MEMS And Advanced Radar

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1 MEMS And Advanced Radar Dr. John K. Smith DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 1

2 Active ESA DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 2

3 T / R Module TX Controller Logic RX DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 3

4 MEM RF Switch Digital Mirror Device Shunt Bowtie Switch Mirror Element Support Post and Spacer via Process Landing Electrode Address Electrode DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 4

5 MEM Switch Controlled By Static DC Voltage Acts As RF Switch Or Capacitor Open Circuit / Low Capacitance Dielectric Layer Closed Circuit / High Capacitance DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 5

6 RF Performance 0 0 Insertion Loss (db) Switch Up Return Loss (db) RF, GHz DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 6

7 Switching Time Control Pulse Detected Signal Signal 10 µs Time (µs) DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 7

8 X-Band Phase Shifter Photograph Photograph Schematic DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 8

9 Measured Characteristics 10 GHz 2-Bit (Small) PS Performance Bit 10 GHz Phase Shifter - Insertion Loss State 22 State 45 State 67 State 2-Bit 10 GHz Phase Shifter - Return Loss -10 Insertion Loss (db) State 22 State 45 State 67 State Average Loss Return Loss (db) Frequency (db) Frequency (GHz) GHz Average insertion loss db (Arithmetic average of all 4 states) GHz Return loss > 11 db DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 9

10 Phase Shifter Technologies Technology Unit Cost Power Loss MEMS $10 1 mw 1.5 db GaAs MMIC $40 20 mw 6-8 db Ferrite Diode Typical 4 Bit X-Band $100 $ mw 200 mw 1.2 db 2.0 db DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 10

11 AESAs And PESAs Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) Passive Electronically Scanned Array (PESA) PA LNA Manifold PA LNA Manifold PA LNA T/R Module T/R Module Phase Shifter DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 11

12 PA Efficiency Transmitter Power Trades FIXED RF LOSSES PESA MANIFOLD % Ã>G V R Ã/ LF P K 2 EQUAL : % Ã>G T H U Ã5 H Z R OÃ3 W D R 7 ÆÃ6XE$UUD\Ã(OHPHQWV REQUIRED PWR PA PA Power Power Amp (PA) # SubArray Elements ÆÃ6XE$UUD\Ã(OHPHQWVÃ # ELEMENTS IN SUB-ARRAY (PARAMETRIC) PWRGEN BY EACH PA U H Z R Ã 3 $ 3 ÆÃ6XE$UUD\Ã(OHPHQWV \ F Q H L F L I ( PA EFFICENCY (Eff PA ) 3RZHUÃ>:@ # SubArray Elements DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 12

13 Array Size And MEM s Advantage Pn For Total Array Average Power AESA PESA # Elements in Array MISSILES AI AIRBORNE SURVEILLANCE LNA POWER 10mW 50mW 100mW AERO STAT SBR DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 13

14 Space Fed Lens Vs. Constrained Feed Space Constrained Cost Low High Weight Low / Med Med / High Bandwidth Low Med / High DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 14

15 Space - Fed Lens Applications Aerostat Ship DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 15

16 Radant TM Lens VIEW A PIN DIODE SWITCH λ / 2 λ / 2 VIEW B VIEW B E VIEW A SCAN PLANE 180 BIT 90 BIT 45 BIT 22 BIT DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 16

17 Experimental System Radant TM Lens Reflector Feed DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 17

18 MEM-Tenna Transmitter Receivers Digital Mirror Device RF Controls 2-D Array DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 18

19 Digital Mirror Device Photo Detector Diode MEMS Phase Shifter Module DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 19

20 MEM Tunable Filter Capacitive MEM Switch Variable Capacitor High-Q Inductors DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 20

21 STAR Waveform LNA TX Tunable MEM Notch Filter LO1 LO4 PRI RF 1 RF 2 RF 3 RF 4 RF 1 RF 2 RF 3 RF 4 Tx 1 Receive 1 DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 21

22 STAR and Radar Range And Velocity Eclipsing Reduction Frequency Diversity Interleaved Waveforms: SAR/GMTI Multiple Beams Data Links In Common Aperture A/G And A/A Mode Interleaving DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 22

23 Conclusions MEMs Phase shifters and filters revolutionize radar antennas Space feeds: MEM-Tenna STAR Waveforms Order of magnitude reduction in cost and weight is possible DARPA Tech 99: MEMS And Advanced Radar Page 23

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