U.S. Cultural Movements of Early 1800s

Transcription

1 U.S. Cultural Movements of Early 1800s

2 Neoclassical architecture Revival of Greek and Roman styles US modeled itself after the Roman Republic and the democratic ideals of ancient Greece Sometimes called the Federal style in the US

3 The White House Built Burned during War of 1812, but restored by 1817 Built onto in 1824, 1829, 1901, 1927, and 1946 In 1950s, entire structure was rebuilt with a steel frame from the inside, out when it was found to be collapsing!

4 US Capitol Built Burned during War of 1812, but restored by 1819 Expanded between 1826 and 1863; small dome was added but soon replaced by the larger dome seen today

5 Monticello Built Charlottesville, VA Home of Thomas Jefferson he designed it himself Today, it is the only private home designated as a World Heritage Site by the UN

6 Alexis de Tocqueville French Author of Democracy in America Toured US for 2 years observing how democracy was creating a uniquely American culture Determined America was a society where hard work and money-making was what drove people, where commoners never deferred to their betters, and where individualism was admired

7 Noah Webster Published his first dictionary in 1806 In 1826, published his American dictionary where he provided new American spellings of English words and included thousands of distinctly American words

8 Romanticism Artistic and literary movement that advocated feeling over reason, inner spirituality over external rules, individual over society, and nature over human-made environments

9 Hudson River School of Artists American artists who focused on painting distinctly American landscapes canyons, rivers, scenes of wild, untamed frontiers Popular throughout 1800s

10 Washington Irving Wrote The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip van Winkle Usually wrote under a pseudonym Perfected the short story as a true literary artform

11 Edgar Allan Poe Master of the Macabre Wrote many poems and shortstories in the horror genre: The Raven, The Black Cat, The Cask of Amontillado, The Fall of the House of Usher, The Pit and the Pendulum, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, The Tell-Tale Heart Married his 13 year-old cousin (he was 26) but she died at 15 Died of unknown causes (known to drink heavily)

12 James Fenimore Cooper Wrote The Last of the Mohicans Wrote mostly about the frontier and relations between white settlers and Native Americans

13 Nathaniel Hawthorne Wrote The Scarlet Letter Wrote largely on man s tendency to sin, resulting in his work being called dark romanticism

14 Herman Melville Wrote Moby Dick One of the only Romantic authors to not be very popular during his own lifetime

15 Walt Whitman Free Verse Poet Best known for his work Leaves of Grass Works described as obscene in his own time because of sexual frankness, homosexual themes

16 Emily Dickinson American poet Wrote thousands of poems Obsessed with death Broke rules of poetry concerning structure, rhyme, and capitalization Famous recluse did not leave her home for the last 30 years of her life

17 Transcendentalism Literary and philosophical movement Emphasized individualism and self-reliance over religion People need to transcend (overcome) the limits of their mind to embrace beauty and truth Hated conformity and followers

18 Ralph Waldo Emerson Philosopher, lecturer, essayist, and poet Believed that all things were divine because all things were connected to God Strong belief in individualism

19 Henry David Thoreau Author of Walden and Civil Disobedience Early environmentalist Abolitionist That government is best which governs not at all Opposed taxes

20 Margaret Fuller Author Woman in the Nineteenth Century first major feminist work published in US Believed in women s rights to education and employment; wanted prison reform and an end to slavery Died in a shipwreck

21 Penny Press Mass produced daily newspapers which became affordable for common people Focused on reports of fires, crime reports, marriages, gossip, politics, local news

22 Godey s Lady s Weekly Covered poetry, literature, and art primarily from women artists Included dress patterns, sheet music First magazine to copyright its material to prevent other publications from using it

23 Atlantic Monthly 1857 Today Focused on literary and cultural trends Founded and run by famous writers of the time: Stowe, Emerson, Longfellow, etc. Has published everyone from Mark Twain to Martin Luther King

24 Harper s Weekly Featured foreign and domestic news, fiction, essays on many subjects, and humor Became famous for its political cartoons by Thomas Nast