Modeling of Inverter Fed Five Phase Induction Motor using V/f Control Technique

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1 Interntionl Journl of Current Engineering nd Technology E-ISSN , P-ISSN INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Avilble t Reserch Article Modeling of Inverter Fed Five Phse Induction Motor using /f Control Technique Plk Shrm *, Mnish Kurwle nd Gnesh Brve Deprtment of Electricl Engineering, RTMNU, RGCER,Ngpur,Indi MSEDCL, Wshim,Mhrshtr,Indi Accepted 24 My 201, Avilble online 27 My 201, ol., No.3 (June 201) Abstrct Multiphse rible-speed motor ivers hve substntilly grown with the dvncement in power electronics in the beginning of this century. Reference frme theory concept is used for nlis & performnce of five phse induction mchine. Trditionlly three phse supply is produced nd therefore Multiphse inverter is used to provide multiphse supply for multiphse supply. Simultion model of five phse induction mchine in dqxyo xis bsed on mthemticl modeling & it s controlling using /f Control Technique is modeled using simpower stem block-set of Mtlb/simulink. Spwm Technique is used to generte the pulses for the inverter. Keywor: Inverter, Spwm Technique, Five phse Induction Motor, /f Control. 1. Introduction 1 Induction Mchine re one of the most frequently used mchine in industries due its relibility, low cost, high efficiency, low mintennce, ruggedness. The dvent of chep & fst switching power electronics devices induction mchine hs become esier & flexible lso the number of phses of mchine hs become design prmeter (AtifIqbl,2010). Multi-Phse Mchines re AC mchines chrcterized by sttor winding composed of generic number of phses. Multiphse mchine hs severl dvntges over the trditionl three phse mchine such s reducing the mplitude, incresing the frequency of torque pulstion, reducing the rotor hrmonic, high fult tolernce nd higher relibility (E.Levi,2007). Erlier multiphse motor were not used widely becuse of the wbck tht the supply for the multi phse motor ws not vilble. Advncement in Power Electronics hs incresed the interest in Multi-phse mchine tremendously s high power electronic devices re used s switch in voltge source inverter (SI). The multiphse ive hs specil pplictions where high relibility is demnded such s locomotive trction, electric/hybrid vehicles, high power industril ppliction, electric energy genertion, electric ship propulsion (AtifIqbl,2010). In this pper mthemticl modeling of five phse induction motor in rotting reference frme is crried out & its speed control using /f Control strtegies is described. *Corresponding uthor: Plk Shrm; Gnesh Brve is working s Assistnt Engineer 2. Motor Drive Control Scheme A simplified scheme of /f controlled five phse induction motor is represented in fig 1,block minly consist of dc source, inverter, five phse induction motor, close loop v/f control. Principl behind this control scheme is to keep flux constnt under ll operting condition. The speed loop error is given to PI controller & limiter to limit the error to which is dded the motor speed so s to obtin required speed signl to generte the frequency commnd nd corresponding voltge commnd which is given to the inverter to implement /f scheme. We ref - PI Controller Limiter 1789 Interntionl Journl of Current Engineering nd Technology, ol., No.3 (June 201) wr 1/ 2pi / F Inverter Speed Sensor Fig.1/f control Scheme for five phse induction motor 3. Induction Motor Model Theory of electricl mchine provides sufficient men to del with mthemticl representtion of induction motor with number of phses on both sttor nd rotor. Three phse mchine re normlly designed with distributed sttor winding tht gives nerly sinusoidl mgneto-motive force distribution which is supplied IM

2 Modeling of Inverter Fed Five Phse Induction Motor using /f Control Technique with sinusoidl current, however the sptil MMF distribution is never perfect sinusoidl nd hs some sptil hrmonics. Multiphse mchine shows more verstility in this respect s nerly sinusoidl MMF distribution requires use of more thn one slot per pole per phse. For five phse four pole mchine it requires minimum of 40 slots for this purpose (AtifIqbl,2010). In five phse induction mchine model, it is ssumed tht the mchine winding re sinusoidlly distributed nd the flux pth is liner (Hmid A. Toliyt,1998). The mchine equtions re trnsformed into n rbitrry frme of reference rotting t ngulr speed. The dynmic eqution of five phse induction motor is shown below: cos cos cos cos cos q sin sin sin sin sin d b x cos cos cos cos cos c y d sin sin sin sin sin 0 e R i R i s s R i s R i s p p p p 0s Rsi0s p 0s v v (1) (2) R i r R i r R i r R i r p p p p 0r Rri0r p 0r (3) Eq-2 gives the sttor side voltge while Eq-3 gives the rotor side eqution. Lls Lm i Lmi Lls Lm i Lmi L i ls L i ls i (4) 0 s Lls 0 s Eq-4 gives the flux eqution of sttor side of five phse Llr Lm i Lmi Llr Lm i Lmi L i lr L i lr i () 0 r Llr 0 r Eq- gives the flux eqution of rotor side of five phse From the bove equtions, the torque nd rotor speed cn be determined s: P 1 Te i 2 2 w P b i 1790 Interntionl Journl of Current Engineering nd Technology, ol., No.3 (June 201) (6) r T e TL (7) 2J Where P is the number of Poles; J moment of Inerti; TL Lod Torque; Te Electromechnicl Torque; r is the Rotor Speed. The difference between the five-phse Induction Motor Mthemticl modelling nd the corresponding three phse Induction Motor Mthemticl modelling is the presence of x-y component equtions. Rotor x-y components re fully decoupled from d-q components nd one from the other. Since rotor winding is shortcircuited, x-y components cnnot pper in the rotor winding. Zero sequence component equtions is due to short-circuited rotor winding nd str connection of the sttor winding. Sttor x-y components re decoupled with d-q components nd only d-q xis current components re generted, the equtions for x- y components cn be omitted. Thus the mthemticl modeling of the five-phse induction motor in n rbitrry reference frme becomes identicl to the mthemticl modelling of three phse The inputs to the motor re the five-phse voltge supply obtined from voltge source inverter. In the modeling of induction motor five phse supply of the induction motor is trnsformed into d-q xis using trnsformtion eqution-1.once the supply voltge is converted into q&d is pplied to obtin i, i, i, i, Te, rotor speed 4. oltge Source Inverter The bsic power circuit topology of five phse SI is shown in fig 2. IGBT is used s the power switches. The nti prllel diodes provides reverse current pth such tht when prticulr IGBT is gted on, one output terminl nd one input terminl will be connected. In multiphse inverter we cn generte n number of phse, s ech leg of the inverter represent the phse, thus by increse the number of leg in the inverter we cn increse the number of phses. For the five phse motor we require five leg inverter. The input to the inverter is dc supply. The topology of five phse inverter is shown in fig 3

3 Modeling of Inverter Fed Five Phse Induction Motor using /f Control Technique Sinosoidl pulse width modultion (SPWM) techique is used to generte the pulses power electronic switch i.e. IGBT. In this technique crrier wve is compred with the sine wve. Simulink model of SPWM technique & its output is shown below:- Fig.2Bsic Circuit Topology of Inverter Fed Five phse Induction Motor Fig.3 Five Phse Inverter Fig. Output of SPWM Technique In five phse inverter three switches from the upper switches nd two from the lower switches re turned on t time nd vice vers. The two switches which form the leg of the inverter re complimentry to ech other, for exmple when switch S1 is on Switch S6 is off so s to void short circuit. The switching sequence & the mode of opertion of five phse inverter is shown in tble below:- Tble 1 Mode of Opertion of Five Phse Inverter Mode Switch ON 9 1,7,8,9, ,9,10,1,2 1 9,10,1,2,3 2 10,1,2,3,4 3 1,2,3,4, 4 2,3,4,,6 3,4,,6,7 6 4,,6,7,8 7,6,7,8,9 8 6,7,8,9,10 Fig.4 Switching Sequence of Five Phse Inverter. Speed Control Technique Speed Control of induction motor is clssified s sclr control & vector control. Sclr control dels with mgnitude nd frequency of voltge, current nd flux linkge spce vectors re controlled. Where s in vector control it not only depen on mgnitude nd frequency but lso on instntneous positions of voltge, current nd flux spce vectors re controlled. Sclr control technique is further clssified s oltge/frequency (/f) control, Sttor current nd slip frequency control. /f sclr control technique of induction motor is implemented.the bsic principle behind this control strtegy is to keep the flux constnt under ll operting conditions. The bse speed of the induction motor is directly proportionl to the supply frequency nd the number of poles of the motor. Since the number of poles is fixed by design, the best wy to vry the speed of the induction motor is by vrying the supply frequency. The torque developed by the induction motors is directly proportionl to the rtio of the pplied voltge nd the frequency of supply. By vrying the voltge nd the frequency, but keeping their rtio constnt, throughout the speed rnge. /f control technique cn be clssfied s open loop nd Close loop technique. In close loop /f control, rotor speed of the induction motor is sensed using speed sensor nd is feed bck in the circuit so s to hve precise speed. In this block reference speed weref is compred with the rotor speed nd the error i.e. the difference between the reference speed nd rotor speed is given to the PI controller nd limiter. The purpose of PI controller is to minimize the error while tht of the limiter is to regulte or limit the slip speed to the mximum llowble slip speed. This slip speed is then dded with the rotor speed to obtin the sttor frequency commnd. After dding the slip speed nd the electricl rotor speed, it is then converted into frequency nd from the frequency voltge is generted with the help 1791 Interntionl Journl of Current Engineering nd Technology, ol., No.3 (June 201)

4 Modeling of Inverter Fed Five Phse Induction Motor using /f Control Technique of /F constnt gin. This frequency nd voltge is given to the Spwm inverter. The block digrm of close loop /f control is shown in fig 6 / F We ref - PI Controller Limiter 1/ 2pi Inverter IM wr Speed Sensor Fig.6 Close Loop /F Speed Control Technique 6. Result Induction Motor shown in the model is tested for the prmeter shown in tble 2 nd the result re shown in fig 6,7,8,9. Fig.8 Output Current Fig 6 shows the line djcent voltge b, bc, cd, de, e of five phse inverter using SPWM technique, fig 7 shows the phse voltge of phse of five phse oltge & fig 8 shows the output current of five phse Tble 2 Mode of Opertion of Five Phse Inverter Sr.No Description Rting 1. Hp 3 2. Pole 4 3. Inverter oltge Frequency 0Hz. Sttor Resistnce Rotor Resistnce Sttor Impednce Rotor Impednce Mgnetizing Impednce Moment Of Inerti Fig.6 Output Line Adjcent oltge Fig.7 Output Phse oltge Fig.9 Mchine ribles (current, TorqueSpeed) during Close Loop /F Speed Control of Five Phse Induction Motor Reference speed is compred with the rotor speed nd the difference between both the spee is known s error, this error is given to PI controller, the purpose of 1792 Interntionl Journl of Current Engineering nd Technology, ol., No.3 (June 201)

5 Modeling of Inverter Fed Five Phse Induction Motor using /f Control Technique PI controller is to minimize the error. Limiter is used to limit or regulte the slip speed to mximum llowble slip speed. The output of the limiter is then converted to frequency nd from frequency voltge is generted, this generted voltge nd frequency is used to generte the pulses for the spwm inverter. Fig 9 shows the output wveform of closed loop /F speed control of five phse induction motor Conclusions In this model Implementtion nd Dynmic simultion of five phse induction motor fed from five level inverter using Mtlb is studied. A reference speed of 314 rd is given initilly then it is step chnged to 17 rd, 220 rd t time t=0,1,2respectively. The model ws tested for 3hp motor, 0Hz. The result obtin re stisfctory. References B. Ozpineci, L. M. Tolbert (200), Simulink implementtion of induction mchine model- A Modulr pproch, IEEE 3, pp H. C. Stnley (1938), An Anlis of the Induction Motor, AIEE Trnsctions, vol.7 (supplement),pp Byoung- KukLee, Mehrdd Ehsni (April2001),A Simplified Functionl Simultion Model for Three-Phse oltge- Source Inverter Using Switching Function Concept. IEEE trnsctions on industril electronics, vol.48, no.2. P. C. Kruse, O. Wsynczuk, S. D. (2002) Sudhoff Anlis of Electric Mchinery nd Drive Stems, IEEE Press, A John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Publiction Second Edition. P.C. Kruse nd C. H. Thoms (November 196), Simultion of Symmetricl Induction Mchinery, IEEE Trnsction on Power Apprtus nd Stems, ol. 84, pp E. E. Wrd, nd H.Hrer (1969), Dipl.-Ing, Preliminry investigtion of n inverter fed phse induction motor, Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., vol. 116, no.6,pp Pul C. Kruse, nd Thoms A. Lipo (My 1969), Anlis nd simplified representtions of rectifier inverter induction motor ive, IEEE Trnsctions on Power Apprtus nd stems, vol. ps 88, no., pp M. J. Durn, F. Sls, nd M. R. Arhl (My 2008), Bifurction nlis of five-phse induction motor ives with third hrmonic injection, IEEE Trnsctions on Industril Electronics, ol., No., pp Hmid A. Toliyt (July 1998), Anlis nd simultion of five phse vrible speed induction motor ive under symmetricl connections, IEEE Trnsctions on power electronics, vol. 13,No.4 E.Levi (July 2007), Multiphse induction motor ive technology sttus review IET Elect. Power Appl. ol. 1, No.4, pp AtifIqbl,Senior Member IEEE, Sk.Moin Ahmed, Student Member IEEE,Md. Arif Khn, Mohd. RizwnKhn, Hithm Abu-Rub (2010), Senior Member IEEE, Modeling, Simultion nd Implementtion of Five- Phse Induction Motor Drive Stem, IEEE Interntionl Journl of Current Engineering nd Technology, ol., No.3 (June 201)

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