COMPANION HISTORY OF MODERN SCIENCE

Transcription

1 COMPANION TO THE HISTORY OF MODERN SCIENCE EDITED R. C. OLBY, G. N. CANTOR, J. R. R. CHRISTIE and M. J. S. HODGE BY ROUTLEDGE LONDON AND NEW YORK

2 Preface Introduction The Editors xi xiii PART I: THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE Section IA: History of science in relation to neighbouring disciplines 1. The development of the historiography of science J. R. R. Christie 5 2. The history of science and the working scientist John R. G. Turner The history of science and the history of society Roy Porter The history of science and the philosophy of science Larry Laudan Sociological theories of scientific knowledge Barry Barnes 60 Section IB: Analytical perspectives 6. Marxism and the history of science Robert M. Young The sociology of the scientific community Trevor Pinch Feminism and the history of science J. R. R. Christie Language, discourse and science J. V. Golinski 110 V

3 Section IC: Philosophical problems I o. Continental philosophy and the history of science Gary Gutting Discovery T. Nickles Rationality, science and history Larry Briskman Realism W. H. Newton-Smith 181 PART II: SELECTED WRITINGS IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE Section IIA: Turning points 14. The Copernican revolution J. R. Ravetz The Scientific Revolution John A. Schuster Newton and natural philosophy Alan Gabbey The chemical revolution Carleton E. Petrin Laplacian physics Robert Fox Natural history, Phillip R. Sloan The history of geology, Rachel Laudan Energy Crosbie Smith Electromagnetic theory in the nineteenth century M. Norton Wise Cell theory and development Jane Maienschein Origins and species before and after Darwin M. J. S. Hodge William Wundt and the emergence of experimental psychology K. Danziger Behaviourism Roger Smith Freud and psychoanalysis Raymond E. Fancher 425 vi

4 28. The theory of relativity John Stachel Quantum theory Michael Redhead Classical economics and the Keynesian revolution Bill Gerrard 479 3i- From physiology to biochemistry Neil Morgan The molecular revolution in biology Robert Olby The emergence of genetics Robert Olby Cybernetics and information technology Michael S. Mahoney 537 Section IIB: Topics and interpretations 35- Aristotelian science A. George Molland The heart and blood from Vesalius to Harvey Andrew Wear Magic and science in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries John Henry Atomism and the mechanical philosophy Martin Tamny Newtonianism Simon Schaffer Physical optics G. N. Cantor Cosmology: Newton to Einstein Pierre Kerszberg Geometry and space J. J. Gray Particle science Helge Kragh The foundations of mathematics Philip Kitcher Probability and determinism, Ian Hacking The mind-body problem Robert M. Young Paradigmatic traditions in the history of anthropology George W. Stocking 712 vii

5 48. Physiology and experimental medicine John V. Pickstone Geography David N. Livingstone 743 Section IIC: Themes 50. Science and religion John Hedley Brooke Science and literature Gillian Beer Science and philosophy George Macdonald Ross The development of philosophy of science, Ernan McMullin The development of philosophy of science since 1900 M. J. S. Hodge and G. N. Cantor The classification of the sciences Nicholas Fisher Marginal science Seymour H. Mauskopf Science, alienation and oppression Robert M. Young Orthodoxies, critiques and alternatives J. R. Ravetz Nationalism and internationalism Brigitte Schroeder- Gudehus Science and imperialism Lewis Pyenson Science and war D. E. M. Edgerton Science education W. H. Brock The organisation of science and its pursuit in early modern Europe Roger L. Emerson Professionalisation J. B. Morrell Science and the public Steven Shapin Science and political ideology, Dorinda Outram 1008 viii

6 67. Natural science and social theory Theodore M. Porter 1024 The Contributors 1044 Index of names 1047 Index of subjects 1060 ix