CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
|
|
- Marcus Conley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 168 CHAPTER 7 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 7.1 OVERVIEW In the previous chapters discussed about the design and simulation of Discrete controller for ZVS Buck, Interleaved Boost, Buck-Boost, Double Frequency Buck, and SEPIC converters. In this chapter, implementation of Discrete PID controller using LabVIEW for all the above converters has been discussed. The advantages and working of this application software is also revealed and selection of semiconductor switches and various hardware circuits are explained. 7.2 OVERALL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The overall block diagram of the Digitally controlled DC-DC converter with the entire setup is illustrated in Figure 7.1. The output voltage from the DC-DC converter is compared against the desired reference voltage using comparator 1. The operational amplifier IC 741 has been used as a comparator 1. The comparator output is nothing but an error voltage V e which in turn gets corrected by the Digital compensator. The Digital compensator is obtained from the LabVIEW and the error output is fed into block diagram section of the LabVIEW through data acquisition card (DAQ) NI 6009 or NI The block diagram consists of transfer function block H(Z) in which the designed controller values are entered. Hence the error value is corrected
2 169 by this compensator, the corrected error signal V C is acquired back by DAQ card and fed into comparator 2. Comparator 2 is also designed using operational amplifier IC 741. This corrected signal V C is compared against with the carrier signal (Ramp) whose frequency is as that of the switching frequency of the converter, which is obtained from the signal generator. The resulting Pulse Width Modulated switching pulses are fed to the MOSFET of the DC-DC converter through the gate drive circuit. Figure 7.1 Block diagram of Digitally controlled DC-DC converter The following sections clearly explain all blocks such as DC-DC converter, gate drive circuit, LabVIEW section, comparator1 and comparator 2 which are shown in the overall block diagram. 7.3 DETAILED EXPLANATION OF THE BLOCKS DC-DC Converter In order to implement DC-DC converter in hardware, it requires inductors, capacitors, resistors and semiconductor switches. Suitable inductor,
3 170 capacitor and resistor have been chosen and the semiconductor switch plays a vital role in the DC-DC converter. In this portable model, IRF 840 (MOSFET) is used as a main semiconductor switch. This IRF 840 can withstand up to the drain source voltage of 500 V, gate source voltage of ± 20 V, and the drain current of 8 A with the operating temperature 25º C. Even though the MOSFET experiences higher loss than IGBT, it is preferred for the following reasons. High switching frequency Wide line and load variations dv/dt on the diode is limited High light load efficiency Suitable for Motor drives (less than 250 W), Universal input AC-DC fly back and forward converter power supplies, and Low to mid power factor corrections circuit. Diode 1N4001 has been used as supplementary switch in the hardware. It has the features of high current capability and low forward voltage drop, surge overload rating to 30 A peak and low reverse leakage current Comparator 1 Basic differential amplifier circuit is used as a comparator 1 circuit that can be made to act as a subtractor as illustrated in Figure 7.2. In this circuit all the resistor values are equal hence the output voltage is equal to the difference of input voltage. The desired reference voltage (V ref ) is given to the inverting input, and the output voltage (V 0 ) of the DC-DC converter is given to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier. If the input voltage V 0
4 171 is zero, then the comparator circuit acts as an inverting amplifier and the output voltage V e1 of the comparator is -V ref. Figure 7.2 Schematic diagram of comparator 1 V e1 = V ref R f R i = V ref (7.1) Similarly, if the input voltage V ref is zero, the comparator circuit behaves as a non-inverting amplifier with the input voltage as V 0 2 output voltage V e2 of the comparator is V 0., then the V e2 = V R f R i = V 0 (7.2) The output voltage of the comparator V e due to both inputs V ref and V 0 can be obtained as, V e = V e2 V e1 = V 0 V ref (7.3) LabVIEW Section The DC-DC converter with Discrete PID controller has been implemented using LabVIEW as a controller platform. LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Work Bench) is mainly used
5 172 as a platform for executing any closed loop system and it can be employed for the improvement of a control system. It is widely used software for evaluating the projects experimentally within a shorter duration due to its programming flexibility along with incorporated tools designed especially for testing, control and measurements. The key feature of LabVIEW is that it widely supports accessing the hardware instrumentation. The abstraction layers and drivers are offered for almost all types of instruments. The buses are also available for addition and the abstraction layers and drivers act as graphical nodes and make possible to communicate successfully with the hardware devices thereby offering standard software interfaces. This software is used to construct virtual instrumentation (VI) which consists of the front panel and a functional block diagram. Virtual instrumentation has an interactive user interface known as the front panel Front Panel Figure 7.3 Front panel for the Digitally controlled Buck converter The front panel is the interactive user interface of a VI s window through which the user acts together with the source code. The front panel
6 173 opens through which inputs pass to the executing program and receive outputs when run a VI. The front panel is essential for viewing the program outputs. The control circuit connected with the front panel is shown in Figure 7.3. Users act together with the front panel when the program is running. Users can manage the program, change inputs, and see data updated in real time. Every front panel control or indicator has a corresponding terminal on the block diagram. When a VI is run, values from the control runs through the block diagram, where they are used in the functions on the diagram, and the results are passed on to other functions or indicators through wires Graphical Block Diagram Figure 7.4 Graphical block diagram of Discrete PID controller for Buck converter The graphical block diagram consists of executable icons (called nodes) connected (or wired) together. The block diagram is the source code for the VI, and is mainly used for user communications. It is through the front panel the required transfer function of the Discrete PID controller is entered
7 174 and the equivalent parameters of the controlled process and hence the updated status of the system is obtained. The block diagram, data acquisition, transfer function and signal generation are built using the functional block diagram as illustrated in Figure 7.4. The Analog output voltage from the external circuit is obtained by Data Acquisition card and it gets converted into Discrete PID controller H(z) block. Block of H(z) is portrayed in the Figure 7.5. In order to get the Discrete transfer function of the converter, coefficients of numerator and denominator are posted in the corresponding row available in Discrete transfer function configuration block. Figure 7.5 Discrete transfer function block for Buck converter Data Acquisition An electrical and physical signal such as current, voltage, pressure, temperature or sound are measured using Data Acquisition (DAQ) cable. DAQ includes signal, sensors, actuators, signal conditioning, data acquisition
8 175 devices and application software. It processes the signals from the real world, by digitizing the signals and the data has been analysed, presented and saved. Figure 7.6 Block diagram of Data Acquisition system DAQ system block diagram is shown in Figure 7.6. It involves input/output signal, data acquisition hardware and application and driver software. The physical input/output signals are electrical signal such as voltage and current signal. The voltage signal ranges from 0-10 V, while a current signal ranges from 4-20 ma. DAQ device is used to interface between the computer and the external world. It implies the function such as Analog input, Analog output, Digital I/O and counter/timers. Among the different DAQ devices namely desktop, portable and distributed systems, portable and desktop DAQ devices are employed in this work. The NI DAQ 9221 is a desktop device with screw terminal which has a 63-terminal, detachable connector. It has multifunction data acquisition (DAQ) devices that provide plug and play connectivity to a computer for acquiring, generating and data logging in a variety of portable applications. It comprises of 8 analog inputs, ±60 V input range and 800 ks/s aggregate sampling rate. It has single ended inputs, screw terminal or D-SUB connector type and 12-bit resolution. It incorporates hot-swappable operation, overvoltage protection, and isolation. The NI DAQ 6009 is a portable USB gadget that comprises of 8 analog inputs with referenced single ended signal coupling or 4 inputs with differential coupling, 2 analog outputs, 12 bits A/D and D/A converters and 32 bits counters. There are 12 channels of Digital input/output lines which
9 176 can be used either as input or output. It eventually provides an excellent platform for the proposed Discrete PID controller. The DAQ pad NI USB is shown in Figure 7.7. Figure 7.7 NI-DAQ Pad Driver Software Driver software is used for easy communication with the hardware. It acts as a mediator between the application software and the hardware. The driver software employed as the NI - DAQmx consists of DAQ assistant that guides for configuring, testing and acquiring data for the measurement. It makes complex operation easier and faster since it is menu driven and drastically reduces the time for observing the measurements Comparator 2 The ramp signal (V ramp ), with a desired frequency of 20 KHz is applied to the non inverting terminal of the operational amplifier (op-amp) and the output from LabVIEW section known as corrected signal (V C ) is given to the inverting terminal of the op-amp through 10 KΩ potentiometer.
10 177 The schematic diagram of comparator 2 is depicted in Figure 7.8. In the given comparator circuit, ramp signal V ramp is compared against the corrected signal from the LabVIEW section (V C ). The ramp signal is greater than the corrected signal (V ramp >V C ) then the positive pulse is generated otherwise negative pulse is generated. Figure 7.8 Schematic diagram of comparator 2 Figure 7.9 Generation of PWM pulses If V L is positive, and lesser than V ramp then the turn ON pulse is generated and, if it is greater than V ramp then the turn OFF pulse is generated as shown in Figure 7.9. Similarly if V L is negative and greater than V ramp then
11 178 turn OFF pulse is generated and, if it is lesser than the V ramp then turn ON pulse is generated. In practical, certain amount of time is being taken to switch from one voltage level to another voltage level. In operational amplifier (IC 741) slew rate imposed major limitations and is equal to 0.5 V/µS. ±V Sat is limited by slew rate in the value of ±13 V, which is sufficient enough to turn ON the device called MOSFET which requires a pulse with amplitude of about 10 V to 12 V Gate Drive Circuit In a DC-DC converter, MOSFET is a semiconductor switch that acts as a main switch. It is a voltage controlled device, when applying drain source voltage, whose current starts flowing in the drain only when a certain value of voltage is applied between the gate and source terminals. MOSFET has high gain and high input impedance hence a small amount of leakage current flows from the voltage source through the gate since the gate terminal is electrically isolated from the source by a silicon oxide layer. a) In order to turn ON the MOSFET device, sufficient current is needed and hence voltage pulse is applied to a gate source terminal, which charges the input capacitance at the desired time. The MOSFET input capacitance C ISS is the sum of the capacitors formed by the metal oxide gate structure, from gate to source (C GS ) and gate to drain (C GD ). The driving voltage source impedance should be very minimum, to achieve the high transistor speeds. The required driving current and driving impedance can be obtained from the following equations : R G = t r 2.2C ISS (7.4)
12 179 I G = C ISS dv dt (7.5) Where R G is the generator impedance in Ohm, C ISS is the MOSFET input capacitance in PF, dv/dt is the rate of change of generator voltage in V/ns and t r is the MOSFET rise time in ns. b) An excessive voltage and voltage transients may damage the device hence extreme care should be taken while designing the gate drive circuit. If an excessive voltage is applied to the gate terminal, it may result in the breakdown of the oxide terminal thereby causing permanent isolation and damage. c) The gate drive circuit can be designed in such a way that it is capable of sensing and controlling the fault current. MOSFET can be turned ON and OFF by transferring the charge from the gate terminal. The gate drive circuit can be designed using operational amplifier (IC 741) in which the op-amp is designed as a voltage follower buffer and this in turn improves the slew rate and bandwidth. Gate drive circuit for MOSFET using op-amp is illustrated in the Figure Here the output from the operational amplifier drives the push-pull amplifier circuit (combination of Q 1 and Q 2 ) which in turn switches the MOSFET ON and OFF.
13 180 Figure 7.10 Gate drive circuit for MOSFET using Op-amp In the Figure 7.10, the op-amp acts as a voltage follower hence the output and input are equal (V O1 = V i ). If the input voltage (V i ) is positive, then the transistor Q1 turns ON, Q2 turns OFF, MOSFET gate receives the voltage V CC through Q1. Otherwise Q2 turns ON, Q1 turns OFF, MOSFET gate connected to the ground through Q2. R 1 and R 2 are the current limiting resistors Experimental Setup, Results and Discussion Figure 7.11 Experimental set up for Discrete controlled Buck converter
14 181 The experimental setup for Buck converter with Discrete PID controller has been implemented using LabVIEW as a controller platform is illustrated in Figure The experimental prototype and the response of the Discrete PID controlled Buck converter have been illustrated in Figure 7.11 to Figure Figure 7.12 Indication of the experimental set up Figure 7.13 Output voltage for 5V reference
15 182 Figure 7.14 Output voltage measured using CRO Experimental setup for Boost converter with Discrete controller is also depicted in Figure LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Work Bench) is a system design platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments. The experimental setup for Buck converter is developed using the values tabulated in Table 7.1. Table 7.1 Experimental values for Buck converter Description Design Values Switching frequency f S 20 KHz Input voltage V s 12 V Inductor L 15 mh Capacitor C 1 µf Load resistor R 20 Ω MOSFET S IRF 840 Diode D 1N 4001 DAQ NI 6009
16 183 Figure 7.15 Experimental set up for Discrete controlled Boost converter To evaluate the performance, the input voltage and load resistance has been varied and the corresponding output voltage is measured for the reference of 5 V is illustrated in Figures 7.16, 7.17, and In these Figures, Input voltage response is taken at one channel and the output voltage is taken at another channel. Figure 7.16 Output voltage obtained for 12 V input, R 0 = 5 Ω, and V ref = 5 V In the Figure 7.16 the input voltage and reference voltage are given as V, 5 V respectively, and the load resistance as 5 Ω whose
17 184 corresponding output voltage is measured as V. The rise time and settling time of the output voltage response is 2 ms and 5 ms respectively. It has very little overshoot and undershoot in the output voltage and the steady state error is less than 1%. Similarly in Figure 7.17, the input voltage, load resistance and reference voltage have been set at V, 10 Ω, 5 V respectively and the generated output voltage is observed to be 5.03 V. The rise time and settling time of the output voltage is 1 ms and 1.5 ms respectively. In Figure 7.18, the rise time and settling time of the output voltage are shown as 2 ms and 2.5 ms respectively for the given input voltage 10 V and load resistance 12 Ω. All the output voltage response has neither undershoot nor overshoot but have some oscillation till the response settles down, but is well within the tolerable limit. Figure 7.17 Output Voltage obtained for 14 V input, R 0 = 10Ω, and V ref = 5V
18 185 Figure 7.18 Output Voltage obtained for 10 V input, R 0 = 12 Ω, and V ref = 5 V The output voltages for the references of 5 V and 7 V along with their switching pulses are shown in Figure 7.19 and 7.20 respectively. In the experiment, the output voltage response taken at channel 2 is observed to be 5.01 V and corresponding PWM pulses with the duty cycle of 41.7 % response is taken at channel 2. Similarly in Figure 7.20, channel 1 indicates output voltage value as 7.19 V and channel 2 shows their corresponding PWM pulses with the duty cycle of 58.7 %. Figure 7.19 Duty cycle obtained for 5V reference
19 186 Figure 7.20 Duty cycle obtained for 7 V reference As illustrated in Figures, the reference voltage has been changed from 5 V to 7 V which is proportionally instantiated in duty cycle to get the output voltage at same reference level. From the output waveforms, it can be inferred that the output thus observed shows better performance thereby providing that the controller tracks the references in spite of the variation in input voltage and load resistance. 7.4 CONCLUSION The Discrete PID controller for Buck converter is implemented using LabVIEW as a control platform with DAQ device of NI USB It acts as an outstanding platform for the execution of Discrete PID controller. The error signals from the comparator are acquired by the LabVIEW software quickly and the controlled output is produced as without any time delay. Hence the rise time and settling time of the converter is very low in the order of few milli seconds only. The steady state error thus observed is very minimum and is much lesser than 2 %. No overshoot and undershoot are observed and the Buck converter with Discrete controller is capable of tracking the two different references such as 5 V and 7 V.
Lab Experiments. Boost converter (Experiment 2) Control circuit (Experiment 1) Power diode. + V g. C Power MOSFET. Load.
Lab Experiments L Power diode V g C Power MOSFET Load Boost converter (Experiment 2) V ref PWM chip UC3525A Gate driver TSC427 Control circuit (Experiment 1) Adjust duty cycle D The UC3525 PWM Control
More informationChapter 3 : Closed Loop Current Mode DC\DC Boost Converter
Chapter 3 : Closed Loop Current Mode DC\DC Boost Converter 3.1 Introduction DC/DC Converter efficiently converts unregulated DC voltage to a regulated DC voltage with better efficiency and high power density.
More information6. HARDWARE PROTOTYPE AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
6. HARDWARE PROTOTYPE AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Laboratory based hardware prototype is developed for the z-source inverter based conversion set up in line with control system designed, simulated and discussed
More informationExperiment DC-DC converter
POWER ELECTRONIC LAB Experiment-7-8-9 DC-DC converter Power Electronics Lab Ali Shafique, Ijhar Khan, Dr. Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif 10/11/2015 This manual needs to be completed before the mid-term examination.
More informationDesigning and Implementing of 72V/150V Closed loop Boost Converter for Electoral Vehicle
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 77 4106, P-ISSN 347 5161 017 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Designing
More informationData acquisition and instrumentation. Data acquisition
Data acquisition and instrumentation START Lecture Sam Sadeghi Data acquisition 1 Humanistic Intelligence Body as a transducer,, data acquisition and signal processing machine Analysis of physiological
More informationML4818 Phase Modulation/Soft Switching Controller
Phase Modulation/Soft Switching Controller www.fairchildsemi.com Features Full bridge phase modulation zero voltage switching circuit with programmable ZV transition times Constant frequency operation
More informationINTEGRATED CIRCUITS. AN1221 Switched-mode drives for DC motors. Author: Lester J. Hadley, Jr.
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS Author: Lester J. Hadley, Jr. 1988 Dec Author: Lester J. Hadley, Jr. ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of integrated switched-mode controllers, generally
More informationCHAPTER 2 A SERIES PARALLEL RESONANT CONVERTER WITH OPEN LOOP CONTROL
14 CHAPTER 2 A SERIES PARALLEL RESONANT CONVERTER WITH OPEN LOOP CONTROL 2.1 INTRODUCTION Power electronics devices have many advantages over the traditional power devices in many aspects such as converting
More informationCHAPTER 2 DESIGN AND MODELING OF POSITIVE BUCK BOOST CONVERTER WITH CASCADED BUCK BOOST CONVERTER
17 CHAPTER 2 DESIGN AND MODELING OF POSITIVE BUCK BOOST CONVERTER WITH CASCADED BUCK BOOST CONVERTER 2.1 GENERAL Designing an efficient DC to DC buck-boost converter is very much important for many real-time
More informationDifference between BJTs and FETs. Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFET)
Difference between BJTs and FETs Transistors can be categorized according to their structure, and two of the more commonly known transistor structures, are the BJT and FET. The comparison between BJTs
More informationMICROCONTROLLER BASED BOOST PID MUNAJAH BINTI MOHD RUBAEE
MICROCONTROLLER BASED BOOST PID MUNAJAH BINTI MOHD RUBAEE This thesis is submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering (Power System) Faculty of
More informationLecture 4 ECEN 4517/5517
Lecture 4 ECEN 4517/5517 Experiment 3 weeks 2 and 3: interleaved flyback and feedback loop Battery 12 VDC HVDC: 120-200 VDC DC-DC converter Isolated flyback DC-AC inverter H-bridge v ac AC load 120 Vrms
More informationPHYS 536 The Golden Rules of Op Amps. Characteristics of an Ideal Op Amp
PHYS 536 The Golden Rules of Op Amps Introduction The purpose of this experiment is to illustrate the golden rules of negative feedback for a variety of circuits. These concepts permit you to create and
More informationOp Amp Booster Designs
Op Amp Booster Designs Although modern integrated circuit operational amplifiers ease linear circuit design, IC processing limits amplifier output power. Many applications, however, require substantially
More informationEUP V/12V Synchronous Buck PWM Controller DESCRIPTION FEATURES APPLICATIONS. Typical Application Circuit. 1
5V/12V Synchronous Buck PWM Controller DESCRIPTION The is a high efficiency, fixed 300kHz frequency, voltage mode, synchronous PWM controller. The device drives two low cost N-channel MOSFETs and is designed
More informationAbout the Tutorial. Audience. Prerequisites. Copyright & Disclaimer. Linear Integrated Circuits Applications
About the Tutorial Linear Integrated Circuits are solid state analog devices that can operate over a continuous range of input signals. Theoretically, they are characterized by an infinite number of operating
More informationChapter 3 HARD SWITCHED PUSH-PULL TOPOLOGY
35 Chapter 3 HARD SWITCHED PUSH-PULL TOPOLOGY S.No. Name of the Sub-Title Page No. 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 Single Output Push Pull Converter 36 3.3 Multi-Output Push-Pull Converter 37 3.4 Closed Loop Simulation
More informationChapter 4 SOFT SWITCHED PUSH-PULL CONVERTER WITH OUTPUT VOLTAGE DOUBLER
61 Chapter 4 SOFT SWITCHED PUSH-PULL CONVERTER WITH OUTPUT VOLTAGE DOUBLER S.No. Name of the Sub-Title Page No. 4.1 Introduction 62 4.2 Single output primary ZVS push-pull Converter 62 4.3 Multi-Output
More informationGechstudentszone.wordpress.com
8.1 Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) UNIT 8: Operational Amplifier An operational amplifier ("op-amp") is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-ended
More informationDESIGN OF COMPENSATOR FOR DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER
DESIGN OF COMPENSATOR FOR DC-DC BUCK CONVERTER RAMYA H.S, SANGEETHA.K, SHASHIREKHA.M, VARALAKSHMI.K. SUPRIYA.P, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, BNM Institute Of
More information1) Consider the circuit shown in figure below. Compute the output waveform for an input of 5kHz
) Consider the circuit shown in figure below. Compute the output waveform for an input of 5kHz Solution: a) Input is of constant amplitude of 2 V from 0 to 0. ms and 2 V from 0. ms to 0.2 ms. The output
More informationOPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER PREPARED BY, PROF. CHIRAG H. RAVAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR NIRMA UNIVRSITY
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER PREPARED BY, PROF. CHIRAG H. RAVAL ASSISTANT PROFESSOR NIRMA UNIVRSITY INTRODUCTION Op-Amp means Operational Amplifier. Operational stands for mathematical operation like addition,
More informationINTEGRATED CIRCUITS. AN109 Microprocessor-compatible DACs Dec
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 1988 Dec DAC products are designed to convert a digital code to an analog signal. Since a common source of digital signals is the data bus of a microprocessor, DAC circuits that are
More information18 N Amps, 500 Volts N-CHANNEL MOSFET. Power MOSFET DESCRIPTION FEATURES SYMBOL
Power MOSFET 8 Amps, 500 Volts NCHANNEL MOSFET DESCRIPTION The YR 8N50 are NChannel enhancement mode power field effect transistors (MOSFET) which are produced using YR s proprietary,planar stripe, DMOS
More informationDesign and Hardware Implementation of L-Type Resonant Step Down DC-DC Converter using Zero Current Switching Technique
Design and Hardware Implementation of L-Type Resonant Step Down DC-DC Converter using Zero Current Switching Technique Mouliswara Rao. R Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, AITAM, Tekkali, Andhra Pradesh,
More informationTesting and Stabilizing Feedback Loops in Today s Power Supplies
Keywords Venable, frequency response analyzer, impedance, injection transformer, oscillator, feedback loop, Bode Plot, power supply design, open loop transfer function, voltage loop gain, error amplifier,
More informationCHAPTER 3 MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM BASED MPPT FOR STANDALONE PV SYSTEM
60 CHAPTER 3 MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM BASED MPPT FOR STANDALONE PV SYSTEM 3.1 INTRODUCTION Literature reports voluminous research to improve the PV power system efficiency through material development,
More informationFast IC Power Transistor with Thermal Protection
Fast IC Power Transistor with Thermal Protection Introduction Overload protection is perhaps most necessary in power circuitry. This is shown by recent trends in power transistor technology. Safe-area,
More informationUNIT I. Operational Amplifiers
UNIT I Operational Amplifiers Operational Amplifier: The operational amplifier is a direct-coupled high gain amplifier. It is a versatile multi-terminal device that can be used to amplify dc as well as
More informationQuestion Paper Code: 21398
Reg. No. : Question Paper Code: 21398 B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY/JUNE 2013 Fourth Semester Electrical and Electronics Engineering EE2254 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND APPLICATIONS (Regulation
More information6. Explain control characteristics of GTO, MCT, SITH with the help of waveforms and circuit diagrams.
POWER ELECTRONICS QUESTION BANK Unit 1: Introduction 1. Explain the control characteristics of SCR and GTO with circuit diagrams, and waveforms of control signal and output voltage. 2. Explain the different
More informationGENERATION OF SIGNALS USING LABVIEW FOR MAGNETIC COILS WITH POWER AMPLIFIERS
GENERATION OF SIGNALS USING LABVIEW FOR MAGNETIC COILS WITH POWER AMPLIFIERS Ashmi G V 1, Meena M S 2 1 ER&DCI-IT, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Thiruvananthapuram(India) 2 LAMP Group,
More informationPB63 PB63A. Dual Power Booster Amplifier PB63
Dual Power Booster Amplifier A FEATURES Wide Supply Range ± V to ±75 V High Output Current Up to 2 A Continuous Programmable Gain High Slew Rate 1 V/µs Typical Programmable Output Current Limit High Power
More informationLINEAR IC APPLICATIONS
1 B.Tech III Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 1 (a) Why is R e in an emitter-coupled differential amplifier replaced by a constant current source? (b)
More informationChapter 1: Introduction
1.1. Introduction to power processing 1.2. Some applications of power electronics 1.3. Elements of power electronics Summary of the course 2 1.1 Introduction to Power Processing Power input Switching converter
More informationDesign Document. Analog PWM Amplifier. Reference: DD00004
Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1406 W. Green St. Urbana, IL 61801 Design Document
More informationC H A P T E R 02. Operational Amplifiers
C H A P T E R 02 Operational Amplifiers The Op-amp Figure 2.1 Circuit symbol for the op amp. Figure 2.2 The op amp shown connected to dc power supplies. The Ideal Op-amp 1. Infinite input impedance 2.
More information4.5V to 32V Input High Current LED Driver IC For Buck or Buck-Boost Topology CN5816. Features: SHDN COMP OVP CSP CSN
4.5V to 32V Input High Current LED Driver IC For Buck or Buck-Boost Topology CN5816 General Description: The CN5816 is a current mode fixed-frequency PWM controller for high current LED applications. The
More informationIRF130, IRF131, IRF132, IRF133
October 1997 SEMICONDUCTOR IRF13, IRF131, IRF132, IRF133 12A and 14A, 8V and 1V,.16 and.23 Ohm, N-Channel Power MOSFETs Features Description 12A and 14A, 8V and 1V r DS(ON) =.16Ω and.23ω Single Pulse Avalanche
More informationLED Driver Specifications
Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Reference Designs > Automotive > APP 4452 Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Reference Designs > Display Drivers > APP 4452 Maxim > Design Support
More informationConstant Current Control for DC-DC Converters
Constant Current Control for DC-DC Converters Introduction...1 Theory of Operation...1 Power Limitations...1 Voltage Loop Stability...2 Current Loop Compensation...3 Current Control Example...5 Battery
More informationLab 12 Laboratory 12 Data Acquisition Required Special Equipment: 12.1 Objectives 12.2 Introduction 12.3 A/D basics
Laboratory 12 Data Acquisition Required Special Equipment: Computer with LabView Software National Instruments USB 6009 Data Acquisition Card 12.1 Objectives This lab demonstrates the basic principals
More informationREFERENCE DESIGN 4669 INCLUDES:
Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Reference Designs > Display Drivers > APP 4669 Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Reference Designs > LED Lighting > APP 4669 Maxim > Design Support
More information4.2.2 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)
4.2.2 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) The Metal Oxide Semitonductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) has two modes of operation, the depletion mode, and the enhancement mode.
More informationACT111A. 4.8V to 30V Input, 1.5A LED Driver with Dimming Control GENERAL DESCRIPTION FEATURES APPLICATIONS TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
4.8V to 30V Input, 1.5A LED Driver with Dimming Control FEATURES Up to 92% Efficiency Wide 4.8V to 30V Input Voltage Range 100mV Low Feedback Voltage 1.5A High Output Capacity PWM Dimming 10kHz Maximum
More informationLab 2A: Introduction to Sensing and Data Acquisition
Lab 2A: Introduction to Sensing and Data Acquisition Prof. R.G. Longoria Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin June 12, 2014 1 Lab 2A 2 Sensors 3 DAQ 4 Experimentation
More informationDifferential Amplifiers
Differential Amplifiers Benefits of Differential Signal Processing The Benefits Become Apparent when Trying to get the Most Speed and/or Resolution out of a Design Avoid Grounding/Return Noise Problems
More informationDUAL ULTRA MICROPOWER RAIL-TO-RAIL CMOS OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER
ADVANCED LINEAR DEVICES, INC. ALD276A/ALD276B ALD276 DUAL ULTRA MICROPOWER RAILTORAIL CMOS OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER GENERAL DESCRIPTION The ALD276 is a dual monolithic CMOS micropower high slewrate operational
More informationDept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering. Inverting and non inverting amplifier
Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Inverting and non inverting amplifier Purpose of this lab Build an inverting and a non inverting amplifier based on a TL081 op amp - use the NI
More informationSTUDIES ON WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS WITH DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS *
STUDIES ON WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS WITH DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS * B. LOGOFĂTU, M. MUNTEANU, M. LOGOFĂTU ODL CREDIS Department, University of Bucharest, Romania E-mail: logofatu@credis.ro, mariusmc@credis.ro
More informationChapter 6 ACTIVE CLAMP ZVS FLYBACK CONVERTER WITH OUTPUT VOLTAGE DOULER
185 Chapter 6 ACTIVE CLAMP ZVS FLYBACK CONVERTER WITH OUTPUT VOLTAGE DOULER S. No. Name of the Sub-Title Page No. 6.1 Introduction 186 6.2 Single output Active Clamped ZVS Flyback Converter 186 6.3 Active
More informationCHAPTER 6 INPUT VOLATGE REGULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS IN PV SYSTEM
CHAPTER 6 INPUT VOLATGE REGULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS IN PV SYSTEM 6. INTRODUCTION The DC-DC Cuk converter is used as an interface between the PV array and the load,
More informationDLVP A OPERATOR S MANUAL
DLVP-50-300-3000A OPERATOR S MANUAL DYNALOAD DIVISION 36 NEWBURGH RD. HACKETTSTOWN, NJ 07840 PHONE (908) 850-5088 FAX (908) 908-0679 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...3 SPECIFICATIONS...5 MODE SELECTOR
More informationTL082 Wide Bandwidth Dual JFET Input Operational Amplifier
TL082 Wide Bandwidth Dual JFET Input Operational Amplifier General Description These devices are low cost, high speed, dual JFET input operational amplifiers with an internally trimmed input offset voltage
More informationFeatures. Symbol JEDEC TO-204AA GATE (PIN 1)
Semiconductor BUZB Data Sheet October 998 File Number 9. [ /Title (BUZ B) /Subject A, V,. hm, N- hannel ower OS- ET) /Author ) /Keyords Harris emionducor, N- hannel ower OS- ET, O- AA) /Creator ) /DOCIN
More informationCHAPTER 6 DIGITAL CIRCUIT DESIGN USING SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR LOGIC
94 CHAPTER 6 DIGITAL CIRCUIT DESIGN USING SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR LOGIC 6.1 INTRODUCTION The semiconductor digital circuits began with the Resistor Diode Logic (RDL) which was smaller in size, faster
More informationCHAPTER 3 APPLICATION OF THE CIRCUIT MODEL FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM
63 CHAPTER 3 APPLICATION OF THE CIRCUIT MODEL FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM 3.1 INTRODUCTION The power output of the PV module varies with the irradiation and the temperature and the output
More informationLM2900 LM3900 LM3301 Quad Amplifiers
LM2900 LM3900 LM3301 Quad Amplifiers General Description The LM2900 series consists of four independent dual input internally compensated amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate off of a
More informationKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. Department of Electrical Engineering
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Department of Electrical Engineering AN OPEN LOOP RATIONAL SPEED CONTROL OF COOLING FAN UNDER VARYING TEMPERATURE Done By: Al-Hajjaj, Muhammad Supervised
More informationHomework Assignment 03
Homework Assignment 03 Question 1 (Short Takes), 2 points each unless otherwise noted. 1. Two 0.68 μf capacitors are connected in series across a 10 khz sine wave signal source. The total capacitive reactance
More informationHA Features. 650ns Precision Sample and Hold Amplifier. Applications. Functional Diagram. Ordering Information. Pinout
HA-50 Data Sheet June 200 FN2858.5 650ns Precision Sample and Hold Amplifier The HA-50 is a very fast sample and hold amplifier designed primarily for use with high speed A/D converters. It utilizes the
More informationCURRENT MODE PWM CONTROLLER LM3842A/3A/4A/5A
CURRENT MODE PWM CONTROLLER LMA/A/A/5A FEATURES SOP/ DIP PIN Configulation Automatic feed forward compensation Optimized for offline converter Double pulse suppression Current mode operation to 500 KHz
More informationDigital Control Technologies for Switching Power Converters
Digital Control Technologies for Switching Power Converters April 3, 2012 Dr. Yan-Fei Liu, Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Queen s University, Kingston, ON, Canada yanfei.liu@queensu.ca
More informationLABORATORY 7 v2 BOOST CONVERTER
University of California Berkeley Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences EECS 100, Professor Bernhard Boser LABORATORY 7 v2 BOOST CONVERTER In many situations circuits require a different
More informationV-LAB COMPUTER INTERFACED TRAINING SET
is an important tool for Vocational Education with it s built-in measurement units and signal generators that are interfaced with computer for control and measurement. is a device for real-time measurement
More informationDESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN PID CONTROLLED EFFICIENT BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER USING INTERLEAVED TOPOLOGY
Student Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Issue No. 1, Vol. 1, 2015 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN PID CONTROLLED EFFICIENT BUCK-BOOST CONVERTER USING INTERLEAVED TOPOLOGY Santhanagopalan.A,
More informationLF353 Wide Bandwidth Dual JFET Input Operational Amplifier
LF353 Wide Bandwidth Dual JFET Input Operational Amplifier General Description These devices are low cost, high speed, dual JFET input operational amplifiers with an internally trimmed input offset voltage
More informationIntroduction to Analog Interfacing. ECE/CS 5780/6780: Embedded System Design. Various Op Amps. Ideal Op Amps
Introduction to Analog Interfacing ECE/CS 5780/6780: Embedded System Design Scott R. Little Lecture 19: Operational Amplifiers Most embedded systems include components that measure and/or control real-world
More informationUniversal Input Switchmode Controller
Universal Input Switchmode Controller Si9120 FEATURES 10- to 0- Input Range Current-Mode Control 12-mA Output Drive Internal Start-Up Circuit Internal Oscillator (1 MHz) and DESCRIPTION The Si9120 is a
More information8N Amps, 600/650 Volts N-CHANNEL POWER MOSFET 8N60 MOSFET N 600V 7.5A 1,2 OHM. Power MOSFET. DESCRIPTION FEATURES
MOSFET N 6V 7.5A,2 OHM 8N6 7.5 Amps,6/65 Volts N-CHANNEL POWER MOSFET DESCRIPTION The UTC 8N6 is a high voltage and high current power MOSFET, designed to have better characteristics, such as fast switching
More information3-PHASE BRIDGE DRIVER
Data Sheet No. PD-6.33E IR2132 Features n Floating channel designed for bootstrap operation Fully operational to +6V Tolerant to negative transient voltage dv/dt immune n Gate drive supply range from 1
More informationAEI800L Avid extreme Liquid Cooled Inverter Module Data Sheet REV 00, March AEI800L Liquid Cooled Inverter Module Data Sheet
AEI800L Avid extreme Liquid Cooled Inverter Module REV 00, March 2016 Avid Controls Inc. 41261 Park 290 Drive, Waller, TX 77484, USA info@avidcontrolsinc.com (+1) (281) 640-8600 Page 1 of 16 Copyright
More informationLF442 Dual Low Power JFET Input Operational Amplifier
LF442 Dual Low Power JFET Input Operational Amplifier General Description The LF442 dual low power operational amplifiers provide many of the same AC characteristics as the industry standard LM1458 while
More informationDESIGN OF SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY
DESIGN OF SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY Monalisa Das 1, Dr. P.R Thakura 2 1,2 Dept.of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BIT Mesra, India ABSTRACT This paper presents the design of SMPS. The fly back
More informationCombo Hot Swap/Load Share Controller Allows the Use of Standard Power Modules in Redundant Power Systems
Combo Hot Swap/Load Share Controller Allows the Use of Standard Power Modules in Redundant Power Systems by Vladimir Ostrerov and David Soo Introduction High power, high-reliability electronics systems
More informationCA3140, CA3140A. 4.5MHz, BiMOS Operational Amplifier with MOSFET Input/Bipolar Output. Description. Features. Applications. Ordering Information
November 99 SEMICONDUCTOR CA, CAA.MHz, BiMOS Operational Amplifier with MOSFET Input/Bipolar Output Features MOSFET Input Stage - Very High Input Impedance (Z IN ) -.TΩ (Typ) - Very Low Input Current (I
More informationAn Improvement in the Virtually Isolated Transformerless Off - Line Power Supply
An Improvement in the Virtually Isolated Transformerless Off - Line Power Supply Spiros Cofinas Department of Electrotechnics and Computer Science Hellenic Naval Academy Terma Hatzikyriakou, Piraeus GREECE
More informationGOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA KARNATAKA STATE PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION EXAMINATION BOARD II YEAR PUC EXAMINATION MARCH-2013 SCHEME OF VALUATION
GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA KARNATAKA STATE PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION EXAMINATION BOARD II YEAR PUC EXAMINATION MARCH-03 SCHEME OF VALUATION Subject Code: 0 Subject: PART - A 0. What does the arrow mark indicate
More informationCHAPTER 5 CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR UPFC
90 CHAPTER 5 CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN FOR UPFC 5.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the performance comparison between a closed loop and open loop UPFC system on the aspects of power quality. The UPFC
More informationA Switched Boost Inverter Fed Three Phase Induction Motor Drive
A Switched Boost Inverter Fed Three Phase Induction Motor Drive 1 Riya Elizabeth Jose, 2 Maheswaran K. 1 P.G. student, 2 Assistant Professor 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics engineering, 1 Nehru
More informationChapter 9: Operational Amplifiers
Chapter 9: Operational Amplifiers The Operational Amplifier (or op-amp) is the ideal, simple amplifier. It is an integrated circuit (IC). An IC contains many discrete components (resistors, capacitors,
More informationCHAPTER 4 MULTI-LEVEL INVERTER BASED DVR SYSTEM
64 CHAPTER 4 MULTI-LEVEL INVERTER BASED DVR SYSTEM 4.1 INTRODUCTION Power electronic devices contribute an important part of harmonics in all kind of applications, such as power rectifiers, thyristor converters
More informationGeneralized Multilevel Current-Source PWM Inverter with No-Isolated Switching Devices
Generalized Multilevel Current-Source PWM Inverter with No-Isolated Switching Devices Suroso* (Nagaoka University of Technology), and Toshihiko Noguchi (Shizuoka University) Abstract The paper proposes
More informationOperational amplifiers
Operational amplifiers Bởi: Sy Hien Dinh INTRODUCTION Having learned the basic laws and theorems for circuit analysis, we are now ready to study an active circuit element of paramount importance: the operational
More informationSingle Supply, Rail to Rail Low Power FET-Input Op Amp AD820
a FEATURES True Single Supply Operation Output Swings Rail-to-Rail Input Voltage Range Extends Below Ground Single Supply Capability from + V to + V Dual Supply Capability from. V to 8 V Excellent Load
More informationUniversity of North Carolina-Charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECGR 3157 Electrical Engineering Design II Fall 2013
Exercise 1: PWM Modulator University of North Carolina-Charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECGR 3157 Electrical Engineering Design II Fall 2013 Lab 3: Power-System Components and
More informationNI 6013/6014 Family Specifications
NI 6013/6014 Family Specifications This document lists the I/O terminal summary and specifications for the NI 6013/6014 family of devices. This family includes the following devices: NI PCI-6013 NI PCI-6014
More informationMicrel, Inc Fortune Drive San Jose, CA USA tel + 1 (408) fax + 1 (408)
Application Note 34 Fan Health Monitoring and the MIC502 by Applications Staff Part I: Speed Control and Locked-Rotor Detection Introduction This section presents a fan monitoring circuit that can be used
More informationPractical Testing Techniques For Modern Control Loops
VENABLE TECHNICAL PAPER # 16 Practical Testing Techniques For Modern Control Loops Abstract: New power supply designs are becoming harder to measure for gain margin and phase margin. This measurement is
More informationTL082 Wide Bandwidth Dual JFET Input Operational Amplifier
TL082 Wide Bandwidth Dual JFET Input Operational Amplifier General Description These devices are low cost, high speed, dual JFET input operational amplifiers with an internally trimmed input offset voltage
More informationIJESRT. Scientific Journal Impact Factor: (ISRA), Impact Factor: [Chakradhar et al., 3(6): June, 2014] ISSN:
IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY Development of TMS320F2810 DSP Based Bidirectional buck-boost Chopper Mr. K.S. Chakradhar *1, M.Ayesha siddiqa 2, T.Vandhana 3,
More informationDesign Note DN05009/D High Efficiency 3A Buck Regulator w/ Light Load Efficiency
DN59/D Design Note DN59/D High Efficiency 3A Buck Regulator w/ Light Load Efficiency Device Application Input Output Output Topology Voltage Voltage Current NCP317A Consumer Electronic 5V & 12V 1.V-5.V
More informationPIEZOELECTRIC TRANSFORMER FOR INTEGRATED MOSFET AND IGBT GATE DRIVER
1 PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSFORMER FOR INTEGRATED MOSFET AND IGBT GATE DRIVER Prasanna kumar N. & Dileep sagar N. prasukumar@gmail.com & dileepsagar.n@gmail.com RGMCET, NANDYAL CONTENTS I. ABSTRACT -03- II. INTRODUCTION
More informationEE 233 Circuit Theory Lab 2: Amplifiers
EE 233 Circuit Theory Lab 2: Amplifiers Table of Contents 1 Introduction... 1 2 Precautions... 1 3 Prelab Exercises... 2 3.1 LM348N Op-amp Parameters... 2 3.2 Voltage Follower Circuit Analysis... 2 3.2.1
More informationApplication Note AN-1120
Application Note AN-1120 Buffer Interface with Negative Gate Bias for Desat Protected HVICs used in High Power Applications By Marco Palma - International Rectifier Niels H. Petersen - Grundfos Table of
More informationDatasheetArchive.com. Request For Quotation
DatasheetArchive.com Request For Quotation Order the parts you need from our real-time inventory database. Simply complete a request for quotation form with your part information and a sales representative
More informationOperational Amplifiers
Basic Electronics Syllabus: Introduction to : Ideal OPAMP, Inverting and Non Inverting OPAMP circuits, OPAMP applications: voltage follower, addition, subtraction, integration, differentiation; Numerical
More informationPA94. High Voltage Power Operational Amplifiers PA94 DESCRIPTION
P r o d u c t I n n o v a t i o n FFr ro o m High Voltage Power Operational Amplifiers FEATURES HIGH VOLTAGE 900V (±450V) HIGH SLEW RATE 500V/µS HIGH OUTPUURRENT 0mA PROGRAMMABLE CURRENT LIMIT APPLICATIONS
More informationCurrent-mode PWM controller
DESCRIPTION The is available in an 8-Pin mini-dip the necessary features to implement off-line, fixed-frequency current-mode control schemes with a minimal external parts count. This technique results
More information