Scavenger Transceiver Module STM 300 / STM 300C / STM 300U. June 7 th, 2013 USER MANUAL. Observe precautions! Electrostatic sensitive devices!

Transcription

1 USER MANUAL Scavenger Transceiver Module June 7 th, 2013 Observe precautions! Electrostatic sensitive devices! Patent protected: WO98/36395, DE , DE , WO 2004/051591, DE A1, DE , WO 04/109236, WO 05/096482, WO 02/095707, US 6,747,573, US 7,019,241 EnOcean GmbH Kolpingring 18a Oberhaching Germany Phone Fax info@enocean.com Subject to modifications User Manual V1.35 June 7, 2013 Page 1/42

2 REVISION HISTORY The following major modifications and improvements have been made to the first version of this document: No Major Changes 1.01 Tape running direction added in Application note for multiple digital inputs with WAKE functionality added Error corrected in and 4.1: Maximum gain of external antenna at 50 Ohm output RF_50 is 0 dbi! 1.25 Charging circuit in 3.1 corrected; remarks added regarding use of IOVDD in 2.3. Parameters of A/D converter corrected and specified in more detail in Optional resolution at ADIO0, ADIO1, ADIO2 corrected in 2.3. Detailed description in was correct! 1.30 New improved application note in 3.1, which avoids deep discharge of the long term storage Updated data on conducted output power in 1.2; improved layout recommendations in Antenna recommendations removed and referred to external application note AN102, and AN105; Maximum Rating for IOVDD modified (IOVDD may now exceed VDD); Chapter Related Documents added. Figure added in 3.3.1; parameters for antenna requirements relaxed in Added STM 300U ( MHz), new product image 1.34 Updated Agency certifications according to FCC / IC requirements 1.35 Mitsubishi Materials Chip Antenna added to limited modular approval Published by EnOcean GmbH, Kolpingring 18a, Oberhaching, Germany info@enocean.com, phone +49 (89) EnOcean GmbH All Rights Reserved Important! This information describes the type of component and shall not be considered as assured characteristics. No responsibility is assumed for possible omissions or inaccuracies. Circuitry and specifications are subject to change without notice. For the latest product specifications, refer to the EnOcean website: As far as patents or other rights of third parties are concerned, liability is only assumed for modules, not for the described applications, processes and circuits. EnOcean does not assume responsibility for use of modules described and limits its liability to the replacement of modules determined to be defective due to workmanship. Devices or systems containing RF components must meet the essential requirements of the local legal authorities. The modules must not be used in any relation with equipment that supports, directly or indirectly, human health or life or with applications that can result in danger for people, animals or real value. Components of the modules are considered and should be disposed of as hazardous waste. Local government regulations are to be observed. Packing: Please use the recycling operators known to you EnOcean User Manual Page 2/42

3 TABLE OF CONTENT 1 MODULE VARIANTS AND RELATED DOCUMENTS GENERAL DESCRIPTION Basic functionality Technical data Physical dimensions Environmental conditions Ordering Information FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Simplified firmware flow chart and block diagram Hardware pin out Pin description and operational characteristics GPIO supply voltage Analog and digital inputs Absolute maximum ratings (non operating) Maximum ratings (operating) Power management and voltage regulators Charge control output (CCO) Configuration Configuration via pins Configuration via programming interface Radio telegram Normal operation Teach-in telegram Transmit timing Energy consumption APPLICATIONS INFORMATION How to connect an energy harvester and energy storage Using the SCO pin Using the WAKE pins Using RVDD Antenna options STM 300x Overview Whip antenna Helical antenna (Supplier: EnOcean) Chip antenna (supplier: Mitsubishi Material, Type AM11DG-ST01) Positioning of the whip antenna Recommendations for laying a whip antenna Layout recommendations for foot pattern Soldering information Tape & Reel specification Transmission range AGENCY CERTIFICATIONS CE approval FCC (United States) Certification IC (Industry Canada) Certification FCC Regulatory Statements Industry Canada Regulatory Statements EnOcean User Manual Page 3/42

4 1 MODULE VARIANTS AND RELATED DOCUMENTS The STM300 Scavenger Transceiver Module is available in several operating frequency variations: STM 300: STM 300C: STM 300U: MHz MHz MHz Inside this manual the term STM 300x can be used interchangeably for any of the above frequency. This document describes operation of STM 300x modules with their built-in firmware. If you want to write own firmware running on the integrated micro controller or need more detailed information on the Dolphin core please also refer to: Dolphin Core Description Dolphin API Documentation In addition we recommend following our application notes, in particular: AN102: Antenna Basics Basic Antenna Design Considerations for EnOcean based Products AN105: 315 MHZ Internal Antenna Design Considerations for EnOcean based Products AN207: ECS 300/310 Solar Panel - Design Considerations AN208: Energy Storage Design Considerations AN209: STM 300 THERMO OR BATTERY POWERED Power Supply Alternatives to Solar Panel 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2.1 Basic functionality The extremely power saving RF transmitter module STM 300 of EnOcean enables the realization of wireless and maintenance free sensors and actuators such as room operating panels, motion sensors or valve actuators for heating control. Power supply is provided by an external energy harvester, e.g. a small solar cell (e.g. EnOcean ECS 3x0) or a thermal harvester. An energy storage device can be connected externally to bridge periods with no supply from the energy harvester. A voltage limiter avoids damaging of the module when the supply from the energy harvester gets too high. The module provides a user configurable cyclic wake up. After wake up a radio telegram (input data, unique 32 bit sensor ID, checksum) will be transmitted in case of a change of any digital input value 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 4/42

5 compared to the last sending or in case of a significant change of measured analogue values (different input sensitivities can be selected). In case of no relevant input change a redundant retransmission signal is sent after a user configurable number of wake-ups to announce all current values. In addition a wake up can be triggered externally. Features with built-in firmware 3 A/D converter inputs 4 digital inputs Configurable wake-up and transmission cycle Wake-up via Wake pins Voltage limiter Threshold detector Application notes for calculation of energy budgets and management of external energy storages Product variants Features accessible via API Using the Dolphin API library it is possible to write custom firmware for the module. STM 300/C/U is in-system programmable. The API provides: Integrated 16 MHz 8051 CPU with 32 KB FLASH and 2 kb SRAM Receiver functionality Various power down and sleep modes down to typ. 0.2 µa current consumption Up to 16 configurable I/Os 10 bit ADC, 8 bit DAC 2.2 Technical data Antenna External whip or 50 Ω antenna mountable Frequency STM 300: MHz (ASK) 1) Data rate Receiver Sensitivity (at 25 C) only via API Conducted Output min / typ /max Power Supply STM 300C: MHz (ASK) 1) STM 300U: MHz (FSK) 125 kbps typ. 96 dbm 2) ( MHz) typ. -98 dbm 2) ( MHz) typ. -98 dbm 2) ( MHz) STM 300: 3.0 dbm / 5.7 dbm / 7.0 dbm STM 300C: 5.5 dbm / 7.5 dbm / 9.5 dbm STM 300U: -1 dbm / 1 dbm / 3dBm 3) 2.1 V 4.5 V, 2.6 V needed for start-up Current Consumption Deep Sleep mode : typ. 0.2 µa Transmit mode: typ. 24 ma, max. 33 ma Receive mode (via API only): typ. 33 ma, max. 43 ma Input Channels 4x digital input, 2x WAKE input, 3x analog input Resolution: 3x 8 bit or 1x 10 bit, 1x 8 bit, 1x 6 bit 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 5/42

6 Radio Regulations R&TTE EN (STM 300) FCC CFR-47 Part 15 (STM 300C / STM 300U) 1) according to ISO/IEC % telegram error rate (based on transmitted sub-telegrams) 3) using +1dBm (V 1.13) power settings which comply to limited modular approval 2.3 Physical dimensions PCB dimensions Weight STM 300/C/U: 22 x 19 x 3.1 mm 1.9 g Unless otherwise specified dimensions are in mm. Tolerances: PCB outline dimensions 0.2 mm All other tolerances 0.1 mm STM 300/C/U (pads on bottom side of PCB!) 2.4 Environmental conditions Operating temperature -25 C +85 C Storage temperature -40 C +85 C Storage temperature in tape & reel package -20 C +50 C Humidity 0% 93% r.h., non-condensing 2.5 Ordering Information 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 6/42

7 Type Ordering Code Frequency STM 300 S3001-D MHz STM 300C S3031-D MHz STM 300U S3051-D MHz Suited solar cells (for technical details please refer to the ECS3x0 data sheet): Type Ordering Code Size ECS 300 S3005-D mm ECS 310 S3005-D mm 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 7/42

8 3 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION 3.1 Simplified firmware flow chart and block diagram 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 8/42

9 ADIO0 ADIO1 ADIO2 ADIO3 ADIO4 ADIO5 ADIO6 ADIO7 GND WAKE1 WAKE0 UVDD GND WXODIO WXIDIO GND RESET GND WAKE0 LRN RESET SCO CCO PROG_EN CW_1 CW_0 CP_1 CP_0 USER MANUAL 1.34 RF_50 RF_WHIP VDD IOVDD GND VDDLIM V_OUT DVDD UVDD Power Management Ultra Low Power Unit µcontroller RF Transceiver Mixed I/O Interface LED DI_0 DI_1 DI_2 DI_3 AD_0 AD_1 AD_2 3.2 Hardware pin out GND 1 VDD VDDLIM RF_WHIP GND RF_50 GND RVDD Antenna balun XTAL 16MHz EO3000I STM300 TOP VIEW DVDD GND IOVDD RSDADIO3 WSDADIO2 SCLKDIO1 SCSEDIO0 PROG_EN The figure above shows the pin out of the STM 300 hardware. The pins are named according to the naming of the EO3000I chip to simplify usage of the DOLPHIN API. The table in section 3.3 shows the translation of hardware pins to a naming that fits the functionality of the built-in firmware. When writing own firmware based on the DOLPHIN API please refer to the Dolphin Core Description and use this manual only for information 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 9/42

10 regarding the module hardware, such as pin out, layout recommendations, charging circuitry, antenna options, and approvals. 3.3 Pin description and operational characteristics STM 300 Hardware Symbol STM 300 pin # GND 1, 5, 7, 17, 24, 26, 28, 31 STM 300 Firmware Symbol GND Function Ground connection Characteristics Must be connected to GND VDD 2 VDD Supply voltage 2.1 V 4.5 V; Start-up voltage: 2.6 V Maximum ripple: see 3.6 RVDD 8 V_OUT RF supply voltage regulator output DVDD 25 DVDD Digital supply voltage regulator output UVDD 32 UVDD Ultra low power supply voltage regulator output VDDLIM 3 VDDLIM Supply voltage limiter input IOVDD 23 IOVDD GPIO supply voltage 1.8 V. Output current: max. 10 ma. See 4.4! Supply for external circuitry, available while not in deep sleep mode. 1.8 V. Output current: max. 5 ma Supply for external circuitry, available while not in deep sleep mode. Not for supply of external circuitry! For use with WAKE pins, see section 4.3. Max. 1 µa output current! Limitation voltage: 4.5 V Maximum shunting current: 50 ma Must be connected to desired interface supply voltage as specified in 3.5, e.g. to DVDD. See also Active high reset (1.8 V) Connect external 10 kω pull-down. RESET 27 RESET Reset input Programming I/F PROG_EN 18 PROG_EN Programming I/F HIGH: programming mode active LOW: operating mode Digital input, connect external 10 kω pull-down. ADIO0 9 AD_0 Analog input Input read ~2 ms after wake-up. Resolution 8 bit (default) or 10 bit. See also ADIO1 10 AD_1 Analog input Input read ~2 ms after wake-up. Resolution 8 bit (default) or 6 bit. See also ADIO2 11 AD_2 Analog input Input read ~2 ms after wake-up. Resolution 8 bit. See also EnOcean User Manual Page 10/42

11 ADIO3 12 DI_0 Digital input Input read ~2 ms after wake-up. See also ADIO4 13 DI_1 Digital input Input read ~2 ms after wake-up. See also ADIO5 14 DI_2 Digital input Input read ~2 ms after wake-up. See also ADIO6 15 DI_3 Digital input Input read ~2 ms after wake-up. See also ADIO7 16 LED Transmission indicator LED Max. output current: 2 IOVDD=3.3 V 0.65 IOVDD=1.8 V Programming I/F SCSEDIO0 19 CW_1 Encoding input for Leave open or connect to GND wake-up cycle Programming I/F SCLKDIO1 20 CW_0 Encoding input for Leave open or connect to GND wake-up cycle Programming I/F WSDADIO2 21 CP_1 Encoding input for Leave open or connect to GND retransmission Programming I/F RSDADIO3 22 CP_0 Encoding input for Leave open or connect to GND retransmission Programming I/F WXIDIO 29 SCO Sensor control Digital output, max. current 15 µa HIGH ~x ms before analog inputs are read (x=0 508 ms; default 2 ms.) LOW at wake-up and after reading of analog inputs Polarity can be inverted, delay time can be programmed, see WXODIO 30 CCO Charge control Max output current 15 µa See 3.7 for description of behaviour. WAKE0 33 WAKE0 Wake input Change of logic state leads to wakeup and transmission of a telegram. See also 4.3. WAKE1 34 LRN LRN input Change of logic state to LOW leads to wake-up and transmission of teach-in telegram if a manufacturer code is programmed. See also and 4.3. RF_WHIP 4 RF_WHIP RF output Output for whip antenna RF_50 6 RF_50 RF output 50 Ohm output for external antenna 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 11/42

12 3.3.1 GPIO supply voltage For digital communication with other circuitry (peripherals) the digital I/O configured pins of the mixed signal sensor interface (ADIO0 to ADIO7) and the pins of the programming interface (SCSEDIO0, SCLKDIO1, WSDADIO2, RSDADIO3) may be operated from supply voltages different from DVDD. Therefore an interface supply voltage pin IOVDD is available which can be connected either to DVDD or to an external supply within the tolerated voltage range of IOVDD. Please note that the wristwatch XTAL I/Os WXIDIO and WXODIO are always supplied from UVDD. If DVDD=0 V (e.g. in any sleep mode or if VDD<VOFF) and IOVDD is supplied, there may be unpredictable and varying current from IOVDD caused by internal floating nodes. It must be taken care that the current into IOVDD does not exceed 10 ma while DVDD=0 V. If DVDD=0 V and IOVDD is not supplied, do not apply voltage to any above mentioned pin. This may lead to unpredictable malfunction of the device. For I/O pins configured as analog pins the IOVDD voltage level is not relevant! However it is important to connect IOVDD to a supply voltage as specified in 3.5. IOVDD If configured as digital I/O ADIO0 ADIO1 ADIO2 ADIO3 ADIO4 ADIO5 ADIO6 ADIO7 SCSEDIO0 SCLKDIO1 WSDADIO2 RSDADIO EnOcean User Manual Page 12/42

13 3.3.2 Analog and digital inputs Parameter Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Units Analog Input Mode Measurement range Single ended RVDD- V Internal reference RVDD/ Input coupling DC Measurement bandwidth khz Input impedance Single ended against 10 M 1 khz Input capacitance Single ended against 10 pf 1 khz Effective measurement resolution 10 Bit 10 bit measurement Offset error LSB Gain error LSB Code <= LSB INL Code > LSB DNL <±0.5 LSB 8 bit measurement Offset error 6 9 LSB Gain error 8 16 LSB INL Code <= LSB Code > LSB DNL <±0.125 LSB Offset Error: Describes the offset between the minimal possible code and code 0x00. Gain Error: Describes the offset between maximum possible code and full scale (e.g. 0x3FF for 10 bit measurements). Integral Non-Linearity (INL): Describes the difference between the ideal characteristics and the real characteristics. Only values between minimum and maximum possible code are considered (excluding offset error and gain error). Differential Non-Linearity (DNL): Measures the maximum deviation from the ideal step size of 1 LSB (least significant bit). Effective resolution: Results from the signal-noise ratio of the ADC and is given in Bit. The number describes how many bits can be measured stable. The criterion selected here is that the noise of DNL is <±0.5 LSB. Measurement Bandwidth: The measurement bandwitdh is internally limited by filters. A quasi static signal must be applied as long as the filter Code ADC needs to settle. SettlingTime= 1/(MeasurementBandwidth)*ln(2^resolution[Bit]) 0xFF 0x00 0 ideal real Offset Error Gain Error 1 U ADC U RVDD For further details please refer to the Dolphin Core Description. 1 3 db input bandwidth, resulting in 111 µs settling time to achieve a deviation of an input signal <1 LSB 10 bit resolution) EnOcean User Manual Page 13/42

14 Parameter Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Units Digital Input Mode Input HIGH voltage 2/3 V IOVDD Input LOW voltage 1/3 V IOVDD Pull up 1.9 V V k 3.4 Absolute maximum ratings (non operating) Symbol Parameter Min Max Units VDD VDDLIM Supply voltage at VDD and VDDLIM V IOVDD GPIO supply voltage V GND Ground connection 0 0 V VINA Voltage at every analog input pin V VIND1 Voltage at RESET, WAKE0/1, and every digital input V pin except WXIDIO/WXODIO VIND2 Voltage at WXIDIO / WXODIO input pin V 3.5 Maximum ratings (operating) Symbol Parameter Min Max Units VDD VDDLIM Supply voltage at VDD and VDDLIM VOFF 4.5 V IOVDD GPIO supply voltage (see also 3.3.1) V GND Ground connection 0 0 V VINA Voltage at every analog input pin V VIND1 Voltage at RESET, WAKE0/1, and every digital input V pin except WXIDIO / WXODIO VIND2 Voltage at WXIDIO / WXODIO input pin V 3.6 Power management and voltage regulators Symbol Parameter Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Units Voltage Regulators VDDR Ripple on VDD, where 50 mv pp Min(VDD) > VON UVDD Ultra Low Power supply 1.8 V RVDD RF supply V DVDD Digital supply V Voltage Limiter VLIM Limitation voltage 4.5 V ILIM Shunting current 50 ma 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 14/42

15 Threshold Detector VON Turn on threshold V Automatic shutdown if V VOFF Turn off threshold VDD drops below VOFF Voltage Limiter STM 300 provides a voltage limiter which limits the supply voltage VDD of STM 300 to a value VDDLIM which is slightly below the maximum VDD ratings by shunting of sufficient current. Threshold detector STM 300 provides an ultra low power ON/OFF threshold detector. If VDD > VON, it turns on the ultra low power regulator (UVDD), the watchdog timer and the WAKE# pins circuitry. If VDD VOFF it initiates the automatic shut down of STM Charge control output (CCO) After start-up STM 300 provides the output signal of the threshold detector at CCO. CCO is supplied by UVDD. The output value remains stable also when STM 300 is in deep sleep mode. Behaviour of CCO - At power up: TRISTATE until VDD>VON then HIGH - if VDD>VON then HIGH - if VDD<VON then LOW - if VDD< VOFF then LOW or TRISTATE VDD VDD CCO VDD > VON VDD < VON VON VOFF VDD < VOFF ~0.9V TRISTATE 1.8V 0V TRISTATE or LOW t For definition of VON and VOFF please refer to EnOcean User Manual Page 15/42

16 3.8 Configuration Configuration via pins The encoding input pins have to be left open or connected to GND in correspondence with the following connection schemes. These settings are checked at every wake-up. Wake-up cycle time CW_0 CW_1 Wake-up cycle time NC NC 1 s ±20% GND NC 10 s ±20% NC GND 100 s ±20% GND GND No cyclic wake-up Redundant retransmission Via CP_0 and CP_1 an internal counter is set which is decreased at every wake-up signal. Once the counter reaches zero the redundant retransmission signal is sent. CP_0 CP_1 Number of wake-ups that trigger a redundant retransmission NC NC Every timer wake-up signal GND NC Every 7 th - 14 th timer wake-up signal, affected at random NC GND Every 70 th th timer wake-up signal, affected at random GND GND No redundant retransmission A radio telegram is always transmitted after wake-up via WAKE pins! After transmission the counter is reset to a random value within the specified interval. According to FCC a) a redundant retransmission at every timer wake-up to determine the system integrity is only allowed in safety and security applications! In this case the total transmission time must not exceed two seconds per hour, which means that a combination with a 1 s wake-up cycle time is not allowed! If applied in other (non-safety, non-security) applications a minimum of 10 s between periodic transmissions is required. In addition the device has to comply with the lower field strength limits of e). The limited modular approval of STM 300C is not valid in this case EnOcean User Manual Page 16/42

17 3.8.2 Configuration via programming interface Via the programming interface the configuration area can be modified. This provides a lot more configuration options. Values set via programming interface override hardware settings! These settings are read after RESET or power-on reset only and not at every wakeup of the module! Parameter Configuration via pins The interface is shown in the figure below: Configuration via programming interface Wake up cycle See section Value can be set from 1 s to s Redundant Retransmission cycle Threshold values for analog inputs Resolution of the analog inputs See section Min Max values for random interval If Min=Max -> random switched off No The default values are: 5 LSB at AD_1 input, 6 LSB at AD_0 and 14 LSB at AD_2. The threshold value can be set between 0 and full scale for every input individually. No Default: AD_0: 8 bit, AD_1: 8 bit, AD_2: 8 bit Option: AD_0: 10 bit, AD_1: 6 bit, AD_2: 8 bit Input mask No A digital input mask for ignoring changes on digital input pins. At default all input bits are checked. Delay time between SCO on and sampling moment No Value can be set from 0 ms to 508 ms in steps of 2 ms. Default delay time is 2 ms. Source of AD_2 No Select if AD_2 contains measurement value of external ADIO2 pin or from internal VDD/4 Polarity of SCO signal No Polarity can be inversed. Edge of wake pin change causing a telegram transmission Manufacturer ID and EEP (EnOcean Equipment Profile) No No Every change of a wake pin triggers a wake-up. For both wake pins it can be configured individually if a telegram shall be sent on rising, falling or both edges. Information about manufacturer and type of device. This feature is needed for automatic interoperability of sensors and actuators or bus systems. Information how to set these parameters requires an agreement with EnOcean. Unique manufacturer IDs are distributed by the EnOcean Alliance. USB USB <=> SPI interface Dolphin Studio, or EOP EnOcean provides EOPX (EnOcean Programmer, a command line program) and Dolphin Studio (Windows application for chip configuration, programming, and testing) and the USB/SPI programmer device as part of the EDK 350 developer s kit. SPI Reset PROG_EN ADIO7 SCSEDIO0 SCLKDIO1 WSDADIO2 RSDADIO3 STM EnOcean User Manual Page 17/42

18 3.9 Radio telegram Normal operation Telegram content seen at programming interface of STM 300x or at DOLPHIN API: ORG = 0x07 (Telegram type 4BS ) Data_Byte1..3 3x8bit mode: DATA_BYTE3 DATA_BYTE2 DATA_BYTE1 = Value of AD_2 analog input = Value of AD_1 analog input = Value of AD_0 analog input 1x8bit, 1x6it, 1x10bit mode: DATA_BYTE3 = Value of AD_2 DATA_BYTE2 = Upper 2 bits of AD_0 and value of AD_1 DATA_BYTE1 = Lower 8 bits Value of AD_0 analog input DATA_BYTE3 DATA_BYTE2 DATA_BYTE1 AD_2 AD_1 AD_ DATA_BYTE0 = Digital sensor inputs as follows: Bit 7 Bit 0 Reserved, set to 0 DI_3 DI_2 DI_1 DI_0 ID_BYTE3 ID_BYTE2 ID_BYTE1 ID_BYTE0 = module identifier (Byte3) = module identifier (Byte2) = module identifier (Byte1) = module identifier (Byte0) The voltages measured at the analog inputs can be calculated from these values as follows: U=(Value of AD_x)/(2 n )x1.8 V n=resolution of channel in bit 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 18/42

19 3.9.2 Teach-in telegram In case a manufacturer code is programmed into the module the module transmits instead of transmitting a normal telegram a dedicated teach-in telegram if digital input DI_3=0 at wake-up or wake-up via WAKE1 pin (LRN input) With this special teach-in telegram it is possible to identify the manufacturer of a device and the function and type of a device. There is a list available from the EnOcean Alliance describing the functionalities of the respective products. If no manufacturer code is programmed the module does not react to signal changes on WAKE1 (LRN input)! ORG = 0x07 (Telegram type 4BS ) DATA_BYTE0..3 see below LRN Type = 1 LRN = 0 DI0..DI2: current status of digital inputs Profile, Type, Manufacturer-ID defined by manufacturer RE0..2: set to 0 ID_BYTE3 ID_BYTE2 ID_BYTE1 ID_BYTE0 = module identifier (Byte3) = module identifier (Byte2) = module identifier (Byte1) = module identifier (Byte0) ORG Data_Byte3 Data_Byte2 Data_Byte1 Data_Byte0 ID Function 6 Bit Type 7 Bit Manufacturer- ID 11 Bit LRN Type 1Bit RE2 1Bit RE1 1Bit RE0 1Bit LRN 1Bit DI2 1Bit DI1 1Bit DI0 1Bit 3.10 Transmit timing The setup of the transmission timing allows avoiding possible collisions with data packages of other EnOcean transmitters as well as disturbances from the environment. With each transmission cycle, 3 identical subtelegrams are transmitted within 40 ms. Transmission of a subtelegram lasts approximately 1.2 ms. The delay time between the three transmission bursts is affected at random. If a new wake-up occurs before all sub-telegrams have been sent, the series of transmissions is stopped and a new series of telegrams with new valid measurement values is transmitted EnOcean User Manual Page 19/42

20 Current [ma] USER MANUAL Energy consumption Current Consumption of STM 300 Charge needed for one measurement and transmit cycle: ~130 µc Charge needed for one measurement cycle without transmit: ~30 µc (current for external sensor circuits not included) Calculations are performed on the basis of electric charges because of the internal linear voltage regulator of the module. Energy consumption varies with voltage of the energy storage while consumption of electric charge is constant. From these values the following performance parameters have been calculated: Wake cycle [s] Operation Time in darkness [h] when storage fully charged Time [ms] Required reload time [h] at 200 lux within 24 h for continuous operation 24 h operation after 6 h illumination at x lux Illumination level in lux for continuous operation Current in µa required for continuous operation Transmit interval storage too small storage too small storage too small storage too small storage too small storage too small storage too small storage too small storage too small storage too small Assumptions: Storage PAS614L-VL3 with 0.25 F, Umax=3.2 V, Umin=2.2 V, T=25 C Consumption: Transmit cycle 100 µc, measurement cycle 30 µc Indoor solar cell, operating values 3 V and lux fluorescent light (e.g. ECS 300 solar cell) Current proportional to illumination level (not true at very low levels!) These values are calculated values, the accuracy is about +/-20%! 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 20/42

21 4 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 4.1 How to connect an energy harvester and energy storage STM 300 is designed for use with an external energy harvester and energy storage. In order to support a fast start-up and long term operation with no energy supply available usually two different storages are used. The small storage fills quickly and allows a fast start-up. The large storage fills slowly but once it is filled up it provides a large buffer for times where no energy is available, e.g. at night in a solar powered sensor. STM 300 provides a digital output CCO (see also 3.7) which allows controlling the charging of these two storages. At the beginning, as long as the voltage is below the VON voltage only the small storage is filled. Once the threshold is reached the CCO signal changes and the large storage is filled. The short term storage capacitor (C1) is usually in the range of 470 to 1000 µf. For the long term storage we suggest a capacitor (C2) with a capacity of 0.25 F. Below an overview and the schematics of a charging circuitry is shown: Energy source e.g. solar panel Charge switcher Overvoltage protection STM 300 Vdd VDDLIM CCO Undervoltage protection C1 RC delay C2 Short term storage Long term storage This circuit is designed for an energy storage capacitor specified for 3.3 V (e.g. PAS614L- VL3. Please pay great attention to manufacturers handling and soldering procedures!) 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 21/42

22 Charge switcher The charge switcher connects both short term storage and long term storage parallel to the energy source as soon as the STM 300 supply voltage reaches the typical VON threshold of 2.45 V. Supposing VDD then falls below VON, the energy source will be switched back to short term storage alone, for faster recharging. As long as the voltage on long term storage remains below VON, the charge switcher will continuously switch the energy source between short term and long term storage, trying to ensure continuous device operation. That is because of the higher resistance and capacitance of long term storage, which would lead to much too long charging (i.e. non-operative time). In addition short term storage cannot be charged over this threshold until the voltage on long term storage exceeds VON. Charge switcher is the PMOS transistor Q1, driven from the STM 300 charge control output CCO over T1A. To start with, as long as the STM 300 VDD voltage is below the VON threshold, only the small storage (C1) is filled over D3. Once the threshold is reached, the CCO control signal goes High, T1B and Q2 are turned on and the long term storage (C2) will be filled over Q2. Overvoltage protection All of these long term storage solutions have a rated operating voltage that must be not exceeded. After reaching this limit the energy source is automatically separated from storage to avoid any damage. Overvoltage protection is implemented by the S-1000C32-M5T1x voltage detector from Seiko (SII) or the NCP300LSN30T1G series (ON Semiconductor), which limits the maximum charging voltage to 3.3 V to avoid damaging long term energy storage. In case a different voltage limit is required, this device has to be replaced by a suitable voltage variant. As soon as the voltage on D2 anode or the voltage detector input exceeds the selected threshold, the voltage detector delivers a High level on its output connected to the T1A emitter. The T1A base is consequently lower polarized than its emitter and the transistor is turned off. That means Q1 is turned off too the energy source is switched off and long term storage is protected. The selected voltage detector must have a very low quiescent current in the operating range, and an appropriate threshold voltage, corresponding to the selected long term energy storage voltage (e.g. threshold nominally 3.2 V for a 3.3 V capacitor). If the selected threshold is too low, e.g. 3.0 V, a relatively high amount of energy corresponding to a useful voltage difference of 0.3 V would be wasted. If the nominal threshold is too high, e.g. exactly 3.3 V (not forgetting that this could reach 3.4 V as a result of additional manufacturer tolerances), it could be critical for energy storage life expectation. The S-1000C32- M5T1x voltage detector consequently looks like the best compromise here (rated 3.2 V) Undervoltage protection PAS capacitors should not be deep discharged to voltages below 1.5 V. To avoid long term degradation of their capacity and lifetime, an undervoltage protection block is added. Undervoltage protection is also implemented through Q2. In normal operation, when VDD reaches the VON threshold, the STM 300 charge control CCO goes high, T1B rapidly discharges C3 to GND and Q2 turns on long term storage. The C3 charge recovers very slowly over R6, so Q2 cannot turn off long term storage immediately. Only if VDD falls below VOFF for a longer time does C3 have time to recover and finally to turn off Q2 and thus the long term storage path (over D4) from the STM 300, avoiding deep discharge. For more details and alternative circuits please refer to application note AN EnOcean User Manual Page 22/42

23 4.2 Using the SCO pin STM 300 provides an output signal at SCO which is suited to control the supply of the sensor circuitry. This helps saving energy as the sensor circuitry is only powered as long as necessary. In the default configuration SCO provides a HIGH signal 2 ms (delay time) before the analog inputs are read. Via the programming interface (see 3.8.2) it is possible to adjust the delay time and also the polarity of the signal. The figure above shows, how the SCO pin (with default polarity) can be used to control an external sensor circuit. Do not supply sensors directly from SCO as this output can only provide maximum 15 µa! 4.3 Using the WAKE pins The logic input circuits of the WAKE0 and WAKE1 pins are supplied by UVDD and therefore also usable in Deep Sleep Mode or Flywheel Sleep Mode (via API only). Due to current minimization there is no internal pull-up or pull-down at the WAKE pins. When STM 300 is in Deep Sleep Mode or Flywheel Sleep Mode (via API only) and the logic levels of WAKE0 and / or WAKE1 is changed, STM 300 starts up. As the there is no internal pull-up or pull-down at the WAKE pins, it has to be ensured by external circuitry, that the WAKE pins are at a defined logic level at any time. When using the UVDD regulator output as source for the logic HIGH of the WAKE pins, it is strongly recommended to protect the ultra low power UVDD voltage regulator against (accidental) excessive loading by connection of an external 1.8 MΩ series resistor EnOcean User Manual Page 23/42

24 The figure above shows two examples how the WAKE inputs may be used. When the LRN button is pressed WAKE1 is pulled to GND and a teach-in telegram is transmitted. As long as the button is pressed a small current is flowing from UVDD to GND. WAKE0 is connected to a toggle switch. There is no continuous flow of current in either position of the switch. If more digital inputs with WAKE functionality are needed in an application, WAKE0 can be combined with some of the digital inputs as shown below: 4.4 Using RVDD If RVDD is used in an application circuit a serial ferrite bead shall be used and wire length should be as short as possible (<3 cm). The following ferrite beads have been tested: (0603), (0805) from Würth Elektronik. During radio transmission and reception only small currents may be drawn (I<100 µa). Pulsed current drawn from RVDD has to be avoided. If pulsed currents are necessary, sufficient blocking has to be provided EnOcean User Manual Page 24/42

25 4.5 Antenna options STM 300x Overview Several antenna types have been investigated by EnOcean. Please refer to our application notes AN102, and AN105 which give an overview on our recommendations. All STM300x modules have been approved with whip antenna, and STM 300U with helical and chip antenna in addition MHz modules used in Europe do not need additional approval if the external antenna fulfils the following requirements: Frequency band MHz ISM Antenna must be suited for this band Antenna type Passive Mandatory for radio approval Impedance ~50 Ohm Mandatory for radio approval Maximum gain 0 dbd Mandatory for radio approval In addition it is important to fulfill the following requirements in order to achieve compatibility with other EnOcean products and to ensure excellent EMI robustness: VSWR 3:1 Important for compatibility with EnOcean protocol Return Loss > 6 db Important for compatibility with EnOcean protocol Bandwidth 20 MHz Important if 10 V/m EMI robustness required for device For 315 MHz / MHz modules (STM 300C / STM 300U) please note that a full approval is needed if modules are used with antennas other than the specified antennas Whip antenna 315 MHz Antenna: 150 mm wire, connect to RF_WHIP Minimum GND plane: 50 mm x 50 mm Minimum distance space: 10 mm MHz Antenna: 86 mm wire, connect to RF_WHIP Minimum GND plane: 38 mm x 18 mm Minimum distance space: 10 mm MHz Antenna: 64 mm wire, connect to RF_WHIP Minimum GND plane: 50 mm x 50 mm Minimum distance space: 10 mm 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 25/42

26 4.5.3 Helical antenna (supplier: EnOcean) 315 MHz EnOcean Type: ANT 300C Dimensions differ from drawing below. No limited modular approval available. Please contact EnOcean for MOQ MHz EnOcean Type: ANT 300 Dimensions according to drawing below Connect to RF_WHIP Please contact EnOcean for MOQ. Minimum GND plane: 35 mm x 30 mm Minimum distance space: 10 mm MHz Limited modular approval available Please contact EnOcean for MOQ and necessary limited modular approval user agreement. Dimensions according to drawing below. Connect to RF_WHIP. Minimum GND plane: 35 mm x 30 mm Minimum distance space: 10 mm 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 26/42

27 4.5.4 Chip antenna (supplier: Mitsubishi Material, Type AM11DG-ST01) 315 MHz Modular approval not available. Range and gain significantly reduced because of antenna size vs. the wavelength. Small chip antennas at this frequency may be suited for spaceconstrained applications. Check with supplier for matching circuit and board design guidelines. Supplier can make recommendations or do testing to optimize individual PCB design MHz Additional matching circuit and proper board design is required. Check with supplier for matching circuit and board design guidelines. Connect matching circuit to RF_50 using 50 Ohm strip lines. Please follow 902 MHz board design recommendations and dimensions. Be aware that matching values differ! MHz Limited modular approval is available. Please contact EnOcean to sign the mandatory limited modular approval user agreement. Dimensions may not be shortened. Matching circuit is part of the limited modular approval and may not be changed. Minimum top and bottom side ground plane required as shown below. Connect ground planes using multiple via as shown. Connect matching circuit to RF_50. Use High Q wire wound inductors, e.g Murata LQW18A series. Matching circuits values: L1 = 3.9nH; L2 = 33nH, L3 = 12nH. This antenna evaluation board is available upon request for use with EnOcean EDK 350 developer kit. For any further questions or chip antenna quotes, please refer to Mitsubishi Materials website at or to electroniccomponents@mmus.com EnOcean User Manual Page 27/42

28 4.6 Positioning of the whip antenna Positioning and choice of receiver and transmitter antennas are the most important factors in determining system transmission range. For good receiver performance, great care must be taken about the space immediately around the antenna since this has a strong influence on screening and detuning the antenna. The antenna should be drawn out as far as possible and must never be cut off. Mainly the far end of the wire should be mounted as far away as possible (at least 15 mm) from all metal parts, ground planes, PCB strip lines and fast logic components (e.g. microprocessors). Do not roll up or twist the whip antenna! Radio frequency hash from the motherboard desensitizes the receiver. Therefore: PCB strip lines on the user board should be designed as short as possible A PCB ground plane layer with sufficient ground via is strongly recommended Keep antenna away from noise generating parts of the circuit. Problems may especially occur with switching power supplies! 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 28/42

29 4.7 Recommendations for laying a whip antenna PCB with GND PCB without GND Antenna too close to GND area Antenna end led back to foot point Antenna too close to GND area 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 29/42

30 4.8 Layout recommendations for foot pattern The length of lines connected to I/Os should not exceed 5 cm. It is recommended to have a complete GND layer in the application PCB, at least in the area below the module and directly connected components (e.g. mid-layer of your application PCB). Due to unisolated test points there are live signals accessible on the bottom side of the module. Please regard the following advices to prevent interference with your application circuit: Avoid any copper structure in the area directly underneath the module (top-layer layout of your application PCB). If this is not possible in your design, please provide coating on top of your PCB to prevent short circuits to the module test pads. All bare metal surfaces including via have to be covered (e.g. adequate layout of solder resist). It is mandatory that the area marked by the circle in the figure below is kept clear of any conductive structures in the top layer and 0.3 mm below. Otherwise RF performance will be degraded! Furthermore, any distortive signals (e.g. bus signals or power lines) should not be routed underneath the module. If such signals are present in your design, we suggest separating them by using a ground plane between module and these signal lines. The RVDD line should be kept as short as possible. Please consider recommendations in section EnOcean User Manual Page 30/42

31 Top layer 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 31/42

32 Solder resist top layer 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 32/42

33 Solder paste top layer The data above is also available as EAGLE library. In order to ensure good solder quality a solder mask thickness of 150 µm is recommended. In case a 120 µm solder mask is used, it is recommended to enlarge the solder print. The pads on the solder print should then be 0.1 mm larger than the pad dimensions of the module as specified in chapter 2.3. (not relative to the above drawing). Nevertheless an application and production specific test regarding the amount of soldering paste should be performed to find optimum parameters EnOcean User Manual Page 33/42

34 4.9 Soldering information STM 300 has to be soldered according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C standard. STM 300 shall be handled according to Moisture Sensitivity Level MSL4 which means a floor time of 72 h. STM 300 may be soldered only once, since one time is already consumed at production of the module itself. Once the dry pack bag is opened, the desired quantity of units should be removed and the bag resealed within two hours. If the bag is left open longer than 30 minutes the desiccant should be replaced with dry desiccant. If devices have exceeded the specified floor life time of 72 h, they may be baked according IPC/JEDEC J-STD-033B at max. 90 C for less than 60 h. Devices packaged in moisture-proof packaging should be stored in ambient conditions not exceeding temperatures of 40 C or humidity levels of 90% r.h. STM 300 modules have to be soldered within 6 months after delivery! 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 34/42

35 4.10 Tape & Reel specification Tape running direction 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 35/42

36 4.11 Transmission range The main factors that influence the system transmission range are type and location of the antennas of the receiver and the transmitter, type of terrain and degree of obstruction of the link path, sources of interference affecting the receiver, and Dead spots caused by signal reflections from nearby conductive objects. Since the expected transmission range strongly depends on this system conditions, range tests should categorically be performed before notification of a particular range that will be attainable by a certain application. The following figures for expected transmission range are considered by using a PTM, a STM or a TCM radio transmitter device and the TCM radio receiver device with preinstalled whip antenna and may be used as a rough guide only: Line-of-sight connections: Typically 30 m range in corridors, up to 100 m in halls Plasterboard walls / dry wood: Typically 30 m range, through max. 5 walls Line-of-sight connections: Typically 30 m range in corridors, up to 100 m in halls Ferroconcrete walls / ceilings: Typically 10 m range, through max. 1 ceiling Fire-safety walls, elevator shafts, staircases and supply areas should be considered as screening. The angle at which the transmitted signal hits the wall is very important. The effective wall thickness and with it the signal attenuation varies according to this angle. Signals should be transmitted as directly as possible through the wall. Wall niches should be avoided. Other factors restricting transmission range: Switch mounted on metal surfaces (up to 30% loss of transmission range) Hollow lightweight walls filled with insulating wool on metal foil False ceilings with panels of metal or carbon fiber Lead glass or glass with metal coating, steel furniture The distance between EnOcean receivers and other transmitting devices such as computers, audio and video equipment that also emit high-frequency signals should be at least 0.5 m A summarized application note to determine the transmission range within buildings is available as download from EnOcean User Manual Page 36/42

37 5 AGENCY CERTIFICATIONS The modules have been tested to fulfil the approval requirements for CE (STM 300) and FCC/IC (STM 300C / STM 300U) based on the built-in firmware. When developing customer specific firmware based on the API for this module, special care must be taken not to exceed the specified regulatory limits, e.g. the duty cycle limitations! 5.1 CE approval The modules bear the EC conformity marking CE and conform to the R&TTE EU-directive on radio equipment. The assembly conforms to the European and national requirements of electromagnetic compatibility. The conformity has been proven and the according documentation has been deposited at EnOcean. The modules can be operated without notification and free of charge in the area of the European Union, and in Switzerland. The following provisos apply: EnOcean RF modules must not be modified or used outside their specification limits. EnOcean RF modules may only be used to transfer digital or digitized data. Analog speech and/or music are not permitted. The final product incorporating EnOcean RF modules must itself meet the essential requirement of the R&TTE Directive and a CE marking must be affixed on the final product and on the sales packaging each. Operating instructions containing a Declaration of Conformity has to be attached. If the transmitter is used according to the regulations of the MHz band, a so-called Duty Cycle of 1% per hour must not be exceeded. Permanent transmitters such as radio earphones are not allowed. The module must be used with only the following approved antenna(s). Type Parameter Value Wire/Monopole at RF_WHIP Maximum gain 1.0 dbi External antenna at RF_50 Antenna type Passive Impedance Maximum gain ~50 Ohm 0 dbd 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 37/42

38 5.2 FCC (United States) Certification STM 300C / STM 300U LIMITED MODULAR APPROVAL This is an RF module approved for Limited Modular use operating as an intentional transmitting device with respect to 47 CFR (a-c) and is limited to OEM installation. The module is optimized to operate using small amounts of energy, and may be powered by a battery. The module transmits short radio packets comprised of control signals, (in some cases the control signal may be accompanied with data) such as those used with alarm systems, door openers, remote switches, and the like. The module does not support continuous streaming of voice, video, or any other forms of streaming data; it sends only short packets containing control signals and possibly data. The module is designed to comply with, has been tested according to (a-c), and has been found to comply with each requirement. Thus, a finished device containing the STM 300C or the STM 300U radio module can be operated in the United States without additional Part 15 FCC approval (approval(s) for unintentional radiators may be required for the OEM s finished product), under EnOcean s FCC ID number. This greatly simplifies and shortens the design cycle and development costs for OEM integrators. The module can be triggered manually or automatically, which cases are described below. Manual Activation The radio module can be configured to transmit a short packetized control signal if triggered manually. The module can be triggered, by pressing a switch, for example. The packet contains one (or more) control signals that is(are) intended to control something at the receiving end. The packet may also contain data. Depending on how much energy is available from the energy source, subsequent manual triggers can initiate the transmission of additional control signals. This may be necessary if prior packet(s) was(were) lost to fading or interference. Subsequent triggers can also be initiated as a precaution if any doubt exists that the first packet didn t arrive at the receiver. Each packet that is transmitted, regardless of whether it was the first one or a subsequent one, will only be transmitted if enough energy is available from the energy source. Automatic Activation The radio module also can be configured to transmit a short packetized control signal if triggered automatically, by a relevant change of its inputs or in response to receiving a signal from another transmitter, for example. Again, the packet contains a control signal that is intended to control something at the receiving end and may also contain data. As above, it is possible for the packet to get lost and never reach the receiver. However, if enough energy is available from the energy source, and the module has been configured to do so, then another packet or packets containing the control signal may be transmitted at a later time. The device is capable to operate as a repeater, which can receive signals from the following list of FCC/IC approved transmitters, and retransmit the signals. STM 300C (315 MHz): PTM 200C FCC ID:SZV-PTM200C IC:5713A-PTM200C STM 110C FCC ID:SZV-STM110C IC:5713A-STM110C TCM 200C FCC ID:SZV-TCM2XXC IC:5713A-TCM2XXC TCM 220C FCC ID:SZV-TCM2XXC IC:5713A-TCM2XXC TCM 300C FCC ID:SZV-STM300C IC:5713A-STM300C TCM 310C FCC ID:SZV-STM300C IC:5713A-STM300C 2013 EnOcean User Manual Page 38/42