switched on Self Deployable Cell O&M Configuration profiles Measurement data Automatic Common Channel Power Control Very low throughput reporting with location info. HO failure reporting with location info. 17/28
Data offload with WiFi Different radio access technologies can offload data traffic on the cellular network resulting in capacity enhancement - Wi-Fi/Wibro 24% of traffic in the US came over WiFi (May, 2010) (Source : Admob, May, 2010) 18/28
Whitespace (Super WiFi) Definition of Cognitive Radio - According to the frequency usage status, the terminal can dynamically detect the idle frequency channels and use the idle frequency dynamically for a while without any impact to the existing communication channels 19/28
Idle channel status for Whitespace FCC says that the average channel usage of allocated frequency is lower than 30% FCC supports Cognitive radio for increasing i frequency usage efficiency i (Source : FCC, Spectrum Policy Task Force, Technology Advisory Council (TAC) Briefing, Dec. 2002) 20/28
Cognitive radio technology for Whitespace RF/Analog Front-End Digital Baseband MAC Layer ~ PA D/A IFFT Power Control Adaptive Loading Time / Freq Space Sel QoS vs. Rate ~ LMA A/D FFT Channel Interference Learn Feedback Sel/Est Meas/Cancel Environ. To CRs Wide band antenna and PA technology High speed A/D & D/A Optimal transmit parameter detection technology Signal detection and prediction Multi-carrier technologies & MIMO Spectrum monitoring technologies Adaptive modulation & Power control technology Dynamic Frequency Selection Channel status and capacity detection Signal detection management and control Optimized resource allocation Spectrum sharing PHY Adaptability control 21/28
Cloud RAN Cloud RAN is the digital unit / RF unit separated cell deployment Integrated NodeB TS : Transmission System RNC TS OF : Optical Fiber Cloud RAN Transmission aggregation site DU E1 TS TS TS NodeB NodeB DU of NodeB RRU of NodeB TS DU Optic Cable RRU RRU RRU Cloud Communication Center Cell Site (DU : Digital Unit, RRU : Remote Radio Unit) 22/28
Cloud RAN benefit Pros - Reduce the site operation costs (Indoor rental cost vs. rooftop rental cost, no air conditional system, no transmission in building) - Reduce the site visit cost via centralized MU (Main Unit) - CCC (MU site) is operator s own building - Baseband processing resource sharing among cells - Site cooperation for interference management, resource management Cons - Optic cable cost with huge data transmission 23/28
Cloud RAN variation Cloud communication variation according to backhaul type, physical layer location, baseband hardware, antenna type and backhaul compression Antenna, BB HW Backhaul type HW sharing Passive antenna / Active antenna RF unit optic RF unit optic RF unit optic PHY L2/3 PHY L2/3 PHY L2/3 ASIC / FPGA / Open HW RF unit PHY IP RF unit optic RF unit optic L2/3 PHY L2/3 24/28
Active antenna Pros - High power efficiency with the elimination of feeder cable - Small size, zero footprint, light weight easy installation - Low power PA with low cost Low power consumption - Easy to implement multiple antenna schemes Cons - Difficulty in maintenance caused by active RF components of roof top 25/28
Networked everything networked buildings networked gaming networked print networked t k d cities iti networked healthcare networked radio networked banking networked messaging networked grids networked television networked transportation networked music networked agriculture networked video 26/28
Drivers for networked everything People Lifestyle Health Convenience Safety Businesses Productivity Cost efficiency Regulations Assets Technology Societies Sustainability Safety Security Social cost Broadband ubiquity Cost of connected device (Source : Ericsson) Everything that benefits from a network connection will have one 27/28
Connected devices (Source : Ericsson) 28/28
Thank you