Space-Time Adaptive Processing Using Sparse Arrays
|
|
- Posy Johns
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Space-Time Adaptive Processing Using Sparse Arrays Michael Zatman 11 th Annual ASAP Workshop March 11 th -14 th 2003 This work was sponsored by the DARPA under Air Force Contract F C Opinions, interpretations, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author, and are not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government
2 Application: Space Based Radar Fast orbital velocity (Large aperture ~ GMTI performance) Long range to target (Large aperture ~ location accuracy) Launch cost ~low weight and size (folded) DARPA Erectorsat Program: Assembly of large radar apertures in space
3 Outline Introduction Theory Performance Summary
4 STAP Units 2 Vel. Vel. λ -Vel. λ2 Velocity Velocity Doppler (m/s) (Hz) 00 -Vel. λ2 v( θ ) = sin( θ ) D ( ) 2v sin θ = λ -2 Vel. -Vel. λ Azimuth ( o )
5 STAP Units 2 Vel. 0.5 λ Velocity Normalized Doppler Doppler (Hz) (Rel. PRF) -Vel λ 0 0 Vel λ D = ( ) 2v sin θ λ -2 Vel λ SIN (Azimuth)
6 Doppler Ambiguous Clutter Vel. Beamwidth Normalized Doppler 2 PRF PRF 0 -PRF PRF Fast Platform Slow Platform Normalized Doppler SIN (Azimuth) β = 4v λprf -2 PRF SIN (Azimuth) -Vel. Main Beam Clutter Width 2v = λ L 4v L ( m/s) = ( Hz)
7 Aperture and Doppler Limited Performance β=1 10 Pulses SINR Loss β=4 10 Pulses SINR Loss 0 # Elements # Elements -5 SINR Loss (db) Normalized Doppler Aperture limited limited performance is is reached if if the the array array travels travels more more than than one one aperture length length in in a CPI CPI Fast Fast moving platforms (e.g., (e.g., SBR) SBR) need need long long apertures to to achieve resolution limited limited performance for for typical typical CPI CPI lengths Large Large arrays arrays are are expensive Use. Dopp. Space Frac. Normalized Doppler β=1 Dopp. ltd β=4 Aper. ltd β=4 Dopp. ltd # Elements -10
8 Some Sparse Array Concepts Interferometer Useful Tx. Energy Mainlobe Tx+Rx Rx Even Spaced Equal Size Rx Tx+Rx Rx Uneven Spaced Equal Size Rx Tx+Rx Rx Response (db) Sidelobes Filled Sparse Angle ( o ) Grating lobes Sparse arrays trade mainlobe width against grating lobe height to find the optimum sparseness Rx Many Apertures Tx+Rx Rx Energy transferred from the mainlobe to the grating lobes is useless for Tx. Use a filled section of the sparse array for Tx. And form multiple Rx. beams
9 Sparse Array Issues Adaptive beamformer / STAP performance Narrower null due to increased aperture Losses due to grating lobes / nulls This Talk Angle estimation performance Improved accuracy due to narrower beamwidth (CRB) Non-local errors due to grating lobes (WWB, ZZB, AB, ) SAR performance Multiple spatial samples per pulse Tight PRF constraints Hardware and cost Sparse arrays require less hardware Cheaper & lighter
10 Outline Introduction Theory Clutter Rank Waveforms SINR Loss Performance Summary
11 Brennan s Rule & Ward s Rules* Brennan s Rule Rank = Total Synthetic Aperture Ward s Min Rank Rule Min Rank = N + M - 1 m = 1 m = 1 Time m = 2 m = M d o... Time m = 2 m = M d = β d o... Element Position N Element Position N fill Brennan s rule for filled arrays: r = N + β ( M 1) Ward s rules for sparse arrays: = N + M 1 r min r = Nfill + β ( M 1) max *J. Ward, Asilomar 1998 Element Position N = Number of elements, M = Number of pulses, β = 2 v T d -1 0, N fill = Number of elements in filled array Time m = 1 m = 2 m = M Ward s Max Rank Rule Max Rank = Total Synthetic Aperture... N fill
12 Additional Sparse Array Behavior N = 24, M = 10, β = 4 Example Length = 24 ele. Length = 50 ele. Length = 80 ele. Eigenvalue (db) 2 Subarrays 3 Subarrays 4 Subarrays 2 Subarrays 3 Subarrays 4 Subarrays 2 Subarrays 3 Subarrays 4 Subarrays Eigenvlaue Index Eigenvlaue Index Eigenvlaue Index Clutter Rank 2 Subarrays 3 Subarrays 4 Subarrays Aperture Length (Element Positions)
13 New (?) Rules for Sparse Arrays m = 1 Time m = 2 m = 3 m = 4 m = 5 Rank=min[6+1+4,6+2*1]=min[11,8]=8 Rank=min[6+2+4,6+2*2]=min[12,10]=10 Rank=min[6+3+4,6+2*3]=min[13,12]=12 Rank=min[6+4+4,6+2*4]=min[14,14]=14 m = Element Position For arrays which move less than the smallest subarray aperture during a pulse the rank is given by : min [ N + β ( M 1) + G, N + Sβ ( M 1) ] Jim Ward s r max Using each sub array independently Rank=min[6+5+4,6+2*5]=min[15,16]=15 For equal size subarrays a sparse array is no better than a single subarray if G > β( S 1)( M 1) I.e., The array is so sparse that there is no redundancy G = Sum gap sizes (element positions) S = Number of subarrays
14 Sparse Aperture Waveforms Unambiguous Waveform Ambiguous Waveform Response (db) Doppler PRF Doppler Clutter Ridge D = 2 v sin (θ) λ -1 PRF Sparse Filled Sin (θ) Sin (θ) Ambiguous waveforms (e.g., pulse-doppler) and sparse (ambiguous) apertures lead to multiple clutter nulls Unambiguous waveforms preferable
15 Long Single Pulse Waveforms Pulse length: up to 3000 km Phase Encoded Waveform Amplitude Doppler 20 ms = 50 Hz Doppler Resolution = 0.75 m/s Velocity 10 GHz Waveform Code Range Time Single pulse means no range or Doppler ambiguities High chip rate sets Doppler ambiguities Must pulse compress each Doppler bin separately More computation than pulse-doppler waveforms Concern about strong sidelobe clutter > noise floor Wide bandwidth & narrow antenna beampatterns
16 Processing Long Single Pulse Waveform N Channels Digital Digital Digital Receiver Receiver Receiver Pulse Comp. Pulse Pulse Doppler Comp. Comp. Bin 1 Doppler Doppler Bin Bin 1 1 Pulse Comp. Pulse Pulse Doppler Comp. Comp. Bin 2 Doppler Doppler Bin Bin 2 2 Pulse Pulse Comp. Comp. Pulse Doppler Doppler Comp. Bin Bin Doppler Bin Pulse Pulse Comp. Comp. Pulse Doppler Doppler Comp. Bin Bin Doppler Bin M Inverse Fourier Transform M Pulses (Nyquist sampled for highest Doppler) Any STAP Algorithm Long single pulse radar can be made to appear like a regular pulse-doppler radar Looks like high PRF radar without the range ambiguities
17 Space Time Adaptive Processing Response / Doppler Sparse / Filled Clutter ridge Normalized SINR (db) Sparse Filled Grating lobes lead to reduced detection performance at particular Doppler frequencies H H 2 GratingLobe Gain SINRLoss v v v e = 1 MainbeamGain Should not make the array too sparse For <3 db SINR loss grating lobe gain must be 3 db less than main lobe gain (Σ grating lobes for pulse-doppler waveforms?) Sin (Angle) Normalized Doppler
18 Outline Introduction Theory Performance Dependence on waveform SBR Design Example Summary
19 Unambiguous vs. Ambiguous Waveforms Interferometer Example N = 8, M = 32, β = 1 N = 8, M = 8, β = 4 Gap (Element Positions) Single Sub. Perf. SINR Loss (db) Gap (Element Positions) Runs out of DOFs SINR Loss (db) Normalized Doppler (β=1 system) Normalized Doppler (β=1 system) Filled rank = 8+1(32-1) = 39 Max. sparse rank = 8+2(32-1) = 70 (reached with a 31 element gap) Filled rank = 8+4(8-1) = 36 Runs out of DOFs with a 27 element gap (32-1) = 63 Doppler unambiguous waveforms better preserve the available DOFs
20 Unambiguous vs. Ambiguous Waveforms N = 8, M = 32, β = 1 N = 8, M = 8, β = 4 Gap (Element Positions) SINR Loss (db) Gap (Element Positions) SINR Loss (db) Normalized Doppler (β=4 system) Normalized Doppler (β=4 system) Grating lobes on Doppler ambiguous clutter Multiple grating lobes on Doppler ambiguous clutter Combination of of Doppler and and angle ambiguities leads to to poor SINR performance
21 Space Based GMTI Radar Examples Parameters 32m x 2.5m filled aperture Scenarios 10 GHz operating frequency 1000 km orbit 7282 m/s orbital velocity 1 kw peak transmit power 200 MHz bandwidth Area of interest 0 o Rotation 60 o Rotation Unambiguous waveform -12 db const. γ clutter model 2500 km range 16.67ms CPI length Travel ~120m in a CPI Doppler SIN (Angle) Doppler SIN (Angle)
22 Space Based Radar GMTI Designs Interferometer Array Even Spaced Equal Size Tx & Rx Rx Rx Tx & Rx Rx Uneven Spaced Equal Size Many Apertures Rx Tx & Rx Rx Rx Tx & Rx Rx Many possible array configurations Radar performance Ease of launch and assembly* Mechanical issues* * Issues being addressed by Aerospace Corporation
23 0 o Rotation Scenario Interferometer Array Three Equal Arrays - Even Array Length (m) Array Length (m) m 1.88 m/s Three Equal Arrays - Uneven 97m 1.13 m/s Velocity (m/s) 65m 1.58 m/s Many Unequal Apertures 242m 0.98 m/s Velocity (m/s) 3.23 m/s Many unequal apertures provides the longest array and best performance Normalized SINR (db)
24 60 o Rotation Scenario Interferometer Array Three Equal Arrays - Even Array Length (m) Array Length (m) m 1.2 m/s Three Equal Arrays - Uneven 97m 72m 1.05 m/s Velocity (m/s) Array Length (m) Array Length (m) 65m 0.98 m/s Many Unequal Apertures 224m 0.9 m/s Velocity (m/s) 1.8 m/s Better overall MDV, but reduced total baseline in some cases Normalized SINR (db)
25 -3 db MDV vs. Array Length 0 o Rotation 60 o Rotation MDV (m/s) Lower variance of the subarray positions of the many unequal config. MDV (m/s) Interferometer 3 Equal Even 3 Equal Uneven Many Unequal Array Length (m) Array Length (m) Many unequal subarrays configuration needs a larger baseline to obtain the same performance as the other configurations, but ultimately provides the best MDV 165m aperture optimizes MDV for 2500 km range Longer apertures improve angle metrics
26 Summary Sparse arrays potentially improve the minimum detectable performance of space-based radars Approach the MDV performance of a large filled aperture much with lower size, weight and cost Sparse arrays and sparse (pulse-doppler) waveforms do not mix well Sparse arrays perform well with Doppler unambiguous waveforms Sparse waveforms (pulse-doppler) perform well with filled arrays Long single-pulse waveforms provide range and Doppler unambiguous operation and are compatible with current STAP algorithms Sparse arrays with many unevenly sized unevenly spaced subarrays provide the best GMTI performance
27 Backup Viewgraphs
28 Interferometer Array Grating Lobes Untapered Apertures 40 db Taylor Apertures Gratinglobe Level (db) Gratinglobe Level (db) Fill Fraction Fill Fraction = Filled Aperture Total Aperture Fill Fraction Grating lobes quickly appear for interferometer array ~ 2 / 3 fill fraction -3 db grating lobes untapered apertures
29 Grating Lobe Distributions 3 Equal Arrays Peak Gratinglobe (db) Gap Ratio Interf. 1:1 2:1 3:1 4:1 5:1 Number GLs > -3 db Gap Ratio Interf. 1:1 2:1 3:1 4:1 5:1 Fill Fraction Fill Fraction Gap Ratio = Big Gap : Small Gap Small Gap Big Gap Lower grating lobes than interferometer Higher gap ratios lead to lower grating lobes Also poorer MDV performance
30 Grating Lobe Distributions Unequal Arrays Peak Gratinglobe (db) Gap Ratio Interf. 3 Equal 1:1 3 Unequal 2:1 5 Unequal 7 Unequal 9 Unequal Number GLs > -3 db Gap Ratio Interf. 3 Equal 1:1 3 Unequal 2:1 5 Unequal 7 Unequal 9 Unequal Fill Fraction Fill Fraction 50% filled aperture in center subarray Multiple unequal arrays have the best grating lobe performance
31 0 o Rotation Scenario Interferometer Array Three Equal Arrays - Even Array Length (m) Array Length (m) 50m Three Equal Arrays - Uneven 97m Normalized Doppler Array Length (m) Array Length (m) 65m Normalized Doppler Many Unequal Apertures 242m Normalized SINR (db) Normalized Doppler Normalized Doppler
32 Three Equal Apertures Target Location Gap (m) Peak Grating Lobe -3 db Contour -6 db Contour Grating Lobe Level (db) Threshold SNR (db) Weiss Weinstein Bound Gap Ratio 1:1 1:2 1:4 1:5 Gap (m) Aperture (m) 96 m aperture largest possible without increasing the threshold SNR Provides 89 m rms error at 6 o grazing 82 m gives 107 m rms error
33 Three Unequal Apertures Target Location Gap (m) Peak Grating Lobe -3 db Contour -6 db Contour Grating Lobe Level (db) Threshold SNR (db) Weiss Weinstein Bound Gap Ratio 1:1 1:2 1:3 1:4 1:5 Gap (m) Aperture (m) 72 m aperture largest possible without increasing the threshold SNR 72m aperture Provides 119m rms error at 6 o grazing
34 SINR Loss Due To Grating Lobe (Spatial Only Example) 20 Element Array Example Normalized Gain Gap Size 5 ele 10 ele 20 ele SINR Loss (db) db -1.2 db B -5.1 db SIN (Angle) SIN (Angle) Under the high INR assumption: SINR Loss H H v v v e = 1 2 Grating Lobe Gain Mainbeam Gain i.e., for 3 db loss grating lobe gain (sum grating lobes for pulse-doppler?) must be 3 db less than main lobe gain
Robust Wideband Waveforms for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) Applications
Robust Wideband Waveforms for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) Applications DARPA SBIR Topic: SB82-2, Phase II Army Contract W31P4Q-11-C-43 Program Summary September
More informationAdaptive SAR Results with the LiMIT Testbed
Adaptive SAR Results with the LiMIT Testbed Gerald Benitz Adaptive Sensor Array Processing Workshop 7 June 2005 999999-1 Outline LiMIT collection platform SAR sidelobe recovery Electronic Protection (EP)
More informationWideband, Long-CPI GMTI
Wideband, Long-CPI GMTI Ali F. Yegulalp th Annual ASAP Workshop 6 March 004 This work was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Air Force under Air Force Contract F968-00-C-000.
More informationRobust Wideband Waveforms for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) Applications
Robust Wideband Waveforms for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) Applications DARPA SBIR Topic: SB82-2, Phase II Army Contract W31P4Q-11-C-43 Program Summary September
More informationSpace-Time Adaptive Processing for Distributed Aperture Radars
Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Distributed Aperture Radars Raviraj S. Adve, Richard A. Schneible, Michael C. Wicks, Robert McMillan Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Toronto, 1 King s College
More informationWaveform-Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Distributed Aperture Radars
Waveform-Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Distributed Aperture Radars Raviraj S. Adve, Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Toronto Richard A. Schneible, Stiefvater Consultants, Marcy, NY Gerard
More informationFundamental Concepts of Radar
Fundamental Concepts of Radar Dr Clive Alabaster & Dr Evan Hughes White Horse Radar Limited Contents Basic concepts of radar Detection Performance Target parameters measurable by a radar Primary/secondary
More informationChallenges in Advanced Moving-Target Processing in Wide-Band Radar
Challenges in Advanced Moving-Target Processing in Wide-Band Radar July 9, 2012 Douglas Page, Gregory Owirka, Howard Nichols 1 1 BAE Systems 6 New England Executive Park Burlington, MA 01803 Steven Scarborough,
More informationRadar Systems Engineering Lecture 14 Airborne Pulse Doppler Radar
Radar Systems Engineering Lecture 14 Airborne Pulse Doppler Radar Dr. Robert M. O Donnell Guest Lecturer Radar Systems Course 1 Examples of Airborne Radars F-16 APG-66, 68 Courtesy of US Navy Courtesy
More informationKa-Band Systems and Processing Approaches for Simultaneous High-Resolution Wide-Swath SAR Imaging and Ground Moving Target Indication
Ka-Band Systems and Processing Approaches for Simultaneous High-Resolution Wide-Swath SAR Imaging and Ground Moving Target Indication Advanced RF Sensors and Remote Sensing Instruments 2014 Ka-band Earth
More informationSpace-Time Adaptive Processing: Fundamentals
Wolfram Bürger Research Institute for igh-frequency Physics and Radar Techniques (FR) Research Establishment for Applied Science (FGAN) Neuenahrer Str. 2, D-53343 Wachtberg GERMANY buerger@fgan.de ABSTRACT
More informationIntroduction to Radar Systems. Clutter Rejection. MTI and Pulse Doppler Processing. MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Radar Course_1.ppt ODonnell
Introduction to Radar Systems Clutter Rejection MTI and Pulse Doppler Processing Radar Course_1.ppt ODonnell 10-26-01 Disclaimer of Endorsement and Liability The video courseware and accompanying viewgraphs
More informationMULTI-CHANNEL SAR EXPERIMENTS FROM THE SPACE AND FROM GROUND: POTENTIAL EVOLUTION OF PRESENT GENERATION SPACEBORNE SAR
3 nd International Workshop on Science and Applications of SAR Polarimetry and Polarimetric Interferometry POLinSAR 2007 January 25, 2007 ESA/ESRIN Frascati, Italy MULTI-CHANNEL SAR EXPERIMENTS FROM THE
More informationADAPTIVE ANTENNAS. TYPES OF BEAMFORMING
ADAPTIVE ANTENNAS TYPES OF BEAMFORMING 1 1- Outlines This chapter will introduce : Essential terminologies for beamforming; BF Demonstrating the function of the complex weights and how the phase and amplitude
More informationA Stepped Frequency CW SAR for Lightweight UAV Operation
UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED A Stepped Frequency CW SAR for Lightweight UAV Operation ABSTRACT Dr Keith Morrison Department of Aerospace, Power and Sensors University of Cranfield, Shrivenham Swindon, SN6 8LA
More informationSIGNAL MODEL AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR COLOCATED MIMO RADAR
SIGNAL MODEL AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR COLOCATED MIMO RADAR Moein Ahmadi*, Kamal Mohamed-pour K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Iran.*moein@ee.kntu.ac.ir, kmpour@kntu.ac.ir Keywords: Multiple-input
More informationIntroduction to Radar Systems. Radar Antennas. MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Radar Antennas - 1 PRH 6/18/02
Introduction to Radar Systems Radar Antennas Radar Antennas - 1 Disclaimer of Endorsement and Liability The video courseware and accompanying viewgraphs presented on this server were prepared as an account
More informationTracking of Moving Targets with MIMO Radar
Tracking of Moving Targets with MIMO Radar Peter W. Moo, Zhen Ding Radar Sensing & Exploitation Section DRDC Ottawa Research Centre Presentation to 2017 NATO Military Sensing Symposium 31 May 2017 waveform
More informationDetection of Targets in Noise and Pulse Compression Techniques
Introduction to Radar Systems Detection of Targets in Noise and Pulse Compression Techniques Radar Course_1.ppt ODonnell 6-18-2 Disclaimer of Endorsement and Liability The video courseware and accompanying
More informationINTRODUCTION TO RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
INTRODUCTION TO RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING Christos Ilioudis University of Strathclyde c.ilioudis@strath.ac.uk Overview History of Radar Basic Principles Principles of Measurements Coherent and Doppler Processing
More informationVHF Radar Target Detection in the Presence of Clutter *
BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES Volume 6, No 1 Sofia 2006 VHF Radar Target Detection in the Presence of Clutter * Boriana Vassileva Institute for Parallel Processing,
More informationSet No.1. Code No: R
Set No.1 IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, November -2008 RADAR SYSTEMS ( Common to Electronics & Communication Engineering and Electronics & Telematics) Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80 Answer any
More informationReal-Time Through-Wall Imaging Using an Ultrawideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Phased-Array Radar System
Real-Time Through-Wall Imaging Using an Ultrawideband Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Phased-Array Radar System G. L. Charvat, T. S. Ralston, and J. E. Peabody Aerospace Sensor Technology Group This
More informationDesign and Performance Simulation of a Ku-Band Rotating Fan-Beam Scatterometer
Design and Performance Simulation of a Ku-Band Rotating Fan-Beam Scatterometer Xiaolong DONG, Wenming LIN, Di ZHU, (CSSAR/CAS) PO Box 8701, Beijing, 100190, China Tel: +86-10-62582841, Fax: +86-10-62528127
More informationRapid scanning with phased array radars issues and potential resolution. Dusan S. Zrnic, V.M.Melnikov, and R.J.Doviak
Rapid scanning with phased array radars issues and potential resolution Dusan S. Zrnic, V.M.Melnikov, and R.J.Doviak Z field, Amarillo 05/30/2012 r=200 km El = 1.3 o From Kumjian ρ hv field, Amarillo 05/30/2012
More informationESA Radar Remote Sensing Course ESA Radar Remote Sensing Course Radar, SAR, InSAR; a first introduction
Radar, SAR, InSAR; a first introduction Ramon Hanssen Delft University of Technology The Netherlands r.f.hanssen@tudelft.nl Charles University in Prague Contents Radar background and fundamentals Imaging
More informationSpace-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) Some Performance Limiting Factors
Space-Time Aaptive Processing (STAP) Some Performance Limiting Factors Presente to IEEE AESS 26 October 2004 Dr. Siney W. Theis (sitheis@caesoft.biz) Robert J. Hancock (bob@caesoft.biz) 21 Oct 2004 Page
More informationWave Sensing Radar and Wave Reconstruction
Applied Physical Sciences Corp. 475 Bridge Street, Suite 100, Groton, CT 06340 (860) 448-3253 www.aphysci.com Wave Sensing Radar and Wave Reconstruction Gordon Farquharson, John Mower, and Bill Plant (APL-UW)
More informationCircular SAR GMTI Douglas Page, Gregory Owirka, Howard Nichols a, Steven Scarborough b a
Circular SAR GMTI Douglas Page, Gregory Owirka, Howard Nichols a, Steven Scarborough b a BAE Systems Technology Solutions, 6 New England Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803 b AFRL/RYA, 2241 Avionics Circle,
More informationComparison of Two Detection Combination Algorithms for Phased Array Radars
Comparison of Two Detection Combination Algorithms for Phased Array Radars Zhen Ding and Peter Moo Wide Area Surveillance Radar Group Radar Sensing and Exploitation Section Defence R&D Canada Ottawa, Canada
More informationKnow how Pulsed Doppler radar works and how it s able to determine target velocity. Know how the Moving Target Indicator (MTI) determines target
Moving Target Indicator 1 Objectives Know how Pulsed Doppler radar works and how it s able to determine target velocity. Know how the Moving Target Indicator (MTI) determines target velocity. Be able to
More informationRadar Systems Engineering Lecture 15 Parameter Estimation And Tracking Part 1
Radar Systems Engineering Lecture 15 Parameter Estimation And Tracking Part 1 Dr. Robert M. O Donnell Guest Lecturer Radar Systems Course 1 Block Diagram of Radar System Transmitter Propagation Medium
More informationUltra Wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Data Acquisition & Antenna Analysis
Ultra Wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Data Acquisition & Antenna Analysis R. Arriëns T.T. Wieffering Technische Universiteit Delft Ultra Wideband Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Data Acquisition
More informationAIRBORNE RADAR AND SHIPBORNE SONAR: RECENT ADVANCES AND COMPARED SOLUTIONS
AIRBORNE RADAR AND SHIPBORNE SONAR: RECENT ADVANCES AND COMPARED SOLUTIONS Yves DOISY THALES Underwater Systems Sophia Antipolis, France Yves.doisy@fr.thalesgroup.com François LE CHEVALIER THALES Aerospace
More informationDetection of Multipath Propagation Effects in SAR-Tomography with MIMO Modes
Detection of Multipath Propagation Effects in SAR-Tomography with MIMO Modes Tobias Rommel, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), tobias.rommel@dlr.de, Germany Gerhard Krieger, German Aerospace Centre (DLR),
More informationDOPPLER RADAR. Doppler Velocities - The Doppler shift. if φ 0 = 0, then φ = 4π. where
Q: How does the radar get velocity information on the particles? DOPPLER RADAR Doppler Velocities - The Doppler shift Simple Example: Measures a Doppler shift - change in frequency of radiation due to
More informationMultifunction Phased Array
Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR) John Cho 18 November 2014 Sponsors: Michael Emanuel, FAA Advanced Concepts and Technology Development (ANG-C63) Kurt Hondl, NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory
More informationDIGITAL BEAM-FORMING ANTENNA OPTIMIZATION FOR REFLECTOR BASED SPACE DEBRIS RADAR SYSTEM
DIGITAL BEAM-FORMING ANTENNA OPTIMIZATION FOR REFLECTOR BASED SPACE DEBRIS RADAR SYSTEM A. Patyuchenko, M. Younis, G. Krieger German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Muenchner Strasse
More informationApproaches for Angle of Arrival Estimation. Wenguang Mao
Approaches for Angle of Arrival Estimation Wenguang Mao Angle of Arrival (AoA) Definition: the elevation and azimuth angle of incoming signals Also called direction of arrival (DoA) AoA Estimation Applications:
More informationConcept Design of Space-Borne Radars for Tsunami Detection
Concept Design of Space-Borne Radars for Tsunami Detection DLR German Aerospace Agency +Microwaves and Radar Institute *Remote Sensing Institute +Michele Galletti +Gerhard Krieger +Nicolas Marquart +Thomas
More informationRadar Receiver Calibration Toolkit
Radar Receiver Calibration Toolkit Sam Petersen, Ryan Cantalupo Group 108 WPI Major Qualifying Project Wednesday October 16, 2013 This work is sponsored by the Department of the Air Force under Air Force
More informationBYU SAR: A LOW COST COMPACT SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR
BYU SAR: A LOW COST COMPACT SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR David G. Long, Bryan Jarrett, David V. Arnold, Jorge Cano ABSTRACT Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) systems are typically very complex and expensive.
More informationLecture 6 SIGNAL PROCESSING. Radar Signal Processing Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti. Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti
Lecture 6 SIGNAL PROCESSING Signal Reception Receiver Bandwidth Pulse Shape Power Relation Beam Width Pulse Repetition Frequency Antenna Gain Radar Cross Section of Target. Signal-to-noise ratio Receiver
More informationUWB medical radar with array antenna
UWB medical radar with array antenna UWB Implementations Workshop Jan Hammerstad PhD student FFI MELODY project 04. May 2009 Overview Role within the MELODY project. Stepped frequency continuous wave radar
More informationEigenvalues and Eigenvectors in Array Antennas. Optimization of Array Antennas for High Performance. Self-introduction
Short Course @ISAP2010 in MACAO Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors in Array Antennas Optimization of Array Antennas for High Performance Nobuyoshi Kikuma Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan 1 Self-introduction
More informationAn evolutionary algorithm approach to simultaneous multi-mission radar waveform design
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses Thesis/Dissertation Collections 8-1-27 An evolutionary algorithm approach to simultaneous multi-mission radar waveform design Jason Enslin Follow
More informationMIMO RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
MIMO RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING Edited by JIAN LI PETRE STOICA WILEY A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION PREFACE CONTRIBUTORS xiii xvii 1 MIMO Radar Diversity Means Superiority 1 Лап Li and Petre Stoica
More informationIntroduction to Radar Systems. The Radar Equation. MIT Lincoln Laboratory _P_1Y.ppt ODonnell
Introduction to Radar Systems The Radar Equation 361564_P_1Y.ppt Disclaimer of Endorsement and Liability The video courseware and accompanying viewgraphs presented on this server were prepared as an account
More informationTHE UTILITY OF SYNTHETIC APERTURE SONAR IN SEAFLOOR IMAGING MARCIN SZCZEGIELNIAK
THE UTILITY OF SYNTHETIC APERTURE SONAR IN SEAFLOOR IMAGING MARCIN SZCZEGIELNIAK University of Technology and Agriculture in Bydgoszcz 7 Kalisky Ave, 85-79 Bydgoszcz, Poland e-mail: marcinszczegielniak@poczta.onet.pl
More informationDynamically Configured Waveform-Agile Sensor Systems
Dynamically Configured Waveform-Agile Sensor Systems Antonia Papandreou-Suppappola in collaboration with D. Morrell, D. Cochran, S. Sira, A. Chhetri Arizona State University June 27, 2006 Supported by
More informationAn Improved DBF Processor with a Large Receiving Antenna for Echoes Separation in Spaceborne SAR
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 67, 49 57, 216 An Improved DBF Processor a Large Receiving Antenna for Echoes Separation in Spaceborne SAR Hongbo Mo 1, *,WeiXu 2, and Zhimin Zeng 1 Abstract
More informationPrinciples of Space- Time Adaptive Processing 3rd Edition. By Richard Klemm. The Institution of Engineering and Technology
Principles of Space- Time Adaptive Processing 3rd Edition By Richard Klemm The Institution of Engineering and Technology Contents Biography Preface to the first edition Preface to the second edition Preface
More informationMulti Band Passive Forward Scatter Radar
Multi Band Passive Forward Scatter Radar S. Hristov, A. De Luca, M. Gashinova, A. Stove, M. Cherniakov EESE, University of Birmingham Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK m.cherniakov@bham.ac.uk Outline Multi-Band
More informationRadar Systems Engineering Lecture 12 Clutter Rejection
Radar Systems Engineering Lecture 12 Clutter Rejection Part 1 - Basics and Moving Target Indication Dr. Robert M. O Donnell Guest Lecturer Radar Systems Course 1 Block Diagram of Radar System Transmitter
More informationINTRODUCTION. Basic operating principle Tracking radars Techniques of target detection Examples of monopulse radar systems
Tracking Radar H.P INTRODUCTION Basic operating principle Tracking radars Techniques of target detection Examples of monopulse radar systems 2 RADAR FUNCTIONS NORMAL RADAR FUNCTIONS 1. Range (from pulse
More informationSpace Frequency Coordination Group
Space Frequency Coordination Group Report SFCG 38-1 POTENTIAL RFI TO EESS (ACTIVE) CLOUD PROFILE RADARS IN 94.0-94.1 GHZ FREQUENCY BAND FROM OTHER SERVICES Abstract This new SFCG report analyzes potential
More informationScalable Front-End Digital Signal Processing for a Phased Array Radar Demonstrator. International Radar Symposium 2012 Warsaw, 24 May 2012
Scalable Front-End Digital Signal Processing for a Phased Array Radar Demonstrator F. Winterstein, G. Sessler, M. Montagna, M. Mendijur, G. Dauron, PM. Besso International Radar Symposium 2012 Warsaw,
More informationRLSTAP Algorithm Development Tool for Analysis of Advanced Signal Processing Techniques
RLSTAP Algorithm Development Tool for Analysis of Advanced Signal Processing Techniques Mark L. Pugh and Peter A. Zulch USAF Rome Laboratory/OCSA 26 Electronic Parkway Rome, NY 13441-4515 Abstract Space
More informationIncoherent Scatter Experiment Parameters
Incoherent Scatter Experiment Parameters At a fundamental level, we must select Waveform type Inter-pulse period (IPP) or pulse repetition frequency (PRF) Our choices will be dictated by the desired measurement
More informationThe Beacon Locator Project
The Beacon Locator Project A Passive Direction Finding System for Locating Pulsed Emitter Signals Presented By: WPI Advisors: -Ted Clancy -Germano Iannacchione Christopher Massa Erik Silva Samantha O Connor
More informationFORMATION FLYING PICOSAT SWARMS FOR FORMING EXTREMELY LARGE APERTURES
FORMATION FLYING PICOSAT SWARMS FOR FORMING EXTREMELY LARGE APERTURES Presented at the ESA/ESTEC Workshop on Innovative System Concepts February 21, 2006 Ivan Bekey President, Bekey Designs, Inc. 4624
More informationAN OPTIMAL ANTENNA PATTERN SYNTHESIS FOR ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY SAR BASED ON PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION AND ADAPTIVE WEIGHT- ING FACTOR
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 10, 129 142, 2009 AN OPTIMAL ANTENNA PATTERN SYNTHESIS FOR ACTIVE PHASED ARRAY SAR BASED ON PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION AND ADAPTIVE WEIGHT- ING FACTOR S.
More informationECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading
ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2003 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily
More informationRadar-Verfahren und -Signalverarbeitung
Radar-Verfahren und -Signalverarbeitung - Lesson 2: RADAR FUNDAMENTALS I Hon.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joachim Ender Head of Fraunhoferinstitut für Hochfrequenzphysik and Radartechnik FHR Neuenahrer Str. 20, 53343
More informationDesign of an Airborne SLAR Antenna at X-Band
Design of an Airborne SLAR Antenna at X-Band Markus Limbach German Aerospace Center (DLR) Microwaves and Radar Institute Oberpfaffenhofen WFMN 2007, Markus Limbach, Folie 1 Overview Applications of SLAR
More informationECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading
ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2004 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily
More informationECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading
ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2005 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily
More information2. BISTATIC ORBITAL CONFIGURATIONS...
A Study for a Space-Based Passive Multi-Channel SAR Matteo Sedehi, Diego Cristallini, Fabiola Colone, Marta Bucciarelli, Pierfrancesco Lombardo Dept. INFOCOM- University of Rome La Sapienza, Via Eudossiana
More informationLecture Topics. Doppler CW Radar System, FM-CW Radar System, Moving Target Indication Radar System, and Pulsed Doppler Radar System
Lecture Topics Doppler CW Radar System, FM-CW Radar System, Moving Target Indication Radar System, and Pulsed Doppler Radar System 1 Remember that: An EM wave is a function of both space and time e.g.
More informationAN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF ARRAY WEIGHTING FUNCTION ON RADAR TARGET DETECTABILITY
AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF ARRAY WEIGHTING FUNCTION ON RADAR TARGET DETECTABILITY C.M. Alabaster*, E.J. Hughes* *Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK. Email c.m.alabaster@cranfield.ac.uk Keywords:
More informationLarge, Deployable S-Band Antenna for a 6U Cubesat
Physical Sciences Inc. VG15-073 Large, Deployable S-Band Antenna for a 6U Cubesat Peter A. Warren, John W. Steinbeck, Robert J. Minelli Physical Sciences, Inc. Carl Mueller Vencore, Inc. 20 New England
More informationIndoor Positioning with UWB Beamforming
Indoor Positioning with UWB Beamforming Christiane Senger a, Thomas Kaiser b a University Duisburg-Essen, Germany, e-mail: c.senger@uni-duisburg.de b University Duisburg-Essen, Germany, e-mail: thomas.kaiser@uni-duisburg.de
More informationAn Accurate phase calibration Technique for digital beamforming in the multi-transceiver TIGER-3 HF radar system
An Accurate phase calibration Technique for digital beamforming in the multi-transceiver TIGER-3 HF radar system H. Nguyen, J. Whittington, J. C Devlin, V. Vu and, E. Custovic. Department of Electronic
More informationTHE DIGITAL IFM RECEIVER REVISITED THE DIGITAL IFM RECEIVER REVISITED. by S. V. Potter
THE DIGITAL IFM RECEIVER REVISITED by S. V. Potter 1 Introduction s Since the outbreak of world War 2 two varieties of radar ESM have developed, namely, elint, wich is concerned with gathering particulars
More informationOcean SAR altimetry. from SIRAL2 on CryoSat2 to Poseidon-4 on Jason-CS
Ocean SAR altimetry from SIRAL2 on CryoSat2 to Poseidon-4 on Jason-CS Template reference : 100181670S-EN L. Phalippou, F. Demeestere SAR Altimetry EGM NOC, Southampton, 26 June 2013 History of SAR altimetry
More informationAIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Adaptive Illumination Patterns for Radar Applications DISSERTATION Phillip M. Corbell, Captain, USAF AFIT/DS/ENG/06-02 DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE AIR UNIVERSITY AIR FORCE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Wright-Patterson
More informationStaggered PRI and Random Frequency Radar Waveform
Tel Aviv University Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Staggered PRI and Random Frequency Radar Waveform Submitted as part of the requirements towards an M.Sc. degree in Physics School
More informationUAVSAR in Africa. Quality Assurance and Preliminary Results. Brian Hawkins, UAVSAR Team
Photo by Sassan Saatchi UAVSAR in Africa Quality Assurance and Preliminary Results Brian Hawkins, UAVSAR Team CEOS SAR Cal/Val Workshop 2016 Copyright 2016 California Institute of Technology. Government
More informationBoost Your Skills with On-Site Courses Tailored to Your Needs
Boost Your Skills with On-Site Courses Tailored to Your Needs www.aticourses.com The Applied Technology Institute specializes in training programs for technical professionals. Our courses keep you current
More informationPotential interference from spaceborne active sensors into radionavigation-satellite service receivers in the MHz band
Rec. ITU-R RS.1347 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R RS.1347* Rec. ITU-R RS.1347 FEASIBILITY OF SHARING BETWEEN RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE SERVICE RECEIVERS AND THE EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (ACTIVE) AND SPACE RESEARCH
More informationAntenna Design and Site Planning Considerations for MIMO
Antenna Design and Site Planning Considerations for MIMO Steve Ellingson Mobile & Portable Radio Research Group (MPRG) Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State
More informationPassive Beamforming with Coprime Arrays
This paper is a postprint of a paper submitted to and accepted for publication in IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. The copy of record
More informationMIMO Radar Diversity Means Superiority
MIMO Radar Diversity Means Superiority Jian Li and Petre Stoica Abstract A MIMO (multi-input multi-output) radar system, unlike a standard phased-array radar, can transmit via its antennas multiple probing
More informationMIMO Radar and Communication Spectrum Sharing with Clutter Mitigation
MIMO Radar and Communication Spectrum Sharing with Clutter Mitigation Bo Li and Athina Petropulu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Work supported
More informationStudy on Imaging Algorithm for Stepped-frequency Chirp Train waveform Wang Liang, Shang Chaoxuan, He Qiang, Han Zhuangzhi, Ren Hongwei
Applied Mechanics and Materials Online: 3-8-8 ISSN: 66-748, Vols. 347-35, pp -5 doi:.48/www.scientific.net/amm.347-35. 3 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland Study on Imaging Algorithm for Stepped-frequency
More informationNaval Surveillance Multi-beam Active Phased Array Radar (MAARS)
Naval Surveillance Multi-beam Active Phased Array Radar (MAARS) MAARS MAARS purpose: MAARS is multimode C-band acquisition radar for surveillance and weapon assignment. It perform automatic detection,
More informationMultifunction Phased Array Radar Advanced Technology Demonstrator
Multifunction Phased Array Radar Advanced Technology Demonstrator David Conway Sponsors: Mike Emanuel, FAA ANG-C63 Kurt Hondl, NSSL Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR) for Aircraft and Weather Surveillance
More informationAntenna Engineering Lecture 3: Basic Antenna Parameters
Antenna Engineering Lecture 3: Basic Antenna Parameters ELC 405a Fall 2011 Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Faculty of Engineering Cairo University 2 Outline 1 Radiation Pattern
More informationAN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR DIFFERENCE PATTERN FORMATION IN MONOPULSE ANTENNA
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 42, 45 54, 213 AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR DIFFERENCE PATTERN FORMATION IN MONOPULSE ANTENNA Jafar R. Mohammed * Communication Engineering Department,
More informationThu Truong, Michael Jones, George Bekken EE494: Senior Design Projects Dr. Corsetti. SAR Senior Project 1
Thu Truong, Michael Jones, George Bekken EE494: Senior Design Projects Dr. Corsetti SAR Senior Project 1 Outline Team Senior Design Goal UWB and SAR Design Specifications Design Constraints Technical Approach
More informationBoost Your Skills with On-Site Courses Tailored to Your Needs
Boost Your Skills with On-Site Courses Tailored to Your Needs www.aticourses.com The Applied Technology Institute specializes in training programs for technical professionals. Our courses keep you current
More information200-GHz 8-µs LFM Optical Waveform Generation for High- Resolution Coherent Imaging
Th7 Holman, K.W. 200-GHz 8-µs LFM Optical Waveform Generation for High- Resolution Coherent Imaging Kevin W. Holman MIT Lincoln Laboratory 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420 USA kholman@ll.mit.edu Abstract:
More informationSoftware Defined Radar
Software Defined Radar Group 33 Ranges and Test Beds MQP Final Presentation Shahil Kantesaria Nathan Olivarez 13 October 2011 This work is sponsored by the Department of the Air Force under Air Force Contract
More informationSensor Signal Processing for Defence Conference. RCPE _ WiFi, password chiron1681
Sensor Signal Processing for Defence Conference RCPE _ WiFi, password chiron1681 Micaela Contu, Marta Bucciarelli, Pierfrancesco Lombardo, Francesco Madia, Rossella Stallone, Marco Massardo DIRECTION OF
More informationNarrow- and wideband channels
RADIO SYSTEMS ETIN15 Lecture no: 3 Narrow- and wideband channels Ove Edfors, Department of Electrical and Information technology Ove.Edfors@eit.lth.se 2012-03-19 Ove Edfors - ETIN15 1 Contents Short review
More informationUltrasound Bioinstrumentation. Topic 2 (lecture 3) Beamforming
Ultrasound Bioinstrumentation Topic 2 (lecture 3) Beamforming Angular Spectrum 2D Fourier transform of aperture Angular spectrum Propagation of Angular Spectrum Propagation as a Linear Spatial Filter Free
More informationUltrasound Beamforming and Image Formation. Jeremy J. Dahl
Ultrasound Beamforming and Image Formation Jeremy J. Dahl Overview Ultrasound Concepts Beamforming Image Formation Absorption and TGC Advanced Beamforming Techniques Synthetic Receive Aperture Parallel
More informationNadir Margins in TerraSAR-X Timing Commanding
CEOS SAR Calibration and Validation Workshop 2008 1 Nadir Margins in TerraSAR-X Timing Commanding S. Wollstadt and J. Mittermayer, Member, IEEE Abstract This paper presents an analysis and discussion of
More informationBasic Radar Definitions Introduction p. 1 Basic relations p. 1 The radar equation p. 4 Transmitter power p. 9 Other forms of radar equation p.
Basic Radar Definitions Basic relations p. 1 The radar equation p. 4 Transmitter power p. 9 Other forms of radar equation p. 11 Decibel representation of the radar equation p. 13 Radar frequencies p. 15
More informationEstimating RFI Levels Due to Air Surveillance Radar
Estimating RFI Levels Due to Air Surveillance Radar Steven W. Ellingson February 14, 2002 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 INR Considerations 2 3 Power/Linearity Considerations 5 4 Summary/Recommendations 5
More information