PITZ Laser Systems. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Cavity. What is a Laser? General introduction: systems, layouts
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1 PITZ Laser Systems General introduction: systems, layouts Matthias Groß PITZ Laser Systems Technisches Seminar Zeuthen, What is a Laser? > General setup Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Cavity Gain medium Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 2
2 1) ArF Laser - Basics > Basic principle Excimer (excited dimer ArF*) Discharge excitation > Location 1L18 > Basic parameters Wavelength: 193 nm Pulse length: 25 ns Pulse energy: <400 mj Repetition rate: 10 Hz > Manufacturer Coherent (commercial product) > Application Ionization laser for lithium plasma cell Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 3 2) MBI Laser - Basics > Basic principle Solid state: Yb:KGW oscillator, Yb:YAG amplifier, 2x frequency doubling > Location 1K05 ( laser hut ) > Basic parameters Wavelengths: 1030/515/257 nm Pulse length: 2 25 ps Pulse energy: <5 μj in the UV Repetition rate: 10 Hz (1 MHz in burst) > Manufacturer Max Born Institut, Berlin (custom product) > Application Photocathode laser Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 4
3 2) MBI Laser - Setup Oscillator Pulse picker #1 Pulse shaper Regenerative amplifier Pulse picker #2 Booster amplifier L B O B B O OSS regen amplifier OSS mixer Attenuator Tunnel Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 5 2) MBI Laser - Oscillator SESAM Output end mirror > Short ( 1 ps) pulse generation with passive mode locking with SESAM (SEmiconductor Saturable Absorber Mirror) > Repetition frequency f Osc (54 MHz) is given by resonator length: f Osc =c/2l with L=2.78 m > Pulse length inverse proportional to gain bandwidth: p 1/ > Synchronized to PITZ master oscillator at 54 MHz and 1.3 GHz > Output power: 100 mw (pulse energy: 2 nj) > Yb:KGW amplifier crystal center wavelength 1032nm Amplification crystal Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 6
4 2) MBI Laser Pulse Picker #1 > Pockels cell Pockels effect: voltage dependent rotation of polarization Rotate polarization of every 54 th pulse by 90 > Birefringent wedge Spatial separation of pulse trains 54 MHz 1MHz main OSS For bursts with length 1.5 ms Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 7 2) MBI Laser Pulse Shaper > Contains 13 birefringent YVO 4 crystals. Pulses are split according to polarization. Delay is given by crystal thickness; relative amplitude can be varied freely by adjusting relative angle between crystals Basic process t Free pulse shaping Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 8
5 2) MBI Laser Regenerative Amplifier Lyot filters From thesis Marc Hänel > 15 round trips pulse energy gain up to 100,000 > Yb:YAG amplifier crystal new center wavelength: 1030 nm > Option: stretch pulse length from 2 ps up to 12 ps Use Lyot filter(s) togther with polarizer Polarization rotation dispersion reduce bandwidth increase pulse length (pulse is bandwidth limited) Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 9 2) MBI Laser Booster Amplifier with Pulse Picker #2 > Double pass amplifier 4x amplification Pulse guiding with /2 waveplate / Faraday rotator / birefringent wedge > Pulse picker #2: Pockels cell Definition of laser pulse train length > Booster amplifier 2x amplification Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 10
6 2) MBI Laser IR to UV Conversion + Attenuator mirror to OSS mixer BBO: -Barium borate Ba(BO 2 ) 2 /2 plate on rotation stage LBO: Lithium triborate (LiB 3 O 5 ) birefringent wedge Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 11 2) MBI Laser Optical Sampling System (OSS) > Regenerative amplifier same functionality as in the main laser path > Specialty: one end mirror is oscillating flying mirror, mounted on voice coil time scan 1 s time Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 12
7 2) MBI Laser OSS Mixer > Spatial overlap of IR and UV pulses with dichroic mirror > Frequency conversion in BBO crystal: difference frequency generation (DFG) > Spatial separation with prism > Detection with 3 fast photo diodes OSS scope DFG UV IR Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 13 2) MBI Laser Standard Traces on Laser Scope > Yellow: oscillator > Cyan: regenerative amplifier (internal) > Magenta: UV output 1ms 1 μs Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 14
8 3) ELLA: Ellipsoidal Laser > Basic principle Yb fiber oscillator, Yb:KGW disk amplifier, 2x frequency doubling > Location 1K05 ( laser hut ) > Basic parameters Wavelengths: 1030/515/257 nm Pulse length: 6 ps Pulse energy: <1 μj in the UV Repetition rate: 10 Hz (1 MHz in burst) > Manufacturer IAP RAS, Nizhny Novgorod (custom product) > Application Photocathode laser Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 15 3) ELLA: Setup > General setup very similar to MBI laser Oscillator Amplifier Pulse shaper Frequency conversion > Main difference: pulse shaper Main gadget here: spatial light modulator (SLM) pixelized mirror to form ellipsoidal pulses Basic principle: Oscillator/amplifier generate pulses with energy chirp Grating in pulse shaper translates energy to spatial position Imprinting elliptical shape with SLM (in 2 orthogonal directions) Reversing spatial stretch with second grating Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 16
9 3) ELLA: Diagnostics > Cross-correlator temporal slices space Similar to OSS, but use camera instead of photodiode time > Image spectrograph transversal slices space time Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 17 3) ELLA: Status > Currently: major changes in setup > Oscillator / amplifier Replacement of current modules from Nizhny Novgorod with commercial laser front end (PHAROS from Light Conversion) > Pulse shaper Alternative to SLM: 3D volume Bragg grating (3 dimensional pulse shaping) > Optics / Optomechanics Replacement with highly stable posts/ mirror holders etc. Optimization of optical setup on laser table Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 18
10 Summary: 3 Laser Systems at PITZ > ArF Laser Ionization laser for lithium plasma cell Commercial product from Newport > MBI Laser Photocathode laser Custom built for PITZ by MBI (Berlin Adlershof) > Ellipsoidal laser (ELLA) Photocathode laser Custom built for PITZ by IAP (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) Currently: major changes in setup Matthias Groß PITZ laser systems Page 19
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