4-bit counter circa bit counter circa 1990

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1 Digital Logic

2 4-bit counter circa bit counter circa 1990

3 Logic gates Operates on logical values (TRUE = 1, FALSE = 0) NOT AND OR XOR (buffer) NAND NOR XNOR

4 Transistors & MOSFETS (again) BJT (bipolar junction transistor) MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor) NPN PNP N-channel P-channel for simplified switch behavior forward bias the internal diode (~0.7V) requires base current to hold open exceed the gate threshold (1-8 V) gate draws very little current

5 Logic families 7400 series of IC logic chips 74 # # # L S LS AS ALS F TTL (transistor-transistor logic) basic low power Schottky low-power Schottky advanced Schottky advanced low-power Schottky Fast CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) C original HC high speed HCT high speed, TTL output AC advanced AHC advanced, high speed FC fast LCX 3V supply, 5V tolerant LVQ 3.3V LVX 3.3V, 5V tolerant VHC very high speed G super high speeds (>1 GHz) inverter circuit

6 Logic ICs active components (require POWER and GROUND) VCC GND Function 74 series Quad 2-in NAND 00 Quad 2-in NOR 02 Hex NOT (inverter) 04 Hex buffer 07 Quad 2-in AND 08 Quad 2-in OR 32 Quad 2-in XOR you should ground unused inputs

7 Typical HC Voltage levels SYMBOL PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS OTHER V CC (V) MIN. TYP. MAX. UNIT T amb = 25 C V IH HIGH-level input voltage V V V V IL LOW-level input voltage V V V V OH HIGH-level output voltage V I =V IH or V IL I O = 20 µa V I O = 20 µa V I O = 4.0 ma V I O = 20 µa V I O = 5.2 ma V V OL LOW-level output voltage V I =V IH or V IL I O = 20 µa V I O = 20 µa V I O = 4.0 ma V I O = 20 µa V I O = 5.2 ma V I LI input leakage current V I =V CC or GND ±0.1 µa

8 Voltage levels TTL CMOS basic LS C HC HCT I O

9 Input / output demands Inputs demand voltage AND current Iih Iil high-level input current low-level input current 74LS04 TTL inputs require significantly more current than CMOS inputs VOL IIH Output LOW Voltage Input HIGH Current 54, V IOL = 4.0 ma VCC = VCC MIN, VIN = VIL or VIH V IOL = 8.0 ma per Truth Table 20 µa VCC = MAX, VIN = 2.7 V 0.1 ma VCC = MAX, VIN = 7.0 V IIL Input LOW Current 0.4 ma VCC = MAX, VIN = 0.4 V IOS Short Circuit Current (Note 1) ma VCC = MAX V IN ev IH li OUTl s 4 0 ma 4 5V V li OUTl s 5 2 ma 6 0V V I IN Maximum Input V IN ev CC or GND 6 0V g0 1 g1 0 g1 0 ma Current I CC Maximum Quiescent V IN ev CC or GND 6 0V ma Supply Current I OUT e0 ma

10 Logic family compatibility From To TTL HCT ACT HC AC HC, 3.3V TTL OK OK pull-up to +5V OK HCT ACT OK OK OK NO HC AC OK OK OK NO HC, 3.3V OK OK NO OK

11 Special outputs TTL open collector / CMOS open drain LOW - output driven to ground HIGH - output releases need a pull-up resistor to enable HIGH output uses: high-voltage output, wired AND/OR Tri-state output S (select) input switches output LOW - output driven to ground HIGH - output driven to +Vcc OFF - output releases

12 Sizing pull-up resistors +5V V ih (min) V il (max) I ih I il 3.15 V 1.5 V 1 ua -1 ua R Minimum high input voltage dictates maximum R Maximum low output voltage dictates minimum R 74HC05 74HC05 (open-collector) V oh (min) V ol (max) I oh I ol O.C V 5 ua 4 ma

13 In the mini-store 74HC00 74HC02 74C04 74HC05 74HC08 74HC14 74HC32 74HC74 74HC125 74HC151 quad 2-in NAND quad 2-in NOR hex inverter hex inverter hex open-collector inverter quad 2-in AND hex schmitt inverter quad 2-in OR dual D flip-flop quad 3-state buffer 8-to-1 mux

4-bit counter circa bit counter circa 1990

4-bit counter circa bit counter circa 1990 Digital Logic 4-bit counter circa 1960 8-bit counter circa 1990 Logic gates Operates on logical values (TRUE = 1, FALSE = 0) NOT AND OR XOR 0-1 1-0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

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