Photovoltaic Modeling and Effecting of Temperature and Irradiation on I-V and P-V Characteristics

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1 Photovoltaic Modeling and Effecting of Temperature and Irradiation on I-V and P-V Characteristics Ali N. Hamoodi Safwan A. Hamoodi Rasha A. Mohammed Lecturer Assistant Lecturer Assistant Lecturer Abstract Solar energy is a wide exporter of energy, no polluting and no maintenance. PV system gives maximum output power by making mechanical tracking to the sun and regulating the panel in such a direction so as to receive the grandest solar irradiance. PV model relies on maths equation that represented by equivalent circuit including a photo-current source. The advanced model gives the best manner of PV array under. Various types of circuit model and ecological parameters solar temperature. A special (phono cell) model is used in this paper. INTRODUCTION PV panel becomes more suitable for a clean energy resource and has interests as compared with different sources types. This type of energy has no infesting, no fuel, simple maintenance and no emitting noise [1]. The efficiency of PV panel is low. The relationship between voltage and current for P-N junction in the solar cell is very complex. The light falling on the cell is represented as a mathematical equation. This equation is depended on voltage and current [2]. Solar cell captures low energy of slow-moving electrons. List of Symbols PV : photovoltaic. I-V : current-voltage. P-V : power-voltage. I ph : current generated by the incident light [A]. Is : diode reverse bias saturation current [A]. I sh : shunt resistance current [A]. I sc : short circuit current [A]. CHARACTERISTICS The curve between current and voltage is called I-V characteristics; this curve shows an inverse relation. The PV maximum power is obtained from the area under curve [2]. When the voltage of solar cell increase. The area will be decrease. The changing in environmental. Conditions, temperature and irradiance level the I-V curve will change and thus the peak point of power curve will also change. [3]. Thus the algorithm of MPPT keeps the knee point is shown in figure 1. I pv : output current [A]. V pv : terminal voltage [V]. V ph : photovoltaic voltage [V]. I d : diode current [A]. V oc : open circuit voltage [V]. q : electron charge [ C]. k : Boltzmann constant [ J/K]. T : temperature of the P-N junction [K]. E : irradiation [W/m 2 ]. R s : series resistance [Ω]. R sh : shunt resistance [Ω] m : ideality factor of the diode. N s : No. of series of PV. N p : No. of parallel of PV. Figure 1. I-V Characteristics of a solar cell under dark and irradiated conditions. The above figure shows two characteristics. Dark and Irradiated characteristics. When illuminate the P-N junction this characteristics get modified in shape and shift downwards as the photon generated component gets added with the reverse leakage current [3]. From hyperbola curve the maximum power point can be obtained as defined V*I=constant such that it is tangential to the I-V and P-V 3123

2 characteristics. Maximum peak point represents peak point voltage and peak point current. Under incident illumination level there is one point on the curve will produce maximum electrical power. B. Solar Cell With Series Resistance(1M4P): MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS OF SOLAR PV CELL Many equivalent circuits of a solar cell, single-diode model could be widely used, and accurate in many cases: A. Ideal Solar Cell (1M3P): The solar cell characteristics have an exponential behaviour similar to that of a diode. The ideal equivalent circuit of solar cell is consists of (current source parallel with a single diode) [4]. This model is called (1M3P) and contain three parameters (m, I ph and I s ). The ideal equivalent circuit of solar cell is depicted in figure2. Figure 3. Equivalent model of single diode solar cell with series resistance (1M4P) This model is called (1M4P) and has four parameters (m, I ph, I s and R s ). The equivalent circuit is shown below [5]. Where, And, The series resistance model involves recurrent equation to determine voltage at positive current. Figure 2. Equivalent model of single diode ideal solar cell (1M3P). By applying Kirchhoff law: C. Solar Cell With Series And Shunt Resistance (1M5P): This model is called 1M5P and has five parameters (m, I ph, I s, R sh and R s ) [6]. The PV equivalent circuit is depicted in figure 4. While, Then, and For V PV =0 are depicted as: Figure 4. Equivalent model of single diode solar cell with series and shunt resistances (1M5P) By applying Kirchhoff law: For I Pv = 0, the output power is: Where, 3124

3 And MODELING SIMULATION The (Phono Solar Cell) module is by in the circuit that represented Matlab/Simulation and has the electrical specification as shown in table 1. Table 1. Electrical parameters of (phono cell). REAL MODEL OF SOLAR POWER PLANT The real structure of the photo cell PV panel and the solar power plant are shown in figure 5. The electrical circuit of PV cell is simulated by Matlabprogram as shown in figure 6. Figure 5. Solar power plant. Figure 6. Electrical circuit diagram of PV cell. INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PHYSICAL PARAMETER The influence of environmental and physical parameter is discussed in this paper. A. Influence of Temperature: Figure 7, shows the I-V and P-V characteristics respectively under constant irradiation at (1000W/m 2 ) and varying temperature. The current generated incident light increases slightly while the voltage decreases. When temperature decreases the power is increased. 3125

4 International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN Volume 13, Number 5 (2018) pp (a) I-V Characteristics. (b) P-V Characteristics. Figure7. Influence of temperature. It is clear that the higher irradiation gives greater current as a result maximum power point is obtained. B. Influence of irradiation: Figure 8, shows the I-V and P-V characteristics respectively under constant temperature at (25oC) and varying irradiation. (a) I-V Characteristics. (b) P-V Characteristics. Figure 8. Influence of irradiation. CONCLUSION REFERENCES This model so developed is used to shown the effect in I-V and P-V characteristics of temperature and irradiation. The main objective of this paper is to show that single diode modeling is the most suitable model which can be used for simulation electrical behavior of PV module system for planning purpose in the field of power system. When the temperature is increased the PV output power is decreased. When the irradiation is increased the PV output power is increased. The simulation results is appared approximately like to the practical results [1] J. Bikaneriaet al., Modeling and Simulation of PV Cell Using One-Diode Model, IJSRP, vol. 3, issue 10, [2] N. Belhaouas, M. S. A. Cheikh, A. Malek, and C. Larbes, Matlab-Simulink of Photovoltaic System Based on a Two-Diode Model Simulator With Shaded Solar Cells, Revue des Energies Renouvelables, vol. 16, no. 1, pp , [3] E.M.G. Rodrigues, R. Melício, V.M.F. Mendes, and J.P.S. Catalão, Simulation of a Solar Cell Considering Single-Diode Equivalent Circuit Model,

5 International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, icrepq'11, spain, [4] B. Bentouati, Etude Comparative Deux Cellules Photovoltaique, Master in Automatic Control, University of Djelfa, [5] B. Alsayid, Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Cell Module Array With Two-Diode Model, IJCTEE, vol. 1, no. 3, [6] D. Bonkoungou, Z. Koalaga, and D. Njomo, Modelling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Module Considering Single-Diode Equivalent Circuit Model in Matlab, International Journal of Emerging Technology, vol. 3, issue 3,