National Public Safety Telecommunications Council Update of Technologies and Standards that Public Safety Should Follow Arlington VA, March 22, 2005 Sean O Hara, and Mark Perillo Syracuse Research Corporation NPSTC Support
Overview Purpose of this slide deck is to go over technologies and technology developments that will be important to public safety. PS should be able to leverage either equipment or technologies 802.11 802.16 802.20 802.22 cdma2000 1xEV-DO Software Defined Radio (SDR) Cognitive Radio (CR) For each category there will be several slides Summary update More technical update Technical Summary -2-
IEEE 802.11 TGs Addition of Mesh technology to 802.11 access point (AP) connectivity What does it offer Public safety? Wireless AP to AP connectivity at 4.9 GHz (as well as at 2.4 and 5 GHz if necessary) Requires dedicated backhaul only at certain nodes Network sets up itself Traffic is routed based upon network conditions -3-
Technical IEEE 802.11 TGs: Update Joint Wi-Mesh/SEE-Mesh proposal was unanimously confirmed as the baseline Mesh Networking Proposal Proposal covers many areas Topology and Discovery Internetworking Security Based upon 802.11i (link-by-link security) and 802.11 TGw (protection of management packets) Extensible Path Selection and Forwarding Default: Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (hybrid proactive/on-demand) MAC Enhancements 802.11e EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Collision Avoidance) based for QoS Intra-mesh Congestion Control Common Control Channel Framework (optional, support for multiple RF channel capability, with RTS/CTS on a common control channel) Mesh Deterministic Access (optional) Beaconing, Synchronization, PowerSave -4-
IEEE 802.11 TGn Enhancements to 802.11 to allow for much higher data rates Up to 600 Mb/s What does it offer Public safety? Much higher data rates Better range from APs More reliable coverage in the presence of multipath, shadowing, and and fading -5-
Technical IEEE 802.11 TGn: Update Voted to move to letter ballot Nearly all proposals based upon MIMO Still a few issues being worked out Efficient 20/40 MHz channelization Publication expected in early-mid 2007 MIMO-based products available now, but require matched manufacturers on both the APs and cards -6-
IEEE 802.11 TGy Define a protocol that consists of procedures for: Initiating new transmissions, Determining the state of the channel (available or unavailable), Managing retransmissions in the event of a busy channel. IEEE 802 standards have not been designed to accommodate operation in lightly-licensed bands (i.e. non-exclusively licensed, without guarantees about interference), and the 5 GHz concepts of Dynamic Frequency Selection and 'Transmit Power Control' should be generalized beyond sharing with radar systems. This proposed project work on a Contention- Based Protocol is likely to be suitable for use in lightly-licensed bands in other regulatory domains. What does it offer Public safety? May be able to leverage for 4.9 GHz Better capabilities for sharing precious 4.9 GHz channel resources Managed through technology -7-
Technical IEEE 802.11 TGy: Update Moved from SG to TG at March Denver meetings Scope of Proposed Project: Application of 802.11 based systems to the 3650-3700 MHz band in the USA. Purpose of Proposed Project: The purpose of this project is to standardize the mechanisms required to allow shared 802.11 operation with other users in the 3650-3700 MHz band in the USA. Likely required mechanisms include: Specification of new regulatory classes (extending 802.11j) Sensing of other transmitters (extending 802.11a) Transmit Power Control (extending 802.11h) Dynamic Frequency Selection (extending 802.11h) -8-
IEEE 802.16 Mobile WiMAX 802.16 optimized for pedestrian mobility and roaming Alternative to 802.11 Greater range Scheduled MAC Similar to control channel scheduling Manages priority at the MAC/RF layer What does it offer Public safety? Longer range compared to 802.11 (up to 5-km) Less dense infrastructure for Public Safety (fewer sites) Better mobility than 802.11 NOTE: Lower data rates than 802.11-9-
Technical IEEE 802.16: Update IEEE 802.16e (Mobile WiMAX) has been approved and published as of Feb. 2006 Adds mobility to the existing 802.16 standards ~1 Mbps in 2-6 GHz band Expect to see many products late 2006/early 2007 Alcatel already debuting 802.16e-based base stations -10-
IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband New technology optimized for full mobility and roaming Up to 200 k/hr speeds Alternative to 802.11 and 802.16 (and EVDO) Greater range than 802.11 Scheduled MAC Similar to control channel scheduling Manages priority at the MAC/RF layer What does it offer Public safety? Longer range compared to 802.11 (up to 5-km) Less dense infrastructure for Public Safety (fewer sites) Better mobility than 802.11 or 802.16 NOTE: Lower data rates than 802.11-11-
Technical IEEE 802.20: Update Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Competing technology with 802.16e 1 Mbps in 3 GHz band (Licensed <3.5 GHz) Status MBTDD and MBFDD proposals confirmed In Letter Ballot Technology still a few years away -12-
IEEE 802.22 New technology for unlicensed operations in the TV bands Sharing with broadcast and wireless microphone operations Cognitive radio based methods applied for spectrum sensing What does it offer Public safety? Excellent low cost broadband data alternative for rural areas Lots of capacity in rural areas Longest range of all 802 technologies -13-
Technical IEEE 802.22: Update Two very similar proposals were presented at March 2006 plenary ETRI, France Telecom, I2R, Motorola, Philips, Samsung, Thomson Huawei, STMicroelectronics, NextWave, Runcom Adaptive OFDMA-based with QPSK/QAM Channel bonding (2 or 3 x 6MHz channels) Operating Band: 54-850 MHz Data Rates: up to ~70 Mbps Spectral Efficiency: 0.75 4 or 5 bits/sec/hz Ranges up to 100-km (realistically, up to 40-km) TDD/FDD -14-
cdma2000 1xEV-DO 3G Cellular Technology CDMA-based Broadband data rates Also capable of dull duplex and PTT What does it offer Public safety? Huge market Multi-vendors, and interoperable equipment Low prices Smooth technology innovation and refreshment cycles Practically state of the art technology Available in PS bands -15-
Technical EV-DO: Update High data rates: 3.1/1.8 Mbps (down/up) Both Inter-user and Intra-user QoS Fast channel tracking and scheduling/data rate optimization (per user/sector) Enhanced function set to be available in 2006 (rev B) Even higher data rates (multi-carrier, with higher order modulations) Voice and data optimized (rolling in EVDV) -16-
Technical EV-DO: Update 6-14 km Cell radius Uses multiple sectors and multiple channels Same channel for each sector Average throughput for a one channel site: 4,860 Mb/hr Uplink 12,960 Mb/hr Downlink Average throughput for a three channel site: 14,580 Mb/hr Uplink 38,880 Mb/hr Downlink -17-
Technical EV-DO: Update -18-
Wideband/Broadband Technology Assessment There has been a lot of activity in the wideband broadband area within NPSTC So far we have collected and reviewed data and information collected from broadband/wideband vendors Primarily EVDO and SAM (looking at others as well) Have also met with Motorola and Lucent to discuss this information in detail Review analyses, assumptions, etc Ask specific questions that were not covered in the responses -19-
Initial Coexistence Assessment Technical Initial meetings with vendors have also focused upon coexistence issues such as: What is coordination is involved for multiple broadband deployments PN-offset codes, co/adj channel coordination, interference minimization, etc How can broadband be deployed adjacent to narrowband voice channels Guard bands, filtering, etc How can broadband be deployed adjacent to wideband technologies Inter-Region as well as Intra-Region Guard bands, co/adj channel coordination, etc Ongoing effort -20-
Coexistence Assessment Region B (Broadband) Region A (Broadband and Wideband) How to share How to coordinate What is possible What is not Region C (Wideband) -21-
Next Immediate Tasks Continue to review data collected from broadband vendors Identify areas of concern within the data Things that do not look right, or may require verification Identify areas where additional data is needed for clarification Need to do an apples to apples comparison across the board Identify and document areas where side-to-side comparisons will be made Focus on function needs of public safety, with tie in to technological details Perform side-by-side comparisons, and vet though WG and community Continue the coexistence analysis, and develop deployment guidelines -22-
Software Defined Radio NPSTC has long been involved with Software Defined Radio Participation in the SDR Forum What can SDR offer Public safety? Seamless interoperability Multi-band Multi-service Cognitive applications Interoperability Performance enhancement Life cycle cost reduction -23-
Work with SDR Forum SDR Forum international consortium of organizations dedicated to advancing SDR technology Have established the Public Safety Special Interest Group (PS-SIG) Representation includes public safety organizations, traditional public safety LMR vendors, commercial companies, regulators, military Over past year the Public Safety SIG has been drafting a report analyzing issues associated with developing SDR technology for public safety -24-
Technical Technical Challenges Antennas Receiver Front Ends Broadband Transmitter Linearity and Efficiency Security Standards Cognitive applications -25-
Software Defined Radio: Update PSIG report on server Currently in SDR Forum approval cycle Anticipate final approval at April SDR Forum meeting Follow on activities Security in conjunction with SDRF Security WG Reaching out to appropriate public safety network security groups Cognitive applications in conjunction with Cognitive Radio WG Developing use cases for cognitive applications Cost model development -26-
Cognitive Radio Since 2004, the Software Defined Radio Forum (SDRF) has had a Working Group dedicated to Cognitive Radio (CR) Technologies Chair John Grosspietsch (Motorola) Vice Chair Sean O Hara (SRC, NPSTC) This WG keeps a close liaison with the Interoperability Committee through John Powell (also Chairman of SDRF) Both have been pushing for work in the PS area This year, one of the main work items will be related to public safety Analysis of the Applicability of Cognitive Radio Technologies to Public Safety Operations -27-
Why Care about CR? Cognitive Radio (CR) technologies are being embedded into our US military capabilities CR being assimilated into commercial communications markets as well. However, Homeland Security and Public Safety Communications are behind these other groups in both understanding and integrating these capabilities into their operations. This is unfortunate, as many of Public Safety s current communications interoperability and spectrum resource issues might be addressed through the utilization of these technologies. -28-
What will the Study Consist of? The study will consist of an investigate into the application of SDR and Cognitive Radio to Public Safety s needs, through the examination of several scenarios. Will examine scenarios that leverage cognitive radio capabilities and technologies to support Public Safety operations. Scenarios will be selected as a joint efforts between the SDRF Public safety Special Interest Group (PS-SIG), Chaired by Fred Frantz and the CRWG NPSTC Participation (Powell, Martinez, Frantz, O Hara etc) Will probably use SAFECOM scenarios as applicable (perhaps with some modification if necessary) The WG will then analyze and asses how cognitive radio technology can provide public safety solutions to their communications and interoperability issues. Identify Current Capabilities Identify Research and Development Needs -29-
Technical Scenario and CR (and SDR) System Public Safety Incident Scene with Multi-Jurisdictional Response Triage Area Mobile Command Centers Explosion Scene RX Antenna System Police Fire EMS TX Antenna System Spectrum/RF Characterization Time, Frequency, Power, Location SDR/CR Platform User Interface CONNECTIONS RULES CONNECTIONS RULES CONNECTION RULES Digital Filtering Digital Filtering PHY/MAC Digital Functions Filtering PHY/MAC Digital Functions Filtering PHY/MAC Functions PHY/MAC Functions -30-