Wirelessly Wonderful. Solutions for IoT test challenges. Alessandro Salsano Key Account Manager A&D 5/26/2017

Transcription

1 Wirelessly Wonderful Solutions for IoT test challenges Alessandro Salsano Key Account Manager A&D 5/26/2017

2 Agenda Major IoT Design and test challenges 1. Maximizing your device s battery life 2. Debug complex digital/analog/rf system problems 3. Speeding your device through EMC compliance 4. Speeding your device through Wireless certification 5. Preparing for IoT network deployment 2

3 5/26/2017 3

4 Connected Devices Humans 5/26/2017 4

5 Six Key IoT Design Challenges Wireless Module Selection Digital Design and Debug Maximizing Battery Life EMC and EMI Pre-Compliance Wireless Standards Pre-Compliance Interference of Things 5/26/2017 5

6 IoT Design and Test Challenge #1 Maximizing your device s battery life

7 Antenna Architecture IOT WIRELESS, PORTABLE DEVICE Microprocessor Microcontroller Sensor Power Management Radio Power Source 5/26/2017 7

8 IoT device power consumption analysis TYPICAL DEVICE POWER PROFILE Power Consumption Analysis Critical for IoT Device Design Directly translated into the success of any IoT product Characterizing an IoT device power profile is not a trivial design activity Load Current Typical Power Usage Profile Currents can be as low as hundreds of na Deep Sleep Currents range from uas to mas Sleep Assessing Battery Performance: How do I measure the very low battery currents when the device is in sleep or standby mode? How do I measure the battery current during the transmission bursts? How do I characterize total battery power consumption? How does battery current change as the battery discharges? Currents range from uas to mas Standby Time Realistic Power Usage Profile Transmit Battery Life Success IoT Device Individual pulses for Wake Up or Transmission mode can range from hundreds of ma to Amps, and can be as narrow as a couple of μs 8

9 IoT power consumption analysis Challenges and Requirements Testing Challenge Sleep Mode Ultra-Low Power Consumption (ua) Standby Mode Low Power Consumption (ma) Individual Pulses Wake Up or Transmission (100s ma - A) Accurately measuring a wide range of currents from tens of na (deep sleep mode) to hundreds of ma (active mode) Capturing transient signals that lasts only μs Monitoring and saving for long period of time Typical power testing requirements: High Accuracy for high quality characterization in wide ranges High Sample-Rate with deep memory buffer and advance triggering capability to capture waveforms over time Ease of Use: Pinch-and-zoom touchscreen interface to quickly analyze waveforms High Precision Supply: Supply clean, stable, accurate DC power (supports high accuracy measurement) 9

10 DMM7510 and Ammeter SOLUTIONS COMMON CURRENT MEASUREMENT INSTRUMENTS TODAY Scope + Voltage Probe + Sense Resistor Broad Scope + Current Probe Picoammeter Purpose DMM DMM7510 Graphical Sampling DMM Dynamic Range Low Current High Current Sample Rate BW Trigger Internal Memory Graphical Display 26 MAY 2017

11 Battery Analysis and Simulation Solutions HOW WELL DOES MY DEVICE WORK OVER THE LIFE OF THE BATTERY? Device must operate from full charge to discharge Need to account for battery characteristics Voltage falls as the battery discharges Internal resistance rises as the battery discharges Need to efficiently and repeatedly test at numerous states of the battery R INT V OC + + V T - - Model 2281S + - Product Under Test 26 MAY

12 Enhancement to the Power Consumption Analysis Solution Dynamically Simulate the Battery Test the DUT under the most realistic sourcing conditions Simulate different types of batteries based on battery models Simulate different battery conditions Avoid waiting for a battery to reach a specific condition Precisely replicate a test condition R INT V OC + + V T - - Model 2281S + - Product Under Test 12

13 Putting it All Together AN OPTIMUM SOLUTION FOR DEVICE AND BATTERY LIFE TEST Capture load current in all device states with the DMM7510 Superior sensitivity - 1pA Fast sampling - 1MS/s digitizing Deep memory 27.5 million readings Most realistic simulation of the battery with the 2281 Simulator Model accounts for changes in voltage and internal resistance Efficient and repeatable testing at any state of the battery Creation of the battery model with a 2450/2460 SMU TSP scripting makes an SMU a model generator 2450 DMM7510 Model DUT 2281 Battery Simulator 26 MAY

14 IoT Design and Test Challenge #3 Debug complex digital/analog/rf system problems

15 Wondering if your IoT device is transmitting? Use Tektronix RSA USB Spectrum Analyzer to: Verify your IoT device is transmitting Verify power level Verify frequency accuracy (*) Learn more about Real Time Spectrum Analysis on Cost from $3,890 Frequency range 9kHz to 7.5 GHz IF bandwidth 40 MHz Uses real-time spectrum analysis Powered by USB cable Signal analysis software runs on PC Basic spectrum analysis functions Numeric FFT spectrum DPX real-time spectrum (*) Spectrogram Channel Power, ACPR, CCDF Frequency mask violation detection Tracking Generator Digital modulation options for analysis of wireless standard signals WLAN, BT, LTE, 15

16 Basics of Real-Time Analysis Traditional Swept Tuned, superheterodyne Spectrum Analyzer (SA) Advantage Best suited for observing controlled, static signals High dynamic range 16 BASICS OF REAL-TIME SPECTRUM ANALYSIS MP APRIL 2015

17 Basics of Real-Time Analysis Swept Tuned Spectrum Analyzer Disadvantage Transient events that occur outside the current sweep band are missed Cannot represent the spectrum of an impulse without repetitive sweeps 17 BASICS OF REAL-TIME SPECTRUM ANALYSIS MP APRIL 2015

18 Basics of Real-Time Analysis Vector Signal Analyzer (VSA) Capture Bandwidth Post Capture Processing Modern FFT based analyzer Memory contains magnitude and phase information for modulation analysis Blind to events that occur between acquisitions Limited triggering capabilities 18 BASICS OF REAL-TIME SPECTRUM ANALYSIS MP APRIL 2015

19 Basics of Real-Time Analysis Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer (RSA) Powerful Real-Time engine in parallel Gapless spectrum computations done in hardware 19 BASICS OF REAL-TIME SPECTRUM ANALYSIS MP APRIL 2015

20 Basics of Real-Time Analysis / DPX Powerful discovery Tool to make high spectrum rates visible (Live signal view) Tektronix patented Digital Phosphor technology (DPX) Combines advantages of modern digital Displays and old phosphor coated CRTs (Persistence, Brightness) Phosphor coated CRT Temperature graded DPX display 20 BASICS OF REAL-TIME SPECTRUM ANALYSIS MP APRIL 2015

21 Basics of Real-Time Analysis / DPX RF Transform Sample Sets DFT Spectrums Pixel Histogram Temp. Grading Analog RF To Digital Conversion Discrete Fourier Transform Pixel Buffer Memory Display Color Grading Real-Time Spectrum Analysis (DFT Computation is Completed Before Next Sample Set) 1 Hz 3/6.2/15/26.5 GHz Up to 300/400 Msps Up to 3.125M Spectrums/sec Accumulate pixel count and density statistics ~30 Frame/s ADC Corrections DDC/ Decimation DPX Memory Micro- Processor DPX

22 Basics of Real-Time Analysis / DPX Example 3D bitmap with 11x10 matrix Hit count distribution after 1 update Hit count distribution after 9 updates 22 MP APRIL 2015

23 Basics of Real-Time Analysis / DPX Real-Time 3D-Bitmap / Matrix Marker density of one single cell Hit count distribution after 50 updates Meas. box avg. density

24 Tektronix USB Spectrum Analyzer Comparison RSA306B RSA500 Series RSA600 Series Category Basic High Performance High Performance Frequency Range 9 khz - 6 GHz 9 khz - 3 GHz 9 khz - 3 GHz 9 khz GHz 9 khz GHz Acquisition Bandwidth 40 MHz 40 MHz 40 MHz SFDR 60 db 70 db 70 db Amplitude Accuracy +/- 0.8 db +/- 0.5 db +/- 0.5 db Frequency Accuracy 10^6 ppm 10^6 ppm, 10^9 ppm GPS 10^6 ppm, 10^9 ppm GPS trained trained Max. Measurable Output Power + 20dBm + 30 dbm + 30 dbm Tracking Generator N/A Available as option Available as option Portability USB3.0 Powered Battery or AC Powered AC Powered Best Fit Environment Field / Lab Field / Lab Lab Popular Applications Addressed - Basic RF Design - EMI/EMC Pre-compliance and Troubleshooting - Basic WLAN Analysis - Field Interference Hunting - Coverage Mapping - Surveillance and Monitoring - Radio Network Maintenance - Advanced WLAN/Bluetooth testing - Component Characterization - Antenna Matching - RF Environment Record and Playback Weight 1.6 lbs 7 lbs 6.35 lbs Dimensions 1.3" X 5.6" X 7.5" 2.6" X 11.8" X 10.7" 3" X 14" X 8.8"

25 I/O Ports Antenna Typical IoT embedded module block diagram and common issues Antenna mismatch issues How do I know if the radio is turning on as expected? Power turn-on issues / regulation issues) Clock signal radiations may effect Wi-Fi output Crystal Monolithic Wi-Fi Module(*) DC Power VOLTAGE REGULATION Customer Application System Noise correlated with interface signal bursts RF Front End Baseband MAC Radio HW Microcontroller Clock MEMORY/DSP (ASIC, FPGA) INTERFACE BUSSES (USB, SATA, DDR, etc.) SW How do I know if the control signals are switching correctly How do I validate the integration of the software and hardware layers within the interface? (*) Certified Module doesn t mean Certified End-Product 25

26 Want to see all digital/analog and RF signals in one instrument? MDO4000C Mixed Domain Oscilloscopes 6 high performance instruments in one portable package Fast insights with reliable oscilloscope measurements Completely customizable and fully upgradeable Simultaneous synchronized capture of time and frequency domains 5/26/

27 Arbitrary/Function Generator Easy Real World Signal Replay Load, Edit, and Replay waveforms quickly 2x faster and 8x longer records than competitive offerings 1 Load acquired waveform into arbitrary edit memory Built-in waveform editor easily edits captured signals ArbExpress PC-based waveform creation and editing software, making creation of complex waveforms fast and easy. Generate or replicate complex waveforms easily 2 Edit waveform shape in scope (added glitch) 3 Replay waveform out of AFG with Noise added 26 MAY

28 Dedicated Hardware Optimized for Analog & RF Computation & Display Independent Time Correlated Record Length Computation & Display I Q DDC Memory A/D A/D A/D A/D Acquisition Control Trigger GLOBAL Block Down converter Memory A/D 10GSs 5/26/

29 Frequency Domain Time Domain Time Correlated Multi-Domain Display Analog Time The amount of time captured in the top is referred to as Analog Time The orange bar is referred to as Spectrum Time The orange bar indicates the time period for the spectrum from RF input Spectrum Time 5/26/

30 Time Correlated Multi-Domain Display Simple Radio SPI bus turns on the transmitter PLL voltage controls frequency Watch as radio turns on and changes channel 5/26/

31 Need RF receiver troubleshooting test solution? I can't find an affordable Signal generator to do a simple Receiver Sensitivity or Blocking test Receiver Pre Selection Filter LNA Filter Local Oscillator Mixer IF Filter ADC DSP System Level Integration PA DAC Transmitter Mixer I cannot identify the reasons why my radio is failing functional test 31

32 Example application RF receiver sensitivity test RF Signal Generator Tektronix TSG4k Receiver DUT ATT IF signal Tektronix TSG4k performances: Modulation Capability Amplitude range: -110 ~ +16 dbm Amplitude accuracy < ±0.6 db (output level > 10M Hz < Fc < 4 GHz) Amplitude resolution 0.01dBm Very low noise floor Modulation signal Noise floor 32

33 Example application RF receiver blocking test RF Signal Gen 1 (In-channel signal) A T T Tektronix TSG4k Receiver DUT IF signal Interference RF Signal Gen 2 (out of channel signal) Spur and/or phase noise Tektronix TSG4k Tektronix TSG4k performance: Spur/non-harmonics performance : >10K Hz offset Low phase noise : 1G Hz, 20K Hz offset Low noise floor 33

34 Design your IoT device with higher confidence under true-life signal conditions 1 Record Signal environment with RSA306 RSA306B USB Real Time Spectrum Analyzer 2 Play back recorded signal during IoT device design TSG4100A or AWG Signal Generator Stimulus 34

35 IoT Design and Test Challenge #4 Speeding your device through EMC compliance

36 EMI/EMC Definitions EMI/EMC Regulations Country/Region Industrial/Consumer Military Conducted Emissions Unwanted signals coupled to AC mains Radiated Emissions Unwanted signals broadcast from DUT Intentional Radiator Spectrum Emission Mask Power Limits Harmonic Content Susceptibility/Immunity Region dependent 36

37 EMI Testing Work Flow SCHEDULE TIME AT TESTING LAB Catch problems early Save time Help design $$$ Time consuming Report failures only Design ~90% Completed Pre-compliance Test with spectrum analyzer In House Expensive Compliance Test Test House Pass Fail Fail EMI Troubleshooting EMI Pre-Compliance testing will save time/money by identifying problem areas before they become expensive re-design issues 37

38 Setting Up A Pre-Compliance Test CONDUCTED EMISSIONS <30 MHZ Utilize a metallic surface which can be grounded Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) Pre-amp (Optional) Limiter (Optional) Make sure the instrument can accommodate gain/loss corrections Tektronix RSA306 38

39 Setting Up A Pre-Compliance Test RADIATED EMISSIONS >30 MHZ Identify an area with natural RF shielding Basements Parking garages Watch out for DAS Used to help cellular coverage Non metallic platform for DUT We need to look at 360 around DUT Tripod/pre-amp optional but recommended Tektronix RSA306 39

40 Pre-Compliance Scan Tektronix RSA306B 30 MHz 6.2 GHz 128,004 Trace Points ~ 7s (CISPR Peak) Shaded area = limit Auto ID limit failures 5/26/

41 Pre-Compliance Scan Path Loss/Gain Compensate for path gain/loss Be careful of antenna factor vs gain/loss Up to 3 different tables at one time 5/26/

42 De-Bugging EMI Issues NEAR FIELD PROBING E-Field Stub High voltage, low current source Max sensitivity perpendicular to source H-Field Loop Low voltage, high current source Max sensitivity parallel to source Isolate sources of energy Measure relative changes Be Careful 42

43 IoT Design and Test Challenge #5 Speeding your device through wireless certification

44 Wireless standards certification Wireless standard certification is what allows to print a wireless standard s certified logo on a product Many RF modules available that are pre-certified. But a pre-certified RF module doesn t guarantee a certified boxed product Even small deviations from reference designs can cause failures Changes to the RF path can put you at risk How your software interacts with the module may affect Software Hardware compliance. Network Application Software Driver Host Processor Wi-Fi Chipset Typical Wi-Fi Enabled Device 44

45 Protocol compliance: WiFi case WiFi Alliance Industry agreed requirements Protocol conformance Inter-operability Security Applications & services 45

46 Spectrum Emission Mask Measure with DUT directly connected to spectrum analyzer No antenna! Mask is relative on-channel power EUT is in operational state Must be able to check all modes of operation Must be able to operate on all frequencies 5/26/

47 Example: Spectrum Emission Mask RSA306 (40 MHz RT BW) Gated Spectrum Emission Mask Integrated Channel Power 5/26/

48 Using Tektronix s wireless standard pre-certification solution USB Spectrum Analyzer SignalVu-PC VSA Software - Bluetooth pre-certification - WLAN pre-certification Tektronix RSA306B Tektronix RSA600A - + Digital modulation analysis for RFID, ZigBee, etc. RF Isolation Box 48

49 Wireless transceiver pre-certification in SignalVu-PC WLAN pre-certification Test (IEEE a/b/g/n/ac) Bluetooth pre-certification Test (Low Energy, Basic Rate, and Enhanced Data Rate ) 49

50 IoT Design and Test Challenge #6 Preparing for IoT network deployment

51 Your IoT device is not alone out there Bluetooth signal Microwave oven Wi-Fi signal Tektronix RSA306B Verify the noise level in your IoT device s frequency band Light and high performance! Fits in your pocket Tektronix RSA500A Solves your toughest interference problems and Puts a 1 kg PC in your hands instead of a 3 kg spectrum analyzer 51

52 Deployment of long range low data rate IoT networks Long range low data rate IoT network operators require outdoor mapping of measurements in order to validate operation frequency bands Hunt indoor interference Use SignalVu-PC mapping Option to Locate transmitters test signal quality/coverage 52

53 IoT Instruments of Tektronix PORTFOLIO SUMMARY Signal Analyzers Mixed Domain Scope Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Vector Signal Analysis Software Wireless modulation analysis MDO4000 series RSA306, RSA500, RSA600 SignalVu-PC Bluetooth, WiFi, Zigbee, etc. Signal Generators RF Signal Generator TSG4100 series AWG4k/ 5k Graphical Sampling DMM High Precision Power Supply Battery Simulator DC Power DMM S 2281S 2450 (SMU) to create battery model Right size your IoT device test budget without compromising performance 5/26/

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