"Papermaking, Part 3: Finishing" Edited by Mikko Jokio

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Vanessa Pope
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1 Item Number: 0202FIN10 ISBN: Contents include: Calendering Reeling and winding Roll wrapping and handling Sheet finishing Chapter 1 - Calendering 1 Introduction Calendering types Hard nip calender Hard nip calendering process Hard nip calender concepts Soft calender Soft calendering process Soft calender concepts Supercalender Multi-nip calender Janus calender Prosoft calender OptiLoad calender Specialty calenders Wet stack Breaker stack Friction calender Brush finishing Long nip calenders Embossing calenders Calendering variables Plasticity of the paper Glass transition temperature Other transitions Paper and thermo roll temperature Moisture Linear load Number of nips Speed Soft roll cover Furnish Coating color formulation Roll surface roughness Calendering process application areas Wood-containing paper grades Newsprint SC paper Coated wood-containing paper grades Woodfree paper grades Woodfree uncoated papers...59 Page 1 of 7

2 4.2.2 Woodfree coated papers Board and specialty papers Coated board Uncoated board Specialty papers: Release paper Tissue papers Deflection compensated rolls in calenders The evolution Theory of deflection compensation Swimming rolls Zone-controlled rolls Mechanical design Hydrostatic loading element Floating bearings Control system CD-profile control rolls Mechanical design Control system Hydrostatic bearings Heated rolls Process and design requirements Construction Center bore rolls Displacer rolls Peripherally drilled rolls Mono-pass rolls Duo-pass rolls Tri-pass rolls Multi-pass rolls Tokuden rolls Heating mediums Roll materials Roll coverings/soft roll covers Coating materials Calender soft rolls The development of soft rolls Filled rolls today Polymer rolls today Filled rolls versus polymer rolls Other rolls Unwind and windup Unwind Windup Process control and automation Control systems Requirements and methods for calender control Machine controls Measurement of surface properties Caliper Smoothness Gloss Moisture Temperature Roll hardness Actuators for control of paper surface properties Page 2 of 7

3 Induction heating Air showers Zone-controlled rolls Zone-controlled steam showers Automatic on-line caliper control Caliper control structure for a hard nip calender CD caliper control structure for a soft calender Automatic on-line smoothness and gloss control Caliper, smoothness, and gloss control structure for a supercalender Optimizing controls Automatic grade change Coordinated speed change control Machine speed optimization control Start-up control Calendering problems Profile problems Reeling problems Poor quality development Barring problems Modeling of calendering process Introduction Processes and models Mathematical and empirical modeling approaches Mathematical modeling Empirical modeling Calender nip process Review in calendering modeling studies Considerations on calender nip mechanics The Hertz model Numerical models for calender nip Modeling the paper web behavior in calendering Compressibility of paper Heat and mass transport References Chapter 2 - Reeling and Winding 1 Introduction Reeling and winding in papermaking Winding requirements Effect of paper properties on winding Effect of winding on paper properties Reeling Process Reeling parameters Stresses inside parent reel Parent reel structure Air entrapment at reel Reeling defects Types and design Pope reel Second generation reels Reel parts Reels with lay-on roll for sensitive grades Page 3 of 7

4 3.2.5 Rereeler Production efficiency Reel handling Crane-based reel handling Reel handling on transfer rolls Reel handling with rail cart Reel storage and waste pulping Winding Problems and challenges by paper grade Newsprint Glossy grades Uncoated woodfree Coated woodfree Containerboard Cartonboard and graphical board Future trends Raw materials Papermaking and winding Roll size Two-drum winders Winder functions Automated functions Two-drum winding parameters Two-drum winders with a soft nip cover drum Two-drum winder with air relief Belt-supported winding Variable geometry winder Winding challenges of two-drum winders Multistation winders Multistation winder types used today in paper production Paper and roll size demands for winding techniques Winder automation Maximizing capacity Optimizing roll quality Controlling roll structure Optimizing winder capacity Operator interface Diagnostics Communication and information services Control system equipment Theoretical background Winding theory Practical winding tools Winding models Web spreading Spreading the machine-wide, uncut web Separating the cut webs in the two-drum winder References Chapter 3 - Roll wrapping and handling 1 Introduction Roll handling Winder area layouts Two-drum winder discharge area Page 4 of 7

5 2.1.2 Two winders side-by-side Discharge area of multi-station winders Layout considerations Vertical transportation in different layouts Roll sorting Label orientation Automated storages Automatic storage and automatic retrieval systems (AS/AR) Automatic vacuum crane storage Roll upending In-line and side-feed upenders Lowering upender Flat top conveyors for upended rolls Roll on the bilge pickup with rotating clamps Roll shipping Automatic truck loading Roll wrapping Paper roll protection Requirements for roll wrapping Impact of the paper grade Wrapping process Overlap wrapping Wrapping materials Wrapper stock Inner heads Outer heads Gluing and sealing the package Labels Stretch film Recycling the wrapping material Multi-station wrapping machines Identification and centering Indexing from station to station Wrapper feed and crimping Header press Head delivery Labeling and marking Single-station wrapping machines Stretch-wrapping machines Process management General System structure Winder and rewinder Roll tracking Intermediate (in-process) storage Wrapping Roll sorting Warehouse Shipping Reports Remote links References Chapter 4 - Sheet finishing Page 5 of 7

6 1 Introduction Sheets and sheet finishing The world's paper and board sheet production Specifications of the sheets and their raw material Sheet finished product Customer-related requirements Quality and housekeeping in the sheet finishing Raw material for the sheet finishing The effect of the winder operations Paper or board properties Handling and warehousing Other factors Sheet finishing process and machinery Sheet cutting process Unwinding Roll change and splicing Web tension control Web curl compensation Web position control Slitting Draw roll section Cross cutting unit and reject gate Overlapping Sheet piling Other processes Typical features of sheet cutting machines and factors affecting the selection of those Folio sheet cutting machines Cut size machines Guillotines Packaging of the sheets Packaging of the cut size sheets Specifications of the cut size packaging The cut size packaging lines The ream wrapping and the carton packaging of the folio sheets Specifications of the folio sheet packaging Ream wrapping and carton packaging machinery Palletizing Requirements for sheet pallet packing Pallet packaging equipment Other processes in the sheet finishing Co-processes to the sheet finishing The incoming packaging materials Re-piling and sorting Guillotine cutting operations Quality control and traceability of the products Sheet finishing broke and waste handling The creation of the sheet finishing broke Handling of broke Minimizing the amount of the broke Roll storage and the transportation of rolls to the sheet finishing plant The storage of the ready-made sheets Conditions in a sheet finishing plant The maintenance in the sheet finishing plant The effectiveness and the efficiency of the sheet finishing The capacity of the sheet finishing Page 6 of 7

7 6.1.1 The definition of the sheet cutter efficiency The construction of the sheet cutter The operational factors The effective sheet finishing production Design capacity Actual capacity The principles and problems of the production planning Folio sheet cutting Cut size The cost of the sheet finishing References Further reading Abbreviations Page 7 of 7

Curtain Coater as Air Knife Replacement

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