Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna Array for Beam Selection MIMO WLAN
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1 Globecom Wireless Communications Symposium Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna Array for Beam Selection MIMO WLAN Wen-Chao Zheng, Long Zhang, Qing-Xia Li Dept. of Electronics and Information Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China zhengwenchao_linux@yahoo.com.cn ksj_zhang@163.com qingxia_li@hust.edu.cn Yuan Zhou +, Rong Rong Central Research Institute Huawei Technologies CO., LTD. Shenzhen, China zhouyuan@huawei.com abel.rong@huawei.com Abstract A novel compact size dual-band dual-polarized antenna array for MIMO WLAN is reported. The array element comprises a periodic antenna with bowtie dipoles and a printed dipole antenna with a reflector and a director. The presented design is characterized by dual-band operation, good front-toback ratios, average gains of 4 and 5 dbi over the 2.4 and 5.2 GHz bands respectively. A prototype 12-element array exhibits dual broad bandwidth and low mutual coupling among 2.25GHz- 2.6GHz and 4.95GHz-6GHz. The measured results indicate the array is suitable for a/b/g/n systems employing MIMO and beam selection techniques. Keywords-antenna array; beam selection; dual-band; dualpolarized; MIMO; WLAN I. INTRODUCTION Multiple antenna techniques, which evidently offer the higher data rates and broadband access, have become a significant factor in WLAN (Wireless Local Area Networks). Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) combines multiple omni-directional antennas with signal processing techniques to expand the dimension of available wireless resources to time, frequency, and space. Another wireless technology that has been receiving interests to improve the performance of the wireless system is the beam selection strategy. In a beam selection system, directional antennas use narrow beams to focus RF energy toward desired receivers. Even though the benefits of combining MIMO and beam selection in WLAN have not been fully studied to date, this combining strategy exhibits well performance in indoor environments [1]. Since the MIMO antenna array with beam selection exhibits the potential ability to improve the performance of the WLAN system, an antenna array which supports these two techniques needs involve some specific characteristics: low mutual coupling, narrow beam, small compact, good front-toback ratio and high radiation efficiency. Multisector antennas are the favorable candidates for the MIMO system with the beam selection technique. Among the most widely used printed antennas for multisector antennas are the quasi-yagi antenna [2], dipole antenna [3], and printed bow-tie antenna [4]. In [5], a printed Yagi antenna with integrated balun was proposed for a planar MIMO array. In [6], an interesting geometry of 3 cubic dual-loop MIMO antennas with low correlation for dual band WLAN access points was presented but exhibits just moderate bandwidths. However, few articles focus on the dual-band dual-polarized antenna array for MIMO system with beam selection techniques. In this paper, a compact dual-band dual-polarized antenna array for MIMO WLAN is reported. The antenna array comprises 12 sectors for concurrent dual band MIMO WLAN. Dual-linear polarization is achieved by arranging the subarrays in circular and orthogonally combined. The proposed sector antenna is a combination of two sorts of antenna. One is the planar dipole for the 2.4GHz band, and the other is wideband periodic endfire antenna with bowtie dipoles for the 5.2GHz band. Comparing to the antennas in [5,6], the proposed antenna exhibits simple feeding structure and good impedance match. Furthermore, an (3, 3) MIMO antenna system could be achieved by the proposed layout. The performance of the proposed layout is discussed. II. DESIGN THE ANTENNA ARRAY A. Single Element The single array element comprises a printed dipole antenna for the 2.4GHz ( GHz) band and a wideband periodic endfire antenna with bowtie dipoles [7] for the 5.2GHz ( GHz) band. This antenna is printed on a two-layer substrate with thickness of 1.15mm and a dielectric constant of 4.4 as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In Fig. 1, Part A is a simple printed dipole antenna with length l and width w for the 2.4GHz band. In order to obtain the directional beam at 2.4GHz, a reflector and a director are applied as shown in Fig. 3. A quasi-yagi structure is accomplished by the reflector, the director and the radiation patch at 2.4GHz. The ground of the 5.2GHz antenna is assumed as the director of the quais-yagi antenna for 2.4GHz. Optimal parameters for l and w are 22mm and 3mm, respectively. Also, the distance between the reflector and the radiator and the distance between the radiator and the director are designed according to the quais-yagi structure as shown in Fig 3. Fig. 4 indicates the reflection coefficient of the 2.4GHz printed dipole antenna. The results + Corresponding author: Yuan Zhou, zhouyuan@huawei.com 4992
2 indicate that the operating bandwidth of the antenna is between 2.1GHz-2.6GHz. Figure 3. The 2.4GHz band antenna configuration Figure 1. Geometry of the single element Part B in Fig. 1 is also a wideband antenna including three bowtie dipole elements which are based on the rule of logperiodic antenna, a microstrip line to feed the antenna, a transition from the microstrip line to a PSL(Parallel strip line) [7]. The transition is achieved by symmetrically tapering the ground plane to the width of the PSL with a manner of quarter circles. The merits of this planar structure are the ease of measurement and feeding, the large impedance bandwidth. In Fig. 1, three circular bowtie elements with an equal flare angle α, denoted by I, II, III, are arranged along the PSL and their mutual distances are shown in Fig. 1. A good return loss can be achieved by simply tuning parameters of L 1, L 3 /L 2 =μ, R 3 /R 2 =R 2 /R 1 =v, gap δ and R. The suggested optimized parametric values are as follows: L 1 =10mm, L 2 =11.25mm, L 3 =6.85mm, v=0.69, R 1 =12.81mm, R=6.3mm, δ=0.3mm, W p =0.45mm. Fig. 4 shows the reflection coefficient of the array in a frequency range of 4-6GHz. The measured and computed reflection coefficient at the frequency of 4-6GHz in Fig 5 indicates a good agreement and a large operating bandwidth from 4.1GHz-6GHz. Figure 4. Measured and simulated reflection coefficient of the 2.4GHz antenna Figure 5. Measured and simulated reflection coefficient of the 5.2GHz antenna Figure 2. Prototype of the single element B. Array Model Configuration In a triangular, square or hexagonal array, a maximum of n m (n, m= 2, 3, 4) MIMO antennas can be normally accommodated for dual-band dual-polarized operation in one sector, two sectors or more sectors combined. This dual-band dual-polarized antenna arrays are arranged in hexagonal configuration as shown in Fig. 6. The array comprises 6 elements for horizontal polarization and 6 elements for vertical polarization. Meanwhile 3 elements for the horizontal polarization involve the 2.4GHz band printed dipole antenna in order to keep inter-element coupling below acceptable level as shown in Fig. 6. This array gives a total of 21 directional antennas, each 2.4GHz horizontal antenna will ideally have azimuth pattern beamwidth of at least 120 for full broadside 360 coverage whereas for 5.2GHz horizontal antennas, 2.4GHz vertical antennas, 5.2GHz vertical antennas azimuth beams just above 60. The vertical substrate panels are inserted through slits made on the main horizontal substrate panel as suggested in [8]. Therefore, a total of 21 directional satisfy the demand for beam selection strategy. In addition, in order to fulfill the 4993
3 space diversity and pattern diversity, proper selection strategy is applied. In the (3, 3) MIMO system we proposed, the three groups (H2, V1, V5) (H6, V2, V4) (H4, V3, V6) are one selection for three data streams. III. NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The dual band compact array was modeled and optimized by Ansoft high-frequency structure simulation (HFSS) [9]. A prototype of the array was fabricated and tested. The antenna elements are printed on FR4 with permittivity 4.4. A. Bandwidth performance and port isolation Fig. 8 shows the impedance bandwidth response of each antenna type. According to the symmetric distribution of the elements, it is straightforward that antennas in sectors H1, H3 and H5 will normally have the same bandwidth response. Therefore, S-parameters graphs are provided here only for sector H1 and sector H2. The difference between H1 and H2 is quite noticeable since H2 along with H4 and H6 comprise the 2.4GHz band antenna. Since the sectors in vertical plane all comprise the 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz antennas, they approximately share the same bandwidth response. Figure 6. The dual-band dual-polarized antenna array configuration Figure 8. Bandwidth performance of the antenna array Figure 7. Prototype of the dual-band dual-polarized antenna array The measured bandwidth ( S11 <-10dB) at the 2.4GHz band is 2.1GHz-2.5GHz for H2 and 2.3GHz-2.58GHz for V1. At the 5.2GHz band, the bandwidth range is 4.1GHz-6GHz for H1, 4.2GHz-6GHz for H2 and 4.1GHz-6GHz for V1. The broad bandwidth of the array ensures that the system exhibits robust performance even in a changing environment. Antenna ports isolation are evaluated in Fig.9 -. In the usable bandwidth ranges, these are all below -20dB of transmission coefficients at both 2.4GHz band and 5.2GHz band. Correlation coefficient is an important MIMO performance metric, as it quantifies the ability of the MIMO 4994
4 channel to provide parallel sub-channels, which facilitates good capacity performance. For isotropic/uniform signal propagation environments, the correlation coefficient and envelop correlation coefficient can be derived from the S- parameters [10] and they are denoted as ρ s and ρ e s. ρ s and ρ e s can be expressed as vertical sectors. Meanwhile, the 5.2GHz band antenna also exhibit well radiation efficiencies, 50%-60% for the horizontal sectors and 46%-57% for the vertical sectors, respectively. s 2 s ij eij * Sii S S S * ij ji jj (1- Sii - Sji )(1- Sjj - Sij ) radi radj 1/2 According to the measured S-parameters, the envelope correlation coefficient for array is less than 0.06 in the band of GHz, and less than 0.01 in the band of GHz. Figure 10. The radiation pattern of the 2.4GHz horizontal sector. The measured and simulated total gain in the xy-plane. The simulated co-pol and x-pol in the xy-plane Figure 9. The coupling among the array element ports B. Radiation patterns The measured and computed radiation patterns at the operating band center frequency, 2.42GHz and 5.55GHz, are shown in Fig. 10-Fig. 13. A good agreement is noticed, which further verifies the simulation results using HFSS. The front to back ratio of the horizontally and vertically polarized arrays were approximately 9dB in the 2.4GHz band and approximately 20dB in the 5.2GHz band. The vertical and horizontal sectors exhibit low cross-polarization levels in both 2.4GHz band and 5.2GHz band. The measured radiation efficiencies of the 2.4GHz band antennas are 51%-62% for horizontal sectors and 67%-69 for Figure 11. The radiation pattern of the 5.2GHz horizontal sector. The measured and simulated total gain in the xy-plane. The simulated co-pol and x-pol in the xy-plane 4995
5 IV. CONCLUSION A dual-band dual-polarized array design consisting of 21 radiators is presented as a possible antenna for WLAN with MIMO and beam selection techniques. The prototype fabricated array exhibits broad bandwidth, low mutual coupling within the 2.4GHz band and the 5.2GHz band. The proposed array efficiently provides concurrent dual operation for IEEE a/b/g/n Wi-Fi networks access points, as well as for other systems such as WiMax networks. Plurality of radiation patterns with simplified beam selection algorithms can be generated by this antenna array. REFERENCES [1] T. H. Kim, T. Salonidis and H. Lundgren, MIMO wireless networks with directional antennas in indoor environments, in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Orlando, March 25-30, 2012, pp [2] Y. Qian,W. R. Deal, N. Kaneda, and T. Itoh, Microstrip-fed quasi-yagi antenna with broadband characteristics, Electron. Lett., vol. 34, no. 23, pp , [3] G.Y. Chen and J. S. Sun, A printed dipole antenna with microstrip tapered balun, Microw. Opt. Tech. Lett., vol. 40, no. 4, pp , Feb [4] Y. D. Lin and S. N. Tsai, Analysis and design of broadband-coupled striplines-fed bow-tie antennas, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 46, no. 3, pp , Mar [5] A. D. Capobianco, F. M. Pigozzo, A. Assalini, et al. A compact MIMO Figure 12. The radiation pattern of the 2.4GHz vertical sector. The array of planar end-fire antennas for WLAN applications, IEEE measured and simulated total gain in the xy-plane. The simulated co-pol Trans.Antennas Propag., vol.59, no. 9, pp , Sep and x-pol in the xy-plane. [6] Saou.Wen.Su, High-gain dual-loop antennas for MIMO access points in the 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz bands, IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag., vol.58, no.7, pp , Jul [7] S. Qu, J. Li and Q. Xue, "Wideband periodic endfire antenna with bowtie dipoles," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol.7, pp , [8] Kish et al. Coverage antenna apparatus with selectable horizontal and vertical polarization elements, US Patent No 7,358,912 B1, Date of Patent: Apr.15, [9] HFSS: High frequency structure simulator based on the finite element method. Ansoft. [10] H. Paul, The significance of radiation efficiencies when using S- parameteres to calculate the received signal correlation from two antennas, IEEE Ant. Wirel. Propag. Lett., vol.4, no. 1, pp.97-99, Jun Figure 13. The radiation pattern of the 5.2GHz vertical sector. The measured and simulated total gain in the xy-plane. The simulated co-pol and x-pol in the xy-plane. 4996
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