Limits to the Exponential Advances in DWDM Filter Technology? Philip J. Anthony

Transcription

1 Limits to the Exponential Advances in DWDM Filter Technology? DARPA/MTO WDM for Military Platforms April 18-19, 2000 McLean, VA Philip J. Anthony E-TEK Dynamics San Jose CA

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3 Limits to the Exponential Advances in DWDM Filter Technology? DARPA/MTO WDM for Military Platforms Progress in DWDM Filtering Technology! Thin Film Filters! Arrayed Waveguide Gratings! Holographic Gratings Interleaver Status Roadmap for the Near Future

4 100% TECHNOLOGY PROGRESS RESOURCE EFFICIENCY 10% 1% 0.1% 0% Steam Engines 1 Thomas Newcomen Thomas Savery James Watt II Cornish I James Watt I Cornish II Lamps 1 Charles Parsons T riple expansion Paraffin candle St eam turbine St eam turbine GaAs diode Gas turbine Flourescent Mercury Sodium Tungsten filament Celulose filament Edison's first lamp 10 GHz 10 GHz 10 GHz DWDM Systems 4 x 10Gb/s 8 x 2.5Gb/s ) Jesse H. Ausubel, "Where is Energy Going?", The Industrial Physicist, Vol. 6 (1), p. 17 (Feb. 2000). pja 3/2/00

5 Industry Filter Yield Improvements Yields 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% GHz 200 GHz 100 GHz 50 GHz

6 50GHz DWDM Spectrum-Transmission IL (db) Wavelength (nm)

7 100 GHz Filter Shapes Transmission (db) Transmission (db) Wavelength (nm)

8 DWDM THIN FILM FILTER PROGRESS GHz % FILL FACTOR 50% FILL FACTOR 400 GHz 1.4 PASS CHANNEL WIDTH (nm) GHz GHz GHz 100 GHz GHz 1999? 50 GHz REFLECT CHANNEL (ISOLATION) WIDTH (nm)

9 AWG DWDM MUX & DEMUX

10 Basic Performance of an AWG 10 Sidelobes v.s. Waveguide Numbers 0-10 M=60 M=100 M=140 Loss (db) wavelength (nm)

11 Basic Waveguide Structure Silicon-on-Silicon (Bookham Technology) easier to manufacture, Si- CMOS process pure semiconductor waveguide, small bending radius, small chip size difficult to package due to mode miss-match few vendors, little R&D offer lowest X-Talk further integration, OEIC SiO 2 Buffer Si-Substrate SiO 2 Cladding Si-Waveguide

12 Packaged Silicon AWG

13 Typical Spectrum of Packaged AWG Module Insertion Loss (-db) Wavele ngth (nm)

14 Holographic grating DWM Simple structure, high channel count cm λ 1, λ 2,... λ N ~3 cm λ 5 λ N Concave holographic grating Planar waveguides with S-bends

15 Holographic Grating Attributes High channel count, yet completely passive High isolation >40 db Less developed than PAWG Issues:!Channel uniformity!passband flatness!polarization-dependent loss

16 Measured HG Response (Not Flattened) GHz, not flattened Transmission, db Channels passbands wavelength, nm

17 Basic Michelson-Gires-Tournois Interleaver Structure E refl L 1 = 2L 2 After Dingel and Aruga, JLT vol. 17(8), pp. 1461, 1999.

18 Packaged Prototype 25-GHz Interleaver

19 25-GHz Interleaver Characteristics Relative Power (db) Wavelength (nm)

20 25-GHz Interleaver Characteristics -10 Relative Power (db) Wavelength (nm)

21 25-GHz Interleaver Characteristics (Insertion Loss ~ 2 db) Relative Power (db) Wavelength (nm)

22 System Demo with Kestrel Using a 25-GHz interleaver and 10-Gbps optical FDM systems, a two-channel ultradense WDM system was demonstrated. BERs down to were achieved. No BER floor observed. Power penalty due to interleaver was negligible.

23 Optical Frequency Division Multiplexing (Kestrel) Laser Optical Modulator Photo Detector Combiner Splitter... Amp & BPF... Amp & BPF f 1 f 2 f 1 f N f 2 f N Encode and Modulate Encode and Modulate Encode and Modulate Demodulate and Decode Demodulate and Decode Demodulate and Decode s 1 s 2 s N s 1 s 2 s N

24 Spectra For Three Different Methods Of Transmitting 10 Gbps TDM: OC GHz DWDM: 4 OC-48 s 50 GHz Optical FDM (Kestrel) Less than 20 GHz

25 DWDM System BER 1.E-07 1.E-08 Bit Error Rate 1.E-09 1.E-10 1.E-11 1.E-12 1.E Relative Received Optical Power (db) Laser frequency (THz):

26 Impact of Interleaver on BER 1.E-07 Bit Error Rate 1.E-08 1.E-09 1.E-10 EDFA, no interleaver EDFA & interleaver No interleaver & no EDFA 1.E Relative Received Optical Power (db)

27 INTERLEAVER DISPERSION Other Interleaver Dispersion Measurement E-TEK Interleaver Dispersion Measurement Delay (ps) transmission (db) Delay (ps) Transmission (db) wavelength (nm) wavelength (nm) Delay Transmission Group Delay Transmission Special Thanks to Agilent Technologies: R. Fortenberry, F. Liang, A. Nooriala, J. Zhang for dispersion measurement

28 Less Than 1ps DGD E-TEK Interleaver Dispersion Measurement E-TEK Interleaver Dispersion Measurement Delay (ps) Transmission (db) Delay (ps) Transmission (db) wavelength (nm) wavelength (nm) -50 Group Delay Transmission Group Delay Transmission Special Thanks to Agilent Technologies: R. Fortenberry, F. Liang, A. Nooriala, J. Zhang for dispersion measurement

29 Interleaver Temperature Dependence Temperature Dependent of Type II 100 GHz Interleaver Transmission (db) Frequency (GHz GHz) Temp=23 Temp=60

30 DWDM Component Development Road Map Thin Film 100 GHz 50 GHz 25 GHz Fiber Grating 50 GHz Dispersion Compensation Interleaver 100 GHz 25 GHz 50 GHz AWG 40 ch 80 ch Diffraction Grating 40 ch 80 ch Add/Drop config 2 ch config 4 ch config 16 ch config 32 ch Wavelength Locker 100 GHz 50 GHz? 25 GHz? PMD Control KEY: 4/3/00 production development research

31 OPTICAL NETWORK EVOLUTION 100% Share of Transport Market MESH OF DWDM PIPES FIXED ADD / DROP CONFIGURABLE ADD / DROP NOW FUTURE PRICE / PERFORMANCE OXC Relative Price / Performance 0% Networking Functionality in the Optical Layer Networking Funtionality in the Optical Layer 0% 100%