High Gain Fiber Amplifiers for DWDM and Metro Networks

Transcription

1 High Gain Fiber Amplifiers for DWDM and Metro Networks N. Peyghambarian Optical Sciences Center, University of Arizona

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3 OUTLINE Motivation Glass and Fiber Fabrication Spectroscopic Characterization Gain Performance Conclusion

4 Amplifier Performance Signal: nm at -31 dbm Net gain (db) Net Gain Noise Figure Noise Figure (db) Pump power (mw) 15.5 db net gain for 5.1 cm fiber

5 Motivation Lossless Splitter Ultra Compact 1.54 µm Fiber Amplifier EDF in V-Groove High Er 3+ Doping Concentration Low Cooperative Upconversion Co. 1x16 splitter: 15dB loss Commercial EDFA gain : 0.02dB/cm Phosphate Glasses Phosphate Glass Fiber Amplifier

6 Amplifying Splitter NP Integrated Power Splitter Concept Splitter Y- junction Fiber Amplifier Array

7 NP Amplifying Arrayed Waveguide Multiplexer NP Arrayed Waveguide Multiplexer Arrayed Waveguide DWDM Fiber Amplifier Array

8 Glass Fabrication P 2 O 5 Al 2 O 3 R 2 O, et al Batch Mixing Melt Cast Annealing Inspection Fabrication

9 Influence of Glass Composition on Refractive Index Glass type Glass composition ( Mole % ) P 2 O 5 Al 2 O 3 La 2 O 3 MgO CaO BaO P P P P P P Refractive index Refractive index nm 1550nm 1.5 MgO CaO BaO Mol % nm 1550nm BaO mol% Al 2 O 3 mol%

10 Influence of Glass Composition on Effective Linewidth of Er 3+ 4 I 13/2-4 I 15/2 Transition Effective linewidth [nm Effective linewidth [nm] MgO 1 CaO 2 BaO Mol % BaO Al 2 O 3 Mol % Effective Line width of the 1.54 µm transition λ eff = α ( γ ) dγ α peak

11 Measured 1/e Lifetime of Er 3+ Ions Samples Er 3+ concentration (ions/cm 3 ) Yb 3+ concentration (ions/cm 3 ) E E E E YE YE YE Measured 1/e Lifetime (msec) E4 E Pump Power (mw)

12 Cooperative Upconversion Coefficient and Spontaneous Lifetime Cooperative upconversion coefficient (10-18 cm 3 /s) Lifetime Cooperative upconversion coefficient Er 3+ concentration (10 20 ions/cm 3 ) Lifetime (msec) ( ) 1 N E2 1 (t) = C N 0 N E2 (0) = R t + exp( ) C o o o τ τ τ E o E13τ E o 2Cτ E E + 1 E 2 ( ) 4CN ERE τ o 13 E 1+ 1 o o RE τe + τ 13 E E 1

13 Cladding Glasses Glass type Refractive index nm 830 nm 1300 nm 1550 nm Core P Cladding Cladding Cladding Thermal Exp Co. [ x10-7 /oc] corep25 clad1-1 clad2-1 clad Temperature [oc] n/n 1 =0.48% ~1.14%, NA=0.149 ~ α/α 1 < 3% T g /T g1 < 1% T f /T f1 < 3%

14 Fiber Drawing Rod-in-tube technique Φ3mm Er φ 4mm Er Glass Rod Glass Rod Cladding Tube Cladding Tube ID 4mm, OD 12mm Rod Drawing ID 3mm, OD 12mm + Another Tube Twice Fiber Drawing Fiber Fiber Core 4?m Core 4, 5, 6 µm Core Diameter: 4-6 µm

15 Experimental Setup for Gain Measurement Pump Laser Pump Monitor Tunable Laser Attenuator Er-doped fiber OSA

16 Gain Characteristics Net Gain [db] nm 1550nm NF 1535nm NF 1550nm Noise Figure [db] Fiber Length: 5.1cm Pump Power [mw]

17 Gain Spectrum Net Gain [db] dBm -6dBm 0dBm NF (-31dBm) Noise Figure [db] Net Gain [db] mW 198mW 176mW 154mW 131mW Wavelength [nm] Signal Wavelength [nm]

18 Gain Saturation 16 Net Gain [db] nm 1550nm Output Power [dbm]

19 Gain Performance Internal Gain [db] Noise Figure [db] Internal Gain [db] Noise Figure [db] Pump Power [mw] Pump Power [mw] nm, -31.6dBm 3.2cm-long fiber 1550nm, -31.6dBm 3.2cm-long fiber

20 Spectral Properties 4 I 9/2 A E43 NR C 2 F 5/2 A E32 NR 4 I 11/2 4 I 13/2 R Y12 R Y21 A Y21 R K K R E13 W E12 W E21 A E21 R C 2 F 7/2 4 I 15/2 Yb 3+ ions Er 3+ ions Energy Levels of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ Ions

21 Energy Transfer Efficiency Efficiency Measured Lifetime τ yb (µ sec) YE3 YE2 YE1 o η = 1 - τ yb /τ yb Transfer Efficiency η (%) η = 1- τ τ Yb o Yb τ Yb o Lifetime without Er 3+ ions τ Yb Measured lifetime Pump Power (mw)

22 Amplifying Splitter (and Combiner) One Input Port and Multiple Ourput Ports (n) for Amplifying and Dividing Optical Signals Near 1.54 µm Technical Drawing Erbium Doped Fiber in V-groove Passive Power Splitter Pump Laser WDM Adhesive Fiber Pigtailing Packaged Product: Rubber Strain Relief NP Photonic Technologies, Inc. NP-Amplifying Splitter -1x16-XX-XX Serial # Aluminum Case Size (1 x n: L x W x H mm 3 ) 1x04: 95 x 11 x 6.5 1x08: 95 x 11 x 6.5 1x16: 115 x 11 x 7 1x32: 150 x 16 x 7

23 Ion-Exchanged Waveguide Fabrication Ti Mask Deposition Mask Patterning Ion Exchange Ag + Na + Mask Removal Field- Assisted Burial

24 Photoimagable Hybrid Materials

25 1-N Sol-Gel MMI Splitter L MMI L OS L OP N 5 µm W total W/2 W/2 W/N 50 µm 50 µm 50 µm n f n s W/2N L total 1 1x32 MMI output

26 Conclusions Er Er doped phosphate glasses Single mode phosphate glass fiber Phosphate glass fiber amplifier 15.5dB net net gain from a 5.1cm fiber Modify glass composition to improve gain spectrum Dope Yb to improve gain efficiency Optimize fiber design to increase the gain Improve coupling loss to reduce the NF

27 Acknowledgment Assistant Research Professor: Shibin Jiang Ph.D. Students: Bor-chyuan Hwang Yongdan Hu Karine Seneschal Post-doctor: Dr. Jerome Porque Research Scientist: Dr. Yong Ding Visiting Scholar: Dr. Gino Sorbello (Politecnico di Milano, Italy) Collaborator : Dr. Tao Luo ( NP Photonics Technologies LLC ) Dr. Seppo Honkanen ( NP Photonics Technologies LLC ) Prof. Fred Smektala (Universite de Rennes 1) Prof. Jacques Lucas (Universite de Rennes 1)

28 Acknowledgment BMDO through the SBIR Phase II program NP Photonic Technologies, LLC UA Science and Technology Park 9030 South Rita Road, Suite 120, Tucson, Arizona 85747

29 Parameters of Single Mode Fiber Core Core diameter 5 µm µm Refractive index of of cladding glass glass at at µm µm Refractive index of of core core glass glass at at µm µm Numerical aperture Cut-off wavelength µm µm Attenuation <0.3dB/cm Er Er concentration 35000ppm