FM Superheterodyne Receiver
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- Millicent Parrish
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1 EE321 Final Project Chun-Hao Lo XiaoKai Sun Background: FM Superheterodyne Receiver Superheterodyne Receiver is the receiver that convert a received signal from the transmitter to an intermediate frequency. This process makes the signal easily transfer the messages compare to transferring the original radio frequency. The ideal of mixing the signal in a non-linear fashion is notice and patented by Reginald Fessenden, a Canadian inventor, in But the first Superheterodyne Receiver was built by Edwin Armstrong, an American electrical engineer and inventor, during the World War 1 in 1914 Introduction: For our final project, we are building an FM Superheterodyne Receiver using Matlab Simulink. While there are more than one message signal sending out from the transmitter, the receiver will select the correct signal and output the message signal. Design: The transmitters are three indirect FM modulators that will modulate three message signal respectively and sum together as an input of the receiver. To build up the FM modulator, we are using an integrator and a narrow band phase modulator connected in series.
2 On the receiver side, a bandpass filter will take in the FM signals and only let two signals pass which includes the one signal we are trying to select eventually. Then the following oscillator and the mixer will step down the frequency of the input signals and pass them to another filtering system, IF filter, which is built up by one bandpass filter and one bandstop filter in our design. From now on, only the one signal we want is in the transmitting. Another FM demodulator built up by a narrow band phase modulator will take the signal and output the original signal we want. The final component is just a couple of bandpass filters in series to filter the exact message signal out. Analysis: Transmitter: Three sine wave signals and three Indirect FM modulators are connected in parallel. Three message signals input are with 75Hz, 100Hz, and 125Hz. The PM modulators have carrier frequencies 100 KHz, 200 KHz, and 300 KHz. (Normal FM radio frequency range is 88MHz to 108MHz. Since the high frequency will make Simulink to simulate in very slowly. We use some small numbers, but the concept is the same.) Summation: The summation block will add the three signals together and send out. RF filter:
3 The RF filter is simply just a bandpass filter. In this case, we set the lower passband edge frequency to 99 KHz and the upper passband edge frequency to 201 KHz. So that the two signals with frequency components 100 KHz and 200 KHz can pass the filter. The gain blocks are treated as amplifiers. In real life the signal may be weakened after a long distance transmission. Thus, the amplifier is necessary. Local oscillator: The local oscillator is implemented by a mixer and a simple sine wave source. The frequency of the sine wave is 100 KHz -10 KHz. It will step down the target signal frequency by 90 KHz. Normally, it should be the carrier frequency of the FM signal subtract by 10.7MHz. IF filter: The IF filter is implemented by two filters, one bandpass filter and one bandstop filter. It could be two bandpass filter also. The first bandpass filter has 100 KHz lower passband edge frequency and 300 KHz upper passband edge frequency. The bandstop filter has 120 KHz lower passband edge frequency and 280 KHz upper passband edge frequency. They will let only the 100 KHz and 290 KHz signal pass which is the signal contains the message. FM demodulator: The FM demodulator is the inverse of the FM modulator, built up by a PM demodulator and a differentiator. The carrier frequency of the PM modulator is set to 200 KHz. That is also how the message signal to be modulated. Final filter:
4 Three same bandpass filter are in series to make a sharp cut. All of them have lower passband edge frequency 95Hz and upper passband edge frequency 105Hz. Block diagram: Testing results: Receiver input After RF filter
5 After oscillator After IF filter Final Output Signal The result clear shows that we have successfully band out the signal that we try to avoid. Comparing the difference between input and the output, we can see that the frequencies are the same and there is a delay for the output. We also put a noise generator between the summation block and RF filter to simulate the real condition, which gives us some reasonable final results as shown below. The output has same frequency as the message signal, but the amplitude changes by the time. I assume that may be the filters are not well adjusted enough. Conclusion: This project helps us understand more about signals, especially the modulation, demodulation and filters. (The simulation may need 5 minutes to run for a 2 second duration time.)
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