Recent Applications of Ultra Wideband Radar and Communications Systems
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1 Recent Applications of Ultra Wideband Radar and Communications Systems Dr. Robert J. Fontana, President Multispectral Solutions, Inc. Gaithersburg, Maryland USA EuroEM 2000_Applications-1
2 Multispectral Solutions, Inc. Small U.S. Business (Incorporated in 1989) Specializes in the development of custom solutions for communications and high resolution radar Core expertise in high-speed digital & wideband RF Industry Leader in Rapidly Emerging UWB Technology 34 new UWB program awards in past 11 years 29 UWB awards within last 5 years Ultra Wideband Systems Satellite Systems High-Speed Parallel Systems EuroEM 2000_Applications-2
3 What is Ultra Wideband? Developed as outcome of time-domain electromagnetics work Ross (1962) Originally referred to as baseband, carrier-free, or impulse Earliest applications in high resolution radar Large fractional bandwidth waveforms Typically a few cycles of an RF carrier Numerous techniques for UWB waveform generation Direct impulse excitation of antenna Spectrally filtered approaches Direct Impulse UWB Spectrally Filtered UWB 0 Hz 3 GHz 1 GHz 2 GHz EuroEM 2000_Applications-3
4 Ultra Wideband Advantages Extremely difficult to intercept Short pulse excitation generates wideband spectra low energy densities Low energy density also minimizes interference to other services Multipath immunity Time-gated detector can excise delayed returns time separation Commonality of signal generation and processing architectures Communications LPI/D, High Data Rates, Multipath Tolerance Radar Inherent high precision sub-centimeter ranging Wideband excitation for detection of complex, low RCS targets Geolocation/Positioning Sub-centimeter resolution using pulse leading edge detection Low Cost Nearly all-digital architecture ideal for microminiaturization into a chipset Frequency diversity with minimal hardware modifications EuroEM 2000_Applications-4
5 UWB Applications Military/Government Tactical Handheld & Network LPI/D Radios Non-LOS LPI/D Groundwave Communications LPI/D Altimeter/Obstacle Avoidance Radar Tags Intrusion Detection Radars Precision Geolocation Systems UAV/UGV Datalinks Proximity Fuzes LPI/D Wireless Intercom Systems Commercial High Speed (20+ Mb/s) WLANs Altimeter/Obstacle Avoidance Radars (commercial aviation) Collision Avoidance Sensors Tags (Intelligent Transportation Systems, Electronic Signs, Smart Appliances) Intrusion Detection Radars Precision Geolocation Systems Industrial RF Monitoring Systems EuroEM 2000_Applications-5
6 2010 UWB Technology Development UWB has a long history of development 2000 MSSI 34 UWB development programs for Government & military (1994-present) 1994 First UNCLASSIFIED UWB communications programs OSD/DARPA Assessment of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Technology 1986 Ross/Fontana First fielded short pulse UWB Communications system 1984 Ross/Fontana collaboration on UWB communications systems development (MSSI/ANRO) Bennett & Ross Time-Domain Electromagnetics and Its Applications Seminal paper on UWB 1978 Ross et al. First demonstrated (free space) UWB communications system 1974 Morey Fundamental patent on UWB ground penetrating radar U.S. Patent No. 3,806, Ross Fundamental patent on UWB communications U.S. Patent No. 3,728, Robbins Fundamental patent for UWB single-pulse detector U.S. Patent No. 3,662, G. Ross Sperry Research development of UWB technology ( ) 1963 G. Ross Ph.D. thesis in time-domain electromagnetics Late 1950 s Need for impulse response analysis of microwave N-ports (Lincoln Lab, Sperry, others) 1950 EuroEM 2000_Applications-6
7 UWB Communications Ultra Wideband Handheld Radios 27% Fractional BW LPI/D digital voice/data radio Full duplex Packet burst, CSMA-CD 128 kb/s (CVSD voice), kb/s (data) 1W peak 400 MHz instantaneous bandwidth Unique, spectrally shaped waveform design L-band center frequency 27% fractional BW (IBW/fo) Range 1-2 km with low profile, omni antennas Multiple mile performance with higher gain antennas EuroEM 2000_Applications-7
8 UWB Communications Ultra Wideband Ad Hoc Network Radios MBITR Wideband Antenna Serial UWB UHF Transceiver Network Processing Unit Crypto Interface Microcontroller High-Speed Data Interface Ethernet Voice/Data Front Panel Display & Keypad Application Computer Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) radio Multi-node, multi-hop Frequency-division multiplex/time-division multiple access Rockwell-Collins Orthogonal Domain Multiple Access (ODMA) Type 1 encryption Racal Multiband Inter/Intra Team Radio (MBITR) interface 128 kb/s voice, kb/s data Mb/s (T1) virtual channel 10W peak, > 20% fractional BW (VHF/UHF) Range 1-2 km (node-to-node) with low profile, omni antennas EuroEM 2000_Applications-8
9 UWB Communications High-speed Ultra Wideband Radios LPI/D command & control uplink and video downlink for UAVs and ground robots Full duplex TDMA packet burst C&C uplink (115.2 kb/s) Video downlink (1-25 Mb/s compressed) 2W peak 400 MHz instantaneous bandwidth Spectrally shaped waveform design L-band center frequency C-band version also developed 27% fractional BW (IBW/fo) Range Up to 5 miles LOS, omni antennas EuroEM 2000_Applications-9
10 UWB Communications Ultra Wideband Groundwave Radios 40% Fractional BW Non-LOS radio using surface/ground wave propagation Half duplex 128 kb/s (CVSD voice), kb/s (data) 10-35W, low VHF (30-45 MHz) 40% Fractional BW Relay mode (packet forwarding) Range 10+ miles depending upon terrain with omni (vertical polarization) antennas Performance function of ground permittivity & conductivity Improved performance over sea water 0 Hz 100 MHz EuroEM 2000_Applications-10
11 UWB Communications Ultra Wideband Tags UWB tag for detection and identification of problem drivers Vehicle-to-roadside communications of driver & vehicle information (image, data) 0.2W peak, 400 MHz instantaneous BW Spectrally shaped waveform design L-band center frequency 27% fractional BW kb/s packet burst mode Range 800 range in high multipath environment (line-of-sight) EuroEM 2000_Applications-11
12 UWB Localization Ultra Wideband Precision Geolocation D position from time-of-flight measurements UWB Rover with multiple UWB Beacons 4W peak, 400 MHz instantaneous BW Spectrally shaped waveform design L-band center frequency 27% fractional BW Packet burst, 100 updates/second Leading edge detector for sub-foot resolution Range Up to 2 km outdoors Up to 300 feet indoors (5-25 db/wall attenuation) EuroEM 2000_Applications-12
13 UWB Radar UWB Altimeter & Obstacle Avoidance Radar UWB altimeter & obstacle avoidance system Spectrally shaped waveform design L-band altimeter 1.0W peak, 400 MHz instantaneous BW GHz, 27% fractional BW 25 µw average 10kpps ~5000 feet range, < 1 foot resolution C-band collision/obstacle avoidance sensor 0.25W peak, 500 MHz instantaneous BW GHz, 8.9% fractional BW 5 µw average 10kpps High sensitivity 1/4 diam. 300 EuroEM 2000_Applications-13
14 UWB Radar UWB Collision Avoidance Backup Sensor C-band UWB backup sensor 0.25W peak, 500 MHz instantaneous BW GHz, 10.8% fractional BW 5 µw average power High-speed, dual tunnel detector Range 1-50 feet against human target feet against pickup truck Clutter resistant Extremely low false alarm rate range gate cutoff 600 MHz BW 4.75 GHz 6.75 GHz Smart license plate C-band collision avoidance radar L-band tag (vehicle-tovehicle & vehicle-to-roadside) EuroEM 2000_Applications-14
15 UWB Radar UWB Intrusion Detection L-band Through-the-wall sensor 1.0W peak, 400 MHz instantaneous BW GHz, 27% fractional BW 25 µw average 10kpps feet (through wall) L-band Intrusion Sensor 4.0W peak, 400 MHz instantaneous BW GHz, 27% fractional BW 100 µw average 10kpps 1000 feet against human target EuroEM 2000_Applications-15
16 UWB Radar UWB Fuze and Collision Avoidance Radars X-band UWB fuze 0.20W peak, 4.0 GHz instantaneous BW GHz, 40% fractional BW 0.5 µw average power 6 to 6 range (by design) X-band Collision Avoidance Sensor Design for micro air vehicle applications Wideband patch antennas 4 GHz BW 7 GHz 13 GHz EuroEM 2000_Applications-16
17 MSSI UWB Technology Advances 1000 Demonstrated Data Rate (Mb/s) Range (km) EuroEM 2000_Applications-17
18 UWB Development Key areas of current interest Mobile ad hoc wireless networks Precision geolocation Low power tags Short range radar sensors UWB Research Channel coding and estimation (U.C. San Diego, University of Michigan, Northeastern University) Multi-user architectures (Northeastern University, University of North Carolina, U.C. San Diego) UWB chipset (U.C. Berkeley) UWB antennas & systems (Stanford University, ARL-UT & University of Texas, Austin) UWB Commercialization What s Next for UWB? FCC Notice for Proposed Rule Making (Modifications to FCC Part 15) EuroEM 2000_Applications-18
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