THE C-BAND CHALLENGE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS FOR SPECIFIC NEEDS

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2 THE C-BAND CHALLENGE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS FOR SPECIFIC NEEDS ELENA PUIGREFAGUT, EBU ITU International Satellite Communication Symposium Geneva, June 2016

3 KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF C-BAND FOR BROADCASTERS Resistance to rain-fade Geographic reach C-band links are very robust to rain attenuation and the resulting fading that impacts quality of service especially important in the areas around the equator This is crucial to applications that demand high reliability, such as TV distribution to local TV stations and cable systems C-band easily covers entire continents and oceans and offers an economically viable way of providing intercontinental and global communications Particularly ideal for point-to-multipoint applications such as broadcast Remote Pacific islands and developing countries of South America and Central Asia depend on C-band capacity to overcome a wide variety of obstacles

4 HEAVY USE OF C-BAND BY BROADCASTERS Media Distribution Media contribution Cable distribution o 7038 cable head-ends in USA serving 60 million U.S. households o 4711 cable head-ends in Latin America and the Caribbean, serving more than 29 million cable homes (2012) receive-only C-band television dishes o 20 million in Brazil alone Special events coverage (e.g. Olympics) Satellite news gathering

5 BROADCAST USE OF C-BAND IS NOT DECREASING TV channels broadcasted in c-band in Latin America

6 USE OF C-BAND BY EBU MEMBERS AND EUROVISION International Broadcasters rely heavily on C-band ( GHz) outside Europe for programme distribution no alternative option: BBC World Service, BBC World News RFI (Radio France International) RTPI (Rádio e Televisão de Portugal International) Eurovision: Now all capacity is in standard C-band: GHz/ GHz Major use in the GHz range due to interferences in the lower part More than 340 MHz leased in different satellites (Asiasat, Apstar, Intelsat, SES) for contribution links mainly in Asia, the Americas and Africa Type of services: major worldwide sports events (e.g. Formula 1)

7 BROADCASTING SERVICES INTERFERED IN C-BAND Example: BBC 98.7 FM Trinidad and Tobago programs downlinked from Intelsat 805 at GHz: Interference from licensed Wi-Max operation at 3.5 GHz to reception in Port of Spain. BBC satellite dish installation registered with TATT Interference to BBC satellite reception due to High-Gain / wide band nature of satellite reception equipment. This example mirrors our experiences at sites across Africa and Asia too BBC FMs affected by interference Resulting interference can cause signal delays, synchronization loss, blackout periods, blackout areas, and total loss of transmission

8 BROADCASTERS PREPARATIONS OF WRCS Global effort with 8 sister unions WBU position: Support of NOC in GHz Particular emphasis on the downlink spectrum ( GHz) as being essential to broadcasters operations around the world.

9 DIFFICULTIES FOR SHARING THE USE OF C-BAND 7 studies by NABA at JTG and support to studies from the satellite community: ITU-R studies determined separation distances required to protect Fixed Satellite from an IMT deployment. Studies covered three scenarios of IMT deployment: suburban/urban macro-cell, small-cell outdoor and small-cell indoor. Separation distances are calculated for each scenario: o In-band: could be as long as 525 km. o Adjacent band: could be as long as tens of kms See Reports ITU-R M.2109 & S.2199 & S.2368 Considering that a typical city can have a maximum radius of 15 to 30 km, sharing between BWA/IMT systems and FSS receive earth stations is not realistic Sharing is aggravated by the large number of receive only earth stations already deployed many of which are unregistered o Shielding, for example, requires knowing the location of every earth station o Further, site shielding is expensive and infeasible on a regional or worldwide basis

10 BROADCASTERS COOPERATION WITH SATELLITE COMMUNITY Regular global forum where satellite operators and broadcasting unions exchange information, outline requirements and resolve common operational problems Broadcaster involvement mutually valuable and illustrates the value of C-band Actively involved in WRC-07 and WRC-15 and in preparations to explain impact of interference to broadcasting: Sharing panels and speaking opportunities Regional broadcasting unions lobby regional WRC-15 preparatory groups

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