安捷倫科技 LTE 長期演進技術論壇 Volume 3
LTE LTE (Long Term Evolution) RF Conformance & Design Verification Test Update LTE 7th, April, 2009 Agilent Technologies Jeffrey Chen Jeffrey-cy_chen@agilent.com GS-8800 User Group Meeting LTE Market Development / Intro Timelines FPGA to ASIC Design Handset Integration Transition RF Validation & Verification Pilot Production LTE UE Test Requirement timelines L1/PHY UL/DL RLC/MAC PDCP Digital IQ I/O RF Interface 2x2 DL MIMO Protocol Conformance Test RF Conformance Test RF Measurements w/ Link Production Test 3GPP Spec Development & GCF/PTCRB timelines 3GPP TS36.101 & 133 (Core Spec) 3GPP TS36.508 (RB test mode) 3GPP TS36.521-1 & 523-1 (Test Method) GCF/PTCRB TP Validation GCF/PTCRB UE Validation LTE UE development & intro timelines RF Design Early Proto s FPGA based Early commercial chipsets ASIC based Implementations Early pre-release handsets Commercial Handset Development Early trial network deployment 1 st commercial handsets 1 st live network deployment Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2007 2008 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 2009 2010 Wireless Test World 2008 1
3GPP LTE RF Test Specification Overview TS 36.101 V8.4.0.0 (2009-01) ) E-UTRA E UE RF TX/RX Core Specification (RAN4) Section 6 Transmitter Characteristics Section 7 Receiver Characteristics Section 8 Performance Requirement TS 36.133 V8.4.0.0 (2009-01) ) E-UTRA E RRM Core Specification (RAN4) Section 4 E-UTRAN RRC_IDLE state mobility (Cell Selection/Re-selection) Section 5 E-UTRAN RRC_CONNECTED state mobility (Handover) Section 6 RRC Connection Mobility Control Section 7 Timing and signalling characteristics Section 8 UE Measurements Procedures in RRC_CONNECTED State Section 9 Measurements performance requirements for UE Section 10 Measurements Performance Requirements for E-UTRAN TS 36.521-1 1 V8.0.1V (2009-01) ) E-UTRA E UE RF Conformance Spec Part 1 Conformance Test (RAN5 - RF) Section 6 Transmitter Characteristics Section 7 Receiver Characteristics Section 8 Performance Requirement Section 9 Reporting of CQI/PMI Agilent is Rapporteur TS 36.521-3 3 V0.2.0 (2008-06) 06) E-UTRA E UE RF Conformance Spec Part 3 RRM Conformance (RAN5 - RF) Section 4 Requirements for support of RRM Agilent is Rapporteur Wireless Test World 2008 TS 36.521-1 Section 6 Transmitter Test 6.2 Transmit power 6.6 Output RF spectrum emissions 6.2.2 UE Maximum Output Power 6.6.1 Occupied bandwidth 6.2.3 Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) 6.6.2 Out of band emission 6.3 Output Power Dynamics 6.6.2.1 Spectrum Emission Mask 6.3.1 Power Control 6.6.2.2 Additional Spectrum Emission Mask 6.3.2 Minimum Output Power 6.6.2.3 Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio 6.3.3 Transmission ON/OFF Power 6.6.2.4 Additional ACLR requirements 6.4 Control and monitoring functions 6.6.3 Spurious emissions 6.4.4 6.5 6.5.1 Out-of sync handling of output power Transmit signal quality Frequency error 6.6.3.1 6.6.3.2 6.6.3.3 Transmitter Spurious emissions Spurious emission band UE coexistence Additional Spurious emissions 6.5.2.1 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) 6.7 Transmit intermodulation 6.5.2.2 IQ-component 6.5.2.3 In-band emissions for non allocated RB Wireless Test World 2008 2
LTE TS 36.521-1 Section 7 Receiver Test 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.6.1 7.6.2 7.6.3 7.7 7.8 7.8.1 7.8.2 7.9 Reference sensitivity level Maximum input level Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS) Blocking characteristics In-band blocking Out of-band blocking Narrow band blocking Spurious response Intermodulation characteristics Wide band Intermodulation Narrow band Intermodulation Spurious emissions Wireless Test World 2008 TS 36.521-1 Section 8 Performance Test 8.2 8.2.1.1 8.2.1.2 8.2.1.3 8.2.1.4 8.3 8.4 8.4.1.1 8.4.1.2 8.5 8.5.1.1 8.5.1.2 8.6 Demodulation of PDSCH (Cell-Specific Reference Symbols) FDD PDSCH Single-antenna port Performance (Cell-Specific Ref. Symbols) FDD PDSCH Transmit Diversity Performance (Cell-Specific Reference Symbols) FDD PDSCH Open-loop spatial multiplexing performance (Cell Specific Ref. Symbols) FDD PDSCH Closed-loop spatial multiplexing performance (Cell-Specific Ref. Symbols) Demodulation of PDSCH (User-Specific Reference Symbols) Demodulation of PCFICH/PDCCH FDD PCFICH/PDCCH Single-antenna port Performance FDD PCFICH/PDCCH Transmit Diversity Performance Demodulation of PHICH FDD PHICH Single-antenna port Performance FDD PHICH Transmit Diversity Performance Demodulation of PBCH Wireless Test World 2008 3
Agilent LTE RF Test System Solution Design Verification Test (DVT) & RF Conformance Test (RCT) Fully integrated, scalable and upgradeable Design Verification Test solution Baseband FADER and MIMO feature are integrated into OBT Scalable configuration including Super Lite, Lite, DVT and RCT MXA base Forced Test Mode LTE TX tester : Available Now GS-8862 Design Verification Test Lite System Release 1.0 : 2009-Q3 Support in-ch TX and RX test cases with Performance test in the future GS-8871 Full Rack Design Verification Test System Release 2.0 : 2010-Q1 Supports TS 36.521-1 S6 (TX), S7 (RX) and S8 (Performance) test cases. Section 9 will be planned after 3GPP specification become matured enough to design solution. Some TS 36.521-3 RRM test cases will be supported as DVT solution. GS-8891 LTE RCT (RF Conformance Test) System Smooth transition to through GCF and PTCRB validation *Preliminary and Subject to Change Wireless Test World 2008 Agilent GS-8861 LTE RF Design Verification Test Super Lite System LTE RF Design Verification System LTE RF Design Verification System DUT *Preliminary and Subject to Change Wireless Test World 2008 4
LTE Agilent GS-8862 LTE RF Design Verification Test Lite System LTE RF Design Verification System LTE RF Design Verification System DUT Preliminary and Subject to Change Wireless Test World 2008 Agilent GS-8871 LTE RF Design Verification Test Standard Test System GS-8891 RCT will most likely share same system design Preliminary and Subject to Change Wireless Test World 2008 5
Agilent LTE RF Design Verification & Conformance Test Solutions Provides efficient RF parametric and performance measurements for development, design verification, pre-conformance and conformance test of LTE UE - Reduce test costs and accelerate time to market Key Features Compliant to 3GPP TS 36.521-1 requirements Support S6 TX test, S7 RX test, and S8 Performance test Smooth transition to LTE RF Conformance System The LTE Design Verification Test System can be easily upgraded to the LTE RF Conformance Test System certified by GCF and PTCRB in the future Fully integrated, Scalable and Upgradeable DV solution Baseband Fader and MIMO feature are integrated into E6620A wireless test set which is core of the system. Scalable configuration includes SuperLite, Lite, DVT and RCT systems similar to GS-8800 2G-3G solutions. Support all UTRA bands ( 1 to 14 and 17) by adding filter modules for Spur and Blocking Contribute all development stages from RF module to UE Provide test tool for RF module level evaluation, prototype UE evaluation and commercial UE design verification and pre-conformance testing Agilent Global support Dedicated system engineer support from local Agilent offices. GS-8861 Super Lite system GS-8862 Lite system GS-8871 & GS-8891 Standard system Wireless Test World 2008 Some Snapshots of the Software GUI Test Plan Editor Wireless Test World 2008 6
LTE Some Snapshots of the Software GUI Action Editor Wireless Test World 2008 Questions? LTE DVT-RCT Wireless Agilent Test World Restricted 2008 Mar 12, 2009 7
LTE UE Protocol Development and Conformance Test Anite SAT LTE Protocol Tester and Development Toolset with the Agilent E6620A New handset designs must meet the standards expected by the consumer not to mention those required by industry bodies such as the GCF or PTCRB and that means carrying out earlier and more comprehensive development, design verifi cation and regression testing. In order to achieve this goal, versatile but rigorous testing solutions are required. From pre-silicon protocol module development through system integration and verifi cation, use this toolset to shorten your development time and validate your designs. With the Anite SAT LTE solution you can: Cost effectively analyze LTE UE product designs early in the process Resolve emergent issues before they become costly problems Simulate and test a broader range of functionality Bring advanced products to market quickly Assure products will meet or exceed industry certifi cation and quality requirements Anite SAT LTE Development Toolset (DT) using the Agilent E6620A is a comprehensive suite of tools which supports all phases of wireless terminal development. Battery Current Drain Measurement and Analysis The Agilent 14565B software and 66319D/21D DC source provide a readyto-use solution for battery current drain measurement and analysis for optimizing the power consumption of your devices. The 66319D/21D is a specialized DC source for testing LTE and other wireless mobile devices. It has a 15V, 3A output, a high-speed 64KSa/sec 16 bit digitizer, and 3 current measurement ranges for making accurate current drain measurements from micro amps to amps, for testing off, sleep, and active operating modes of the DUT.
LTE Generating and Analyzing LTE Signals Brian Su (brian_su5@agilent.com) Project Manager Agilent Technologies Page 1 Agenda LTE Physical Layer Review with Demos LTE Transmitter Tests Signal Analysis LTE Component and Receiver Test Signal Generation Summary Q&A Page 2 2 1
LTE Physical Layer Review LTE air interface consists of two main components Signals and Channels Physical Signals Generated in Layer 1 Used for System Synchronization, Cell Identification and Radio Channel Estimation Physical Channels These Carry Data from higher layers including Control, Scheduling and User Payload The following is a simplified high-level description of the essential Signals and Channels Page 3 3 Physical Signal Definitions DL Signals Full name Purpose P-SS Primary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and identification by the UE. Carries part of the cell ID S-SS Secondary Synchronization Signal Used for cell search and identification by the UE. Carries the remainder of the cell ID RS Reference Signal (Pilot) Used for DL channel estimation and channel equalization. Exact sequence derived from cell ID, UL Signals Full name Purpose DM-RS (Demodulation) Reference Signal Used for synchronization to the UE and UL channel estimation Only used with active Transport Channel SRS Sounding Reference Signal Used for channel estimation when there is no transport channel (i.e., No active PUSCH or PUCCH) Used for CQI measurement. Page 4 4 2
LTE Physical Channel Definitions DL Channels Full name Purpose PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel Carries cell-specific information PMCH Physical Multicast Channel Carries the MCH transport channel PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel Scheduling, ACK/NACK PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Payload PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel Defines number of PDCCH OFDMA symbols per sub-frame (1, 2 or 3) PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ indicator channel Carries HARQ ACK/NACK UL Channels Full name Purpose PRACH Physical Random Access Channel Call setup PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel Scheduling, ACK/NACK PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel Payload Note: Absence of Dedicated Channels, which is a characteristic of Packet-Only Systems Page 5 5 Signal Modulation and Mapping DL Signals Modulation Sequence Physical Mapping Power *1 Primary Synchronization Signal (P-SS) Secondary Synchronization Signal (S-SS) Reference Signal (RS) One of 3 Zadoff-Chu sequences Two 31-bit M-sequences (binary) one of 168 Cell IDs plus other info. PS Gold sequence defined by Cell ID (P-SS & S-SS) 1 of 3x168 = 504 seq. 62/72 subcarriers centred around DC at OFDMA symbol #6 of slots #0, #10 62/72 subcarriers centred around DC at OFDMA symbol #5 of slots #0, #10 Every 6 th subcarrier of OFDMA symbols #0 & #4 of every slot [+0.65 db] *2 [+0.65 db] *2 [+2.5 db] UL Signals Modulation Sequence Physical Mapping Power Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) u th root Zadoff-Chu or QPSK (<3RB) Normal CP is assumed SC-FDMA symbol #3 of every slot (PUSCH) Different for PUCCH Additional signals (UL) - Sounding Reference Signal (Z-C) Default for SS and SA In lieu of 3GPP Defined Power Level Control [0 db] *1: 3GPP has not define power level yet. This information shows the current scale factor in the 89600 VSA and N7624B Signal Studio. *2: Synchronization signal: 72 sub-carriers are reserved, but only 62 sub-carrier are used. [ 0.65 db = 10 x log10(62/72)] Page 6 6 3
DM-RS Signal Modulation (UE) The unity circle produced by the DM-RS may look random but is the result of phase modulating each successive subcarrier to create a Constant Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation (CAZAC) Sequence There are 30 different sequences defined providing orthogonality between users (similar to Walsh Codes in CDMA) The sequence follows a Zadoff-Chu progression RS N ZC x q qm( m 1) j RS N RS m e ZC, 0 m N 1 where is the first prime number less than the required number of subcarriers, and m is the subcarrier number of the q th sequence For allocations less than 3 Resource Blocks (36 subcarriers) it is not possible to use a Zadoff-Chu sequence so the RS are modulated with a simpler computer-generated QPSK sequence of length 12 or 24 ZC Page 7 7 DM-RS Signal Modulation (UE) Zadoff-Chu (>3RB)( vs. QPSK (<3RB) Page 8 8 SEE DEMOS 1a,1b 3RB Zadoff-Chu vs. 1RB QPSK 4
LTE Channel Modulation and Mapping Normal CP is assumed DL Channels Modulation Scheme Physical Mapping Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH) Page 9 9 QPSK QPSK QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM QPSK BPSK on I and Q w/sf 2 or 4 Walsh Code QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM 72 subcarriers centred around DC at OFDMA symbol #0 to #3 of Slot #1. Excludes RS subcarriers. OFDMA symbol #0, #1 & #2 of the Slot #0 of the subframe NOT used by PCFICH or PHICH Excludes RS subcarriers Any assigned RB 16 Resource Elements Symbol #0 of Slot #0 Symbol #0 of Slot #0 (normal duration) Symbols #0, 1, and 2 of Slot #0 (extended duration) Variable Resource Mapping Channel Modulation and Mapping (cont.) UL Channels Modulation Scheme Physical Mapping Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) u th root Zadoff-Chu FDD = 64 Preambles, 4 Formats TDD = 552 Preambles, 1 Format Occupies 6 RB s (1.08MHz) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) BPSK & QPSK Any assigned RB but NOT simultaneous with PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Any assigned RB but NOT simultaneous with PUCCH Can be hopped Page 10 10 5
Slot Structure and Physical Resource Element Downlink OFDMA One downlink slot, T slot A Resource Block (RB) is basic scheduling unit. DL N RB x RB N sc subcarriers DL N symb OFDM symbols : Resource block RB xn sc DL N symb RB N sc Resource element (k, l) subcarriers A RB contains: 7 symbols (1 slot) X 12 subcarriers for normal cyclic prefix or; 6 symbols (1 slot) X 12 subcarriers for extended cyclic prefix Minimum allocation is 1 ms (2 slots) and 180 khz (12 subcarriers). RB N sc Condition DL N RB DL N symb : Normal cyclic prefix f=15khz 12 7 DL l=0 l= 1 N symb Extended cyclic prefix f=15khz 12 6 f=7.5khz 24 3 Page 11 11 Slot Structure and Physical Resource Element Uplink SC-FDMA One uplink slot, T slot UL N symb SC-FDMA symbols : Resource block UL RB N symb x N sc Resource Block = 0.5 ms x 180 khz UL N RB x RB N sc subcarriers Resource element (k, l) RB Nsc subcarriers Page 12 12 : l=0 l=n UL symb 1 Condition N RB sc N UL symb Normal cyclic prefix 12 7 Extended cyclic prefix 12 6 6
LTE Physical Layer Definitions Frame Structure Frame Structure type 1 (FDD) One radio frame = 10 ms One slot = 0.5 ms FDD: Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately #0 #1 #2 #3. #18 #19 One subframe = 1ms Subframe 0 Subframe 1 Subframe 9 Frame Structure type 2 (TDD) One radio frame, T f = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms One half-frame, 153600 x Ts = 5 ms 5ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5 and DwPTS for downlink, Subframe 2, 5 and UpPTS for Uplink 10ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5,7-9 and DwPTS for downlink, Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink One subframe, 30720 x Ts = 1 ms For 5ms switch-point periodicity #0 #2 #3 #4 #5 #7 #8 #9 DwPTS, T(variable) UpPTS, (variable) Guard period, T(variable) Page 13 13 One slot, T slot =15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms For 10ms switch-point periodicity Downlink Frame Structure Type 1 The Cyclic Prefix is created by prepending each symbol with a copy of the end of the symbol OFDM symbols (= 7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP) 160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts) CP 0 CP 1 CP 2 CP 3 CP 4 CP 5 CP 6 etc. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 DL N symb 1 Sub-Frame = 2 slots = 1 ms Ts = 1/(15000 x 2048) = 32.552ns 1 slot = 15360 Ts = 0.5 ms P-SS - Primary Synch Signal [Sym 6 Slots 0,10 62/72] S-SS - Secondary Synch Signal [Sym 5 Slots 0,10 62/72] PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel [Syms 0-3 Slot 1 72/72] PDCCH -Physical DL Control Channel [Syms 0-2 Every Subframe] PDSCH - Physical DL Shared Channel [Available Slots] Reference Signal (Pilot) [Sym 0,4 Every Slot] #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 #19 Note 1: Position of RS varies w/antenna Port number and CP Length Note 2: PMCH, PCFICH, and PHICH not shown here for clarity Concepts Page 14 of 3GPP LTE Page 14 14 1 frame = 10 sub-frames = 10 ms 7
Downlink Physical Mapping P-SS - Primary Synchronization Signal S-SCS - Secondary Synchronization Signal PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel PDCCH -Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel Reference Signal (Pilot) Note: PBCH = 1.08MHz to allow for 1.4 MHZ-20MHz Sys. BW Page 15 15 DL Physical Mapping Let s s Check it with VSA Spectrogram See entire frame in frequency and time on one display Find subtle patterns, errors Reference Signal occurs every 6th sub-carrier PDCCH occupying 1 st 3 symbols of each sub-frame (~214 us) S-SS/P-SS S-SS/P-SS/PBCH PDSCH Eg. 12 RB s = 2.16 MHz SEE DEMO 2 - DL 12RB 64QAM S-SS/P-SS/PBCH/PDCCH/PDSCH SPECTROGRAM Page 16 16 8
LTE Downlink Let s s Check it with VSA P-SS - Primary Synchronization Signal S-SS - Secondary Synchronization Signal PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel PDCCH - Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Reference Signal (Pilot) Slot#0 Symbol#0 RS + PDCCH (Hint: Same Modulation) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Note 2: PMCH, PCFICH, and PHICH not shown here for clarity Page 17 17 SEE DEMO 3a Downlink Let s s Check it with VSA P-SS - Primary Synchronization Signal S-SS - Secondary Synchronization Signal PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel PDCCH - Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Reference Signal (Pilot) Slot#0 Symbol#1 PDCCH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SEE DEMO 3b Page 18 18 9
Downlink Let s s Check it with VSA P-SS - Primary Synchronization Signal S-SS - Secondary Synchronization Signal PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel PDCCH - Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Reference Signal (Pilot) Slot#0 Symbol#3 PDSCH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SEE DEMO 3c Page 19 19 Downlink Let s s Check it with VSA P-SS - Primary Synchronization Signal S-SS - Secondary Synchronization Signal PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel PDCCH - Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Reference Signal (Pilot) Slot#0 Symbol#4 RS + PDSCH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SEE DEMO 3d Page 20 20 10
LTE Downlink Let s s Check it with VSA P-SS - Primary Synchronization Signal S-SS - Secondary Synchronization Signal PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel PDCCH - Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Reference Signal (Pilot) Slot#1 Symbol#0 RS + PDSCH + PBCH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SEE DEMO 3e Page 21 21 Downlink Let s s Check it with VSA P-SS - Primary Synchronization Signal S-SS - Secondary Synchronization Signal PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel PDCCH - Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel Reference Signal (Pilot) Slot#1 Symbol#1 PBCH + PDSCH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SEE DEMO 3f Page 22 22 11
Uplink Frame Structure Type 1 PUSCH Mapping DL N symb OFDM symbols (= 7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP) 160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts) CP 0 CP 1 CP 2 CP 3 CP 4 CP 5 CP 6 etc. The Cyclic Prefix is created by prepending each symbol with a copy of the end of the symbol 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 sub-frame = 2 slots = 1 ms Ts = 1/(15000 x 2048) = 32.6 ns 1 slot = 15360 Ts = 0.5 ms PUSCH - Physical Uplink Shared Channel Reference Signal (Demodulation) [Sym 3 Every Slot] #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 #19 Page 23 23 1 frame = 10 sub-frames = 10 ms Uplink Let s s Check it by VSA PUSCH - Physical Uplink Shared Channel Reference Signal (Demodulation) Slot #0 Symbol #0 PUSCH 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SEE DEMO 4a PUSCH Only! Page 24 24 12
LTE Uplink Let s s Check it by VSA PUSCH - Physical Uplink Shared Channel Reference Signal (Demodulation) Slot #0 Symbol #3 PUSCH DM-RS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 SEE DEMO 4b PUSCH DM-RS Page 25 25 Uplink Frame Structure Type 1 PUCCH Mapping N symb DL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP) 1slot = 15360 160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 (x Ts) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 slot The Cyclic Prefix is created by prepending each symbol with a copy of the end of the symbol Sub-Carrier (RB) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 sub-frame PUCCH - Physical Uplink Control Channel Demodulation Reference Signal for PUCCH (PUCCH format 1, Normal CP) [Sym 2-4 Every Slot] Time (Symbol) #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 #15 #16 #17 #18 #19 1 frame Page 26 26 13
Uplink Let s s Check it by VSA PUCCH - Primary Uplink Shared Channel PUCCH-DMRS (Format 1) Slot #0 Symbol #0 PUCCH Frequency (Sub-Carrier or RB) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (Symbol) SEE DEMO 5a PUCCH Only! Page 27 27 Uplink Let s s Check it by VSA PUCCH - Primary Uplink Shared Channel PUCCH-DMRS (Format 1) Slot #0 Symbol #2 PUCCH DM-RS Frequency (Sub-Carrier or RB) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Time (Symbol) SEE DEMO 5b PUCCH DM-RS Page 28 28 14
LTE Uplink Mapping PUSCH Demodulation Reference Signal (for PUSCH) PUCCH Demodulation Reference Signal for PUCCH format 1 Note 1: When no PUCCH or PUSCH is scheduled in the uplink, the enb can request transmission of the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), which allows the enb to estimate the uplink channel characteristics Note 2: PRACH and SRS not shown for clarity Page 29 29 Uplink Physical Mapping Let s s Check it with VSA Spectrogram See entire frame in frequency and time on one display Find subtle patterns, errors LO Feedthru PUCCH occurs on Slots #0 and #1 of Subframe 2 (~0.5 ms / Slot) SEE DEMO 6 Page 30 30 15
Agenda LTE Physical Layer Review with Demos LTE Transmitter Tests Signal Analysis LTE Component and Receiver Test Signal Generation Summary Q&A Page 31 31 LTE Signal Analysis - 89601A Vector Signal Analysis Software Features/Capabilities Summary LTE downlink (OFDMA) and uplink (SC-FDMA) analysis in a single option Industry leading performance: EVM of < -50 db (hardware dependent) FDD mode, Type 1 generic frame structure All LTE bandwidths: 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz All LTE modulation formats: BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAM All LTE modulation sequences: CAZAC, OSxPRS Supports all Agilent signal analyzers: PSA, MXA, EXA, 89600 as well as Agilent logic analyzers and scopes Connectivity with Agilent s Advance Design System (ADS) LTE wireless library Page 32 32 16
LTE Consistent Measurement SW = Correlation of results across the block diagram DUT 89601A VSA DSP Digital (SSI) BB (I-Q) IF/RF Logic Analyzer Oscilloscope Signal Analyzer + ADS connectivity Direct connection to ADS LTE signal simulation output using ADS 89600 instrument sink. Page 33 33 Transmitter Characteristics enb These transmitter tests are work in progress and the definitions and 6.2 Base Station Output Power requirements covered in this 6.3 Output Power Dynamics presentation are working assumptions 6.4 Transmit ON/OFF Power per TS 36.104 V8.2.0 (2008-05) 6.5 Transmit Signal Quality 6.5.1 Frequency Error 6.5.2 Error Vector Magnitude 6.5.3 Time alignment between transmitter branches 6.5.4 DL RS power 6.6 Unwanted Emissions 6.6.1 Occupied bandwidth 6.6.2 Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR) 6.6.3 Operating band unwanted emissions ( same as SEM) 6.6.4 Transmitter spurious emission 6.7 Transmit Intermodulation Page 34 34 17
Transmitter Characteristics UE 6.2 Transmit Power 6.3 Output Power Dynamics 6.4 Control and Monitoring Functions 6.5 Transmit Signal Quality 6.5.1 Frequency error 6.5.2 Transmit modulation 6.5.2.1 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) 6.5.2.2 IQ-Component 6.5.2.3 In-band Emissions 6.5.2.4 Spectrum Flatness 6.6 Output RF Spectrum Emissions 6.6.1 Occupied bandwidth 6.6.2 Out of band emission 6.6.2.1 Spectrum emission mask (SEM) 6.6.2.3 Adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) 6.6.3 Spurious emissions 6.7 Transmit Intermodulation Page 35 35 These transmitter tests are work in progress and the definitions and requirements covered in this presentation are working assumptions per TS 36.101 v8.2.0 (2008-05) + CR from June RAN WG47 meeting Transmit Power UE Does the UE transmit too much or too little? MOP (Maximum Output Power) Method: broadband power measurement (No change from UMTS) MPR (Maximum Power Reduction) Definition: Power reduction due to higher order modulation and transmit bandwidth (RB) this is for UE power class 3 A-MPR (Additional MPR) Definition: Power reduction capability to meet ACLR and SEM requirements Channel power measurement using swept spectrum analyzer These methods are used to fine-tune the UE so that it can operate at high data rates in deployments with higher spurious emissions and then scale back its maximum power; for example, at the cell edge where the UE is more sensitive to out-of-channel emissions. Agilent 89601A VSA provides power measurement for each active channel after demodulation Page 36 36 18
LTE Output RF Spectrum Emissions Unwanted emissions consist of: 1. Occupied Bandwidth: Emission within the occupied bandwidth 2. Out-of-Band (OOB) Emissions Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR) Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) Due to Modulation Process and Non-linearity in transmitter 3. Spurious Emissions: Far out emissions Due to Harmonics and Intermodulation Products Page 37 37 Occupied Bandwidth Requirement Does most UE energy reside within its channel BW? Occupied bandwidth Measure the bandwidth of the LTE signal that contains 99% of the channel power Minimum Requirement: The occupied bandwidth shall be less than the channel bandwidth specified in the table below Occupied channel bandwidth Occupied Bandwidth [MHz] 1.08 2.7 4.5 9 13.5 18 Channel bandwidth (MHZ) 1.4 3 5 10 15 20 Page 38 38 19
ACLR Requirements enb case Does the enb transmit in adjacent channels? ACLR (Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio) measurement: Measure the channel power at the carrier frequency Measure the channel power at the required adjacent channels Ensure the enb power at adjacent channels meets specs ACLR defined for two cases E-UTRA (LTE) ACLR 1 and ACLR 2 with square measurement filter UTRA (W-CDMA) ACLR 1 and ACLR 2 with 3.84 MHz RRC measurement filter with roll-off factor =0.22. ACLR limits defined for adjacent LTE carriers ACLR limits defined for adjacent UTRA carriers Page 39 39 ACLR Limits enb case In the case of E-UTRA (LTE) adjacent carrier: E-UTRA Tx signal channel BW E-UTRA adjacent channel carrier E-UTRA channel measurement filter BW (Square filter) 1.4 MHz 1.4 MHz 1.08 MHz 45 db 3.0 MHz 3.0 MHz 3.0 MHz 45 db 5 MHz 5 MHz 4.5 MHz 45 db 10 MHz 10 MHz 9.0 MHz 45 db 15 MHz 15 MHz 13.5 MHz 45 db 20 MHz 20 MHz 18 MHz 45 db ACLR Limit In the case of UTRA (W-CDMA) adjacent carriers: E-UTRA Tx signal channel BW UTRA adjacent channel carrier UTRA channel measurement filter BW (RRC filter with 0.22 1.4 MHz 3.84 MHz 3.84 MHz 45 db 3.0 MHz 3.84 MHz 3.84 MHz 45 db 5 MHz 3.84 MHz 3.84 MHz 45 db 10 MHz 3.84 MHz 3.84 MHz 45 db 15 MHz 3.84 MHz 3.84 MHz 45 db 20 MHz 3.84 MHz 3.84 MHz 45 db ACLR Limit Page 40 40 20
LTE ACLR Requirements UE case Does the UE transmit in adjacent channels? ACLR defined for two cases: E UTRA (LTE) ACLR1 with rectangular measurement filter (No TX/RX Filter defined) UTRA (W-CDMA) ACLR1 and ACLR 2 with 3.84 MHz RRC measurement filter with roll-off factor =0.22. f OOB E-UTRA channel E-UTRA ACLR1 UTRA ACLR2 UTRA ACLR1 RB TR 36.101 v8.2.0 Figure 6.6.2.3-1: Adjacent Channel Leakage requirements Page 41 41 ACLR Limits UE case In the case of LTE adjacent carrier: 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz Channel bandwidth / E-UTRA ACLR1 / measurement bandwidth 5 MHz E-UTRA ACLR1 30 db 30 db 30 db 30 db 30 db 30 db E-UTRA channel Measurement bandwidth 10 MHz TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table 6.6.2.3.1-1: General requirements for E-UTRAACLR In the case of W-CDMA adjacent carriers: 15 MHz 20 MHz 4.5 MHz 9.0 MHz 13.5 MHz 18 MHz Channel bandwidth / UTRA ACLR1/2 / measurement bandwidth 1.4 MHz 3.0 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz UTRA ACLR1 33 db 33 db 33 db 33 db 33 db 33 db UTRA ACLR2 - - 36 db 36 db 36 db 36 db E-UTRA channel Measurement bandwidth - 4.5 MHz 9.0 MHz 13.5 MHz 18 MHz UTRA channel Measurement bandwidth - - 3.84 MHz 3.84 MHz 3.84 MHz 3.84 MHz TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table 6.6.2.3.2-1: Additional requirements Page 42 42 SEE DEMO 7 UL 64QAM OBW + ACP 21
Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) Does the enb/ue leak RF onto neighbor channels? Spectrum emissions mask is also known as Operating Band Unwanted emissions These unwanted emissions are resulting from the modulation process and nonlinearity in the transmitter but excluding spurious emissions Measure the Tx power at specific frequency offsets from the carrier frequency and ensure the power at the offsets is within specifications Page 43 43 Carrier 10 MHz 10 MHz Operating Band (BS transmit) OOB domain Limits in spurious domain must be consistent with SM.329 [4] Operating Band Unwanted emissions limit enb example: Base station SEM limits are defined from 10 MHz below the lowest frequency of the BS transmitter operating band up to 10 MHz above the highest frequency of the BS transmitter operating band. TR 36.804 v1.2.0 figure 6.6.2.2-1 Defined frequency range for Operating band unwanted emissions with an example RF carrier and related mask shape (actual limits are TBD). Spectrum Emission Mask UE Example 20MHz Mask Regulatory Masks + Proposed 20MHz LTE Mask 10 0 level (dbm/100khz) -10-20 -30 WCDMA FCC band 5 FCC band 2 FCC band 7 Ofcom Japan PHS mask 6/7 RBs mask 15/16 RBs mask 25 RBs mask 50 RBs mask 75 RBs mask 100 RBs -40-50 -24-22 -20-18 -16-14 -12-10 -8-6 -4-2 0 2 offset (MHz) TR 36.803 v1.1.0 Figure 6.6.2.1-1: Regulatory mask and proposed E-UTRA masks Page 44 44 22
LTE Spurious Emission Requirements How much power does UE leak well beyond neighbor? Spurious emissions are emissions caused by unwanted transmitter effects such as harmonics emission & intermodulation products but exclude out of band emissions Example of spurious emissions limit for a UE Frequency Range Maximum Level Measurement Bandwidth 9 khz f < 150 khz -36 dbm 1 khz 150 khz f < 30 MHz -36 dbm 10 khz 30 MHz f < 1000 MHz -36 dbm 100 khz 1 GHz f < 12.75 GHz -30 dbm 1 MHz TS 36.101 v8.2.0 table 6.6.3.1-2: Spurious emissions limits Page 45 45 Transmitted Signal Quality Downlink Currently there are four requirements under the transmitted signal quality category for an enb: Frequency error EVM Time alignment between transmitter branches DL RS Power Page 46 46 23
Transmitter Tester for RF Power Measurements Agilent s PSA, MXA and EXA signal analyzers have flexible power suite measurements that can be set to make Channel Power, ACP, SEM and Spurious emission tests. Page 47 47 Frequency Error Test (enb( and UE) Does the enb/ue accurately track UL/DL frequency? If the frequency error is larger than a few sub-carriers, the receiver demod may not operate, and could cause network interference A quick test is use the Occupied BW measurement (Agilent 89601A VSA SW shown) An accurate measurement can then be made using the demodulation process Minimum Requirement (observed over 1 ms): UE: 0.1 PPM BS: 0.05 PPM Page 48 48 24
LTE Error Vector Magnitude Measurement enb Downlink (OFDM) BS TX Remove CP Page 49 49 Pre-/post FFT time / frequency synchronization FFT Current EVM requirements Per-subcarrier Amplitude/phase correction Reference point for EVM measurement Parameter Unit Level QPSK % 17.5 16QAM % 12.5 64QAM % 8 Symbol detection /decoding TR 36.804 V1.2.0 Figure 6.8.1.1-2 Reference pint for EVM measurement The basic unit of EVM measurement is defined over one subframe (1ms) in the time domain and 12 subcarriers (180kHz) in the frequency domain Equalizer is calculated over full frame Measurement Block: EVM is measured after the FFT and a zero-forcing (ZF) constrained equalizer in the receiver Agilent Signal Analyzer EVM Performance Both Uplink and Downlink Signal BW 89650S (typ) MXA (typ) 5 MHz 0..35 % 0.45 % 10 MHz 0.40 % 0.45 % 20 MHz 0.45 % 0.50 % enb Transmitted Signal Quality: Time alignment between transmitter branches Page 50 50 25
enb Transmitted Signal Quality: DL RS Power Page 51 51 Downlink EVM Equalizer Definition For the downlink, the EVM equalizer has been constrained The subsequent 7 subcarriers are averaged over 5, 7.. 17 subcarriers From the 10 th subcarrier onwards the window size is 19 until the upper edge of the channel is reached and the window size reduces back to 1 Agilent VSA EVM Setting The second reference subcarrier is the average of the first three subcarriers The first reference subcarrier is not averaged Reference subcarriers TR 36.804 v1.0.0 Figure 6.8.1.1-1: Reference subcarrier smoothing in the frequency domain Rather than use all the RS data to correct the received signal a moving average is performed in the frequency domain across the channel which limits the rate of change of correction 9 Page Oct 522007 Page 52 26
LTE Important notes on EVM (DL and UL) No transmit/receive filter will be defined In UMTS a transmit/receive filter was defined Root raised cosine = 0.22 This filter was also used to make EVM measurements Deviations from the ideal filter increased the measured EVM In LTE with OFDMA/SC-FDMA no TX/RX filter is defined The lack of a filter creates opportunities and problems: Signal generation can be optimized to meet in-channel and out of channel requirements Signal reception and measurement have no standard reference It is expected that real receivers will use the downlink reference signals (pilots) to correct for frequency and phase But no standard for how to do this will be specified Page 53 53 Important notes on EVM EVM vs. time impact on CP reduction The lack of a defined transmit filter means that trade-offs can be made between in-channel performance and out of channel performance (ACLR, Spectrum emission mask) But applying too aggressive filtering can introduce delays to the signal which appear like multipath and reduce the effective length of the CP EVM Usable ISI free period Impact of time domain distortion induced by shaping of the transmit signal in the frequency domain CP length For this reason EVM is defined across a window at two points in time either side of the nominal symbol centre Page 54 54 27
Important Notes on EVM - EVM Window CP Len FFT Size EVM Window FFT Size aligned with EVM Window End FFT Size aligned with EVM Window Center FFT Size aligned with EVM Window Start Agilent VSA EVM Setting EVM is measured at two locations in time and the maximum of the two EVM is reported. i.e. EVM1 measured at EVM Window Start EVM2 measured at EVM Window End Reported EVM = max(evm1, EVM2) (Per the Std.) Page 55 55 EVM Comparison for Different EVM Window Settings Max of EVM Window Start/End EVM Window Center Page 56 56 28
LTE Important notes on EVM EVM vs. time impact on CP reduction Values from 36.101: Bandwidth MHz FFT size Number of useful RBs Cyclic prefix length EVM window length W N cp Ratio of W to total CP (%) 1.4 128 6 9 [7] [77.8] 3 256 15 18 [14] [77.8] 5 512 25 36 [32] [88.9] 10 1024 50 72 [66] [91.7] 15 1536 75 108 [102] [94.4] 20 2048 100 144 [136] [94.4] TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table F.5-1 EVM window length for normal CP Page 57 57 Error Vector Magnitude Measurement UE Uplink (SC-FDMA) Modulated symbols DFT 0 0 IFFT DUT TX Front-end Channel Test equipment RF correction IQ Freq Meas FFT Tx-Rx chain equalizer In-band emissions meas. IQ Meas IDFT EVM meas. EVM v T m z' T z' v i v v m i P 0 v 2 for allocated Resource Block is modified signal under test is the ideal signal reconstructed by the measurement equipment Measurement Block To Make In-Band EM, Turn Off Equalizer, use IQ Freq Meas, use BP Markers Page 58 58 29
Error Vector Magnitude Requirements UE Uplink EVM requirements are still to be finalized Currently there are four requirements under the transmit modulation category for a UE: 1. EVM for allocated resource blocks 2. I/Q Component (also known as carrier leakage power or I/Q origin offset) for non-allocated resource blocks 3. In-Band Emission for non-allocated resource blocks 4. Spectrum flatness: for allocated RB Let s look at each one of these transmit modulation requirements Page 59 59 Error Vector Magnitude Requirements UE Uplink EVM For allocated resource blocks (Good ol EVM) EVM is a measure of the difference between the reference waveform and the measured waveform Minimum requirement For signals above -40 dbm, the RMS EVM for the different modulations must not exceed the value in the table below Parameter Unit Level QPSK % 17.5 16QAM % 12.5 64QAM % [tbd] TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table 6.5.2.1.1-1: Minimum requirements for Error Vector Magnitude Page 60 60 It is not expected that 64QAM will be allocated at the edge of the signal 30
LTE Error Vector Magnitude Requirements UE Uplink cont. I/Q Component For non-allocated resource blocks I/Q Component revels the magnitude of the carrier feedthrough present in the signal (i.e., IQ Offset in VSA Summary Table) Minimum requirements The relative carrier leakage power (IQ origin offset power) must not exceed the values in table below: LO Leakage Parameters Relative Limit (dbc) Output power >0 dbm -25-30 dbm Output power 0 dbm -20-40 dbm Output power < -30 dbm -10 TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table 6.5.2.2.1-1: Minimum requirements for Relative Carrier Leakage Power Page 61 61 Error Vector Magnitude Requirements UE Uplink Cont.. In-band Emission For non-allocated resource blocks The in-band emission is measured as the relative UE output power of any non allocated RB(s) and the total UE output power of all the allocated RB(s) Minimum requirements The relative in-band emission must not exceed the values in the table below In band emission Relative emissions (db) max 25,(20 log10 EVM) 3 10 ( RB 1)/ NRB) TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table 6.5.2.3.1-1: Minimum requirements for in-band emissions Unique Agilent Measurement capability! Page 62 62 31
Error Vector Magnitude Requirements UE Uplink Cont.. Spectrum flatness Relative power variation across all RB of the allocated UL block Minimum requirements TBD Via Channel Frequency Response Page 63 63 Important notes on EVM UL EVM Equalizer Definition This has not yet been fully defined The current proposal is to use a similar approach to WiMAX Unconstrained equalizer (Uses all DM-RS s) Define amplitude flatness across the channel In addition it may be necessary to constrain the phase variation (i.e., phase flatness measurement) as well since this is equally important as a source of demodulation errors Page 64 64 32
LTE Analyzing the Equalizer Results from an Ideal SC-FDMA signal 10 MHz IQ constellation Transition from RS unity circle to 16QAM Amplitude flatness 0.1 db Amplitude flatness for outer 10 RB Phase flatness 0.5 degrees Subcarrier relative flatness for outer 10 RB SEE DEMO 8 Page 65 65 EVM Measurement OFDMA & SC-FDMA Various EVM metrics are available on 89601A LTE application: Composite RMS EVM Peak EVM Data EVM Reference Signal (pilot) EVM EVM for individual active channels EVM for non-allocated resource blocks Page 66 66 33
Modulation Analysis (Non-Allocated) 16QAM data plus CAZAC Reference Signal The 16QAM data channel The reference signal (pilot) The Non-Allocated subcarriers are shown at the centre (Note: this can be turned off) Page 67 67 EVM For Allocated & Non-Allocated Resource Blocks The instantaneous EVM of the allocated subcarriers is shown in red and the average over the measurement interval is in white. EVM for the LO feed through and non-allocated subcarriers is measureable but these impairments are specified separately from EVM as shown on previous slides Page 68 68 34
LTE EVM Traces to Reveal Filter Effects Unique Agilent measurement capability EVM vs. Subcarriers EVM vs. Resource Block (RB) The RB s and subcarriers at the edges have high EVM because of the fast roll-off of the filter used. As such, the edge RB is unlikely to support 64QAM. Page 69 69 Agenda LTE Physical Layer Review with Demos LTE Transmitter Tests Signal Analysis LTE Component and Receiver Test Signal Generation Summary Q&A Page 70 70 35
N7624B Signal Studio for 3GPP LTE 3GPP LTE signal creation software User-friendly, Parameterized and Reconfigurable Run on Agilent E4438C ESG or N5182A MXG Signal Generators. Supports 3GPP TS36.211 and TS36.212 (Release 8 Ver 8.2.0 2008-03) Provides partially- and fully-coded uplink and downlink signals for component and receiver testing Includes signals with MIMO encoding and static fading Page 71 71 Signal Generation: Two Major Challenges 1: Creating Partially-coded spectrally-correct signals for Component Test Generate statistically correct signals to adequately stress amplifiers, I/Q modulators, filters and other components (e.g. CCDF, PAPR) Ensure component measurement results are minimally affected by the signal generator performance (e.g. EVM, ACPR) Provide flexibility to test performance with a wide variety of signals 2: Creating Fully-coded signals for Receiver Test Generate fully-coded signals that enable block error rate (BLER) and bit error rate (BER) testing Provide ability to add impairments Provide encoding and fading for MIMO signals Page 72 72 36
LTE Test Signal Flexibility with Signal Studio Easy-to-use pre-defined setups and ability to define custom configurations Settable LTE downlink and uplink waveform parameters Bandwidth (up to 20 MHz) Cyclic prefix (Normal or Extended) Modulation type (QPSK, 16QAM, or 64QAM) Payload data (PN sequence or user-defined) Downlink synchronization signals Downlink reference signal with frequency shifting Uplink demodulation reference signal Uplink demodulation reference signal cyclic shift Multiple carriers (up to 16) Allocate resources at the resource block, physical channel, or transport channel level Generate fully coded signals on downlink and uplink shared channels with Advanced capability Transport/Physical layer coding Transport/Physical layer mapping MIMO pre-coding with static fading Display resource element allocation, CCDF curves, and waveform plots Add W-CDMA signals to evaluate interference between W-CDMA and 3GPP LTE signals Page 73 73 Testing Power Amplifiers The non-linear characteristics of amplifiers affect in- and out-of-channel performance of the enb or UE transmitter EVM is a key in-channel metric of amplifier performance ACLR is key out-of-channel metric Examples of signals used to test amplifiers: varying bandwidth up to 20 MHz multi-carrier, e.g. four 5 MHz, for enb amplifier: all LTE, or mixed LTE & W- CDMA/HSPA varying signal configuration to simulate worse case scenario for DUT: bursted or nonbursted, heavily or lightly loaded resource configurations Page 74 74 37
Amplifier Performance - CCDF Only PUCCH Configuration 1.5 db difference at 1.0% Only PUSCH Configuration 1.0 db difference at 0.01% between PUCCH and PUSCH Varying signal content results in different PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) as shown by CCDF curve Example: Uplink signal with only control channel transmission vs with Full data on shared channel PUCCH only results in higher PAPR, so more stress on amplifier Solving test need: Signal generation flexibility to test under real-world worse case conditions SEE DEMO 9 Page 75 75 Amplifier Performance ACLR (enb( enb) LTE QPSK-5MHz 4 carriers enb spec -45 dbc amplifier expectation -55 dbc desired sig gen -65 dbc actual sig gen -68 dbc Mixed LTE QPSK-5MHz / W-CDMA test model 1-64DPCH enb spec -45 dbc amplifier expectation -55 dbc desired sig gen -65 dbc actual sig gen -68 dbc adjacent to LTE -70 dbc adjacent to W-CDMA LTE 64QAM-20MHz 1 carrier enb spec -45 dbc amplifier expectation -55 dbc desired sig gen -65 dbc actual sig gen -71 dbc Page 76 76 38
LTE Types of Receiver Test Uplink & Downlink Receiver characteristics: Reference sensitivity level Dynamic range Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS) Blocking characteristics Intermodulation characteristics In-channel selectivity Spurious emissions Note: These receiver characteristics are work in progress for the LTE standard. Definitions and test requirements are still incomplete and evolving! Solving test needs: Flexibility to easily create varying signals that simulate real-world conditions Signal generation capability that evolves as the standard evolves to ensure most accurate test results Page 77 77 2x1, 4x1 Tx Diversity with Static Multipath Fading N7624B: Signal Studio 2x1 Tx Diversity Ant0 Ant1 Ant0 Ant1 Ant2 Ant3 2x1 4x1 2x1 Enable each Transmission Path Page 78 78 39
2x2, 4x4 Spatial Multiplexing with CDD and Static Multipath Fading MIMO spatial matrix 2x2 SDM Proper matrix is selected Cyclic Delay Diversity 2x2 Enable each Transmission Path Page 79 79 Coded Signal for BLER Measurement Read pointer of circular buffer is changing by RV Index value DL-DCH1 BLER BLER DL-DCH6 BLER BLER BLER measurement is possible at every TTI (subframe) N7624B provides multiple DL-SCH up to 8 For UE BLER measurement DL-SCH1 DL-SCH5 DL-SCH6 DL-SCH7 DL-SCH8 BLER time BLER DL-SCH2 DL-SCH3 DL-SCH1 DL-SCH2 DL-SCH3 DL-SCH1 DL-SCH2 BLER DL-SCH3 DL-SCH4 frequency SEE DEMO 10 UE BLER Page 80 80 40
LTE enb Capacity Verification with Multiple UEs Cyclic shift (timing adj.) Up to 16 UE (16 carriers) UE identification Frame/Subframe/Slot (time) UE#15 enb System BW (frequency) UE#0 N7624B provides multiple UE up to16 with cyclic shift for enb capacity verification (overloading test) Page 81 81 Agenda LTE Physical Layer Review with Demos LTE Transmitter Tests Signal Analysis LTE Component and Receiver Test Signal Generation Summary Q&A Page 82 82 41
Measurement & Troubleshooting Trilogy Three Steps to successful Signal Analysis Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Frequency, Basic Advanced & Frequency & Time Digital Demod Specific Demod Get basics right, find major problems Signal quality numbers, constellation, basic error vector meas. Find specific problems & causes Page 83 83 Learn by Making Measurements 89601A VSA Software, Free Demo License, N7624B Signal Studio, Free Simulation Mode Recorded signals provided: perform any kind of vector analysis or demodulation Simulated hardware Tutorials Troubleshooting help Example displays 14-day Free Trial Licenses Connect to hardware Generate, download & play back signals Tech Overviews, Demo Guides Page 84 84 42
LTE Agilent 3GPP LTE Portfolio Software Solutions E8895 ADS LTE Library N7624B LTE Signal Studio 89601A LTE VSA Software NEW! E6620A Wireless Communications Platform Agilent/Anite SAT LTE Protocol Development Toolset NEW! Coming Soon! Drive Test Analyzers, Sources, Scopes, Logic Analyzers NEW! MXA/MXG R&D Coming Soon! Distributed Network Analyzers Digital VSA Network Analyzers, Power supplies, and More! Agilent/Anite Signalling and RF conformance test systems Product development Conformance & IOT Deployment Page 85 85 Questions? Thank you for your attention! Page 86 86 43
Page 87 87 44
Network Deployment and Optimization Signaling Analysis The Agilent signaling analyzer platform is an industry-leading solution for 3G, 2G & IMS networks today. With the addition of LTE & SAE technology support, the signaling analyzer software provides a common and intuitive user interface to support all mobile & IMS technologies. Together with a new high-density probing solution the signaling analyzer software enables passive probing & analysis of LTE network interfaces (e.g. S1, X2, S3, S4, S5). This powerful combination of distributable hardware pre-processing with scalable software architecture meets the current and future performance requirements necessary for the successful deployment of an integrated LTE/SAE network. Highlights of the Agilent signaling analyzer include: Total visibility for all layers from L1 to L7 Complete decoding of all protocol messages Full hardware and software reassembly at each layer inthe protocol stack Real-time call/session tracing on a single or multiple interfaces including mixed technology interfaces Real-time KPIs, statistics, and distributed performance management The Agilent Signaling Analyzer provides real-time analysis for LTE. Drive Test The Agilent E6474A network optimization platform enables wireless service providers and network equipment manufacturers to address wireless voice and data network performance issues by quickly and accurately measuring network RF performance The Agilent E6474A network optimization platform quickly and accurately measures network performance. and identifying problems. A fully fl exible user interface together with outdoor and indoor navigation options makes this scalable platform customizable to your specifi c needs. The LTE receiver measurements software option is an extension to Agilent s multi-technology drive-test platform that covers all the major cellular technologies including HSPA, UMTS, GPRS, cdma2000, 1xEVDO, iden and WiMAX. The software is combined with Agilent s market leading W1314A multi-band multi-technology receiver hardware to allow measurements to be made on multiple technologies at the same time. Highlights of the Agilent E6474A-645 LTE receiver measurements include: P-SCH RSSI S-SCH RSSI LT-cell-ID identifi cation RF spectrum and CW RF measurements www.agilent.com/find/lte
www.agilent.com.tw 有關安捷倫科技電子量測產品 應用及服務的詳細資訊, 可查詢我們的網站或來電洽詢 台灣安捷倫科技客戶服務中心免費專線 :0800-047866 研討會講義電子檔可於活動日一周後於下列網站免費下載 http://www.agilent.com.tw/find/hand outs 台灣安捷倫科技股份有限公司 台北市 104 復興南路一段 2 號 8 樓電話 :(02) 8772-5888 桃園縣平鎮市 324 高雙路 20 號電話 :(03) 492-9666 台中市 408 台中市文心路一段 552 號 12C 電話 :(04) 2310-6915 高雄市 802 高雄市四維三路 6 號 25 樓之 1 電話 :(07) 535-5035 本資料中的產品規格及說明如有修改, 恕不另行通知 2006 台灣安捷倫科技股份有限公司 Issued date : 04/2009 5990-3958ZHA Printed in Taiwan 04/2009