Evaluation of Percentage Capacity Loss on LTE Network Caused by Intermodulation Distortion in a Coexistence Scenario
|
|
- Osborn Dennis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations vol. 6, issue 62, March 2017 ISSN: Evaluation of ercentage Capacity Loss on LTE Network Caused by Interodulation Distortion in a Coexistence Scenario Ekwuee E. U. 1, Nosiri O. C. 2, Chukwuchekwa N. 3, Okpara R. C. 4 1,2,3,4 Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria ( 1 ekwueeeanuel@yahoo.co, 2 buchinosiri@gail.co, 3 nonwuchekwa2002@yahoo.co, 4 chineduokpara@yahoo.co) Abstract- The paper evaluates the effects of third order Interodulation Distortion (IMD3) on the Long Ter Evolution (LTE) receiver due to coexistence between LTE and GSM networks. Aongst the various existing IMD orders which include first order, second order, third order, fifth order and seventh order. Third order is known to have the greatest distortion effects on a receiver due to its strength and its proxiity to the frequency band of interest. It occurs as a result of the non-linear behavior of coponents or circuit at both the transitter and receiver ends of wireless counication networks. IMD has potential negative effects on a victi receiver which ajorly leads to increase in noise floor level and syste capacity degradation. Deterinistic approach was ipleented in the work assuing worst case scenario. MATLA software siulation was deployed to evaluate the capacity loss at the receiver end relative to a range of distances apart. Results obtained showed severe uplink capacity degradation when VISAFONE LTE network was interfered by INTERCELLULAR LTE downlink and ETISALAT GSM uplink. Various distances ranging fro 500 to 3000 were varied between the ETISALAT GSM network and the VISAFONE LTE network. The results obtained showed that at 500 eters, the percentage capacity degradation was as high as 80. The least percentage capacity loss was obtained as 5.97 at 3000 eters. Keywords- Interodulation Distortion, Coexistence, Long Ter Evolution (LTE), Global Syste for Mobile Telecounication (GSM), Capacity Loss, Uplink and Downlink. I. INTRODUCTION The growth and swift spread of obile counication systes across the globe has necessitated the obile network copanies to strategize advance techniques for quality service delivery. This has brought about the proliferation of base station asks fro different network operators aied at iproving the syste coverage and capacity. The increase has led to various coexistence settings. The coexistence of networks is typically classified as coordinated and uncoordinated setting. The coordinated scenario refers to a case in which the coexisting networks belong to the sae network while the uncoordinated scenario is when the networks belonging to different network providers exist in the sae geographical area [1] The key setback to coexistence of networks is the issue of interference. One of the proinent interferences suffered in such scenario is the Interodulation Distortion (IMD). Others include transitter noise and receiver blocking (receiver desensitization). IMD is a phenoenon caused by coexistence. It is a ulti-tone distortion product that results when two or ore signals are present at the input of a non-linear device [2]. The non-linear device leads to a generation of interodulation products which are sus and differences of ultiples of the fundaental frequencies [2]. These frequencies on their own are harless. However, when two or ore of these IMD products fall within the pass band of a receiver, it interferes with the genuine received signal leading to loss of the signal strength, channel capacity degradation and reduced signal to interference ratio. Of all the interference issues plaguing obile and wireless counication systes, it is observed fro literature that the least attention was paid to IMD. Conversely, as counication systes becoe ore advanced with increase in collocation and coexistence deployent and the need to achieve optial signal to noise ratio, IMD analysis becoes very vital to be neglected. The frequency spectru in theory is an unliited resource. ut then, practically it is liited. This is because different frequencies have their characteristic properties which ay ake the unsuitable for certain applications. When the fourth generation telecounications standard -Long Ter Evolution (LTE) was deployed, there was no defined frequency of operation. Since ost parts of the spectru where already occupied by other wireless systes, the Third Generation artnership roject (3G) recoended that LTE be deployed on any available frequency slot fro 700MHz upwards [3]. This connotes the affiration that the operating frequencies for LTE could vary fro one country or region to the other. In Nigeria, there are four ajor teleco operators naely MTN, AIRTEL, GLOACOM and ETISALAT. These 153
2 networks are referred to as ajor players by virtue of the arket share they control and their network coverage. Altogether, these copanies own over 98% of the obile telecounication arket in Nigeria [4]. Also, ase Transceiver Stations (TS) belonging to these firs can be seen scattered all over the country. They offer voice and data services on the Global syste of Mobile Telecounication (GSM) 900, GSM 1800 and Universal Mobile Telecounication Syste (UMTS) 2100MHz bands. Recently, the Nigerian Counication Coission (NCC) granted licenses to three copanies which include SMILE, INTERCELLULAR and VISAHONE, to deploy LTE services on the 800MHz band [5]. These LTE networks are yet to have nationwide coverage but have already been deployed in three ajor cities in Nigeria, naely, Lagos, Abuja and ort Harcourt. The deployent of LTE services in areas already doinated by GSM and Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) networks could lead to interference due to close frequencies of operation. Fro the theoretical perspective, it was observed that when GSM network coexists with LTE network due to their close frequency bands, could lead to a third (3 rd ) order IMD. The incongruity could be proinent between the downlink of INTERCELLULAR network and the uplink of ETISALAT GSM network. Hence, this necessitated the study to analyze the interfered frequencies and evaluate their syste capacity loss when interfered. II. RELATED WORKS Fro the articles of [1], carried out an analysis on the effect of transitter end interodulation interference and spurious eissions on a base station receiver in a co-located arrangeent. The interference scenario considered was CDMA2000 ase Station and Mobile receivers degraded by Interodulation generated by the transitters of GSM 900 base station. Deterinistic approach was used to define received signal strength and its degradation as a function of distance. Results obtained showed that co-located base stations suffered greater degradation of received signal strength than standalone base station. The author of [6] carried out a study on the coexistence between LTE and GSM in order to identify potential interference issues that ay be encountered. The author used a statistical ethod based on the Monte Carlo technique. The coexistence scenario considered was one in which LTE was deployed in the 900 MHz band also used by GSM. The interference echanis considered where Unwanted eissions and receiver blocking. In this scenario, receiver blocking was over 5% which is the recoended threshold by 3G. Hence, the author recoended the use of a receiver with a blocking response 8d higher than the 3G iniu requireent. This work ainly considered the interference effect caused by one obile station but failed to investigate the effects of Interodulation Distortion which is a proinent interference challenge. The authors of [7] investigated the ipact of interference fro CDMA 2000 base station transitter and a UMTS base station receiver in a co-location arrangeent. Deterinistic technique was used in the analysis by supposing a worst case scenario for both the interfere and the interfered. However the authors aditted that the real life spurious eissions and blocking specifications of the UMTS receiver are better than the values used. Results showed that an isolation of 65d would be required between the CDMA 2000 and UMTS antennae to avoid blocking. This will only be effective when a filter installed at the UMTS receiver end ust have introduced an attenuation of 60 d. Also a 5 MHz guard band between the CDMA downlink and the UMTS uplink was recoended. III. METHODOLOGY With the proliferation of wireless counication systes which resulted to coexistence and co-location scenario. It is usually very iportant to identify potential interfering systes before a new syste is deployed in any environent. While it is relatively easier to identify co-channel and adjacent channel interferers, identifying interferers which causes Interodulation Distortion is soewhat ore challenging. This is because frequencies when operated in isolation are observed harless but could pose serious threats at a receiver front end when it ixes non-linearly with ore than one frequencies. Fro the study, we chose the interferers as the downlink of INTERCELLULAR LTE and the uplink of ETISALAT GSM networks while the interfered syste is the uplink of VISAFONE LTE. The following steps were deployed to calculate the 3 rd order IM products generated by these two interferers. 1. Specify the Victi receiver s pass band: the pass band for the VISAFONE LTE enode receiver is MHz. 2. Specify the operating frequency range of the two interfering systes: intercellular downlink has an operating frequency range of MHz while the ETISALAT Uplink has a frequency range of MHz. 3. Let the interferers be labelled f a and f b respectively, where f a is {842, 843,, 852MHz} and f b is {890, 891,, 895 MHz} 4. All cobination pairs of the individual f a and f b frequencies are evaluated using odels to derive the third order IM products generated 5. For any IM product derived in the preceding step, a quick check is carried out to verify if the frequency falls within the victi receiver pass band. IM products which fall outside this range are of no interest as they do not pose any threat to the syste. IM products which fall within this range are harful and will interfere with the VISAFONE LTE receiver. Figure 1 illustrates the step-by-step approach towards evaluating the interfering third order interodulation products while Table 1 represents the obtained interfering interodulation frequencies. International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, Volue 6, Issue 62, March aper ID:
3 TALE I. INTERFERING IM FREQUENCIES No Start Specify Victi Receiver ass band F pass=> MHz Specify frequency range of interferers LTE: f a => 842, 843,, 852 MHz GSM: f b => 892,893,, 895 MHz Take pair of interferers, f a, f b 2f a ± f b = IM 1 f a ± 2f b = IM 2 Is IM 1 or IM 2 within the Victi Rx pass band? Yes IMD product detected Have all cobinations of f a and f b been evaluated? Yes No Intercellular (MHz) Etisalat (MHz) IM roducts End Figure 1. Flowchart for evaluating interfering third order IM products The values obtained fro the evaluation of the third order IM products generated by the downlink of INTERCELLULAR LTE frequencies and uplink of ETISALAT GSM frequencies are presented in Table 1. Only the IM products capable of causing interference are shown on the table. Other IM products that fall outside the pass band of the VISAFONE enode receiver are not included because they exert no treat on the syste capacity. Table 1 showed that the downlink frequencies of INTERCELLULAR Network ranging fro MHz will generate distortive IM products with the entire uplink frequencies of ETISALAT which ay interfere with the operation of any nearby VISAFONE LTE enode receiver. A. Evaluation of Uplink Capacity Loss The loss of capacity can serve as an indicator as to the ipact of an interference echanis on a victi network. In LTE, any significant capacity loss can have an adverse effect on the services offered to users on the network. LTE network was designed to carry high data rate deanding services such as ultiedia streaing, video conferencing, real-tie internet gaing etc. These activities involve transfer of lots of inforation bits hence any shrink in network capacity will frustrate users especially when network load is high. LTE deands high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and to achieve this, it is necessary to reduce to the barest iniu the effects of all sources of interference. Signal bandwidth in LTE is about 90% of the channel bandwidth. Hence a 10 MHz channel will have a signal bandwidth of 9 MHz [8]. Using Shannon forula for finding axiu channel capacity in bits per second [9]. C log (1 SNR ) bits / sec (1) 2 International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, Volue 6, Issue 62, March aper ID:
4 where is the signal bandwidth, SNR is the Signal to Noise ratio. SNR is a ratio of the ower of the received signal to the noise inherent in the syste. This is expressed as [9]. SNR N (2) where is the strength of the received signal strength of the LTE enode, N is the Noise ower. Noise ower (N) is generated in the receiver circuitry and is expressed as N kt0 (3) 23 where k is the oltzann Constant given as 1.38x 10 J / k T is the receiver operating teperature in Kelvin. The widely 0 accepted value is 290K at an abient teperature of approxiately 17 o C. is the receiver noise bandwidth Lets represent in equation 2 as which is given as rx rx txlug (4) where tx is the strength of the transitted signal Lu is the path loss G is the gain of the receiver antenna tx is assued to be 22d which is the axiu transit power of an LTE MS [10]. The path loss is estiated using the Hata Model for urban area as shown in equations (5) and (6) [11]. Lu log f 13.82log h CH [ log h ] (5) C 3.2(log11.75h ) (6) H Where h is the base station antenna height in eters, h is the height of the obile station in eters, f is the frequency in MHz, d is the distance between the Transitter and Receiver and C is the antenna height correction factor. H The interferers are the LTE enode transitter of another operator (INTERCELLULAR) and the Mobile Station transitters of a GSM operator (ETISALAT). It is assued that the interferers are transitting at axiu power. Let the LTE enode transit at axiu power LTEMAX and the GSM MS transit at axiu power GSMMAX, the loss on the path fro the interfering MS to the victi S is calculated fro equations (5) and (6). Taking h = 1.5eters and h = 30 eters, the path loss fro GSM MS to LTE enode is given as L UM log f log d (7) Siilarly taking h = 30 eters and h = 30 eters, the path loss fro the interfering LTE enode transitter to the victi is given as L U log f log d (8) Interfering signals IRX 1 and IRX 2 reaching the victi enode station fro both interferers has to take into account the path loss. Hence, L IRX 1 LTEMAX U (9) L IRX 2 GSMMAX UM (10) The signal strength degradation ( ) is the difference between the signal strength in a non interfering environent and an interfering environent. This is calculated thus 1 LTEMAX pirx 1 (11) 2 p (12) GSMMAX IRX 2 Where 1 is the LTE signal degradation, 2 is the GSM signal degradation. The Interference power receiver is given by I I ( KT NF) log(10 1) d at the victi LTE enode (13) Where (kt+nf) is the receiver noise floor of each interferer. It is calculated using values derived fro equation 13. Thus, I fro LTE enode is given by 1 10 I LTE ( KT NF) 10 log(10 1) d Also fro GSM MS is given by 2 10 I GSM ( KT NF) 10 log(10 1) d (14) (15) Since the nuber of interfering GSM MS is greater than one at any given instance, the total I fro a population of GSM MS (axiu of 60 MS) is given by I TGSM 60 I x 1 TGSM d (16) The power of the 3 rd order IM products, I3, generated by I LTE and I TGSM interfering signals are calculated thus; I3 2I I 2II3 (17) LTE TGSM International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, Volue 6, Issue 62, March aper ID:
5 Where II3 is the 3 rd order Interodulation intercept point of the LTE receiver. Then, the Signal to Interference plus Noise ratio is calculated using SINR (18) I N Where is the received signal strength, I is the interference and N is the Noise Replacing I with I3 fro equation 18 and rx fro equation 4, equation 19 then becoes rx SINR I3 N (19) Using Shannon s Capacity forula, the LTE Uplink capacity in the presence of interference is given by C int prx log 2 (1 ) bits / sec (20) I3 N Where C int is the victi LTE Uplink capacity due to interference. Capacity loss is given by c 1 c int C L (21) And the percentage loss is coputed using cint % C L (1 ) X100 c (22) The flowchart of figure 2, suarises the procedure for calculating the uplink percentage capacity loss. Start Specify MS, S Tx frequency Specify MS to Victi Receiver distance Calculate athloss fro MS to Victi, L UM and athloss fro S to Victi, L U Calculate signal reaching Victi Rx front end 1RX1 and 1RX2 Calculate signal degradation ( ) Calculate Interfering power at Receiver Su Interfering power for a population of GSM MS Calculate IM signal strength I3 Calculate Uplink Capacity affected by interference C int Calculate Capacity Loss C L and ercentage Capacity Loss %C L IV. RESULTS The interference effects suffered by the LTE uplink was evaluated in ters of uplink capacity loss. The interfering networks are the INTERCELLULAR LTE Downlink and the ETISALAT Uplink. The scenario deployed a concept that the distance between the two base stations (INTERCELLULAR and VISAFONE LTE) are fixed while the distance and nuber of siultaneously transitting obile stations are varied. The distance between the base stations was fixed at 1000 eters with the obile stations. The victi VISAFONE LTE receiver was increented by 500 eters. Table 2 shows the percentage uplink capacity loss as obtained fro equation 22. The GSM interferer power reduces with distance and increases as the nuber of MS increases. Figures 3 to 7 illustrated plots of the nuber of base stations versus the percentage capacity loss for distances ranging fro 500 to TALE II. End Figure 2. Steps to calculate the capacity loss ERCENTAGE VISAFONE LTE ULINK ERCENTAGE CAACITY LOSS % Capacity Loss No of MS International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, Volue 6, Issue 62, March aper ID:
6 Figure 3. Capacity Loss at a distance of 500 eters between the obile and base stations denoted as D MS = 500 eters Figure 6. Capacity loss at D MS = 2000 eters Figure 4. Capacity loss at D MS = 1000 eters Figure 7. Capacity loss at D MS = 3000 eters Figure 5. Capacity loss at D MS = 1500 eters Figure 3 shows the uplink capacity degradation when the obile stations are positioned 500 eters fro the enode receiver. As can be seen fro figure 3, capacity degradation was very severe. A loss of 82.6% was observed when the 60 obile stations were transitted siultaneously. Fro figure 4, the capacity loss stood at 30.2% for 20 obile stations while 60 transitted obile stations resulted in a 37.67% capacity loss. At 1500 eters the severity of the loss in uplink capacity was further reduced for 60 obile stations to 23.51% as shown in figure 5. For 2000 eters and 3000 eters respectively, the capacity loss dropped below 20% as illustrated in figures 6 and 7. Although a 20% capacity loss is a relatively low percentage, it is still significant because in peak periods, subscribers will be short-serviced due to reduced capacity. The results obtained have shown severe degradation of the network capacity. This deonstrates that the IMD generated due to this interference scenario is not suitable for the operation of the VISAFONE enode receiver owing to the fact that Third Generation artnership roject recoended a axiu tolerable loss of 5% capacity [10]. It therefore requires ipleenting itigation techniques such as filtering to reduce the power effect. International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, Volue 6, Issue 62, March aper ID:
7 V. CONCLUSION This work evaluated the effects of Interodulation Distortion on the uplink capacity of an LTE network due to coexistence with other networks. Using coputational ethod, the IM frequencies capable of causing interference where derived. The signals fro an INTERCELLULAR LTE downlink and ETISALAT uplink were observed to generate distortive Interodulation frequencies when incident on the front end of VISAFONE LTE base station receiver. An evaluation of the effects of IMD on a receiver was carried out using deterinistic ethod. Worst case scenario in which the interferers were transitting at axiu power was assued. The interference scenario in this work consists of one LTE enode interferer at a fixed distance and a population of GSM obile station interferers at varying distances fro the victi LTE receiver. The degradation suffered by the receiver due to IM interference capacity was evaluated in ters of uplink capacity loss. Loss of capacity was observed to be as high as 80% in soe cases and the least capacity loss at 3000 was 5.97%. REFERENCES [1] Okorogu Victor, Onoh G. N., Onyishi D. U., Utebor N. N., Mitigation of Interodulation Effects due to coexistence of GSM 900 and CDMA x Systes International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volue 4, Issue 6, June ISSN , [2] aschos G., Kotsopoulos K.A., Zogas D. A., Karagiannidis G. K. (2003), "The ipact of interodulation interference in superiposed 2G and 3G wireless networks and optiization issues of the provided QoS", roc. CCCT03, [3] Maatin Sint ureau Telecounications and ost LTE Options, pp 1-49, [4] Industry Statistics, Market share by technology (2017). Retrieved fro [5] Frequency Allocation Tables National Frequency Manageent Council of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, [6] Cătălina-Marina Crina, Study on Coexistence between Long Ter Evolution and Global Syste for Mobile Counication, TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS and COMMUNICATIONS Volue 59(73), Issue 1, [7] Haeed A., Oudah A., Interference in wireless networks: Causes, analyses and practical itigating techniques, Modern Applied Science, Vol. 8, No. 5, ISSN DOI, [8] 3G TS V GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network; Radio transission and reception (Release 9) 3rd Generation artnership roject (3G), 2009 [9] Shannon C. E., A Matheatical Theory of Counication, The ell Syste Technical Journal, Vol. 27, pp , , July, October, [10] 3G TS V9.1.0, LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) User Equipent (UE) radio transission and reception (Release 10) 3rd Generation artnership roject (3G),2011. [11] Hata, M., Epirical forula for propagation loss in land obile radio services," IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, Vol. 29, , 1980 International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, Volue 6, Issue 62, March aper ID:
Keywords: International Mobile Telecommunication (IMT) Systems, evaluating the usage of frequency bands, evaluation indicators
2nd International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Inforatics (AMEII 206) Entropy Method based Evaluation for Spectru Usage Efficiency of International Mobile Telecounication
More informationRAKE Receiver. Tommi Heikkilä S Postgraduate Course in Radio Communications, Autumn II.
S-72333 Postgraduate Course in Radio Counications, Autun 2004 1 RAKE Receiver Toi Heikkilä toiheikkila@teliasoneraco Abstract RAKE receiver is used in CDMA-based (Code Division Multiple Access) systes
More informationEnergy-Efficient Cellular Communications Powered by Smart Grid Technology
Energy-Efficient Cellular Counications Powered by Sart Grid Technology Itiaz Nasi, Mostafa Zaan Chowdhury, and Md. Syadus Sefat Departent of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Khulna University of Engineering
More informationStudy on Coexistence between Long Term Evolution and Global System for Mobile Communication
Buletinul Ştiințific al Universității Politehnica Timişoara TRANSACTIONS on ELECTRONICS and COMMUNICATIONS Volume 59(73), Issue 1, 2014 Study on Coexistence between Long Term Evolution and Global System
More informationCOMBINED FREQUENCY AND SPATIAL DOMAINS POWER DISTRIBUTION FOR MIMO-OFDM TRANSMISSION
The 8th nnual IEEE International Syposiu on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Counications (PIMRC 07) COMINED FREQUENCY ND SPTIL DOMINS POWER DISTRIUTION FOR MIMO-OFDM TRNSMISSION Wladiir ocquet, Kazunori
More informationTransmit Power and Bit Allocations for OFDM Systems in a Fading Channel
Transit Power and Bit Allocations for OFD Systes in a Fading Channel Jiho Jang *, Kwang Bok Lee, and Yong-Hwan Lee * Sasung Electronics Co. Ltd., Suwon P.O.Box, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 44-74, Korea School
More information4G Communication Resource Analysis with Adaptive Physical Layer Technique
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volue 33 uber - March 206 4G Counication Resource Analysis with Adaptive Physical Layer Technique Mubinul Haque, Dr. Md. Abu Bakar Siddiqui
More informationKalman Filtering for NLOS Mitigation and Target Tracking in Indoor Wireless Environment
16 Kalan Filtering for NLOS Mitigation and Target Tracking in Indoor Wireless Environent Chin-Der Wann National Sun Yat-Sen University Taiwan 1. Introduction Kalan filter and its nonlinear extension, extended
More informationAn orthogonal multi-beam based MIMO scheme. for multi-user wireless systems
An orthogonal ulti-bea based IO schee for ulti-user wireless systes Dong-chan Oh o and Yong-Hwan Lee School of Electrical Engineering and IC, Seoul ational University Kwana P.O. Box 34, Seoul, 151-600,
More informationPath-Loss Estimation for Wireless Cellular Networks Using Okumura/Hata Model
Science Journal of Circuits, Systes and Signal Processing 018; 7(1): 0-7 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.co/j/cssp doi: 10.11648/j.cssp.0180701.13 ISSN: 36-9065 (Print); ISSN: 36-9073 (Online) Path-Loss
More informationPREDICTING SOUND LEVELS BEHIND BUILDINGS - HOW MANY REFLECTIONS SHOULD I USE? Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead, UK
PREDICTING SOUND LEVELS BEHIND BUILDINGS - HOW MANY REFLECTIONS SHOULD I USE? W Wei A Cooke J Havie-Clark Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead, UK Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead, UK Apex Acoustics Ltd, Gateshead,
More informationKeywords Frequency-domain equalization, antenna diversity, multicode DS-CDMA, frequency-selective fading
Joint Frequency-doain Equalization and Antenna Diversity Cobining for Orthogonal Multicode DS-CDMA Signal Transissions in A Frequency-selective Fading Channel Taeshi ITAGAKI *1 and Fuiyui ADACHI *2 Dept.
More informationPower Optimal Signaling for Fading Multi-access Channel in Presence of Coding Gap
Power Optial Signaling for Fading Multi-access Channel in Presence of Coding Gap Ankit Sethi, Prasanna Chaporkar, and Abhay Karandikar Abstract In a ulti-access fading channel, dynaic allocation of bandwidth,
More informationDIRECT MAPPING OVSF-BASED TRANSMISSION SCHEME FOR UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION
Journal of Marine Science and Technology, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 413-418 (2010) 413 DIRECT MAPPING OVSF-BASED TRANSMISSION SCHEME FOR UNDERWATER ACOUSTIC MULTIMEDIA COMMUNICATION Chin-Feng Lin*, Jiang-Yao
More informationWhite Paper. 850 MHz & 900 MHz Co-Existence. 850 MHz Out-Of-Band Emissions Problem xxxx-xxxreva
White Paper 850 MHz & 900 MHz Co-Existence 850 MHz Out-Of-Band Emissions Problem 2016 xxxx-xxxreva White Paper 850 MHz & 900 MHz Coexistence - 850 MHz Out-of-Band Emissions Problem Table of Contents Introduction
More informationA soft decision decoding of product BCH and Reed-Müller codes for error control and peak-factor reduction in OFDM
A soft decision decoding of product BCH and Reed-Müller codes for error control and pea-factor reduction in OFDM Yves LOUET *, Annic LE GLAUNEC ** and Pierre LERAY ** * PhD Student and ** Professors, Departent
More informationRadio Resource Management in a Coordinated Cellular Distributed Antenna System By Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Radio Resource Manageent in a Coordinated Cellular Distributed Antenna Syste By Using Particle Swar Optiization Oer Haliloglu (1), Cenk Toker (1), Gurhan Bulu (1), Hali Yanikoeroglu (2) (1) Departent of
More informationPerformance of Multiuser MIMO System Employing Block Diagonalization with Antenna Selection at Mobile Stations
Perforance of Multiuser MIMO Syste Eploying Bloc Diagonalization with Antenna Selection at Mobile Stations Feng Wang, Mare E. Bialowsi School of Inforation Technology and Electrical Engineering The University
More informationMitigation of GPS L 2 signal in the H I observation based on NLMS algorithm Zhong Danmei 1, a, Wang zhan 1, a, Cheng zhu 1, a, Huang Da 1, a
2nd International Conference on Electrical, Coputer Engineering and Electronics (ICECEE 25 Mitigation of GPS L 2 signal in the H I observation based on NLMS algorith Zhong Danei, a, Wang zhan, a, Cheng
More informationAdaptive Harmonic IIR Notch Filter with Varying Notch Bandwidth and Convergence Factor
Journal of Counication and Coputer (4 484-49 doi:.765/548-779/4.6. D DAVID PUBLISHING Adaptive Haronic IIR Notch Filter with Varying Notch Bandwidth and Convergence Factor Li Tan, Jean Jiang, and Liango
More informationPower Improvement in 64-Bit Full Adder Using Embedded Technologies Er. Arun Gandhi 1, Dr. Rahul Malhotra 2, Er. Kulbhushan Singla 3
Power Iproveent in 64-Bit Full Adder Using Ebedded Technologies Er. Arun Gandhi 1, Dr. Rahul Malhotra 2, Er. Kulbhushan Singla 3 1 Departent of ECE, GTBKIET, Chhapianwali Malout, Punjab 2 Director, Principal,
More informationTESTING OF ADCS BY FREQUENCY-DOMAIN ANALYSIS IN MULTI-TONE MODE
THE PUBLISHING HOUSE PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROMANIAN ACADEMY, Series A, OF THE ROMANIAN ACADEMY Volue 5, Nuber /004, pp.000-000 TESTING OF ADCS BY FREQUENCY-DOMAIN ANALYSIS IN MULTI-TONE MODE Daniel BELEGA
More informationCH 24 SLOPE. rise = run. Ch 24 Slope. Introduction
9 CH SLOPE Introduction A line has any attributes, or characteristics. Two of the ost iportant are its intercepts and its slope. The intercepts (previous chapter) tell us where the line crosses the x-axis
More informationADJACENT BAND COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN GSM AND CDMA-PAMR AT 915 MHz
Page 1 Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) ADJACENT BAND COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN GSM AND CDMA-PAMR AT 915 MHz
More informationEFFECTS OF MASKING ANGLE AND MULTIPATH ON GALILEO PERFORMANCES IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
1 EFFECTS OF MASKING ANGLE AND MULTIPATH ON GALILEO PERFORMANCES IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS M. Malicorne*, M. Bousquet**, V. Calettes*** SUPAERO, 1 avenue Edouard Belin BP 43, 3155 Toulouse Cedex, France.
More informationResearch Article Dynamic Beamforming for Three-Dimensional MIMO Technique in LTE-Advanced Networks
Antennas and Propagation Volue 213, Article ID 76457, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/1.1155/213/76457 Research Article Dynaic Beaforing for Three-Diensional MIMO Technique in LTE-Advanced Networks Yan Li, Xiaodong
More informationPerformance Evaluation of UWB Sensor Network with Aloha Multiple Access Scheme
1 Perforance Evaluation of UWB Sensor Network with Aloha Multiple Access Schee Roeo Giuliano 1 and Franco Mazzenga 2 1 RadioLabs Consorzio Università Industria, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Roe, Italy,
More informationELEC2202 Communications Engineering Laboratory Frequency Modulation (FM)
ELEC Counications Engineering Laboratory ---- Frequency Modulation (FM) 1. Objectives On copletion of this laboratory you will be failiar with: Frequency odulators (FM), Modulation index, Bandwidth, FM
More informationUsing Adaptive Modulation in a LEO Satellite Communication System
Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on COMMUNICATIONS, Agios Nikolaos, Crete Island, Greece, July 26-28, 27 255 Using Adaptive Modulation in a LEO Satellite Counication Syste L. HADJ
More informationSecondary-side-only Simultaneous Power and Efficiency Control in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System
069060 Secondary-side-only Siultaneous Power and Efficiency Control in Dynaic Wireless Power Transfer Syste 6 Giorgio ovison ) Daita Kobayashi ) Takehiro Iura ) Yoichi Hori ) ) The University of Tokyo,
More informationA Novel NLOS Mitigation Approach for Wireless Positioning System
2 3rd International Conference on Coputer and Electrical Engineering (ICCEE 2) IPCSIT vol. 53 (22) (22) IACSIT Press, Singapore DOI:.7763/IPCSIT.22.V53.No..54 A Novel NLOS Mitigation Approach for Wireless
More informationREPORT ITU-R M
Rep. ITU-R M.2113-1 1 REPORT ITU-R M.2113-1 Sharing studies in the 2 500-2 690 band between IMT-2000 and fixed broadband wireless access systems including nomadic applications in the same geographical
More informationDistributed Resource Allocation for Proportional Fairness in Multi-Band Wireless Systems
Distributed Resource Allocation for Proportional Fairness in Multi-Band Wireless Systes I-Hong Hou CSL and Departent of CS University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801, USA ihou2@illinois.edu Piyush Gupta Bell
More informationCDMA Spread Spectrum in Communications Systems
Muhaad Ali Jinnah University, Islaabad Capus, akistan in Counications Systes ORIGIAL SIGAL BI Lecturer: Assoc. rof. Dr oor M Khan Departent of Electronic Engineering, Muhaad Ali Jinnah University, Islaabad
More informationVHDL-AMS Behavioral Modeling and Simulation of M-QAM transceiver system
SETT 7 th nternational Conference: Sciences Of Electronic, Technologies Of nforation And Telecounications March 5-9, 7 TUNSA VHDL-AMS Behavioral Modeling and Siulation of M-AM transceiver syste Kari JABER,
More informationEfficient Non-linear Changed Mel-filter Bank VAD Algorithm
Matheatical Models and Methods in Modern Science Efficient on-linear Changed Mel-filter Bank VAD Algorith DAMJA VLAJ, ZDRAVKO KAČIČ, MARKO KOS Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Coputer Science University
More informationAllocation of Multiple Services in Multi-Access Wireless Systems
Allocation of Multiple Serices in Multi-Access Wireless Systes Anders Furuskär Wireless@KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden and Ericsson Research anders.furuskar@era.ericsson.se Abstract This paper
More informationSECURITY AND BER PERFORMANCE TRADE-OFF IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
Latin Aerican Applied Research 39:187-192 (2009) SECURITY AND BER PERFORMANCE TRADE-OFF IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS L. ARNONE, C. GONZÁLEZ, C. GAYOSO, J. CASTIÑEIRA MOREIRA and M. LIBERATORI
More informationANALOGUE & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
1 ANALOGUE & DIGITAL COMMUNICATION Syed M. Zafi S. Shah & Uair Mujtaba Qureshi Lectures 5-6: Aplitude Modulation Part 1 Todays topics Recap of Advantages of Modulation Analog Modulation Defining Generation
More informationA New Localization and Tracking Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Internet of Things
Sensors & Transducers 203 by IFSA http://www.sensorsportal.co A New Localization and Tracking Algorith for Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Internet of Things, 2 Zhang Feng, Xue Hui-Feng, 2 Zhang Yong-Heng,
More informationOTC Statistics of High- and Low-Frequency Motions of a Moored Tanker. sensitive to lateral loading such as the SAL5 and
OTC 61 78 Statistics of High- and Low-Frequency Motions of a Moored Tanker by J.A..Pinkster, Maritie Research Inst. Netherlands Copyright 1989, Offshore Technology Conference This paper was presented at
More informationADJACENT BAND COMPATIBILITY OF 400 MHZ TETRA AND ANALOGUE FM PMR AN ANALYSIS COMPLETED USING A MONTE CARLO BASED SIMULATION TOOL
European Radiocommunications Committee (ERC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) ADJACENT BAND COMPATIBILITY OF 400 MHZ AND ANALOGUE FM PMR AN ANALYSIS
More informationREPORT ITU-R SA Telecommunication characteristics and requirements for space VLBI systems
Rep. ITU-R SA.2132 1 REPORT ITU-R SA.2132 Telecounication characteristics and requireents for space VLBI systes (2008) This Report describes the characteristics of the space VLBI systes. These characteristics
More informationPerformance Analysis of an AMC System with an Iterative V-BLAST Decoding Algorithm
I. J. Counications, Network and Syste Sciences, 008,, 105-06 Published Online May 008 in SciRes (http://www.srpublishing.org/journal/ijcns/). Perforance Analysis of an AMC Syste with an Iterative V-BLAST
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC COVERAGE CALCULATION IN GIS
ELECTROMAGNETIC COVERAGE CALCULATION IN GIS M. Uit Guusay 1, Alper Sen 1, Uut Bulucu 2, Aktul Kavas 2 1 Yildiz Technical University, Departent of Geodesy and Photograetry Engineering, Besiktas, Istanbul,
More informationTransmit Beamforming and Iterative Water-Filling Based on SLNR for OFDMA Systems
Transit Beaforing and Iterative Water-Filling Based on SLNR for OFDMA Systes Kazunori Hayashi, Megui Kaneko, Takeshi Fui, Hideaki Sakai Graduate School of Inforatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honachi
More informationDistributed Resource Allocation Assisted by Intercell Interference Mitigation in Downlink Multicell MC DS-CDMA Systems
1 Distributed Resource Allocation Assisted by Intercell Interference Mitigation in Downlin Multicell MC DS-CDMA Systes Jia Shi, Zhengyu Song, IEEE Meber, and Qiang Ni, IEEE Senior Meber Abstract This paper
More informationRelation between C/N Ratio and S/N Ratio
Relation between C/N Ratio and S/N Ratio In our discussion in the past few lectures, we have coputed the C/N ratio of the received signals at different points of the satellite transission syste. The C/N
More informationA Selection Region Based Routing Protocol for Random Mobile ad hoc Networks with Directional Antennas
A Selection Region Based Routing Protocol for Rando Mobile ad hoc Networks with Directional Antennas arxiv:1011.6017v1 cs.it] 8 Nov 010 Di Li, Changchuan Yin, and Changhai Chen Key Laboratory of Universal
More informationUplink blocking probability calculation for cellular systems with WCDMA radio interface and finite source population
Uplin blocing probability calculation for cellular systes with WCDMA radio interface and finite source population Mariusz Głąbowsi *, Macie Stasia *, Aradiusz Wiśniewsi and Piotr Zwierzyowsi * * Institute
More informationIterative Receiver Signal Processing for Joint Mitigation of Transmitter and Receiver Phase Noise in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Link
Iterative Receiver Signal Processing for Joint Mitigation of Transitter and Receiver Phase Noise in OFDM-Based Cognitive Radio Link Ville Syrjälä and Mikko Valkaa Departent of Counications Engineering
More informationDSI3 Sensor to Master Current Threshold Adaptation for Pattern Recognition
International Journal of Signal Processing Systes Vol., No. Deceber 03 DSI3 Sensor to Master Current Threshold Adaptation for Pattern Recognition David Levy Infineon Austria AG, Autootive Power Train Systes,
More informationImpact of Sectorization/Vehicular Traffic on Minimum Cell Size for Information Capacity Increase in Cellular Systems
ELECTOICS, VOL. 7, O., JUE 03 Ipact of Sectorization/Vehicular Traffic on Miniu Cell Size for Inforation Capacity Increase in Cellular Systes Kwashie A. Anang, Predrag B. apajic, and uiheng Wu Abstract
More information3GPP TR V7.0.0 ( )
TR 25.816 V7.0.0 (2005-12) Technical Report 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; UMTS 900 MHz Work Item Technical Report (Release 7) The present document
More informationModeling Beam forming in Circular Antenna Array with Directional Emitters
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES) ISSN (Online): 2320-9364, ISSN (Print): 2320-9356 Volue 5 Issue 3 ǁ Mar. 2017 ǁ PP.01-05 Modeling Bea foring in Circular Antenna Array
More information2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media,
2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising
More informationImplementation of Adaptive Viterbi Decoder
Ipleentation of Adaptive Viterbi Decoder Devendra Made #1 VIII Se B.E.(Etrx) K.D.K.College of Engineering, Nagpur, Maharashtra(I) Asst. Prof. R.B. Khule *2 M.Tech V.L.S.I. K.D.K.College of Engineering,
More informationInterference Management in LTE Femtocell Systems Using Fractional Frequency Reuse
Interference Manageent in LTE Fetocell Systes Using Fractional Frequency Reuse Poongup Lee and Jitae Shin School of Inforation and Counication Engineering Sungyunwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea {poongup,
More informationPARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF THE ADAPTIVE MVDR QR-BASED BEAMFORMER FOR JAMMING AND MULTIPATH SUPRESSION IN GPS/GLONASS RECEIVERS
PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION OF THE ADAPTIVE MVDR QR-BASED BEAMFORMER FOR JAMMING AND MULTIPATH SUPRESSION IN GPS/GLONASS RECEIVERS V. Behar 1, Ch. Kabakchiev 2, G. Gaydadjiev 3, G.Kuzanov 4, P. Ganchosov 5
More informationCOMPARISON OF TOKEN HOLDING TIME STRATEGIES FOR A STATIC TOKEN PASSING BUS. M.E. Ulug
COMPARISON OF TOKEN HOLDING TIME STRATEGIES FOR A STATIC TOKEN PASSING BUS M.E. Ulug General Electric Corporate Research and Developent Schenectady, New York 1245 ABSTRACT Waiting ties have been calculated
More informationCHAPTER 10 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 10.1 Conclusions
CHAPTER 10 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 10.1 Conclusions This dissertation reported results of an investigation into the performance of antenna arrays that can be mounted on handheld radios. Handheld arrays
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,900 116,000 10M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our authors
More informationOptimal Modulation Index of the Mach-Zehnder Modulator in a Coherent Optical OFDM System Employing Digital Predistortion
Optial Modulation Index of the Mach-Zehnder Modulator in a Coherent Optical OFDM yste Eploying Digital redistortion David Rörich, Xiaojie Wang, Michael Bernhard, Joachi peidel Universität tuttgart, Institut
More informationSuccess Probability of Millimeter-Wave D2D Networks with Heterogeneous Antenna Arrays
Success Probability of Millieter-Wave D2D Networks with Heterogeneous Antenna Arrays Na Deng, Yi Sun School of Inforation & Counication Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian, Liaoning, 11624,
More informationExposure assessment in the vicinity of 900 MHz GSM base station antenna
Proceedings of the 11th WSEAS International Conference on COMMUNICATIONS, Agios Nikolaos, Crete Island, Greece, July 6-8, 007 139 Exposure assessent in the vicinity of 900 MHz GSM base station MIMOZA IBRANI,
More informationInvestigating Multiple Alternating Cooperative Broadcasts to Enhance Network Longevity
Investigating Multiple Alternating Cooperative Broadcasts to Enhance Network Longevity Aravind Kailas School of Electrical and Coputer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 3033-050,
More informationMOBILE OPTICAL WIRELESS SYSTEM FOR HEALTHCARE CONTINUOUS MONITORING USING IR TECHNOLOGY
31 st August 015. Vol.78. No.3 005-015 JATIT & LLS. All rights reserved. ISSN: 199-8645 www.jatit.org E-ISSN: 1817-3195 MOBILE OPTICAL WIRELESS SYSTEM FOR HEALTHCARE CONTINUOUS MONITORING USING IR TECHNOLOGY
More informationMultiresolution MBMS Transmissions for MIMO UTRA LTE Systems
Multiresolution MBMS Transissions for MIMO UTRA LTE Systes Nuno Souto Aérico Correia Rui Dinis João Carlos Silva Luís Abreu ISCTE / Instituto de Telecounicações/ADETTI Lisboa Portugal nuno.souto@lx.it.pt
More informationReal Time Etch-depth Measurement Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, (8): -7, 1 ISSN 1991-8178 Real Tie Etch-depth Measureent Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor 1 Reza Hosseini, Navid Rahany, 3 Behrad Soltanbeigi, Rouzbeh
More informationOutage Probability of Alamouti based Cooperative Communications with Multiple Relay Nodes using Network Coding
Outage Probability of Alaouti based Cooperative Counications with Multiple Relay Nodes using Network Coding Gordhan Das Menghwar and Christoph F. Mecklenbräuker 2 Inforation Technology Centre Sindh Agriculture
More informationA Novel TDS-FDMA Scheme for Multi-User Uplink Scenarios
A Novel TDS-FDMA Schee for Multi-User Uplink Scenarios Linglong Dai, Zhaocheng Wang, Jun Wang, and Zhixing Yang Tsinghua National Laboratory for Inforation Science and Technology, Electronics Engineering
More informationCo-Existence of UMTS900 and GSM-R Systems
Asdfadsfad Omnitele Whitepaper Co-Existence of UMTS900 and GSM-R Systems 30 August 2011 Omnitele Ltd. Tallberginkatu 2A P.O. Box 969, 00101 Helsinki Finland Phone: +358 9 695991 Fax: +358 9 177182 E-mail:
More informationHarmful Effects of Penetrated Electric Field of Mobile Phone Tower Radiations on Skin and Blood Tissues of Human Body
Mushtaq Ahed Bhat et al /J. Phar. Sci. & Res. Vol. 8(2), 216, 9-66 Harful Effects of Penetrated Electric Field of Mobile Phone Tower Radiations on Skin and Blood Tissues of Huan Body 1 Mushtaq Ahed Bhat
More informationDesign and Implementation of Serial Port Ultrasonic Distance Measurement System Based on STC12 Jian Huang
International Conference on Education, Manageent and Coputer Science (ICEMC 2016) Design and Ipleentation of Serial Port Ultrasonic Distance Measureent Syste Based on STC12 Jian Huang Xijing University,
More informationResearch Letter Chip-Level HARQ Chase Combining for HSUPA
Research Letters in Counications Volue 29, Article ID 23276, 4 pages doi:11155/29/23276 Research Letter Chip-Level HARQ Chase Cobining for HSUPA Mohaed Et Tolba, 1, 2 Sair Saoudi, 1, 2 Raphaël Visoz, 3
More informationES 442 Homework #8 Solutions (Spring 2018 Due April 16, 2018 ) Print out homework and do work on the printed pages.. Problem 1 ASCII Code (20 points)
Hoework 8 NAME olutions E 44 Hoework #8 olutions (pring 018 Due April 16, 018 ) Print out hoework and do work on the printed pages.. Proble 1 ACII Code (0 points) he Aerican tandard Code for Inforation
More informationAN OPTIMAL DESIGN PROCESS FOR AN ADEQUATE PRODUCT?
AN OPTIMAL DESIGN PROCESS FOR AN ADEQUATE PRODUCT? P. J. Clarkson University of Cabridge Departent of Engineering e-ail: pjc10@ca.ac.uk Keywords: process odelling, robustness, optiisation Abstract: The
More informationOPTIMIZE THE POWER CONTROL AND NETWORK LIFETIME USING ZERO - SUM GAME THEORY FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
OTIMIZE THE OWER CONTROL AND NETWORK LIFETIME USING ZERO - SUM GAME THEORY FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS Vinoba.V 1, Chithra.S.M 1 Departent of Matheatics, K.N. Governent Arts college, Tail Nadu,( India.)
More informationPublished in: ICWMC 2015, The Eleventh International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Communications
Aalborg Universitet Throughput Analysis of Full Duplex Counication with Asyetric Traffic in Sall Cell Systes Mahood, Nurul Huda; Berardinelli, Gilberto; Mogensen, Preben Elgaard; Frederiksen, Frank Published
More informationFundamental study for measuring microflow with Michelson interferometer enhanced by external random signal
Bulletin of the JSME Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systes, and Manufacturing Vol.8, No.4, 2014 Fundaental study for easuring icroflow with Michelson interferoeter enhanced by external rando signal
More informationPower-Efficient Resource Allocation for MC-NOMA with Statistical Channel State Information
Power-Efficient Resource Allocation for MC-NOMA with Statistical Channel State Inforation Zhiqiang Wei, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, and Jinhong Yuan School of Electrical Engineering and Telecounications, The
More informationThe PAPR and Simple PAPR Reduction of the 2D Spreading Based Communication Systems
RADIOENGINEERING, VOL. 9, NO., APRIL 7 The PAPR and Siple PAPR Reduction of the D Spreading Based Counication Systes Jiří BLUMENSTEIN, Zbyněk FEDRA Dept. of Radio Electronics, Brno University of Technology,
More informationExploring the Electron Tunneling Behavior of Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) tip and n-type Semiconductor
Page 110 Exploring the of Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) tip and n-type Seiconductor M. A. Rahan * and J. U. Ahed Departent of Applied Physics, Electronics & Counication Engineering, University of
More informationNew Characteristics Analysis Considering Transmission Distance and Load Variation in Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonant Coupling
New Characteristics nalysis Considering Transission Distance and oad Variation in Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonant Coupling Masaki Kato, Takehiro ura, Yoichi Hori The Departent of dvanced
More informationINTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T J.133 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (07/2002) SERIES J: CABLE NETWORKS AND TRANSMISSION OF TELEVISION, SOUND PROGRAMME AND OTHER MULTIMEDIA
More informationSmarter Balanced Assessment Consortium Claims, Targets, and Standard Alignment for Math
Sarter Balanced Assessent Consortiu Clais, s, Stard Alignent for Math The Sarter Balanced Assessent Consortiu (SBAC) has created a hierarchy coprised of clais targets that together can be used to ake stateents
More informationInternational Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Vol. 1, No. 3, September, 2013 MC-DS-CDMA
International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Vol. 1, No. 3, Septeber, 2013 Analysis of Carrier Frequency Selective Offset Estiation - Using Zero-IF and ZCZ In MC-DS-CDMA Venkatachala.
More informationTV White Spaces Maps Computation through Interference Analysis
TV White Spaces Maps Computation through Interference Analysis Rogério DIONISIO 1,2, Paulo MARQUES 1,2, Jonathan RODRIGUEZ 2 1 Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, 6-767, Portugal
More informationThe need for Tower Mounted Amplifiers
The need for Tower Mounted Amplifiers João Moreira Rebelo and Nuno Borges Carvalho a15853@alunos.det.ua.pt and nborges@ieee.org Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Introduction
More informationA New Simple Model for Land Mobile Satellite Channels
A New Siple Model for Land Mobile Satellite Channels A. Abdi, W. C. Lau, M.-S. Alouini, and M. Kaveh Dept. of Elec. and Cop. Eng., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Eails: {abdi, wlau, alouini,
More informationSelective Harmonic Elimination for Multilevel Inverters with Unbalanced DC Inputs
Selective Haronic Eliination for Multilevel Inverters with Unbalanced DC Inputs Abstract- Selective haronics eliination for the staircase voltage wavefor generated by ultilevel inverters has been widely
More informationBlock Diagram of FM Receiver
FM Receivers FM receivers, like AM receivers, utilize the superheterodyne principle, but they operate at uch higher frequencies (88-108 MHz). A liiter is often used to ensure the received signal is constant
More informationA Novel Frequency Independent Simultaneous Matching Technique for Power Gain and Linearity in BJT amplifiers
A Novel requency Independent iultaneous Matching Technique for Power Gain and Linearity in BJT aplifiers Mark P. van der Heijden, Henk. de Graaff, Leo. N. de Vreede Laboratory of Electronic oponents, Technology
More informationOverlapping Signal Separation in DPX Spectrum Based on EM Algorithm. Chuandang Liu 1, a, Luxi Lu 1, b
nd International Worshop on Materials Engineering and Coputer Sciences (IWMECS 015) Overlapping Signal Separation in DPX Spectru Based on EM Algorith Chuandang Liu 1, a, Luxi Lu 1, b 1 National Key Laboratory
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Technology 24 (2016 )
Available online at www.sciencedirect.co ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 4 (16 ) 834 841 International Conference on Eerging Trends in Engineering, Science and Technology (ICETEST - 15) An Intensity
More informationCo-existence. DECT/CAT-iq vs. other wireless technologies from a HW perspective
Co-existence DECT/CAT-iq vs. other wireless technologies from a HW perspective Abstract: This White Paper addresses three different co-existence issues (blocking, sideband interference, and inter-modulation)
More informationDelay performance of cognitive radio networks for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications
Tran et al. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Counications and Networking 2012, 2012:9 R E S E A R C H Open Access Delay perforance of cognitive radio networks for point-to-point and point-to-ultipoint counications
More informationARecent report pointed out that in 2014 the amount of data
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. XX, NO. XX, JANUARY 2XX 1 QoS-Aware Energy Efficient Association and Resource Scheduling for HetNets Taewoon Ki and J. Morris Chang, Senior Meber, IEEE Abstract
More informationAnalysis on DV-Hop Algorithm and its variants by considering threshold
Analysis on DV-Hop Algorith and its variants by considering threshold Aanpreet Kaur 1, Pada Kuar 1, Govind P Gupta 2 1 Departent of Coputer Science & Engineering Jaypee Institute of Inforation Technology,
More informationADJACENT BAND COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN GSM AND TETRA MOBILE SERVICES AT 915 MHz
Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) within the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) ADJACENT BAND COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN GSM AND TETRA MOBILE SERVICES AT 915
More information