Crystalfontz America, Incorporated

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1 Crystalfontz America, Incorporated CHARACTER LCD MODULE SPECIFICATIONS Discontinued Module The CFAH22A-GGH-JP module has a Sunplus SPLC78D controller. For large quantities or for a new OEM design, please order the replacement module CFAH22A-GGH-JT. This module has a Sitronix ST766U controller which is mechanically and optically compatible with the Sunplus SPLC78C. Click here for a comparison of the two controllers. Crystalfontz Model Number Hardware Version CFAH22A-GGH-JP Revision E Data Sheet Version Revision 3., February 29 Product Pages Crystalfontz America, Incorporated 242 East Saltese Avenue Spokane Valley, WA Phone: Fax: techinfo@crystalfontz.com URL:

2 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 2 REVISION HISTORY HARDWARE Current hardware version: ve DATA SHEET 29/2/5 27/2/5 27//3 Current Data Sheet version: v3. Changes since last Data Sheet (v2.): Improved drawings, tables, and text. Corrected error in Details of Interface Pin Functions (Pg. 2). Arrows for description of R/W signal were reversed. Added a photo with pins labeled. See Quick Reference for Pin Functions (Front & Back Photos) (Pg. 3). Changed Optical Characteristics (Pg. 5). Added instructions on How to Calculate the Power Rating of the Resistor (Pg. 9). Updated LED Backlight Characteristics (Pg. 8). Added APPENDIX C: SUNPLUS SPLC78D CONTROLLER DATA SHEET (Pg. 3) and removed redundant information in the Crystalfontz Data Sheet. Data Sheet version: v2. Change since last released version (v.): A and K pads were round and they are now oval. Fit, form, and function have not changed. Data Sheet version: v. New Data Sheet.

3 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 3 The Fine Print Certain applications using Crystalfontz America, Inc. products may involve potential risks of death, personal injury, or severe property or environmental damage ( Critical Applications ). CRYSTALFONTZ AMERICA, INC. PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, INTENDED, AUTHORIZED, OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT APPLICATIONS, DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. Inclusion of Crystalfontz America, Inc. products in such applications is understood to be fully at the risk of the customer. In order to minimize risks associated with customer applications, adequate design and operating safeguards should be provided by the customer to minimize inherent or procedural hazard. Please contact us if you have any questions concerning potential risk applications. Crystalfontz America, Inc. assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer product design, software performance, or infringements of patents or services described herein. Nor does Crystalfontz America, Inc. warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any patent right, copyright, or other intellectual property right of Crystalfontz America, Inc. covering or relating to any combination, machine, or process in which our products or services might be or are used. The information in this publication is deemed accurate but is not guaranteed. Company and product names mentioned in this publication are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright 29 by Crystalfontz America, Inc., 242 East Saltese Avenue, Spokane Valley, WA U.S.A.

4 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 4 CONTENTS MAIN FEATURES Module Classification Information Ordering Information MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS Module Outline Drawing ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS System Block Diagram Driving Method Absolute Maximum Ratings DC Characteristics(5V and 3.3V Operation) Details of Interface Pin Functions Quick Reference for Pin Functions (Front & Back Photos) Typical V O Connections for Display Contrast ESD (Electro-Static Discharge) Specifications OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS Optical Characteristics Optical Definitions LED Backlight Characteristics LCD CONTROLLER INTERFACE Display Position DDRAM Address Character Generator ROM (CGROM) MODULE RELIABILITY AND LONGEVITY Module Reliability Module Longevity (EOL / Replacement Policy) CARE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS APPENDIX A: QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS APPENDIX B: APPLICATION NOTE FOR 3.3V OPERATION APPENDIX C: SUNPLUS SPLC78D CONTROLLER DATA SHEET LIST OF FIGURES Figure. Module Outline Drawing Figure 2. System Block Diagram Figure 3. Back View of Pins (Labeled) Figure 4. Front View of Pins (Labeled) Figure 5. Typical V O Connections Figure 6. Definition of Operation Voltage (V OP ) (Positive) Figure 7. Definition of Response Time (Tr, Tf) (Positive) Figure 8. Definition of Horizontal and Vertical Viewing Angles (CR>2) Figure 9. Definition of 6: O Clock and 2: O Clock Viewing Angles Figure. Typical LED Backlight Connections for Always On Figure. Example of LED Backlight Connections for PWM Dimming Figure 2. Character Generator ROM (CGROM)

5 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 5 MAIN FEATURES 2 characters by 2 lines LCD has a large display area in a compact 55.7 (W) x 32. (H) x 9.7 (D) millimeter package (2.9 (W) x.26 (H) x.38 (D)). 4-bit or 8-bit parallel interface. Standard Hitachi HD4478 equivalent controller. Green edge LED backlight with STN, positive, gray, transflective mode LCD (displays dark characters on green background). Wide temperature operation: -2 C to +7 C. Direct sunlight readable. RoHS compliant. MODULE CLASSIFICATION INFORMATION CFA H 2 2 A - G G H - J P * Brand Crystalfontz America, Inc. Display Type H Character Number of Characters (Width) 2 Characters Number of Lines (Height) 2 Lines Model Identifier A Backlight Type & Color G LED, green G STN, positive, gray Fluid Type, Image (Positive or Negative), & LCD Glass Color Polarizer Film Type, Wide (WT) Temperature Range, & H Transflective, WT, 6: Viewing Angle (O'clock) Character Set (CGROM) J English and Japanese fonts Controller P Sunplus SPLC78D Special Codes * May have additional manufacturer s codes at this location. Note: For more information on Viewing Angle, see Definition of 6 O Clock and 2: O Clock Viewing Angles (Pg. 7).

6 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 6 ORDERING INFORMATION Modules marked "Ø" in the table below Modules with a "P" at or near the end of the part number (marked Ø below) have a Sunplus SPLC78D controller. (See APPENDIX C: SUNPLUS SPLC78D CONTROLLER DATA SHEET (Pg. 3). Please order a replacement module with a T at or near the end of the part number, listed in the top half of this table. These modules use a Sitronix ST766U controller which is mechanically and optically compatible with the discontinued Sunplus SPLC78D. PART NUMBER FLUID LCD GLASS COLOR IMAGE POLARIZER FILM BACKLIGHT COLOR/TYPE Ø CFAH22A-GGH-JP STN gray positive transflective green LED Additional variants (same form factor, different LCD mode or backlight): CFAH22A-GGH-JT STN gray positive transflective green LED CFAH22A-NYG-JT STN yellow-green positive reflective no backlight CFAH22A-TMI-JT STN blue negative transmissive white LED CFAH22A-TTI-JT FSTN near-black negative transmissive white LED CFAH22A-YYH-JT STN yellow-green positive transflective yellow-green LED

7 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 7 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS ITEM Number of Characters and Lines Module Dimensions Viewing Area Active Area Character Size Character Pitch Dot Size Dot Pitch Weight SIZE 2 Characters x 2 Lines 55.7 (W) x 32. (H) x 9.7 (D) mm 46. (W) x 4.5 (H) mm (W) x.7 (H) mm 2.65 (W) x 5.5 (H) mm 3.2 (W) x 6.2 (H) mm.45 (W) x.6 (H) mm.55 (W) x.7 (H) mm 6 grams (typical)

8 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 8 MODULE OUTLINE DRAWING 55.7±.5 PCB 5.3 Bezel 46.7 Viewing Area Active Area 3.2 PCB Mounting Holes See Pin Detail A Maximum K A See Character Detail C (P.27 x 4) R.5 TYP See Pin Detail B 5-Ø.7 PTH 5-Ø. Pad See Dot Detail D ±.5 PCB 24.7 Bezel 7.5 Bezel Opening 4.5 VA.7 AA Pin Detail A Pin Detail B Character Detail C Dot Detail D Note: Tolerance is ±.3 mm unless specified. copyright 28 by Part No.(s): CFAH22A-YYH Scale: Drawing Number: Hardware Rev.: CFAH22A-GGH Not to scale CFAH22A_master vf Units: Date: Sheet: Millimeters 28/2/2 of Crystalfontz America, Inc. Figure. Module Outline Drawing

9 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 9 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM MPU RS R/W E DB-DB7 HD4478 Equivalent Com-6 2 x 2 LCD LED Backlight A K VR K-2K VDD Vo VSS Bias and Power Circuit Seg-4 Seg4-6 Seg Driver Figure 2. System Block Diagram

10 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page DRIVING METHOD DRIVING METHOD SPECIFICATION Duty /6 Bias /5 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SYMBOL MINIMUM MAXIMUM Operating Temperature* T OP -2 C +7 C Storage Temperature* T ST -3 C +8 C Input Voltage V I V SS V DD Supply Voltage for Logic V DD - V SS -.3v +7v Supply Voltage for LCD V DD - V O -.3v +3v *Note: Prolonged exposure at temperatures outside of this range may cause permanent damage to the module.

11 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page DC CHARACTERISTICS(5V AND 3.3V OPERATION) 5V OPERATION PART DC CHARACTERISTICS (4.5 to 5.5 volts) TEST CONDITION SYMBOL MINIMUM TYPICAL MAXIMUM NOTES Controller and Board Supply Voltage for Logic V DD - V SS +4.5v +5.v +5.5v Input High Voltage V IH +2.2v V DD Pins: E, RS, R/W, DB - DB7 Input Low Voltage V IL +.6v Output High Voltage V OH +2.4v Output Low Voltage V OL +.4v I OH = -. ma Pins: DB - DB7 I OL =. ma Pins: DB - DB7 Supply Current without backlight I DD.2 ma LCD Glass Supply Voltage for Driving LCD TA = -2ºC TA = +25ºC V DD - V O +3.8v +4.2v TA = +7ºC +3.6v This is a summary of the module s major operating parameters. For detailed information see APPENDIX C: SUNPLUS SPLC78D CONTROLLER DATA SHEET (Pg. 3). For 3.3v operation, please see APPENDIX B: APPLICATION NOTE FOR 3.3V OPERATION (Pg. 29).

12 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 2 DETAILS OF INTERFACE PIN FUNCTIONS PIN SIGNAL LEVEL DIRECTION DESCRIPTION V SS v Ground 2 V DD +5.v Supply voltage for logic 3 V O variable 4 RS H/L I 5 R/W H/L I 6 E H,H L I Supply voltage for driving LCD is V O = +v typical at V DD = +5v which gives a V LCD = (V DD - V O ) = +4v Register selection input H: Data register (for read and write) L: Instruction code (for write) H: Read (MPU Module) L: Write (MPU Module) Read/write enable signal H: Read data is enabled by a high level H L: Write data is latched on the falling edge 7 DB H/L I/O Data bit 8 DB H/L I/O Data bit 9 DB2 H/L I/O Data bit 2 DB3 H/L I/O Data bit 3 DB4 H/L I/O Data bit 4 2 DB5 H/L I/O Data bit 5 3 DB6 H/L I/O Data bit 6 4 DB7 H/L I/O Data bit 7 5 A (LED +) Supply voltage for LED. A (anode) or + of LED backlight Please Note: "K" (cathode) or "-" of LED backlight is internally connected to V DD For backlight connections, please refer to LED Backlight Characteristics (Pg. 8).

13 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 3 QUICK REFERENCE FOR PIN FUNCTIONS (FRONT & BACK PHOTOS) () V SS (3) V O (5) R/W (7) DB (9) DB2 () DB4 (3) DB6 (5) A (LED +) (2) V DD (4) RS (6) E (8) DB () DB3 (2) DB5 (4) DB7 Figure 3. Back View of Pins (Labeled) (5) A (LED +) (3) DB6 () DB4 (9) DB2 (7) DB (5) R/W (3) V O () V SS (4) DB7 (2) DB5 () DB3 (8) DB (6) E (4) RS (2) V DD Figure 4. Front View of Pins (Labeled)

14 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 4 TYPICAL V O CONNECTIONS FOR DISPLAY CONTRAST Adjust V O to +v (V LCD = +4v) as an initial setting. When the module is operational, readjust V O for optimal display appearance. V DD V LCD VR k V O V SS (Ground) V SS Figure 5. Typical V O Connections We recommend allowing field adjustment of V O for all designs. The optimal value for V O will change with temperature, variations in V DD, and viewing angle. V O will also vary module-to-module and batch-to-batch due to normal manufacturing variations. Ideally, adjustments to V O should be available to the end user so each user can adjust the display to the optimal contrast for their required viewing conditions. At a minimum, your design should allow V O to be adjusted as part of your product s final test. Although a potentiometer is shown as a typical connection, V O can be driven by your microcontroller, either by using a DAC or a filtered PWM. Displays that require V O to be negative may need a level-shifting circuit. Please do not hesitate to contact Crystalfontz application support for design assistance on your application. ESD (ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE) SPECIFICATIONS This circuitry is industry standard CMOS logic and is susceptible to ESD damage. Please use industry standard antistatic precautions as you would for any other PCB such as expansion cards or motherboards. For more information, see CARE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS (Pg. 24).

15 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 5 OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS ITEM SYMBOL CONDITION MINIMUM TYPICAL MAXIMUM Viewing Angle (6 o clock) (Vertical, Horizontal) (V) CR>2 2 4 (H) CR>2-3 3 Contrast Ratio CR 3 LCD Response Time* T rise Ta = 25 C 5 ms 2 ms T fall Ta = 25 C 5 ms 2 ms *Response Time: The amount of time it takes a liquid crystal cell to go from active to inactive or back again. OPTICAL DEFINITIONS Operating Voltage (V LCD ): V OP Viewing Angle Vertical (V) : Horizontal (H) : Frame Frequency: 64 Hz Driving Waveform: /6 Duty, /5 Bias Ambient Temperature (Ta): 25 C

16 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 6 Definition of Operation Voltage (Vop) Intensity % Selected Wave Non-selected Wave CR Maximum CR = L on / L off L on = Luminance of ON segments L off = Luminance of OFF segments V op Driving Voltage (V) Figure 6. Definition of Operation Voltage (V OP ) (Positive) Definition of Response Time (Tr, Tf) Unselected State Selected State Unselected State Light Transmitted % Intensity % 9% Light Blocked Tr Tr = Rise Time Tf = Fall Time Tf Figure 7. Definition of Response Time (Tr, Tf) (Positive)

17 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 7 Definition of Vertical and Horizontal Viewing Angles (CR>2) Vertical Horizontal Figure 8. Definition of Horizontal and Vertical Viewing Angles (CR>2) Definition of 6 O Clock and 2: O Clock Viewing Angles This module has a 6: o clock viewing angle. A 6: o clock viewing angle is a bottom viewing angle like what you would see when you look at a cell phone or calculator. A 2: o clock viewing angle is a top viewing angle like what you would see when you look at the gauges in a golf cart or airplane. Eyes look down Eyes look up 6: O clock Bottom Viewing Angle 2: O clock Top Viewing Angle Figure 9. Definition of 6: O Clock and 2: O Clock Viewing Angles

18 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 8 LED BACKLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS The CFAH22A-GGH-JP uses an LED backlight. LED backlights are easy to use, but they are also easily damaged by abuse. NOTE Do not connect +5v directly to the backlight terminals. This will ruin the backlight. LEDs are current devices. The important aspect of driving an LED is the current flowing through it, not the voltage across it. Ideally, a current source would be used to drive the LEDs. In practice, a simple current limiting resistor in line from a voltage source will work well in most applications and is much less complex than a current source. You need to know what the forward voltage of the LEDs is so you can calculate the current limiting resistor (R LIMIT ). The forward voltage will vary slightly from display to display. 5 V DD Anode GND Figure. Typical LED Backlight Connections for Always On

19 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 9 How to Calculate the R LIMIT The equation to calculate R LIMIT is: R LIMIT (minimum) = V DD (Supply Voltage) - V LED (Typical LED Forward Voltage) I LED (Typical LED Forward Current) The specific R LIMIT calculation for the CFAH22A-GGH-JP at V DD = +5v is: R LIMIT = 5v - 4.2v.4 A = 2.Ω (minimum) How to Calculate the Power Rating of the Resistor The general equation to calculate the power rating of the resistor is: W (power) = (current) x E (voltage) The specific power rating calculation for the CFAH22A-GGH-JP: Power =.4A x (5v - 4.2v) =.32W = 32mW Nominally, an /8 watt (25 mw) resistor should work, however in order to keep the temprature of the resistor cooler a /4 or /2 watt resistor would typically be used.

20 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 2 PWM Dimming The backlight may be dimmed by PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). The typical range for the PWM frequency is from to 3 Hz. 5 On PWM signal from microcontroller Off K V DD P-Type FET IRLML642 (typical) R LIMIT Anode GND Figure. Example of LED Backlight Connections for PWM Dimming

21 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 2 Backlight Characteristics dark dots on green background PARAMETER MINIMUM TYPICAL MAXIMUM Forward Current (I LED) V = 4.2v 32 ma 4 ma 6 ma Forward Voltage (V LED ) +4.v +4.2v +4.5v Reverse Voltage (V R ) +8v Luminous Intensity* (I V ) I LED = 4 ma Wavelength* (l ) I LED = 4 ma 3 cd/m 2 4 cd/m nm 56 nm 565 nm *Direct measurement of backlight the backlight is not measured through the LCD. LCD CONTROLLER INTERFACE This module uses a discontinued Sunplus SPLC78D controller. The Sunplus SPLC78D is compatible with the industry standard Hitachi HD4478 controller. Software written for modules that use the HD4478 should work without modification. For your reference, we added APPENDIX C: SUNPLUS SPLC78D CONTROLLER DATA SHEET (Pg. 3) to this Data Sheet. DISPLAY POSITION DDRAM ADDRESS The following table shows the relationship between the controller s addresses and the corresponding character location on the module. COLUMN x x x2 x3 x4 x5 x6 x7 x8 x9 xa ROW xb x4 x4 x42 x43 x44 x45 x46 x47 x48 x49 x4a x4b

22 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 22 CHARACTER GENERATOR ROM (CGROM) To find the code for a given character, add the two numbers that are shown in bold for its row and column. For example, the lowercase h is in the column labeled 96 and in the row labeled 8. So you would add to get 4. When you send a byte with the value of 4 to the display, then a lowercase h will be shown. (See APPENDIX C: SUNPLUS SPLC78D CONTROLLER DATA SHEET (Pg. 3). upper 4 bits 6 lower bits CGRAM [] 2 CGRAM [] 2 2 CGRAM [2] 3 2 CGRAM [3] 4 2 CGRAM [4] 5 2 CGRAM [5] 6 2 CGRAM [6] 7 2 CGRAM [7] Figure 2. Character Generator ROM (CGROM)

23 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 23 MODULE RELIABILITY AND LONGEVITY MODULE RELIABILITY ITEM LCD including green LED backlight SPECIFICATION 5, to, hours (typical) MODULE LONGEVITY (EOL / REPLACEMENT POLICY) Crystalfontz is committed to making all of our LCD modules available for as long as possible. For each module we introduce, we intend to offer it indefinitely. We do not preplan a module's obsolescence. The majority of modules we have introduced are still available. We recognize that discontinuing a module may cause problems for some customers. However, rapidly changing technologies, component availability, or low customer order levels may force us to discontinue ( End of Life, EOL) a module. For example, we must occasionally discontinue a module when a supplier discontinues a component or a manufacturing process becomes obsolete. When we discontinue a module, we will do our best to find an acceptable replacement module with the same fit, form, and function. In most situations, you will not notice a difference when comparing a fit, form, and function replacement module to the discontinued module it replaces. However, sometimes a change in component or process for the replacement module results in a slight variation, perhaps an improvement, over the previous design. Although the replacement module is still within the stated Data Sheet specifications and tolerances of the discontinued module, changes may require modification to your circuit and/or firmware. Possible changes include: LCD fluid, polarizers, or the LCD manufacturing process. These items may change the appearance of the display, requiring an adjustment to V O (See Typical V O Connections for Display Contrast (Pg. 4)). Backlight LEDs. Brightness may be affected (perhaps the new LEDs have better efficiency) or the current they draw may change (new LEDs may have a different VF). Controller. A new controller may require minor changes in your code. Component tolerances. Module components have manufacturing tolerances. In extreme cases, the tolerance stack can change the visual or operating characteristics. Please understand that we avoid changing a module whenever possible; we only discontinue a module if we have no other option. We will post Part Change Notices on the product's webpage as soon as possible. If interested, you can subscribe to future part change notifications.

24 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 24 CARE AND HANDLING PRECAUTIONS For optimum operation of the module and to prolong its life, please follow the precautions below. ESD (ELECTRO-STATIC DISCHARGE) The circuitry is industry standard CMOS logic and susceptible to ESD damage. Please use industry standard antistatic precautions as you would for any other PCB such as expansion cards or motherboards. Ground your body, work surfaces, and equipment. DESIGN AND MOUNTING The exposed surface of the LCD glass is actually a polarizer laminated on top of the glass.to protect the soft plastic polarizer from damage, the module ships with a protective film over the polarizer. Please peel off the protective film slowly. Peeling off the protective film abruptly may generate static electricity. The polarizer is made out of soft plastic and is easily scratched or damaged. When handling the module, avoid touching the polarizer. Finger oils are difficult to remove. To protect the soft plastic polarizer from damage, place a transparent plate (for example, acrylic, polycarbonate, or glass) in front of the module, leaving a small gap between the plate and the display surface. We use GE HP- 92 Lexan, which is readily available and works well. Do not disassemble or modify the module. Do not modify the tab of the metal holder or make connections to it. Solder only to the I/O terminals. Use care when removing solder it is possible to damage the PCB. Do not reverse polarity to the power supply connections. Reversing polarity will immediately ruin the module. AVOID SHOCK, IMPACT, TORQUE, AND TENSION Do not expose the module to strong mechanical shock, impact, torque, and tension. Do not drop, toss, bend, or twist the module. Do not place weight or pressure on the module. IF LCD PANEL BREAKS If the LCD panel breaks, be careful not to get the liquid crystal fluid in your mouth or eyes. If the liquid crystal fluid touches your skin, clothes, or work surface, wash it off immediately using soap and plenty of water. Do not eat the LCD panel. CLEANING The polarizer (laminated to the glass) is soft plastic. The soft plastic is easily scratched or damaged. Be very careful when you clean the polarizer. Do not clean the polarizer with liquids. Do not wipe the polarizer with any type of cloth or swab (for example, Q- tips). Use the removable protective film to remove smudges (for example, fingerprints) and any foreign matter. If you no longer have the protective film, use standard transparent office tape (for example, Scotch brand Crystal Clear Tape ). If the polarizer is dusty, you may carefully blow it off with clean, dry, oil-free compressed air.

25 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 25 OPERATION We do not recommend connecting this module to a PC's parallel port as an "end product. This module is not "user friendly" and connecting them to a PC's parallel port is often difficult, frustrating, and can result in a "dead" display due to mishandling. For more information, see our forum thread at showthread.php?s=&threadid=3257. Your circuit should be designed to protect the module from ESD and power supply transients. Observe the operating temperature limitations: from -2 C minimum to +7 C maximum with minimal fluctuations. Operation outside of these limits may shorten the life and/or harm the display. At lower temperatures of this range, response time is delayed. At higher temperatures of this range, display becomes dark. (You may need to adjust the contrast.) Operate away from dust, moisture, and direct sunlight. STORAGE AND RECYCLING Store in an ESD-approved container away from dust, moisture, and direct sunlight. Observe the storage temperature limitations: from -3 C minimum to +8 C maximum with minimal fluctuations. Rapid temperature changes can cause moisture to form, resulting in permanent damage. Do not allow weight to be placed on the modules while they are in storage. Please recycle your outdated Crystalfontz LCD modules at an approved facility.

26 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 26 APPENDIX A: QUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS INSPECTION CONDITIONS Environment Temperature: 25±5 C Humidity: 3~85% RH (noncondensing) For visual inspection of active display area Source lighting: two 2-Watt or one 4-Watt fluorescent light Display adjusted for best contrast Viewing distance: 3±5 cm (about 2 inches) Viewing angle: inspect at 45 angle of vertical line right and left, top and bottom COLOR DEFINITIONS We try to describe the appearance of our LCD modules as accurately as possible. For the photos, we adjust the backlight (if any) and contrast for optimal appearance. Actual display appearance may vary due to () different operating conditions, (2) small variations of component tolerances, (3) inaccuracies of our camera, (4) color interpretation of the photos on your monitor, and/or (5) personal differences in the perception of color. DEFINITION OF ACTIVE AREA AND VIEWING AREA 46.7 Viewing Area Active Area 4.5 VA.7 AA ACCEPTANCE SAMPLING DEFECT TYPE AQL* Major <.65% Minor <.% * Acceptable Quality Level: maximum allowable error rate or variation from standard

27 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 27 DEFECTS CLASSIFICATION Defects are defined as: Major Defect: results in failure or substantially reduces usability of unit for its intended purpose Minor Defect: deviates from standards but is not likely to reduce usability for its intended purpose ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS # DEFECT TYPE CRITERIA Electrical defects. No display, display malfunctions, or shorted segments. 2. Current consumption exceeds specifications. MAJOR / MINOR Major 2 Viewing area defect Viewing area does not meet specifications. Major 3 Contrast adjustment defect Contrast adjustment fails or malfunctions. Major 4 Blemishes or foreign matter on display segments Blemish Defect Size Acceptable Qty <.3 mm 3 Minor <2 defects within mm of each other 5 Blemishes or foreign matter outside of display segments Defect Size = (Width + Length)/2 Defect Size Acceptable Qty <.5 mm Ignore Length.5 to.2 mm 3 Minor Width.2 to.25 mm 2 >.3 mm 6 Dark lines or scratches in display area Length Width Defect Width Defect Length Acceptable Qty <.3 mm <3. mm 3.3 to.5 <2. mm 2.5 to.8 <2. mm.8 to. 3. mm >. >3. mm Minor

28 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 28 # DEFECT TYPE CRITERIA MAJOR / MINOR 7 Bubbles between polarizer film and glass Defect Size Acceptable Qty <.2 mm Ignore.2 to.4 mm 3 Minor.4 to.6 mm 2 >.6 mm 8 Display pattern defect D A E G F Dot Size B C Acceptable Qty Minor ((A+B)/2)<.2 mm C> mm ((D+E)/2)<.25 mm <3 total defects <2 pinholes per digit ((F+G)/2)<.25 mm 9 Backlight defects. Light fails or flickers. (Major) 2. Color and luminance do not correspond to specifications. (Major) 3. Exceeds standards for display s blemishes, foreign matter, dark lines or scratches. (Minor) PCB defects. Oxidation or contamination on connectors.* 2. Wrong parts, missing parts, or parts not in specification.* 3. Jumpers set incorrectly. (Minor) 4. Solder (if any) on bezel, LED pad, zebra pad, or screw hole pad is not smooth. (Minor) *Minor if display functions correctly. Major if the display fails. Soldering defects. Unmelted solder paste. 2. Cold solder joints, missing solder connections, or oxidation.* 3. Solder bridges causing short circuits.* 4. Residue or solder balls. 5. Solder flux is black or brown. *Minor if display functions correctly. Major if the display fails. See list See list Minor

29 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 29 APPENDIX B: APPLICATION NOTE FOR 3.3V OPERATION This module can be used with a 3.3v power supply. In order to meet the requirements of V LCD, you must provide a negative voltage source for V O (pin 3, see Details of Interface Pin Functions (Pg. 2)). You need to drive V O to below ground (typically -v or -2v) until the V LCD is met, making display contrast acceptable. You can supply the negative voltage by one of the following methods:. Use an available source for the negative voltage. V SS 3.3v K typical V O -.2v Existing Negative Voltage Supply (-3v to -5v) * *Optional resistor to limit the voltage seen by the module at V O to within specifications. Figure. Use Existing Negative Voltage Supply 2. Use a 766 CMOS switched-capacitor voltage converter or one of the many other available solutions for creating a negative voltage from a positive supply. 3.3v K typical 3.3v V O -.2v v V SS Figure Switched-Capacitor Voltage Converter

30 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 3 3. Use the circuit in the figure below to create the voltage for V O by using a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) output of your microcontroller. This circuit allows the contrast to be adjusted under software control. PWM (7 to khz typical) K.μF Low V f Schottky V O Low V f Schottky C6.μF GND GND Figure 3. V O Driving Circuit Since V O is pulled up internally by the LCD controller, this circuit will produce positive ( +v) V LCD (V LCD = small, contrast is light) for low ( %) or high (9%) duty cycles. For duty cycles near 5%, this circuit will produce negative ( -2v) levels of V O (V LCD = big, contrast is dark). 4. Replace this module with the module in this series that has an on-board negative voltage generator. (The part number has a V at the end of it.) K typical 3.3v = V DD -V LCD Module V O (Pin 3) V EE (Pin 5) -3.3v out Figure 4. On-Board Negative Voltage Generator

31 Crystalfontz America, Inc. CFAH22A-GGH-JP Character LCD Module Data Sheet Hardware ve / Data Sheet v3. February 29 Page 3 APPENDIX C: SUNPLUS SPLC78D CONTROLLER DATA SHEET The complete Sunplus SPLC78D 6COM/4SEG Controller/Driver Data Sheet (34 pages) follows.

32 DATA SHEET SPLC78D 6COM/4SEG Controller/Driver AUG. 6, 23 Version. SUNPLUS TECHNOLOGY CO. reserves the right to change this documentation without prior notice. Information provided by SUNPLUS TECHNOLOGY CO. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, SUNPLUS TECHNOLOGY CO. makes no warranty for any errors which may appear in this document. Contact SUNPLUS TECHNOLOGY CO. to obtain the latest version of device specifications before placing your order. No responsibility is assumed by SUNPLUS TECHNOLOGY CO. for any infringement of patent or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. In addition, SUNPLUS products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices/ systems or aviation devices/systems, where a malfunction or failure of the product may reasonably be expected to result in significant injury to the user, without the express written approval of Sunplus.

33 SPLC78D Table of Contents PAGE. GENERAL DESCRIPTION FEATURES BLOCK DIAGRAM SIGNAL DESCRIPTIONS ORDERING INFORMATION FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS OSCILLATOR CONTROL AND DISPLAY INSTRUCTIONS INSTRUCTION TABLE BIT OPERATION AND 8-DIGIT -LINE DISPLAY (USING INTERNAL RESET) BIT OPERATION AND 8-DIGIT -LINE DISPLAY (USING INTERNAL RESET) BIT OPERATION AND 8-DIGIT 2-LINE DISPLAY (USING INTERNAL RESET) RESET FUNCTION DISPLAY DATA RAM (DD RAM) TIMING GENERATION CIRCUIT LCD DRIVER CIRCUIT CHARACTER GENERATOR ROM (CG ROM) CHARACTER GENERATOR RAM (CG RAM) CURSOR /BLINK CONTROL CIRCUIT INTERFACING TO MPU SUPPLY VOLTAGE FOR LCD DRIVE REGISTER --- IR (INSTRUCTION REGISTER ) AND DR (DATA REGISTER) BUSY FLAG (BF) ADDRESS COUNTER (AC) I/O PORT CONFIGURATION ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS DC CHARAC TERISTICS (VDD = 2.7V TO 4.5V, T A = 25 ) AC CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 2.7V TO 4.5V, T A = 25 ) DC CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 4.5V TO 5.5V, TA = 25 ) AC CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 4.5V TO 5.5V, T A = 25 ) APPLICATION CIRCUITS R-OSCILLATOR INTERFACE TO MPU SPLC78D A PPLICATION CIRCUIT APPLICATIONS FOR LCD CHARACTER GENERATOR ROM SPLC78D PACKAGE/PAD LOCATIONS PAD ASSIGNMENT AND LOCATIONS PACKAGE CONFIGURATION PACKAGE INFORMATION DISCLAIMER REVISION HISTORY AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

34 SPLC78D 6COM/4SEG CONTROLLER/DRIVER. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The SPLC78D, a dot-matrix LCD controller and driver from SUNPLUS, is a unique design for displaying alpha-numeric, Japanese-Kana characters and symbols. The SPLC78D provides two types of interfaces to MPU: 4-bit and 8-bit interfaces. The transferring speed of 8-bit is twice faster than 4-bit. A single SPLC78D is able to display up to two 8-character lines. By cascading with SPLC or SPLC63, the display capability can be extended. The CMOS technology ensures the power saves in the most efficient way and the performance keeps in the highest rank. 2. FEATURES Character generator ROM: 88 bits Character font 5 x 8 dots: 92 characters Character font 5 x dots: 64 characters Character generator RAM: 52 bits Character font 5 x 8 dots: 8 characters Character font 5 x dots: 4 characters 4-bit or 8-bit MPU interfaces Direct driver for LCD: 6 COMs x 4 SEGs Duty factor (selected by program): /8 duty: line of 5 x 8 dots / duty: line of 5 x dots /6 duty: 2 lines of 5 x 8 dots / line Built-in power on automatic reset circuit Built-in oscillator circuit (with external resistor) Support external clock operation Low Power Consumption Package form: 8 QFP or bare chip available 3. BLOCK DIAGRAM OSC OSC2 Timing Generation Circuit CL,CL2 M VDD VSS DB-DB3 DB4-DB7 RS R/W E Power Supply for LCD Drive : (V-V5) I / O Buffer Parallel to Serial Data Conversion Circuit Busy Flag 8 8 Data Register Instruction Register Character Generator ROM Instruction Decorder 7 Character Generator RAM Address Counter Cursor Blink Control Circuit 8 Display Data RAM 8 Bytes 4-bit Shift Register Latch Circuit 4 6-bit Shift Register 4 4 Segments x 6 Commons 6 LCD Driver D COM- COM6 SEG- SEG4 3 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

35 SPLC78D 4. SIGNAL DESCRIPTIONS Mnemonic PIN No. Type Description VDD 33 I Power input VSS 23 I Ground OSC OSC Both OSC and OSC2 are connected to resistor for internal oscillator circuit. For external clock operation, the clock is input to OSC. V - V I Supply voltage for LCD driving. E 38 I A start signal for reading or writing data. R/W 37 I A signal for selecting read or write actions. : Read, : Write. RS 36 I A signal for selecting registers. : Data Register (for read and write) : Instruction Register (for write), Busy flag - Address Counter (for read). DB - DB I/O Low 4-bit data DB4 - DB I/O High 4-bit data CL 3 O Clock to latch serial data D. CL2 32 O Clock to shift serial data D. M 34 O Switch signal to convert LCD waveform to AC. D 35 O Sends character pattern data corresponding to each common signal serially. : Selection, : Non-selection. SEG - SEG O Segment signals for LCD. SEG23 - SEG COM - COM O Common signals for LCD. 4.. Ordering Information Product Number SPLC78D-NnnV-C SPLC78D-NnnV-PQ5 Note: Code number is assigned for customer. Note2: Code number (N = A - Z or - 9, nn = - 99); version (V = A - Z). Chip form Package Type Package form - QFP 8L 4 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

36 SPLC78D 5. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS 5.. Oscillator SPLC78D oscillator supports not only the internal oscillator operation, but also the external clock operation Control and Display Instructions Control and display instructions are described in details as follows: S = I / D = It shifts the display to the left S = I / D = It shifts the display to the right Display ON/OFF control Clear display Code RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB D C B RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB Code It clears the entire display and sets Display Data RAM Address in Address Counter Return home D = : Display on, D = : Display off C = : Cursor on, C = : Cursor off B = : Blinks on, B= : Blinks off 5 x 8 dot character font 5 x dot character font Code RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB X 8th line X: Do not care ( or ) Cursor th line It sets Display Data RAM Address in Address Counter and the display returns to its original position. The cursor or blink goes to the most-left side of the display (to the st line if 2 lines are displayed). The contents of the Display Data RAM do not change Entry mode set Cursor or display shift Without changing DD RAM data, it moves cursor and shifts display. RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB Code S/C R/L X X During writing and reading data, it defines cursor moving direction and shifts the display. Code RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB I / D S I / D = : Increment, I / D = : Decrement. S = : The display shift, S = : The display does not shift. Blink display alternately S/C R/L Description Address Counter Shift cursor to the left AC = AC - Shift cursor to the right AC = AC + Shift display to the left. Cursor follows the display shift AC = AC Shift display to the right. Cursor follows the display shift AC = AC 5 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

37 SPLC78D Function set RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB Display data RAM can be read or written after this setting. Code DL N F X X In one-line display (N = ), (aaaaaaa) 2: () 6 - (4F) 6. X: Do not care ( or ) DL: It sets interface data length. DL = : Data transferred with 8-bit length (DB7 - ). DL = : Data transferred with 4-bit length (DB7-4). It requires two times to accomplish data transferring. N: It sets the number of the display line. N = : One-line display. N = : Two-line display. F: It sets the character font. F = : 5 x 8 dots character font. F = : 5 x dots character font. N F No. of Display Lines Character Font Duty Factor 5 x 8 dots / 8 5 x dots / X 2 5 x 8 dots / 6 In two-line display (N = ), (aaaaaaa) 2: () 6 - (27) 6 for the first line, (aaaaaaa) 2: (4) 6 - (67) 6 for the second line Read busy flag and address RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB Code BF a a a a a a a When BF =, it indicates the system is busy now and it will not accept any instruction until not busy (BF = ). At the same time, the content of Address Counter (aaaaaaa) 2 is read Write data to character generator RAM or display data RAM It cannot display two lines with 5 x dots character font Set character generator RAM address Code RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB d d d d d d d d Code RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB a a a a a a It writes data (dddddddd) 2 to character generator RAM or display data RAM. It sets Character Generator RAM Address (aaaaaa) 2 to the Address Counter Read data from character generator RAM or display data RAM RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB Character Generator RAM data can be read or written after this Code d d d d d d d d setting Set display data RAM address RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB Code a a a a a a a It sets Display Data RAM Address (aaaaaaa) 2 to the Address Counter. It reads data (dddddddd) 2 from character generator RAM or display data RAM. To read data correctly, do the following: ). The address of the Character Generator RAM or Display Data RAM or shift the cursor instruction. 2). The Read instruction. 6 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

38 SPLC78D 5.3. Instruction Table Instruction Instruction Code Execution time Description RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB (fosc=27khz) Clear Display Write "2H" to DDRAM and set DDRAM.52ms address to "H" from AC Return Home - Set DDRAM address to "H" from AC and.52ms return cursor to its original position if shifted. The contents of DDRAM are not changed. Entry Mode I/D S Assign cursor moving direction and enable 38µs Set the shift of entire display Display ON/ OFF Control D C B Set display(d), cursor(c), and blinking of cursor(b) on/off control bit. 38µs Cursor or Display Shift S/C R/L - - Set cursor moving and display shift control bit, and the direction, without changing of DDRAM data. 38µs Function Set DL N F - - Set interface data length (DL: 8-bit/4-bit), numbers of display line (N: 2-line/-line) and, display font type (F:5x dots/5x8 dots) 38µs Set CGRAM Address AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC AC Set CGRAM address in address counter. 38µs Set DDRAM AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC AC Set DDRAM address in counter 38µs Address Read Busy Flag BF AC6 AC5 AC4 AC3 AC2 AC AC Whether during internal operation or not and Address can be known by reading BF. The Counter contents of address counter can also be read. Write Data to RAM D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D D Write data into internal RAM 38µs (DDRAM/CGRAM). Read Data from D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D D Read data from internal RAM 38µs RAM (DDRAM/CGRAM). Note: "-": don't care 7 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

39 SPLC78D Bit Operation and 8-Digit -Line Display (Using Internal Reset) No. Instruction Display Operation Power on. (SPLC78D starts initializing) Power on reset. No display. 2 Function set Set to 8-bit operation and select -line display line and character font. RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB X X 3 Display on / off control _ Display on. Cursor appear. 4 Entry mode set _ 5 Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM W_ Increase address by one. It will shift the cursor to the right when writing to the DD RAM/CG RAM. Now the display has no shift. Write " W ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. 6 Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM WE_ Write " E ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. 7 : : 8 Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM WELCOME_ Write " E ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. 9 Entry mode set Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM WELCOME_ ELCOME _ LCOME C_ Set mode for display shift when writing Write " "(space). The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. Write " C ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. 2 : : 3 Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM COMPAMY_ Write " Y ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. 4 Cursor or display shift X X 5 Cursor or display shift X X 6 Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM 7 Cursor or display shift X X 8 Cursor or display shift X X 9 Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM COMPAMY_ COMPAMY_ OMPANY_ COMPAMY_ OMPANY_ COMPAMY_ Only shift the cursor's position to the left (Y). Only shift the cursor's position to the left (M). Write " N ". The display moves to the left. Shift the display and the cursor's position to the right. Shift the display and the cursor's position to the right. Write " " (space). The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. 2 : : : 2 Return home Both the display and the cursor return to the original position (address ). WELCOME_ 8 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

40 SPLC78D Bit Operation and 8-Digit -Line Display (Using Internal Reset) No. Instruction Display Operation Power on. Power on reset. No display. (SPLC78D starts initializing) 2 Function set RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 Set to 4-bit operation. 3 Set to 4-bit operation and select -line display line and character font. X X 4 _ Display on. Cursor appears. 5 6 _ W_ Increase address by one. It will shift the cursor to the right when writing to the DD RAM / CG RAM. Now the display has no shift. Write " W ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right Bit Operation and 8-Digit 2-Line Display (Using Internal Reset) No. Instruction Display Operation Power on. (SPLC78D starts initializing) 2 Function set RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB2 DB DB X X 3 Display on / off control 4 Entry mode set _ Power on reset. No display. Set to 8-bit operation and select 2-line display line and 5 x 8 dot character font. Display on. Cursor appear. Increase address by one. _ It will shift the cursor to the right when writing to the DD RAM / CG RAM. Now the display has no shift. 5 Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM W_ Write " W ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. 6 : : : 7 Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM WELCOME_ Write " E ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. 8 Set DD RAM address 9 Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM WELCOME _ WELCOME T_ It sets DD RAM's address. The cursor is moved to the beginning position of the 2nd line. Write " T ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. : : : Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM WELCOME TO PART_ Write " T ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. 9 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

41 SPLC78D No. Instruction Display Operation 2 Entry mode set 3 Write data to CG RAM / DD RAM WELCOME TO PART_ ELCOME O PARTY_ When writing, it sets mode for the display shift. Write " Y ". The cursor is incremented by one and shifted to the right. 4 : : : 5 Return home WELCOME TO PARTY Both the display and the cursor return to the original position (address ) Reset Function At power on, SPLC78D starts the internal auto-reset circuit and executes the initial instructions. The initial procedures are shown as follows: Power On [ 8-Bit Interface ] Wait time > 5 ms after VDD > 4.5V Wait time > 4ms After VDD > 2.7V RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB3 DB DB X X X X BF cannot be checked before this instruction. Function set ( Interface is 8 bits length. ) Wait time > 4. ms RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB3 DB DB X X X X BF cannot be checked before this instruction. Function set ( Interface is 8 bits length. ) Wait time > us RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB3 DB DB X X X X BF cannot be checked before this instruction. Function set ( Interface is 8 bits length. ) RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 DB3 DB3 DB DB N F X X I/D S Initialization Ends BF can be checked after the following instructions. Function set ( Interface is 8 bits length. Specify the number of display lines and character font. ) The number of display lines and character font cannot be changed afterwards. Display off Display clear Entry mode set AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

42 SPLC78D Power On [ 4-Bit Interface ] Wait time > 5 ms after VDD > 4.5V Wait time > 4ms After VDD > 2.7V RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 BF cannot be checked before this instruction. Function set ( Interface is 8 bits length. ) Wait time > 4. ms RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 BF cannot be checked before this instruction. Function set ( Interface is 8 bits length. ) Wait time > us RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 BF cannot be checked before this instruction. Function set ( Interface is 8 bits length. ) RS R/W DB7 DB6 DB5 DB4 N F X X I/D S Initialization Ends BF can be checked after the following instructions. Function set ( Set interface to be 4 bits length) Interface is 8 bits length. Function set ( Interface is 4 bits length. Specify the number of the display lines and character font. ) The number of display lines and character font cannot be changed afterwards. Display off Display clear Entry mode set AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

43 SPLC78D 5.8. Display Data RAM (DD RAM) The 8-bit DD RAM is normally used for storing display data. Those DD RAM not used for display data can be used as general data RAM. Its address is configured in the Address Counter. The relationships between Display Data RAM Address and LCD s position are depicted as follows. -line display, 8 display characters ( Example ) -line display, 8 display characters E 4F Display position Display data RAM address Display position Display data RAM address When the display shift operation is performed, the display data RAM's address moves as : ( i ) Left shift ( ii ) Right shift 8 4F Timing Generation Circuit The timing generating circuit is able to generate timing signals to the internal circuits. In order to prevent the internal timing interface, the MPU access timing and the RAM access timing are generated independently. 5.. Character Generator ROM (CG ROM) Using 8-bit character code, the character generator ROM generates 5 x 8 dots or 5 x dots character patterns. It also can generate 92 s 5 x 8 dots character patterns and 64 s 5 x dots character patterns. 5.. LCD Driver Circuit Total of 6 commons and 4 segments signal drivers are valid in the LCD driver circuit. When a program specifies the character fonts and line numbers, the corresponding common signals output drive-waveforms and the others still output unselected waveforms Character Generator RAM (CG RAM) Users can easily change the character patterns in the character generator RAM through program. It can be written to 5 x 8 dots, 8-character patterns or 5 x dots for 4-character patterns. 2 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

44 SPLC78D The following diagram shows the SPLC78D character patterns: Correspondence between Character Codes and Character Patterns. Higher 4-bit (D4 to D7) of Character Code (Hexadecimal) A B C D E F CG RAM () CG RAM (2) 2 CG RAM (3) 3 CG RAM (4) 4 CG RAM (5) Lower 4-bit (D to D3) of Character Code (Hexadecimal) A CG RAM (6) CG RAM (7) CG RAM (8) CG RAM () CG RAM (2) CG RAM (3) B CG RAM (4) C CG RAM (5) D CG RAM (6) E CG RAM (7) F CG RAM (8) 3 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

45 SPLC78D The relationships between Character Generator RAM Addresses, Character Generator RAM Data (character patterns), and Character Codes are depicted as follows: x 8 dot character patterns Character Code ( DD RAM Data ) CG RAM Address Character Patterns ( CG RAM Data ) b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b b b5 b4 b3 b2 b b b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b b X X X X X X X X Character Pattern Example () Cursor Position Character Pattern Example (2) Note: It means that the bit~2 of the character code correspond to the bit3~5 of the CG RAM address. Note2: These areas are not used for display, but can be used for the general data RAM. Note3: When all of the bit4-7 of the character code are, CG RAM character patterns are selected. Note4: " ": Selected, " " : No selected, " X " : Do not care ( or ). Note5: For example (), set character code (b2 = b = b =, b3 = or, b7-b4 = ) to display T. That means character code () 6,and (8) 6 can display T character. Note6: The bits -2 of the character code RAM is the character pattern line position. The 8th line is the cursor position and display is formed by logical OR with the cursor. 4 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

46 SPLC78D X dot character patterns Character Code ( DD RAM Data ) CG RAM Address Character Patterns ( CG RAM Data ) b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b b b5 b4 b3 b2 b b b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b b X X X X X X X X X X X X X Character Pattern Example () Cursor Position Note: It means that the bit~2 of the character code correspond to the bit4~5 of the CG RAM address. Note2: These areas are not used for display, but can be used for the general data RAM. Note3: When all of the bit4-7 of the character code are, CG RAM character patterns are selected. Note4: " : Selected, " : No selected, " X : Do not care ( or ). Note5: For example (), set character code (b2 = b =, b3 = b = or, b7-b4 = ) to display U. That means all of the character codes () 6, () 6, (8) 6,and (9) 6 can display U character. Note6: The bits -3 of the character code RAM is the character pattern line position. The th line is the cursor position and display is formed by logical OR with the cursor. 5 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

47 SPLC78D 5.3. Cursor/Blink Control Circuit This circuit generates the cursor or blink in the cursor / blink control circuit. The cursor or the blink appears in the digit at the Display Data RAM Address defined in the Address Counter. When the Address Counter is (7) 6, the cursor position is shown as belows: b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b b AC In a -line display digit the cursor position Display position Display data RAM address ( Hexadecimal ) In a 2-line display digit st line 2nd line Display position Display data RAM address ( Hexadecimal ) the cursor position 5.4. Interfacing to MPU There are two types of data operations: 4-bit and 8-bit operations. Using 4-bit MPU, the interfacing 4-bit data is transferred by 4-busline (DB4 to DB7). Thus, DB to DB3 bus lines are not used. Using 4-bit MPU to interface 8-bit data requires two times transferring. First, the higher 4-bit data is transferred by 4-busline (for 8-bit operation, DB7 to DB4). Secondly, the lower 4-bit data is transferred by 4-busline (for 8-bit operation, DB3 to DB). For 8-bit MPU, the 8-bit data is transferred by 8-buslines (DB to DB7) Supply Voltage for LCD Drive Different voltages can be supplied to SPLC78D s pins (V5 - ) for obtaining LCD drive-waveform. The relationships between bias, duty factor and supply voltages are shown as belows: Duty Factor Supply Voltage /8, / /4 /6 /5 V VDD /4 V LCD VDD /5 V LCD V2 VDD /2 V LCD VDD 2/5 V LCD V3 VDD /2 V LCD VDD 3/5 V LCD V4 VDD 3/4 V LCD VDD 4/5 V LCD V5 VDD V LCD VDD V LCD 6 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

48 SPLC78D The power connections for LCD (/4 Bias, /5 Bias) are shown belows: VDD ( +5.V ) VDD ( +5.V ) VDD R VDD R V V V2 R V2 R VLCD VLCD V3 R V3 R V4 V4 R R V5 V5 / 4 Bias VR / 5 Bias VR (/8,/ Duty) -V or Gnd (/6 Duty) -V or Gnd The bypass-capacitor improves the LCD display quality. VDD( +5.V ) VDD( +5.V ) VDD VDD V R C V R C V2 V3 V4 R R C C V2 V3 V4 R R R C C C V5 R C V5 R C / 4 Bias VR / 5 Bias VR (/8,/ Duty) -V or Gnd (/6 Duty) -V or Gnd The bias voltage must have the following relations: VDD > V > V2 V3 > V4 > V5. 7 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

49 SPLC78D The relationship between LCD frame s frequency and oscillator s frequency. (Assume the oscillation frequency is 25KHz, clock cycle time = 4.µs) /8 Duty, TYPE-B waveform 4 clocks VPP V COM V2(V3) V4 VSS Frame Frame frame = 4(µs) x 4 x 8 = 28(µs) = 2.8ms Frame frequency = = 78.(Hz) 2.8(ms) / Duty, TYPE-B waveform 4 clocks VPP V COM V2(V3) V4 VSS 2 2 Frame Frame 2 frame = 4(µs) x 4 x = 76(µs) = 7.6ms Frame frequency = = 56. 8(Hz) 7.6(ms) /6 Duty, TYPE-B waveform 2 clocks COM VPP V V2 V3 V4 VSS Frame Frame frame = 4(µs) x 2 x 6 = 28(µs) = 2.8ms Frame frequency = = 78.(Hz) 2.8(ms) 8 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

50 SPLC78D 5.6. REGISTER --- IR (Instruction Register) and DR (Data Register) SPLC78D contains two 8-bit registers: Instruction Register (IR) and Data Register (DR). Using combinations of the RS pin and the R/W pin selects the IR and DR, see below: 5.9. I/O Port Configuration Input port: E VDD PMOS RS R/W Operation IR write (Display clear, etc.) Read busy flag (DB7) and Address Counter (DB - DB6) DR write (DR to Display data RAM or Character generator RAM) DR read (Display data RAM or Character generator RAM to DR) The IR can be written by MPU, but it cannot be read by MPU Busy Flag (BF) Input port: R/W, RS VDD PMOS NMOS VDD PMOS NMOS When RS = and R/W =, the busy flag is output to DB7. As the busy flag =, SPLC78D is in busy state and does not accept any instruction until the busy flag = Address Counter (AC) The Address Counter assigns addresses to Display Data RAM and Character Generator RAM. When an instruction for address is written in IR, the address information is sent from IR to AC. After writing to/reading from Display Data RAM or Character Generator RAM, AC is automatically incremented by one (or decremented by one). The contents of AC are output to DB - DB6 when RS = and R/W = Output port: CL, CL2, M, D VDD PMOS NMOS Input / Output port: DB7 - DB VDD VDD VDD Enable PMOS PMOS NMOS Data 9 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

51 SPLC78D 6. ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS 6.. Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristics Symbol Ratings Operating Voltage VDD -.3V to +7.V Driver Supply Voltage V LCD VDD - 2V to VDD +.3V Input Voltage Range V IN -.3V to VDD +.3V Operating Temperature T A -3 to +8 Storage Temperature T STO -55 to +25 Note: Stresses beyond those given in the Absolute Maximum Rating table may cause operational errors or damage to the device. For normal operational conditions see AC/DC Electrical Characteristics DC Characteristics (VDD = 2.7V to 4.5V, TA = 25 ) Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition Operating Current I DD ma External clock (Note) Input High Voltage V IH.7VDD - VDD V Input Low Voltage V IL V Input High Voltage V IH2.7VDD - VDD V Input Low Voltage V IL VDD V Input High Current I IH µa Input Low Current I IL µa Output High Voltage (TTL) Output Low Voltage (TTL) Output High Voltage (CMOS) Output Low Voltage (CMOS) Driver ON Resistance (COM) Driver ON Resistance (SEG) V OH.75VDD - - V V OL - -.2VDD V V OH2.8VDD - - V V OL VDD V R COM KΩ R SEG KΩ Pins:(E, RS, R/W, DB - DB7) Pin OSC Pins: (RS, R/W, DB - DB7) VDD = 3.V I OH = -.ma Pins: DB - DB7 I OL =.ma Pins: DB - DB7 I OH = - 4µA, Pins: CL, CL2, M, D I OL = 4µA, Pins: CL, CL2, M, D I O = 5µA, V LCD = 4.V Pins: COM - COM6 I O = 5µA, V LCD = 4.V Pins: SEG - SEG4 LCD Voltage V LCD V VDD-V5, /4 bias or /5 bias Note: F OSC = 25KHz, VDD = 3.V, pin E = L, RS, R/W, DB - DB7 are open, all outputs are no loads. 2 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

52 SPLC78D 6.3. AC Characteristics (VDD = 2.7V to 4.5V, TA = 25 ) Internal clock operation Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition OSC Frequency F OSC KHz VDD = 3.V, Rf = 75KΩ 2% External clock operation Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition External Frequency F OSC KHz Duty Cycle % Rise/Fall Time t r, t f µs Write mode (Writing data from MPU to SPLC78D) Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition E Cycle Time t C - - ns Pin E E Pulse Width t PW ns Pin E E Rise/Fall Time t R, t F ns Pin E Address Setup Time t SP ns Pins: RS, R/W, E Address Hold Time t HD ns Pins: RS, R/W, E Data Setup Time t SP ns Pins: DB - DB7 Data Hold Time t HD2 - - ns Pins: DB - DB Read mode (Reading data from SPLC78D to MPU) Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition E Cycle Time t C - - ns Pin E E Pulse Width t W ns Pin E E Rise/Fall Time t R, t F ns Pin E Address Setup Time t SP ns Pins: RS, R/W, E Address Hold Time t HD ns Pins: RS, R/W, E Data Output Delay Time t D ns Pins: DB - DB7 Data hold time t HD ns Pin DB - DB7 2 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

53 SPLC78D 6.4. DC Characteristics (VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V, TA = 25 ) Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition Operating Current I DD ma External clock (Note) Input High Voltage V IH VDD V Pins:(E, RS, R/W, DB - DB7) Input Low Voltage V IL V Input High Voltage V IH2 VDD- - VDD V Pin OSC Input Low Voltage V IL V Pin OSC Input High Current I IH µa Input Low Current I IL µa Output High Voltage (TTL) Output Low Voltage (TTL) Output High Voltage (CMOS) Output Low Voltage (CMOS) Driver ON Resistance (COM) Driver ON Resistance (SEG) V OH VDD V V OL V V OH2.9VDD - VDD V V OL2 - -.VDD V R COM KΩ R SEG KΩ Pins: (RS, R/W, DB - DB7) VDD = 5.V I OH = -.ma Pins: DB - DB7 I OL =.ma Pins: DB - DB7 I OH = - 4µA, Pins: CL, CL2, M, D I OL = 4µA, Pins: CL, CL2, M, D I O = 5µA, V LCD = 4.V Pins: COM - COM6 I O = 5µA, V LCD = 4.V Pins: SEG - SEG4 LCD Voltage V LCD 3. - V VDD-V5, /4 bias or /5 bias Note: FOSC = 25KHz, VDD = 5.V, pin E = L, RS, R/W, DB - DB7 are open, all outputs are no loads AC Characteristics (VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V, TA = 25 ) Internal clock operation Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition OSC Frequency F OSC KHz VDD = 5.V, Rf = 9KΩ 2% External clock operation Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition External Frequency F OSC KHz Duty Cycle % Rise/Fall Time t r, t f µs 22 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

54 SPLC78D Write mode (Writing Data from MPU to SPLC78D) Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition E Cycle Time t C ns Pin E E Pulse Width t PW ns Pin E E Rise/Fall Time t R, t F ns Pin E Address Setup Time t SP ns Pins: RS, R/W, E Address Hold Time t HD - - ns Pins: RS, R/W, E Data Setup Time t SP ns Pins: DB - DB7 Data Hold Time t HD2 - - ns Pins: DB - DB Read mode (Reading Data from SPLC78D to MPU) Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition E Cycle Time t C ns Pin E E Pulse Width t W ns Pin E E Rise/Fall Time t R, t F ns Pin E Address Setup Time t SP ns Pins: RS, R/W, E Address Hold Time t HD - - ns Pins: RS, R/W, E Data Output Delay Time t D ns Pins: DB - DB7 Data hold time t HD ns Pin DB - DB Interface mode with LCD Driver (SPLCA) Characteristics Symbol Limit Min. Typ. Max. Unit Test Condition Clock pulse width high t PWH ns Pins: CL, CL2 Clock pulse width low t PWL ns Pins: CL, CL2 Clock setup time t CSP ns Pins: CL, CL2 Data setup time t DSP ns Pins: D Data hold time t HD ns Pins: D M delay time t D - - ns Pins: M 23 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

55 SPLC78D Write mode timing diagram (Writing Data from MPU to SPLC78D) RS VIH VIL tsp VIH VIL thd R / W VIL VIL tpw tf thd E VIH VIL VIH VIL VIL DB7 - tr VIH VIL tsp2 thd2 Valid Data VIH VIL tc Read mode timing diagram (Reading Data from SPLC78D to MPU) RS VIH VIL tsp V IH V IL thd R / W VIH VIH E V IH V IL tpw V IH V IL tf thd VIL DB - DB7 tr td V IH V IL Valid Data thd2 V IH V IL tc Interface mode with SPLCA timing diagram CL.9VDD tpwh.9vdd tpwh CL2.VDD tcsp.vdd.9vdd D tcsp tpwl.9vdd.9vdd.vdd.vdd tdsp thd M.VDD td 24 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

56 SPLC78D 7. APPLICATION CIRCUITS 7.. R-Oscillator The oscillation resistor R f is used only for the internal oscillator operation mode. OSC Rf : 75.KΩ 2% ( when VDD = 3.V) Rf : 9KΩ 2% ( when VDD = 5.V) OSC2 Since the oscillation frequency varies depending on the OSC and OSC2 pin capacitance, the wiring length to these pins should be minimized. 4 6 Fosc ( KHz ) 2 27 Fosc ( KHz ) Rosc ( Kohms ) Rosc ( Kohms ) VDD = 3.V VDD = 5.V 7.2. Interface to MPU Interface to 8-bit MPU (685) 685 PA PA7 PB PB PB2 8 DB DB7 E RS R / W COM COM6 SPLC78D SEG SEG4 6 4 LCD PANEL 6 COMMONS X 4 SEGMENTS Interface to 8-bit MPU (Z8) Z8 D D7 A A7 A IORQ WR 7 8 DB DB7 E RS R / W SPLC78D COM COM6 SEG SEG4 6 4 LCD PANEL 6 COMMONS X 4 SEGMENTS 25 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

57 SPLC78D 7.3. SPLC78D Application Circuit DOT MATRIX LCD PANEL 6 (8) COM6 (COM8) COM 4 SEG4 SEG 4 Y-Y4 DL DR2 VDD DL2 FCS DR SHL SHL2 CL GND CL2 VEE M VV2V3V4V5V6 SPLCA 4 SPLCA Y-Y4 DL DR2 VDD DL2 FCS DR SHL SHL2 CL GND CL2 VEE M VV2V3 V4V5V6 4 Y-Y4 DL DR2 VDD DL2 FCS DR SHL SHL2 CL GND CL2 VEE M VV2V3V4V5V6 SPLCA VDD GND CL CL2 M V V2 V3 V4 V5 SPLC78D R R R R R VR VDD ( +5V ) C C C C C -V or Gnd 26 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

58 SPLC78D 7.4. Applications for LCD SPLC78D COM COM8 SEG LCD Panel 8 characters x line SEG4 ( Example ) : 5 x 8 dots, 8 characters x line [ / 4 Bias, / 8 Duty ] SPLC78D COM COM LCD Panel 8 characters x line SEG SEG4 ( Example 2 ) : 5 x dots, 8 characters x line [ / 4 Bias, / Duty ] SPLC78D COM COM8 COM9 LCD Panel 8 characters x 2 lines COM6 SEG SEG4 ( Example 3 ) : 5 x 8 dots, 8 characters x 2 lines [ / 5 Bias, / 6 Duty ] 27 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

59 SPLC78D SPLC78D COM COM8 SEG SEG4 COM9 COM6 ( Example 4 ) : 5 x 8 dots, 6 characters x line [ / 5 Bias, / 6 Duty ] SPLC78D SEG SEG2 COM COM8 LCD Panel 4 characters x 2 lines SEG2 SEG4 ( Example 5 ) : 5 x 8 dots, 4 characters x 2 lines [ / 4 Bias, / 8 Duty ] 28 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.

60 Appendix SPLC78D 8. CHARACTER GENERATOR ROM 8.. SPLC78D - 29 AUG. 6, 23 Version:.