Crime, Critique and Utopia
Critical Criminological Perspectives The Palgrave Critical Criminological Perspectives book series aims to showcase the importance of critical criminological thinking when examining problems of crime, social harm and criminal and social justice. Critical perspectives have been instrumental in creating new research agendas and areas of criminological interest. By challenging state defined concepts of crime and rejecting positive analyses of criminality, critical criminological approaches continually push the boundaries and scope of criminology, creating new areas of focus and developing new ways of thinking about, and responding to, issues of social concern at local, national and global levels. Recent years have witnessed a flourishing of critical criminological narratives and this series seeks to capture the original and innovative ways that these discourses are engaging with contemporary issues of crime and justice. Series editors: Professor Reece Walters Faculty of Law, Queensland University of Technology, Australia Dr Deborah Drake Department of Social Policy and Criminology, the Open University, UK Titles include: Kerry Carrington, Matthew Ball, Erin O Brien, Juan Tauri CRIME, JUSTICE AND SOCIAL DEMOCRACY International Perspectives Claire Cohen MALE RAPE IS A FEMINIST ISSUE Feminism, Governmentality and Male Rape Deborah Drake PRISONS, PUNISHMENT AND THE PURSUIT OF SECURITY Margaret Malloch and Bill Munro (editors) CRIME, CRITIQUE AND UTOPIA Maggi O Neill and Lizzie Seal (editors) TRANSGRESSIVE IMAGINATIONS Crime, Deviance and Culture Critical Criminological Perspectives Series Standing Order ISBN 978 0 230 36045 7 hardback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
Crime, Critique and Utopia Edited by Margaret Malloch Senior Research Fellow, University of Stirling and Bill Munro Lecturer in Criminology, University of Stirling
Editorial matter and selection Margaret Malloch and Bill Munro 2013 Individual chapters Respective authors 2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-00979-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted thier rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-43613-2 ISBN 978-1-137-00980-7 (ebook) DOI 10.1057/9781137009807 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
So our campaign slogan must be: reform of consciousness, not through dogma, but through the analysis of that mystical consciousness which has not yet become clear to itself. It will then turn out that the world has long dreamt of that which it had only to have a clear idea to possess. It will turn out that it is not a question of any conceptual rupture between past and future, but rather of the completion of the thoughts of the past. Marx, Letter to Ruge (1843)
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Contents List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements Notes on Contributors ix x xi 1 Utopia and Its Discontents 1 Margaret Malloch and Bill Munro 2 Crime, Critique and Utopian Alternatives 21 Margaret Malloch 3 Utopia and Penal Constraint: The Frankfurt School and Critical Criminology 44 Bill Munro 4 Erich Fromm: From Messianic Utopia to Critical Criminology 62 Michael Löwy 5 Crime and Punishment in Classical and Libertarian Utopias 71 Vincenzo Ruggiero 6 Visualising an Abolitionist Real Utopia: Principles, Policy and Praxis 90 David Scott 7 Towards a Utopian Criminology 114 Lynne Copson 8 Using the Future to Predict the Past: Prison Population Projections and the Colonisation of Penal Imagination 136 Sarah Armstrong vii
viii Contents 9 Techno-utopianism, Science Fiction and Penal Innovation: The Case of Electronically Monitored Control 164 Mike Nellis 10 From Penal Dystopia to the Reassertion of Social Rights 190 Loïc Wacquant Index 210
Figures and Tables Figures 8.1 Average daily population of Scottish prisons, 2000 2001 to 2009 2010 143 8.2 Prison population projections for Scotland, 2008 2009 to 2017 2018 144 8.3 Average daily population and annual receptions in Scottish prisons, 2000 2001 to 2009 2010 146 8.4 Annual prison population snapshot and receptions in England and Wales, 2000 2009 146 8.5 Comparison of the actual and projected 2001 prison population in England and Wales, by year of projection 147 8.6 Projection of the Scottish prison population, imagined through 2021 157 8.7 Sentenced juvenile prisoners in secure state-run institutions (Massachusetts, US), 1969 and 1976 158 Tables 8.1 Projections of 2011 England and Wales prison population, by year of projection 152 ix
Acknowledgements We are very grateful to all of our chapter contributors. This has been an exciting opportunity to engage with colleagues in shaping our understanding of Utopia, and to consider the role of the utopian impulse in the development of a critical criminology. We would also like to thank a number of people who have helped us to produce this book: Harriet Barker and Julia Willan of Palgrave Macmillan for their assistance in turning our original ideas into Crime, Critique and Utopia. Thanks also to Reece Walters and Deborah Drake, series editors for Palgrave Macmillan s Critical Criminological Perspectives series, for their support in taking this project forward. We are grateful to the Scottish Government and the Ministry of Justice for allowing us to reproduce the tables included in Chapter 8, and to Duke University Press for permission to include Chapter 10, which was originally published in Wacquant (2009) Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity. Thanks also to Ian McIntosh, University of Stirling, for his photographic skills in the production of the book cover and to Flora Kenson for editorial support. Thanks to you all. Margaret Malloch Bill Munro x
Contributors Sarah Armstrong is Senior Research Fellow in the Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research at Glasgow University, UK. Lynne Copson is Teaching Fellow in Criminology in the School of Law, University of Edinburgh, UK. Michael Löwy is Emeritus Research Director in Social Sciences at CNRS (French National Center of Scientific Research), France. Margaret Malloch is Senior Research Fellow with the Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research at the University of Stirling, UK. Bill Munro is Lecturer in Criminology with the School of Applied Social Science at the University of Stirling, UK. Mike Nellis is Emeritus Professor of Criminal and Community Justice School of Law, University of Strathclyde, UK. Vincenzo Ruggiero is Professor of Sociology at Middlesex University, UK, where he is Director of the Crime and Conflict Research Centre. David Scott is Senior Lecturer at the Centre for Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Central Lancashire, UK. Loïc Wacquant is Professor of Sociology and Research Associate at the Institute for Legal Research, Boalt Law School, University of California at Berkeley, US. He is also a researcher at the Centre de européen de sociologie et de science politique in Paris, France. xi