Craftsman Bungalow Style Elements

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Kellie Higgins
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1 Craftsman Bungalow Style Elements The Craftsman Bungalow originated in California in the 1890 s. The style is characterized by natural building materials and colors, broad overhangs with exposed rafter tails at the eaves, and porches supported by chunky square columns. In southern California, the Craftsman style evolved from bungalows that were the production home of the time. Wherever it was built, it incorporated natural local materials, such as stone and wood shingles on the walls and roof, brick and clay paving materials. Bungalows were often basic square plans with low-pitched roofs and wide eaves. Occasionally, exterior walls were stucco plaster. 43

2 Form Craftsman Bungalow Style Elements Criteria Cross gabled or gable fronted one and two story box or rectangular like massing under main roof Roof Walls Low pitched gabled roof Unenclosed eave overhang with elaborate exposed rafter tails Decorative ridge beams Overhangs at 16 to 24 Hip and gable roofs Horizontal siding Plain wood shingle siding Stone or Brick base Stucco with stone base Blended stucco with siding Shingle texture flat roof tile Windows Ribbon windows 3 or more ganged Single hung window Mullions in upper half Color Earth tone colors (light or deep) Playful, dark accent Details Black wrought iron or copper accents Entry porches with heavy square columns or posts in stone or brick piers Carved wood style entry door with geometric patterns Arts and Crafts or Mission lighting fixtures Classically styled columns 44

3 Spanish Colonial Style Elements Spanish Colonial style is distinguished by tile roofs, stucco walls, heavily textured wooden doors and highlighted ornamental ironwork. The architectural courtyards of the Spanish Colonial heritage include hanging pots, a flowering garden and shade trees as the foreground design elements. Key features of this style were adapted to the southern California locale. The plans were informally organized around a courtyard with the front elevation very simply articulated and detailed. The charm of this style lies in the contrast of materials and textures. 45

4 Form Spanish Colonial Style Elements Criteria Two story massing with one story elements Deep recessed arches Boxed out elements on second floor Varied plan forms Roof Low pitch roof Predominantly gabled side to side roof with forward facing hip roof element Unenclosed eave overhang with elaborate exposed rafter tails Concrete s barrel tiles Overhangs with tight rakes and 12 eaves Walls Smooth or sand stucco finish Windows 9 and 12 pane windows with colonial accent rim Rectangular shape feature windows on front elevation- single or ganged curve top shape Color White and earth toned body with bright accent trim Wood toned or dark brown trims Details Ornate black wrought iron accent details at walls, windows, light fixtures and gutters Carved wood style entry door Full length porch Black wrought iron balconies Decoratively shaped rafter tails Decorative tiles recessed in wall plane Garage door patterns complementary to style 46

5 Monterey Style Elements The Monterey style is a combination of the original Spanish Colonial adobe construction methods and the basic two-story New England colonial house. Prior to Monterey, all Spanish colonial houses were one story. This innovation combined with double-height roofed porches around the structure created a new style. This style introduced two-story residential construction and shingle roofs to California. The Monterey style was characterized by simple rectangular forms with low-pitched gable roofs and light colored, sun-reflecting stucco plaster with low-pitched roofs. 47

6 Form Monterey Style Elements Criteria Two story horizontal massing, simple form 2nd story balcony across the front elevation Roof Main hip roof with balcony shed roof break at 31/2 to 41/2 slope Shingle texture flat tile, barrel or s concrete roof tile Extended eaves with shaped rafter tails Walls Smooth stucco walls with horizontal and vertical siding accents at gable ends Windows Vertical window shape with multiple panes often used in groupings Gothic shaped feature window at first floor Colonial window and trim Curved top feature window Small beveled or stained glass accent window at front elevations Color White and light earth toned bodies Wood or dark brown trims, balconies Details Wood framed balcony and railing 4 to 6 diameter round gable tile vents Simple wood column detail Shuttered windows Eclectic accent details Chimney top detailing 48

7 Folk Victorian Style Elements The spread of Folk Victorian was made possible by railroads expanding into smaller towns and cities. Mass-produced wood features could be transported quickly and cheaply almost anywhere. Home builders often simply added trim and ornament to traditional folk houses. The asymmetrical, casual look with a more decorated appearance is typical of the Folk Victorian. The focus of the Folk Victorian style is one the cornice and porch roofs. 49

8 Form Folk Victorian Style Elements Criteria One or two story square symmetrical shape with simple gabled, crossgabled, hipped or pyramidal roof forms Roof Flat tiles or shingles Standard roof pitch Overhangs at 12 to 18 with applied cornice line brackets Walls Stucco is smooth to light sand finish Stucco eave details Lap siding applied as a full wrap or on the front, side and rear as enhancements Windows Simple window designs Wood or stucco trim used on front elevation windows Shutters may be used on front elevations Color Wide range of earth tones or tertiary colors such as olive White detailing or contrasting trims Details Entry covered with front porch Porches on the front elevation with flat, jigsaw cut trim along roof and at square posts Italianate or Queen Anne inspired details Simple detailed doors with wood surrounds and integrated sidelights. Chimneys are stucco Brackets or spindle work on porches 50

9 Colonial Revival Style Elements The Colonial Revival style is distinguished by elaborate entry statements such as a porch or portico, articulation of the roof shape with element such as a formal dormer window. Second stories with overhangs, dormers, and gabled roofs are favored, which evolved into classic elements of this traditional American style. Later, wings or smaller continuous gable forms were added to each side of the house, becoming a lasting characteristic. Wood shutters and an enhanced entry element and/or trim are the finishing details for an otherwise simple and functional form. 51

10 Form Colonial Revival Style Elements Criteria Simple rectangular massing of one, one-and-a-half or two stories stacked wall planes Roof Medium pitch roofs with little or no overhang Dominant gable or hip roof Flat smooth concrete or composition tile Cornice at gables Gambrel roof Boxed eaves Walls Smooth stucco finish or horizontal lap siding Windows Vertical multi-paned windows in groupings White vinyl wrapped aluminum frames Decorative round or half round windows Color Wide range of earth tones or offwhites Playful / dark accents White or contrasting trim and details Details Brick veneer accents on walls Chimney detailed with brick veneers Dormers Shutters on front elevations Entry door porches Columns Corbels 52

11 Traditional Style Elements The Traditional style was derived from elements of homes most commonly found in the eastern United States: steeper pitched roofs, often with enclosed eaves; wood clapboard siding and trim, often combined with a plaster finish; and brick or stone columns and trim around doors and windows. Elevations generally include more formal elements, such as gables and dormers at the roof, symmetrical arrangements of doors and windows, vertical proportions and details, and brick or masonry features, such as columns or trims at wall openings. 53

Form Traditional Style Elements Criteria Plan form massing with a vertical and horizontal break Rectangular plan form massing with substantially Roof 5:12 to 12:12 roof pitch 16 to 24 overhangs

second floors Walls Blended stucco and siding Preferred full wrapped horizontal siding Windows Single pane windows at sides and rears White vinyl wrap windows Vertical window shape, multi-paned at

12 Form Traditional Style Elements Criteria Plan form massing with a vertical and horizontal break Rectangular plan form massing with substantially Roof 5:12 to 12:12 roof pitch 16 to 24 overhangs Concrete roof tile with shingle look Front to back gable or hip roof with interesting hip or gable roofs Front to back gable or hip roof with multiple interesting hip or gable roofs at first and second floors Walls Blended stucco and siding Preferred full wrapped horizontal siding Windows Single pane windows at sides and rears White vinyl wrap windows Vertical window shape, multi-paned at front elevation Round top accent windows Color White detailing trims Details Simplified versions of Colonial cornice trim at gable ends 2x6 window and door trim (wood on siding, foam on stucco) Garage patterns complimentary to style Full wood porches and or wood balconies Brick veneer chimney wrap 54

13 Italianate Style Elements The Italianate style was based on the Italian Villa but removed the tower element, and was popular in the 1850 s and 1860 s. The Italianate has a basic square shape typically asymmetrical. Shallow hip roofs with decorative brackets and verandahs, often capped with a cupola or lantern at the top. Windows we often clustered together in doubles a triples and had a vertical orientation, awning windows were are often seen along the attic between the eave brackets to allow for greater head room, and create greater air circulation. Finished often in a smooth stucco painted in a deep Tuscan hues. 55

Form Italianate Style Elements Criteria Two story massing with at least 1 vertical and 1 horizontal break Roof Main hip roof with minor interesting gable

Walls Faux cut stone window and door surroundings Corner wall quoins Stucco over trim surrounds at windows and doors Smooth stucco finish Windows Single pane

at feature locations White vinyl wrapped aluminum frames Color Saturated deep Tuscan hues Contrasting trim in Tuscan hues Details Tapered round or square

14 Form Italianate Style Elements Criteria Two story massing with at least 1 vertical and 1 horizontal break Roof Main hip roof with minor interesting gable Preferred main hip roof with interesting hip roof 3:12 to 4:12 low roof pitch 12 to 36 overhangs with decorative brackets below Concrete s or barrel roof tile Walls Faux cut stone window and door surroundings Corner wall quoins Stucco over trim surrounds at windows and doors Smooth stucco finish Windows Single pane windows at sides and rear Vertical windows often clustered together in doubles and triples Deep recess in wall plane Round top window over rectangular windows at feature locations White vinyl wrapped aluminum frames Color Saturated deep Tuscan hues Contrasting trim in Tuscan hues Details Tapered round or square simple stucco or pre-cast concrete columns Colonial arch window trim 2nd story balconies in wrought iron Entry porches accented by columns Massive chimney Tower element 56

15 California Ranch Style Elements The California Ranch house is a more recent hybrid of the Spanish rancho and the Bungalow. The ranch house developed as a simpler version of both of these prototypes: the simple forms, wood construction, low-pitched roofs, large glass panels to invite the outdoors in, and vice versa. Plaster/stucco was the most common exterior material, often with wood trim at doors and windows. 57

wood shakes or tile Wide projecting eaves with exposed rafters and/or fascia boards Low roof

Multi-paned in varying sizes and shapes Color Wide range of light, medium or dark earth tones

16 Form California Ranch Style Elements Criteria Low, horizontal rambling profile arranged linearly and relating to outdoor spaces Primarily one story massing Roof Hip and gable with wood shakes or tile Wide projecting eaves with exposed rafters and/or fascia boards Low roof pitch Walls Blended siding and stucco Preferred wood siding, stone or masonry Windows Multi-paned in varying sizes and shapes Color Wide range of light, medium or dark earth tones and contrasting trim Details Porches and verandas roofed or trellised with simple wood post and beam construction 58

17 Cottage Style Elements As the Bungalow style began to wane around 1920, other styles were adapted to the bungalow floor plans including the Cottage style. Roofs were typically high-pitched with narrow and wide eaves, occasionally supported on beams and knee braces. Elevations emphasized both vertical and horizontal proportions, including banks of windows and doors, as well as single bay windows and doorways from classical sources, leading to porches and trellises. 59

Form Cottage Style Elements Criteria Rectangular plan form massing with recessed 2nd floor area Roof Main roof hip or gable with interesting gable roofs 6:12 to 12:12 roof pitch 0 to 12 overhangs

front elevation and at highly visibility areas Single paned windows on sides and rears Stucco over foam window and door trim Curved or round top accent windows Color Whites and cool pastel earth

18 Form Cottage Style Elements Criteria Rectangular plan form massing with recessed 2nd floor area Roof Main roof hip or gable with interesting gable roofs 6:12 to 12:12 roof pitch 0 to 12 overhangs Architectural quality wood or asphalt shingles ore smooth flat concrete tiles Sloping curve roof line preferred Walls Stucco Windows Vertical shaped windows with bullions and simple wood 2x trim at front elevation and at highly visibility areas Single paned windows on sides and rears Stucco over foam window and door trim Curved or round top accent windows Color Whites and cool pastel earth tones Dark accents on trim and shutters Details Entry accents with real or faux stone Garage door patterns to compliment style Shutters painted to match trim Stone veneer chimney Stone and siding accents are preferred 60

19 Prairie Style Elements The Prairie Style was created by Frank Lloyd Wright in the early 1900 s to reflect the broad expanses of the American Midwest. The floor plans of the Prairie Style were open and free flowing and got away from traditional floor plans of a square room behind another square room, thus the floor plans became more organic and site responsive. One of the over riding features was the use of the massive central fireplace that the major rooms were grouped around. This style emphasizes strong horizontal planes, flat and low pitched roofs with broad overhangs. Other characteristics that reflect this style are long strips of windows at the corners with mitered corners, and tall French doors. Natural materials are used to tie the structure into it natural surroundings. 61

Form Prairie Style Elements Criteria Asymmetrical blocks arranged outward rather than inward Very horizontal in appearance Roof Roof planes

way to the other side Walls Strong emphasis on brick (horizontal) Some combination of plaster and brick Wood stick work on banding that

wall The window panes can be quite small with leaded glass Color Stucco neutral colors (tan and off white) Bricks are red, yellow or tan

20 Form Prairie Style Elements Criteria Asymmetrical blocks arranged outward rather than inward Very horizontal in appearance Roof Roof planes extend well beyond the walls 24 to 48 Usually hipped Very low pitches Ground floor roof lines continue from one side of the house all the way to the other side Walls Strong emphasis on brick (horizontal) Some combination of plaster and brick Wood stick work on banding that outlines the stucco walls Windows Placed at corners Strip of windows Casement windows are arranged in strips, sometimes taking up the entire wall The window panes can be quite small with leaded glass Color Stucco neutral colors (tan and off white) Bricks are red, yellow or tan Details Massive chimneys near the center of the house Entryway is off centered or on the side Openness and flowing floor plans Strong horizontal lines 62

21 Tuscany Style Elements This style has its traditions from the Mediterranean hill towns of Southern Europe. The Mediterranean climate is very similar to the climate of Southern California thus this style is very well suited for our surrounding environment. The Tuscany Style is really a reinterpreted and applied style of both the Spanish and Italian Hill town styles. This style generally consists of a layered composition of simple geometric forms. Many times these forms are arranged around an outside courtyard to help blend the inside and outside spaces. Various other elements such as towers, loggias, and balconies (on the second floor) are used to enliven the courtyard. All of these elements are highly detailed to take advantage of the light in this environment and create strong shadows. The careful use of color, texture of material, and the scale of material are very important to the success of this style. Dark colors are used for windows, trellises, and rafter/eave details, contrasted by mellow beiges on large smooth surfaces, which are then contrasted against forms that are completely finished with coarse natural stone or brick. This natural stone or brick is always used in a way to unify the elevation with the natural terrain. The roofs consist of terracotta tiles and have a series of ridges running in different directions to articulate the various forms. Tall windows with dark wood lintels are used with fully operational shutters to give relief to the walls of solid material. This style is a strong combination of rich materials and strong simple forms. 63

Form Tuscany Style Elements Criteria Cluster of various structures connected with loggias Tower element often incorporated Courtyards are created for outdoor living area Roof Use of red clay tile

22 Form Tuscany Style Elements Criteria Cluster of various structures connected with loggias Tower element often incorporated Courtyards are created for outdoor living area Roof Use of red clay tile Rafter tails are encouraged Low pitched gable roofs Walls Layering of building materials Stone, Brick, or Stucco Stone or Brick is used on the full height of the wall Windows Recessed from the wall Use of wood lintels and beveled wood trim is encouraged Color Earth tones Natural stone material Red/Terra Cotta Brick Details Loggia s are incorporated Trim material (brick, stone, and cast concrete) around doors Archways are used joining spaces 64

DESIGN GUIDELINES ARCHITECTURE STYLES DRAFT

DESIGN GUIDELINES ARCHITECTURE STYLES Craftsman Building mass, oriented low to the ground, is a natural extension of the ground plane One and two-story roof volumes commonly used in combination, capped