VÍCTOR CRUZ ORNETTA, M.S.

Transcription

1 INTER-AMERICAN TELECOMMUNICATION COMMISSION WORKSHOP ON TECHNICAL AND REGULATORY ASPECTS RELATED TO THE EFFECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC NON-IONIZING EMISSIONS SESSION STATUS OF PROVISIONS AND STUDIES BEING DEVELOPED BY SPECIALIZED INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS VÍCTOR CRUZ ORNETTA, M.S. INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN N Y CAPACITACIÓN N DE TELECOMUNICACIONES DEL PERÚ [NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE OF PERU] P (INICTEL) INICTEL 1

2 RESEARCH IN PERU ON NON-IONIZING RADIATION IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS INICTEL 2

3 I. PERU S MOST IMPORTANT TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES SERVICE MF/AM SOUND BROADCASTING - USERS - BROADCASTING STATIONS LIMA PROVINCES FM SOUND BROADCASTING TV BROADCASTING MOBILE SERVICES 6,092, * Information sources: OSIPTEL: (as of March 2006) MTC: (as of end 2005) INICTEL 3

4 II. NATIONAL PROVISIONS Non-ionizing radiation environmental quality standards radiation (EQS-NIR) [0-300 GHz] are being developed. Maximum permissible limits for telecommunication activities (MPLs-NIR for telecommunications) [9 khz-300 GHz], D.S MTC. INICTEL 4

5 For workplace exposure Frequency range Electrical field strength (V/m) Magnetic field strength (A/m) Power density (W/m 2 ) For public exposure Frequency range Electrical field strength (V/m Magnetic field strength (A/m) Power density (W/m 2 ) INICTEL 5

6 Technical Standard on Radiofrequency Restrictions in Public Places As a directive supplementing D.S MTC, on February 28, 2005, the Technical Standard on Radio Restrictions in Public Places (R.M. Nº MTC/03) was published. This technical standard establishes reference levels for public exposure in public places, defined as those places where it is considered that the public might be exposed to electromagnetic fields, such as: Schools (pre-school, primary, and secondary) Hospitals Health centers, and Clinics INICTEL 6

7 Reference levels for public exposure in public areas * Frequency range Electrical field strength (V/m) Power density (W/m2) * Either magnitude in the table above may be utilized: electrical field strength or power density, in accordance with frequency range. INICTEL 7

8 ORDINANCE REGULATING THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF BASE RADIO STATIONS IN SANTIAGO DE SURCO DISTRICT ORDINANCE Nº N 182-MSS This ordinance is a broad initial approach to the environmental impact of radio stations, taking particular account of: Impact of non-ionizing radiation Impact on the landscape and urban environment Impact of noise and vibrations Considering as prevention and mitigation measures instruments such as the Environmental Impact Study (EIA), Environmental Improvement Program ram (PAMA), compliance with the MPLs,, consistency with the urbanization regime, minimum distances between stations, height limits, visual integration of towers and poles with the environment, authorization ion from owners associations in cases where facilities are installed on lots subject to the ordinary property regime, sworn accountability statement regarding the infrastructure s s capacity to withstand extreme risk conditions (earthquakes and tremors, high wind, etc.), including the great weight of base e radio station (BRS) facilities. INICTEL 8

9 ORDINANCE REGULATING THE INSTALLATION AND OPERATION OF BASE RADIO STATIONS IN SANTIAGO DE SURCO DISTRICT ORDINANCE Nº N 182-MSS Objective: To regulate the installation and operation of BRS in the district. t. Scope: Establishes the licensing requirements for installation, within the jurisdiction of Santiago de Surco district, of BRS with electromagnetic fields in the 9 khz-300 GHz range. Instruments and measures: EIA PAMA BRS licensing, location, installation, and requirements Land use plan Urban development plan Infractions regime MPL certification INICTEL 9

10 III. PERUVIAN NATIONAL EVALUATION OF NIR IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS INICTEL 10

11 III. 1 NATIONAL EVALUATION OF THE MAIN SERVICES OBJECTIVES 1. To measure the strength of the electrical field generated by the most important services in the 30 MHz-2 2 GHz band, including FM radio, television, trunk service, and mobile cellular telephony, in five districts of the city of Lima: Chorrillos, including the Morro Solar telecommunication site; La Molina; Miraflores; ; Puente Piedra; ; and San Martín de Porres,, and in six major cities: Cuzco, Huancayo, Ica, Iquitos, Pucallpa,, and Trujillo. 2. To evaluate such measurements to determine compliance with the ICNIRP recommended public and workplace exposure limits. 3. To recommend prevention and mitigation measures where necessary. INICTEL 11

12 GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MEASURMENT POINTS CITY NUMBER OF POINTS SELECTED Cuzco 19 Huancayo 14 Ica 11 Iquitos 13 Lima-Chorrillos 39 Lima-La La Molina 09 Lima-Miraflores 15 Lima-Puente Piedra 08 Lima-San Martín n de Porres 15 Pucallpa 10 Trujillo 21 TOTAL 174 INICTEL 12

13 MEASUREMENT METHOD Equipment utilized: Spectrum analyzer Spectrum analyzer: 9 KHz-3GHz Log-periodic antenna: 30 MHz-1800 MHz Portable Pentium computer Esquema de Medición utilizando el Analizador de Espectros Antena Horn GHZ Cable Coaxial Polarización: Eje Y Analizador de Espectros MS2661C Laptop Antena Logaritmica MHZ Cable Coaxial Analizador de Espectros MS2661C Laptop Figure 1: Type 1 measurement scheme INICTEL 13

14 Equipment utilized: Electromagnetic field analyzer 10 khz-60 GHz 300 khz-40 GHz probe Portable Pentium computer Esquema de Medición utilizando el Analizador de Campo Electromagnético E M R F i b r a O p t i c a L a p t o p Figure 2. Equipment utilized in Type 2 measurements INICTEL 14

15 RESULTS Graph 1: Maximum public exposure coefficient by service -- for Lima, Cuzco, Huancayo, Ica, Iquitos, and Trujillo P u bl ic E x p o s ur e c o ef fi ci e nt ( % ) Services INICTEL 15

16 RESULTS Graph 2. Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 Measurements of Public Exposure Coefficients for Cities P u bl ic E x p o s ur e C o ef fi ci e nt ( % ) INICTEL 16

17 RESULTS Graph 3. Average Public Exposure Coefficients by Service for Cuzco, Huancayo, Ica, Iquitos, Trujillo Average by service Average by service Exposure coeff. ( TV(2-6) (51-88MHz) FM (88-108) MHz TV (7-13) ( ) MHz TV(14-69) ( ) MHz Service Services TRUNKING ( MHz) CELULAR ( )MHz PCS (BANDA A) ( ) MHz INICTEL 17

18 View of the main RF radiation centers PHOTO 1: View from the top of Morro Solar, Chorrillos District, Lima, looking West INICTEL 18

19 PHOTO 2: View of the South Side of Morro Solar, in Chorrillos,, Lima INICTEL 19

20 III. 2 EVALUATION OF MF/AM SOUND BROADCASTING On instructions from the Ministry of Transportation and Communications, INICTEL has made measurements of MF radio stations in Lima and Cuzco.. Graphs 4 and 5 show some of these results. INICTEL 20

21 RESULTS Graph 4: Maximum Electrical Field Strength for All Stations, Measured at Different Distances (%) Electrical field/mpl (%) Measurement distance (m) INICTEL 21

22 RESULTS Graph 5. Average magnetic field strength for all stations, measured at different distances Electrical field (A/m) Measurement distance (m) INICTEL 22

23 III. 3 EVALUATION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL INICTEL has made measurements at 140 base stations of Peru s s three mobile operators, totaling 380 measurement points for mobile services in the 800 MHz and 1900 MHz bands. INICTEL 23

24 Public Exposure Coefficient in the 800 MHz Band with regard to the ICNIRP Standard (302 points) Average level: % Points INICTEL 24

25 Public Exposure Coefficient in the 1900 MHz Band with regard to the ICNIRP Standard (78 points) Average level: % Points INICTEL 25

26 Graph 4: Maximum Exposure Coefficient Values at the Cerro Camacho Base Station Public exposure coefficient Serie Measurement distance INICTEL 26

27 Graph 5: Public Exposure Coefficient vs. Distance at San Martin University Base Station Public exposure coefficient (%) Measurement distance Max. Max.. Av. INICTEL 27

28 Graph 6: Average Public Exposure Coefficient by Service Public exposure coefficient (%) TV VHF (2-13) FM (88-108)Mhz TV UHF ( )Mhz NEXTEL ( ) 869) MHz TELEFONICA ( ) 891) MHz C. MOVILES ( ) 890) MHz TIM ( ) 1945) MHz Services INICTEL 28

29 Graph 7: Maximum Public Exposure Coefficient by Service Public exposure coefficient (%) TV VHF (2-13) FM (88-108)Mhz TV UHF ( )Mhz NEXTEL ( ) 869) MHz TELEFONICA ( ) 891) MHz C. MOVILES ( ) 890) MHz TIM ( ) 1945) MHz Services INICTEL 29

30 EVALUATION OF MOBILE TELEPHONES Utilizing the Ministry of Transportation and Communications list of approved equipment, a list of the 367 types of mobile telephones utilized in Peru was drawn up, and, utilizing information contained in international web pages, such as: and among others, the specific absorption rate (SAR) was obtained of the mobile telephones utilized in Peru, and exposure coefficients were calculated for a total of 205 mobile telephones. INICTEL 30

31 Mobile telephone maximum exposure levels are much higher than those of base stations. All mobile telephones authorized for use in Peru comply with the ICNIRP maximum permissible SAR limits. The exposure coefficient listed in each case is the maximum obtainable with the device. In most cases, to establish a connection, only a fraction of the maximum is required, as mobile phones are designed to work with the minimum power required to reach the mobile network. INICTEL 31

32 Manufacturer Model Exp. Coeff.. (%) INICTEL 32

33 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The ICNIRP Non-ionizing Radiation Exposure Recommendations are accepted by the WHO, the ILO, and the ITU. They are the same standards as those implemented in many countries worldwide. After a process of bringing its standards and maximum permissible limits into line, Peru has accepted said recommendations as environmental quality standards and maximum permissible limits for telecommunication activities. The national evaluation showed that the vast majority of values measured comply with the ICNIRP public exposure recommendations. Of a total of 174 measurement points, only nine points on Morro Solar exceeded the MPL, that is, 5.2%. INICTEL 33

34 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The maximum values of electrical fields generated by mobile services are relatively low, of the order of 5 V/m (1.5% of the ICNIRP recommendations). These values are much lower than the maximum values found in broadcasting and are consistent with values measured in other countries, such as in Belgium, Spain, and the United Kingdom ngdom. As regards geographic distribution, the city with the highest levels of both electrical field strength and public exposure is Lima, on Morro Solar in Chorrillos District, where points exceeding the ICNIRP maximum recommended public exposure limits may be found. This site is followed by Mount Picchu,, in Cuzco,, where points of up to 60% of the maximum permissible public exposure limits may be found. INICTEL 34

35 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Measurements of MF sound broadcasting stations yield relatively high public exposure values. This is currently the case for station tion engineers and guards who do not know how much exposure they are receiving and do not necessarily have access to company- provided medical care. However, this situation can be overcome by utilizing workplace exposure limits, resolving these problems. INICTEL 35

36 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS At our current state of knowledge, and taking account of research rch on effects carried out under the WHO International Electromagnetic Field Project, and measurements made by different countries worldwide, the evaluation showed that the risk of the effects of mobile telecommunication base stations is not significant. However, studies of mobile telephones under way worldwide must be followed very closely especially those conducted in the framework of the International Electromagnetic Field Project and precautionary policies applied. INICTEL 36

37 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS It is recommended that buildings where mobile stations are installed be fenced off to prevent access to antenna areas. In addition to the problem of perception of NIR, installation of base stations implies other environmental impacts that must be taken into account, such as visual impact, excessive weight of the structure e on its lot, and others. Accordingly, it is recommended to co-locate mobile stations, since this will not detract from compliance with h the ICNIRP standards but will mitigate environmental impact aspects. INICTEL 37

38 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS In general, the problem of non-ionizing radiation from telecommunications is essentially one of perception of risk. To manage public concern, it is recommended to conduct an ongoing mass media campaign on the topic of NIR, in order to avoid misperceptions of risk, and to implement precautionary policies consistent with the likelihood and scale of potential harm. Lastly, it is recommended to establish an interdisciplinary team of experts on NIR who can issue reliable views and advise the general public and the government. INICTEL 38

39 THANK YOU VERY MUCH INICTEL 39