Integrated Navigation System Eurofix Vision, Concept, Design, Implementation & Test
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1 Navtech Part # 1142 Integrated Navigation System Eurofix Vision, Concept, Design, Implementation & Test Gerard Offermans, Arthur Helwig Table of Contents Introduction Navigation impact on society Historical perspective of navigation policy Radionavigation policy in the USA Radionavigation policy in Europe Integrated navigation concept Outline of thesis References Integrated navigation concept Introduction Required Navigation Performance (RNP) Signal-in-space versus signal-at-the-antenna Single point failure structure Radionavigation systems overview Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Loran-C and Chayka Other navigation systems and sensors Integrated navigation receiver Communication in navigation systems GNSS augmentation Differential correction service External integrity service Discussion References... 43
2 3 Eurofix integrated navigation system Introduction GPS, Loran-C and their deficiencies GPS Loran-C Eurofix local area DGPS service Eurofix regional area DGPS service DGPS/Loran-C integration Discussion References Radio channel characteristics Introduction Loran-C signal characteristics Loran-C signal-in-space definition Atmospheric noise Man-made noise Skywave propagation Cross-rate interference and blanking Continuous wave interference Additional secondary factor Propagation of Loran-C signals in cities Loran-C timing control Discussion on the Loran-C radio channel characteristics GPS signal characteristics GPS signal specification Selective Availability Ionospheric and tropospheric delays Multipath propagation and shadowing Interference Discussion on GPS error characteristics References...92
3 5 Loran-C data transmission Introduction Physical layer Loran-C restrictions Modulation methods Eurofix modulation method Datalink layer Schemes for 2-level modulation Schemes for 3-level modulation Forward error correction Data demodulation and decoding Availability, integrity and coverage area of the Eurofix datalink Datalink availability Datalink integrity Eurofix datalink coverage area Discussion References Eurofix services Introduction Overview of Eurofix services Local area differential service Regional area differential service Wide area differential service Integrity service Loran-C UTC service General data broadcast Loran/GNSS integration Discussion Differential GNSS service Introduction Generation of differential corrections Asynchronous DGPS broadcast DGPS correction decorrelation...144
4 6.4 Regional area augmentation system Weighted average pseudorange corrections RAAS post-processing results Asynchronous reception of satellite corrections Integrity monitoring Discussion Discussion on Eurofix services Current Eurofix set-up in NELS References Loran-C/Eurofix software radio sensors Introduction Concept of software radio Loran-C/Eurofix antennas RF front-end A/D converter Digital signal processor Software radio advantages Implementing software radios Microprocessor/PC-based signal processing DSP-based signal processing ASICs-based signal processing Discussion References Digital Loran-C/Eurofix processing Loran-C processing Bandpass- and notch filtering Sample interpolation Cross-rate interference reduction Station tracking Phase measurement Other techniques Digital Eurofix datalink processing Signal demodulation Data processing...198
5 8.3 A combined Loran-C/Eurofix receiver Discussion References Implementation and Testing of Eurofix Introduction Real-life simulation of the Eurofix datalink Eurofix provider implementation TU Delft test set-up at Sylt Eurofix feasibility phase set-up Eurofix receiving equipment st Generation - PC-based Eurofix datalink receiver prototype d Generation - Eurofix datalink receiver ERX 104-D id Generation Loran-C/Eurofix receiver LORADD Data] ink performance Static datalink performance Dynamic datalink performance Positioning performance DGPS performance Calibrated Loran-C performance Discussion References Conclusions and discussion International perspectives towards integrated navigation Eurofix as an integrated navigation system Implementation of Eurofix Provider side User side Standardisation References...248
6 Annex A Eurofix timeline Annex B Eurofix modulation and data format specification Annex C Installations of Eurofix around the world Annex D Error correcting codes Annex E List of abbreviations Annex F List of symbols Annex G Curricula Vitae Annex H Related publications by the authors Annex I Samenvatting (Dutch summary)
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