SYNOPSIS ON. Bachelor of Technology In Electronics & Communication

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SYNOPSIS ON VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM Bachelor of Technology In Electronics & Communication 2006-2007 Project Incharge : MR.ANURAG SINGHAL MRS.

1 SYNOPSIS ON VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM Bachelor of Technology In Electronics & Communication Project Incharge : MR.ANURAG SINGHAL MRS. ABHA AGGARWAL Submitted By: Amit kumar arya( ) Ashwani kumar( ) Brajesh kumar ( ) Pawan kishore( ) Department of Electronics & Communication BHARAT INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MEERUT (U.P.)

2 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that work which is being presented in the project entitled VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM submitted by Mr. AMIT KUMAR ARYA, Mr. ASHWANI KUMAR,Mr.BRAJESH KUMAR,Mr.PAWAN KISHORE student of final year B.Tech. In ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION in partial fulfillment of the requirement for award of the degree of B.Tech in ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION is a record of students work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision. As per the candidates declaration this work has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree. Dated Place: Meerut Signature of Project Guide Name: Mr. ANURAG SINGHAL Designation: LECTURER Signature of Project Incharge Signature of H.O.D

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PLATFORM USED AIM OF THE PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM WORKING OF THE PROJECT ADVANTAGES APPLICATION REFERENCE

4 Introduction

5 INTRODUCTION: We know that in today s world tracking is one of the important task as cases of theft are increasing day by day. Tracking can be done by various methods but here we are developing a vehicle tracking system. In this system we are demonstrating three land base antennas which are continuously receiving frequency from our vehicle. Whenever our vehicle enters into the antennas zone the antenna track its position and display its information on the Lcd display which tells us about the position of the vehicle. For achieving this we are placing a transmitter on our vehicle which keeps on emitting frequencies. Each antenna contains a frequency receiver which receive frequency from the vehicle all of the three base antennas are attached with a controller which is further attached with an LCD display when a particular antenna receive frequency from the vehicle it sends this information to the controller which further sends information to the LCD display and we get the information about our vehicle position.

6 Platform used

7 Hardware requirements: 1) Microcontroller AT89C51 2) LM7805 Regulator 3) Power Supply 4) Resistors 5) Capacitors 6) Transistors 7) Diode 8) LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY 9) LEDs 10) Connectors 11) RF Transmitter 12) RF Receiver Software requirements: 1) Assembler of ATMEL microcontroller series 2) PADS for PCB designing

8 AIM OF THE PROJECT

9 THE aim of this project is to design a system for tracking the vehicles using RF transmitter and receiver. This system is based on transmission and reception of radio frequency signal. radio frequency is a term that refers to alternating current (AC) having characteristics such that, if the current is input to an antenna, an electromagnetic (EM) field is generated suitable for wireless broadcasting and/or communications. These frequencies cover significant portion of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum, extending from nine kilohertz (9 khz),the lowest allocated wireless communications frequency (it's within the range of human hearing), to thousands of gigahertz(ghz).

10 Block diagram

11 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM: Power Supply MAIN DECISION UNIT Display LCD MICROCONTROLLER BASE STATION TOWER WITH HIGH FREQUENCY RECEIVER BASE STATION TOWER WITH HIGH FREQUENCY RECEIVER BASE STATION TOWER WITH HIGH FREQUENCY RECEIVER VEHICLE WITH HIGH FREQUENCY RECEIVER

12 CONTROL FLOW DIAGRAM:- Start Variable initialization Display TRACKING NO TRACK ING Yes No SEND SIGNAL FROM TOWER Contro ller Receive Data to End

13 WORKING OF THE PROJECT

14 Here we are using a radio frequency transmitter and receiver, microcontroller and LCD for the working of the vehicle tracking system. we placed a transmitter on the vehicle which continuously transmitting the radio frequency signal, three land base antennas which are continuously receiving frequency from our vehicle transmitter antenna and changing this frequency information into BCD form it forward it to the controller,controller will process this information through the code loaded in it by us and display the corresponding messages on LCD.

15 MICROCONTROLLER AT89C51 Features Compatible with MCS-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Re programmable Flash Memory Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz Three-level Program Memory Lock 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Programmable Serial Channel Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

16 DESCRIPTION The AT89C52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer 8Kbytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard 80C51 and 80C52 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a Conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful microcomputer that provides a highly flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control application. The AT89C52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full-duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode tops the CPU while allowing the RAM; timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but Freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset

18 .

19 Pin Description VCC Supply voltage. GND Ground. Port 0 Port 0 is an 8-bit open drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high impedance inputs. Port 0 can also be configured to be the multiplexed low order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode, P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification. Port 1 Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. In addition, P1.0 and P1.1 can be configured to be the timer/counter 2 external count input (P1.0/T2) and the timer/counter 2 trigger input (P1.1/T2EX), respectively, as shown in the following table. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during

20 Port 2 Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory that use 16-bit addresses DPTR). In this application, Port 2 uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification. Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the AT89C51, as shown in the following table. Port 3 also receives some control signals for Flash programming.

21 RST Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. ALE/PROG Address Latch Enable is an output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation, ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external data memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the micro controller is in external execution mode. PSEN Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89C52 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. EA/VPP External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH.

22 Note, however, that if lock bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming when 12-volt programming is selected. XTAL1 Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. XTAL2 Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. ADVANTAGES

23 The advantages of our high frequency vehicle tracking system are: Recovery of stolen vehicle. Proper positioning of cargo. Good system for tracking of field persons to know whether they are on site or not. In government public transport they can play a major role for increasing the efficiency. It can also trace if a transport vehicle is non functional and proper arrangement can be done for solving the inconvenience.

24 APPLICATION: vehicle tracking can be used in the following scenarios: Stolen Vehicle Recovery: Both consumer and commercial vehicles can be outfitted with RF or GPS units to allow police to do tracking and recovery. In the case of LoJack, the police can activate the tracking unit in the vehicle directly and follow tracking signals. Fleet Management: When managing a fleet of vehicles, knowing the real-time location of all drivers allows management to meet customer needs more efficiently. Whether it is delivery, service or other multivehicle enterprises, drivers now only need a mobile phone with telephony or Internet connection to be inexpensively tracked by and dispatched efficiently. Asset Tracking: Companies needing to track valuable assets for insurance or other monitoring purposes can now plot the real-time asset location on a map and closely monitor movement and operating status. Field Service Management: Companies with a field service workforce for services such as repair or maintenance, must be able to plan field workers time, schedule subsequent customer visits and be able to operate these departments efficiently. Vehicle tracking allows companies to quickly locate a field engineer and dispatch the closest one to meet a new customer request or provide site arrival information.

25 Field Sales: Mobile sales professionals can access real-time locations. For example, in unfamiliar areas, they can locate themselves as well as customers and prospects, get driving directions and add nearby lastminute appointments to itineraries. Benefits include increased productivity, reduced driving time and increased time spent with customers and prospects. Trailer Tracking: Haulage and Logistics companies often operate lorries with detachable load carrying units. The part of the vehicle that drives the load is know as the cab and the load carrying unit is known as the trailer. There are different types of trailer used for different applications, e.g., flat bed, refrigerated, curtain sider, box container. Law enforcement or surveillance: A tracker may be hidden on a vehicle to follow the vehicle's movements without the driver's knowledge. [1] Homeland Security: A tracking device can be used to monitor and control vehicles to improve Homeland Security. This may be in the form of tracking all vehicles in a country, or tracking specific cargoes to ensure safe transit to their destination.

26 References 1. Mazedi, The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Prentice Hall, 1 ST Edition 2. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 Microcontroller, Penram International Publishing,1996, 2 nd Edition 3. Some Websites :

Seminar Report Railway Gate Control 1. INTRODUCTION

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