AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

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1 xx ZZZ AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document *P *

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3 ZZZ AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

4 Copyright Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved. TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. Microsoft, Windows, Windows XP Professional, Windows 7 are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. MATLAB is a registered trademark of The Mathworks, Inc. Supports Product Software Version 5.3 and above. Help part number: PDF of Help system part number: Contacting Tektronix Tektronix, Inc SW Karl Braun Drive P.O. Box 500 Beaverton, OR USA For product information, sales, service, and technical support: In North America, call Worldwide, visit to find contacts in your area.

5 Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction Introduction... 1 Product software... 2 Documentation... 2 Support information... 3 Analysis and connectivity support... 4 WorkingwiththeAWG AWG mode window AWG mode general overview... 5 AWG workspace tabs... 6 Run state control Screen interface features via touchscreen and mouse Toolbar Waveform list Working with the waveform list Adding a waveform Saving a waveform Apply corrections Assign a waveform to a channel Modify waveform Modify markers Waveform properties Applying waveform corrections Applying Sin(x)/x correction Applying correction file Apply S-Parameters Apply S-Parameters S-Parameter file descriptions Aggressor signals Sequence list (Option 03) Sequence list (Option 03) Adding a sequence Saving a sequence Assigning tracks to a channel Edit a sequence Sequence properties General setup AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document i

6 Table of Contents General setup overview Enable all channels on play Apply recommended settings on assignment Channel setup Channel setup introduction Enable outputs / relay state Channel output path Direct AC DC Amplified Amplitude Markers Resolution (bits) Couple channel settings (AWG70002) Channel color Filter and Range (Option AC only) Output options Output options Option AC Advanced settings AC Advanced amplitude adjustment (Option AC) Clock setup Clock introduction Sample Rate Clock and Reference Sources Clock and sync clock outputs Trigger setup Trigger control Trigger input settings Trigger timing Skew setup Adjust skew Sync (Synchronization hub) Using synchronization Sync hub connections Enable and configure synchronization Deskew calibration Deskew calibration Calibration messages Calibration recommended messages Sequence Editor Sequence tab overview Sequences - creating and editing ii AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

7 Table of Contents Editing tools Sequence create and edit toolbar Copy and paste guidelines Sequence settings Sequence settings Forcing jumps Forcing jumps introduction Force Jump To... button Force jump here Forcing a jump (with Synchronization Hub) Jump timing Jump timing Pattern jump Creating a Pattern jump Jump priority Jump execution order Flags Sequence flags Subsequence editing Subsequence editing Sequencer batch compiler Sequencer batch compiler Capture and Playback Capture/Playback introduction Captured Signal List Adding (importing) I/Q data files Removing Signals Editing signals Adding signals from files Adding signals from files Capturing signals from instruments Capturing signals from instruments Connecting to an oscilloscope Connecting to a spectrum analyzer Compiling I/Q signals Compiling I/Q signals Waveform plug-ins Waveform plug-ins introduction Basic waveform Basic waveform Equation editor Equation editor overview AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document iii

8 Table of Contents Limitations Tips on using the equation editor Basic keywords Basic keywords Waveform functions Waveform functions Correlation Code conversion Differentiation Integration Convolution Math functions Math functions Math operators Math operators Equation examples Equation examples Table editor Table editor Precompensation plug-in Precompensation plug-in Waveform requirements Waveform specifications and notes File formats (creating) File formats (creating) Sequence file format Sequence file format (.seq) Waveform file format Waveform file format (.wfmx) Matlab waveform file format MATLAB waveform file format MATLAB waveform file example MATLAB IQ file example Controls and connectors Front-panel controls and connectors Front-panel controls Front-panel connectors Rear panel connectors Rear-panel connectors iv AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

9 Table of Contents Working with Functions Functions home window overview Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics with synchronization Calibration Calibration Options and plug-ins Options and plug-ins Installanoptionkey How to install an option key Licensing Licensing overview How to purchase a license How to install a license How to return a license Index AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document v

10 Table of Contents vi AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

11 Introduction Introduction Introduction Your Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) combines world-class signal fidelity with ultra high-speed mixed signal simulation and a graphical user interface. The easy-to-use interface is built on the Microsoft Windows platform and is fully compatible with a wide range of PC hardware and software accessories, such as networked instruments. AWG and Functions mode selection The generator has two modes of operation, the Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG) mode and the Functions mode. Access to either mode of operation is from the Home tabs of your instrument by selecting either the AWG or Functions button. AWG displays the arbitrary waveform generator Home screen with access to all AWG controls, playing any waveshape from a file. Functions displays the Home screen with controls to generate basic waveshapes, such as sine waves, square waves, and triangle waves. The AWG and Functions modes work independently from each other, but they both use the Analog Output connectors to play out their waveforms. Controls Several methods of controlling the instrument are provided. Capacitive touchscreen interface. Use the touchscreen to control all operations of the instrument. Or use in conjunction with a mouse, keyboard, and front-panel controls. The front-panel Touchscreen button enables or disables the touchscreen. The capacitive touchscreen is designed to operate with direct skin contact or use of a capacitive type stylus. Keyboard and mouse Front-panel controls Remote control via the programmable interface AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 1

12 Introduction Product software External display Enhanced viewing of the AWG display is easily accomplished by attaching an external monitor to the VGA connector provided on the rear of the instrument. By default, the VGA output is set to duplicate the AWG s display, but you can use the Windows display controls to change how the instrument uses an external display. Product software The instrument includes the following software and related documents: System software The system software is a specially configured version of Microsoft Windows, which is preinstalled and enables you to install other compatible applications. For instructions on how to restore Microsoft Windows, refer to the Installation and Safety manual that is shipped with your instrument. Do not attempt to substitute any version of Windows that is not specifically provided by Tektronix for use with your instrument. Product software The product software is the instrument application and runs on Microsoft Windows. It provides the user interface (UI) and all other instrument control functions. Release notes The release notes contain information on updates and known issues that are not included in other product documentation. Documentation The following table lists the primary documentation available for this product. All listed documents are available on the Tektronix Web site ( ). To read about Installation and Safety Operation and user interface help Use these documents Read the Installation and Safety manual for general information about how to prepare your instrument for use and basic operating instructions. This manual is provided with the instrument. Tektronix part number xx. Access the application help from the Help menu for information on all controls and on-screen elements. The application help is part of the product software. A PDF of the help system is available, Tektronix part number xx. 2 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

13 xxx Introduction Support information To read about Programming commands Specifications and performance verification procedures Use these documents Access the programmer manual for the syntax of remote control commands. Tektronix part number xx. This technical reference document provides the complete instrument specifications. Procedures are provided to verify the instrument is operating to the warranted specifications. Tektronix part number xx. Support information Tektronix offers the following services in support of their products: Technical Support. For application-related questions about a Tektronix product, see Contacting Tektronix. Service Support. For service-related questions about a Tektronix product, see Contacting Tektronix. Tektronix also offers extended warranty and calibration programs as options on many products. Contact your local Tektronix distributor or sales office. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 3

14 Introduction Analysis and connectivity support Analysis and connectivity support Tektronix Windows-based arbitrary waveform generators support industry-standard software tools, applications and protocols. The integrated Windows desktop of these models enables popular commercial programs or custom-written applications to run on the instrument. The instrument includes tools that you can install to support data import or export for use with data-analysis tools. The following tools are supported: TekVISA TekVISA is a library of industry-standard compliant software components, organized according to the standard VISA model established by the VXIplug&play Systems Alliance. Use TekVISA in software to write interoperable instrument drivers to handle communicating between software applications and your instrument. TekVISA must be the only VISA type software installed. If other VISA software is installed, connectivity will be impaired or disabled. VXI-11.2 LAN Server The VXI 11.2 LAN Server provides software connectivity between your instrument and remote PCs over an Ethernet LAN. This tool is a client-side component built-in with TekVISA on each remote PC; you must install another copy of TekVISA to make use of its client-side component. IVI Drivers IVI drivers conform to specifications produced by the IVI Foundation. IVI drivers provide a standard interface to different classes of instruments, including oscilloscopes and spectrum analyzers. Tektronix IVI-COM driver supports easy waveform transfer from third party software, such as MATLAB. 4 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

15 AWG mode general overview AWG mode general overview Selecting the AWG mode button displays the controls for operating the arbitrary waveform generator. Toolbar (see page 18): contains tools to access help, restore the interface layout, and work with setups, open and save files. Workspace tabs (see page 6): contain tabs to change the workspace view (which includes the graphical waveform display area). Home tab contains the waveform plot area and various controls for quick access. Setup tab contains the settings to control the channel outputs, clocks, and triggers. Waveform Plug-ins tab contains the selections for optional waveform creation applications. Abasicwaveform creation application is included as a standard plug-in. Sequence tab contains the sequence editor to create and edit sequences. (Option 03 (Sequencing) is required to display this tab.) Capture/Playback tab contains the controls to import baseband I/Q data files (captured from an instrument such as a spectrum analyzer or oscilloscope) and compile them into a waveform for playout. You can also import files created with other tools such as MATLAB. Utilities tab contains system, preferences settings, and instrument information. Precompensation tab contains the settings to create correction files to be used with a waveform file. The Precompensation plug-in must be installed to display this tab. To use the plug-in, it must be licensed. Play/Stop button (icon) (see page 14): starts and stops the playout of a waveform. This function is the same as the front-panel Play/Stop button. AWG/Functions buttons: switches the instrument between the arbitrary waveform generator (AWG) modeand the basic waveshape generator (Functions) mode. The workspace tabs change in conjunction with the selected instrument modes. Waveform List (see page 20) and Sequence List (see page 45): contains the waveforms and sequences available for use. Status area: displays user messages to indicate possible problems or status. All outputs off button: provides you with an easy way to quickly disconnect all analog, marker, and flag outputs. (The output connectors are electrically floating.) AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 5

16 AWG workspace tabs AWG workspace tabs The AWG workspace panel is the main working area for setting up and controlling waveform playout. Tabs at the top of the screen display different views and settings. Home tab (with waveforms) (see page 7) Displays waveform, cursors, markers Provides buttons for waveform output control Provides quick access to triggering 6 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

17 AWG workspace tabs Home tab with waveforms Home tab (with sequence) (see page 8) Displays the sequence track assigned to the channel Provides buttons for waveform output control Provides quick access to force a jump to another location in the sequence AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 7

18 AWG workspace tabs Home tab with sequence 8 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

19 AWG workspace tabs Setup tab (see page 9) Adjust Channel settings Adjust Clock settings Adjust Trigger settings Setup tab Waveform plug-ins tab (see page 10) Standard waveform plug-in applications are located here, which includes: Basic Waveform editor Equation Editor Table Editor NOTE. The standard waveform plug-ins are documented in this help system. Optional waveform plug-ins have their own unique help systems. Optional waveform plug-in applications are added here NOTE. Optional waveform plug-ins have their own unique help systems are not documented in this help system. Use the help button within the Waveform Plugi-ins tab to access the Optional waveform plug-in s help system. Create different types of waveforms based on selected waveform plug-in AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 9

20 AWG workspace tabs Waveform Plug-ins tab Sequence Editor tab (Option 03) (see page 11) Create sequences Edit existing sequences Enable Pattern Jump and specify the pattern jump table 10 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

21 AWG workspace tabs Sequence editor tab Capture/Playback tab (see page 11) Import baseband IQ waveforms and up-convert imported waveforms to RF waveforms. Acquire live baseband IQ waveforms from an oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer and up-convert the acquired waveforms to RF waveforms. Capture/Playback AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 11

22 AWG workspace tabs Utilities tab (see page 12) Utilities Diag & Cal button: Displays the dialog screen to show the current state of the diagnostics and calibration. The instrument incorporates a temperature sensor that continuously monitors the instrument s internal temperature. If the internal temperature changes more than 5 C from its previous calibration temperature, a status message appears requesting that you to perform a self-calibration. You can run the calibration routine at any time if your application requires optimum performance. See Calibration (see page 203) for more information about self-calibration. See Diagnostics (see page 199) for more information about performing diagnostic routines. NOTE. Diagnostics & Calibration is disabled when Synchronization is Enabled and the instrument is a slave (not the master) in the synchronized system. System button: System provides information about the instrument s GPIB address and Security controls. The GPIB Address setting lets you set the instrument s identity when using a GPIB converter for the programmable interface. Refer to the AWG70000A Series Programmers manual for complete details about the programmable interface. 12 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

23 AWG workspace tabs Security controls allow you to lock the instrument s display screen. When locked, all front-panel controls are disabled except for the power button. You can also disable the USB host ports located on the front- and rear-panels. Preferences button: Preferences provides access to (brightness controls, error message controls, and text size). Brightness Controls lets you adjust the intensity levels of the display screen and the front-panel LEDs. (The status LEDs for Marker are not adjustable.) You can choose to hide the pop-up error messages, forcing the errors to only show in the Status bar at the bottom of the screen. You can choose to reduce the size the text of the user interface. Help & Support button: Help & Support provides links where you can obtain additional product help and documentation. About my AWG button: About my AWG provides you with detailed information about your instrument, such as installed options, licenses, and the product s software version. This information is helpful when contacting Tektronix about your instrument. Use the Copy Instrument Info button to copy and paste the instrument information into another application such as an program. The Install Options button is used to install a product upgrade after your initial purchase. See Options and plug-ins (see page 205). The Install License and Return License buttons are used to manage optional plug-in application licensing. See Options and plug-ins (see page 205). Precompensation tab (see page 13) Precompensation AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 13

24 xxx Run state control The Precompensation tab allows you to create correction files to be used with a waveform file. NOTE. The Precompensation tab only appears if the Precompensation plug-in is installed. To use the plug-in, it must be licensed. Refer to Licensing (see page 209). The Precompensation tab has its own user help (and is not described here). Press the help button on the Precompensation tab to access its user manual. Run state control You start and stop the waveform playout using the Play button. For a waveform to be output through the Analog Output connector, the Channel output must be enabled. The condition of the outputs (output level or disconnected) when waveform playout has been stopped or is waiting for a trigger event, is defined in the Output Options (see page 66) dialog box. Run state status indicators The play button in the graphical interface changes appearance to indicate the waveform playout status. Below are the various indicators. Table 1: Not lighted stopped (or idle) with no waveforms being played. Green with sinewave currently playing a waveform. Green with T symbol waiting for a trigger event to begin waveform playout. Yellow with clock symbol the instrument is busy and playout is temporarily inhibited. Red An error is preventing the waveform playout. The front-panel Play button also indicates the playout status with various colors. See Front-panel controls (see page 191) for a description of its status indicators. 14 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

25 Screen interface features via touchscreen and mouse Screen interface features via touchscreen and mouse The graphical user interface (GUI) is designed with some features that are only accessible via the touchscreen or right and left mouse clicks. Left mouse click on settings Pull down lists Touch (or left mouse click) on any control or setting selects or activates that control. Selections with a triangle incorporate a pull-down list. Touch (or left mouse click) on the triangle to display the list. Numerical control settings A setting that requires a numerical value has an additional menu accessed by touching and holding (or right mouse click) the setting. The settings menu allows you to quickly set the value to its default, minimum, or maximum values. Cutting, copying, and pasting values is allowed. Pasting an invalid value results with the instrument setting the value to the nearest valid value. Some settings allow you to change the units used for the setting. For instance, output amplitude canbeset in volts or db. Phase adjustments can be set in degrees or time. Drag and drop Use the touchscreen (or left mouse) to drag a waveform or a sequence (from the waveform list or sequence list) onto the waveform display area. Existing waveforms or sequences are replaced. If the previous waveform or sequence was currently playing, the new waveform or sequence starts playing immediately. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 15

26 Screen interface features via touchscreen and mouse Zooming Use the touchscreen (or left mouse click) to drag a zooming box over the portion of a waveform you want to expand. Zoom In: Drag the zoom box from left to right to zoom in on that section of the waveform. The boxed portion is centered in the graph. Zoom Out: Drag the zoom box from right to left zoom out. The boxed portion is centered in the graph. You can also use the icon to quickly return the waveform to its full display. When zoomed in, you can pan through the waveform using the scroll bar below the waveform. 16 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

27 Screen interface features via touchscreen and mouse Waveform menu The waveform graphical area contains a menu for various actions. Touch and hold the touchscreen (or right mouse click) anywhere in the waveform area to display the waveform menu. Show cursors toggles the measurement cursor display on or off (default is off). You can drag the cursors into position or enter their position directly in the waveform display area. The cursor display control affects all channels. Show Analog toggles the waveform display on or off (there is no default setting). If the waveform display is off, it remains off until it is turned back on. The analog waveform display control is independent for each channel. Show Markers lets you select which markers you want to display or hide. Markers are off by default. See the Resolution (bits) (see page 63) setting to enable markers. The markers display control is independent for each channel. Y Axis toggles the vertical graph axis between Volts and Normalized (default is Volts). The Y Axis control affects all channels. X Axis toggles the horizontal axis between Seconds and Samples (default is Samples). The X Axis control affects all channels. Grid display (default is off). The grid display control affects all channels. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 17

28 xxx Toolbar Window panel resizing The various window panels can be adjusted in size where-ever two panels are divided. Touch and hold the touchscreen (or right mouse click) to grab the 3 dot indicator and slide to increase or decrease the panel size. Undocking and docking tabs Any tab can be undocked from the GUI. This allows you to reposition a tab to a new location or completely separate it from the main GUI. Touch and hold the touchscreen (or left mouse click) to grab a tab and slide it to a new area. The docking icon displays that you can use to choose how you want to dock (reposition) the tab. Use the Reset Window Layout button settings. (in the Toolbar) to return the display to the factory Toolbar The toolbar (see page 20) provides access to various setup actions. NOTE. The AWG mode and Functions mode utilize the same Toolbar. Any action taken by the tools buttons affects both modes. For example, restoring the default setup affects both the Functions mode and AWG mode. 18 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

29 Toolbar Table 2: Open File allows you to open any of the supported file types. The action taken depends on the file type opened. Setup files: Opening a saved setup file returns the instrument to the settings saved with the setup file. Waveforms and/or sequences saved with the setup file are also restored, removing all existing waveforms and sequences. Waveform files: Opening a waveform file from the toolbar allows you to select one waveform file at a time to load into the Waveform List. (Matlab files that contain more than one waveform will have all waveforms loaded into the Waveform List. See Adding a waveform (see page 22) for more information. Sequence files: Opening a sequence file from the toolbar allows you to select one sequence file at a time to load into the Sequence List. If the sequence file contains subsequences, these are also placed in the Sequence List. All waveforms used in the sequence are loaded into the Waveform list. See Adding a sequence (see page 46) for more information. A windows Open dialog box opens to most recent location accessed. Use this window to navigate to your files. The factory location is C:\Program Files\Tektronix\AWG70000\Samples. For more advanced options to add waveforms or sequences, use the Open icons located within the Waveform List and Sequence List panels. Save Setup saves the current settings as a setup file, allowing you to easily return the instrument to a known setup. A windows Save As dialog box opens to the most recent location accessed. Use this window to navigate to where you want to save the setup. In the Save As window, you can choose to save the setup file (which includes all waveforms and sequences) or save the setup file without the assets (which excludes all waveforms and sequences). The factory location is C:\Program Files\Tektronix\AWG70000\Samples. NOTE. Signals listed in the Capture/Playback tab are not saved as part of the setup file. The Play/Stop button starts and stops the playout of a waveform in both the AWG mode and the Functions mode. This operates the same as the front-panel Play/Stop button. The button changes appearance to indicate the current playout status. Refer to Run state control (see page 14). Reset to Default Setup returns all instrument settings to their factory settings. NOTE. The contents of the Waveform List, Sequence List, and Captured Signal List are removed. Restoring the default setup does not re-enable the graphical waveform display if Show Analog (see page 15) is toggled off. This control does not reset any installed Waveform Plug-in applications or the Precompensation application (if installed). Restore Last Setup returns the instrument to the most recent setup that was accessed. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 19

30 xxx Working with the waveform list Table 2: (cont.) Reset Window Layout returns all window panels (moved or undocked) to their original locations. Toggle the font size (large or small) used in the user interface. The User Manual button displays the instrument help system. NOTE. Plug-in applications have their own help system and display an additional help button to display their User Manual. Toolbar Working with the waveform list The Waveform List contains the waveforms available for playout. You can drag and drop a waveform from the Waveform list onto the channel s graph area, assigning that waveform to play on the channel. See below when working with IQ waveforms. Touch and hold or right-mouse click on a waveform to display a pop-up menu of tools to modify waveforms, assign a waveform to a channel, save, remove waveforms, and view a waveform s properties. IQ waveforms (display) IQ waveforms cannot directly be assigned to play on a channel, only the I or Q components can be played out. 20 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

31 Working with the waveform list When adding an IQ waveform to the Waveforms List, the I and Q components are separated and a sublist is created under the IQ waveform. Use the arrow next to the IQ waveform name to expand or collapse the sublist. Use the sublist to assign the I or Q components to a channel for playout. IQ waveform (create) If you have I and Q waveform files, you can use the Waveform list to combine them into an IQ waveform. From within the Waveform List, select both the I and Q waveforms. NOTE. The waveform selected first becomes the I waveform. The waveform selected second becomes the Q waveform. With the selections made, display the right-click menu and select Make IQ Waveform. The I and Q waveforms must be of equal length. A new IQ waveform is generated using the first selected waveform as the I component and the second selected waveform as the Q component. Hovering over the menu displays a tool tip showing which waveform is I and which waveform is Q. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 21

32 Adding a waveform The name of the IQ waveform generated uses the name of the I waveform (without suffix "_I"or"_Q") andisappendedwith"_iq". Adding a waveform To add a waveform to the Waveform List, select the Open Waveform button. This opens a Windows dialog box that allows you to navigate to a stored waveform, setup file, or sequence file. (You can load waveforms contained in Setup files and sequence files without loading the setup or sequence.) If the waveform is a valid waveform type, the waveform is added to the Waveform List. Once a waveform is in the Waveform List, it can be assigned to a channel for playout. Click here to see the list of valid waveform file types. Valid file types.awgx file format.wfmx file format.awg file format Description Setup file created by Tektronix AWG70000 Series instruments. Setup files can contain multiple waveforms and multiple sequences. NOTE. Opening a setup file from the Waveform List does not restore the instrument settings, only the waveforms contained in the setup file are restored. Created by Tektronix AWG70000 Series instruments. See Waveform file format (see page 179) for information about the format of this type of waveform file. Setup file created by Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments. NOTE. The Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments had predefined waveforms available for use. Saved setup files that used predefined waveforms did not save the actual waveform data with the setup, only the waveform name. Hence, importing setup files that used predefined waveforms will not import the waveforms. To import these types of waveforms, first copy and rename the predefined waveform, then save the setup file before importing to the AWG70000A Series instruments. 22 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

33 xxx Adding a waveform Valid file types.wfm file format.isf file format.pat file format.iqt file format.tiq file format.tfw file format.txt file format.rfd file format.sxd file format.mat file format.tmp file format.prm file format Description Created by Tektronix AWG5000/7000 Series instruments. Created by Tektronix AWG400/500/600/700 Series instruments. Created by Tektronix TDS/DPO/MSO/DSA Series instruments. Created by Tektronix TDS/DPO/MSO/DSA Series instruments. Created by Tektronix AWG400/500/600/700 Series instruments. Created by Tektronix RSA3000 Series instruments. IQ files created by Tektronix RSA6000/5000 Series, SPECMON Series,MDO4000 Series instruments or SignalVu-PC. IQ files are split into their I and Q components when added to the Waveform List. Created by Tektronix AFG3000 Series instruments. Created by Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments. Created by Tektronix RFX100 RFXpress Advanced RF/IF/IQ waveform software. Created by Tektronix SDX100 SerialXpress high-speed serial data signals software. Matlab file type (Level 5 or Level 7.3) for AWG70000 Series. Matlab file type for RSA6000/5000 Series and SPECMON Series. See Matlab waveform file creation (see page 184) for information on Matlab file requirements for the AWG. Midas BLUE file type. (Data Type 1000; Scalar and complex data; 8-,16-, 32-, 64-bit integer and 32- and 64-bit float data format type.) Midas BLUE file type. (Data Type 1000; Scalar and complex data; 8-,16-, 32-, 64-bit integer and 32- and 64-bit float data format type.) With the Sequencing option (Option 03), the following files types are also valid waveform sources..seqx file format.seq file format Sequence file created by Tektronix AWG70000 Series instruments. (Also can be a subsequence.) Sequence file created by Tektronix AWG400, AWG500, AWG600, or AWG700 Series instruments. (Also can be a subsequence.) See Sequence file format (see page 177) for information about the format of this type of sequence file. If selecting a file type containing multiple waveforms (.AWGX,.MAT,.AWG,.SEQX), you are presented with the Available Waveforms dialog box (see page 24) that lists all waveforms contained in the file. You can load all the waveforms or select a subset of the waveforms. NOTE. When opening a setup file (.AWGX) from the Waveform List, only the waveforms are extracted; instrument settings contained in the setup file are not restored. Use the Open File in the Toolbar (see page 18) to restore both the settings and waveforms from a.awgx setup file. If you want any of the waveforms (extracted from a setup file) to be available outside of the setup file, select and save each individual waveform. NOTE. If using the Channel workspace to load a waveform from a setup type file, you are only allowed to choose one waveform since the waveform is directly assigned to the channel. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 23

34 Adding a waveform Available waveforms Non-navtive analog files When adding analog waveform file types that are not native to the AWG, you are presented with the Importing waveform dialog screen (see page 24) to normalize (rescale) the waveform while adding to the waveform list. Import waveform 24 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

35 Adding a waveform Digital text waveform file When adding a digital text (.TXT) waveform file, the Import Digital Waveform Text File (see page 25) dialog box displays to specify the digital bit resolution of the file before the waveform is added to the waveform list. Choose from the following: 8 Bits (waveform + 2 markers): For 10 bit files that use 8 bits for data, and two bits for markers. 9 Bits (waveform + 1 marker): For 10 bit files that use 9 bits for data, and one bit for a marker. 10 bits: For 10 bit files without markers. It s important to know the details of your waveform before you import so you do not affect the integrity of the waveform. For instance, selecting 10 bits for a waveform that is intended to use 8 bits for data and two bits for markers will add the marker bits to the waveform data and markers will not be available. Import digital waveform text file NOTE. With the Sequence feature (Option 03), waveforms are also added to the waveform list when loading a sequence file or setup file that contains a sequence. IQ files When adding an IQ waveform file (.TIQ), the waveform is added to the Waveform list but with a sublist of its I and Q components. You cannot assign the IQ file directly a channel on the home screen, only the I or Q components can be assigned. NOTE. You can select to modify an IQ waveform. The modify dialog screen does support displaying an IQ waveform. See the section Modify waveform dialog screen (see page 30). AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 25

36 xxx Saving a waveform Multi-waveform select Through the Open Waveform menu in the Waveform List, you can select multiple waveform files to load into the waveform list at once. To select a contiguous block of files, click the first file in the block. Then hold down the Shift key as you click the last file in the block. This will select not only those two files, but everything in between. To select multiple files that are not a contiguous block, click one file. Then hold down the Ctrl key while you click each additional desired file. If your selection includes sequence files or setup files, all waveforms saved with those file types are loaded into the waveform list. CAUTION. Loading groups of waveforms will overwrite any existing waveform of the same name in the Waveform List without warning. NOTE. Multiple file selection is available via the Open Waveform menu. Loading waveforms from the Open File menu (in the tool bar) or from the pull-down list in the graphical waveform area does not support multiple file selection. Saving a waveform To save a waveform, touch and hold on a waveform (or right mouse click) and select Save or Save As. This opens a Windows dialog box that allows you to navigatetoalocationtosavethewaveform. Click here to see the list of valid waveform file types. Valid file types.wfmx file format.wfm file format.txt file format.tiq Description Native waveform file. Tektronix AWG400/500/600/700 series waveform file. Maximum waveform size is limited to <200 M. Waveform file. Valid for IQ waveforms. For Tektronix SignalVu-PC. 26 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

37 Apply corrections Apply corrections Right click on any waveform (or two waveforms for I/Q correction) and select the Apply Corrections menu. With the Apply Corrections dialog screen, you can choose to apply one of two types of correction: Sin(x)/x distortion correction Apply a correction file (coefficient file) For information about the two types of correction, refer to these sections: Apply Sin(x)/x correction (see page 38) Apply correction file (see page 38) Assign a waveform to a channel Toplayawaveform,youneedtoassignittoachannel.This is true even for a single channel instrument. There are several methods to assign a waveform to a channel. Drag a waveform from the Waveforms list onto a channel s plot area. Touch and hold (or right mouse click) on a waveform name in the Waveforms list and use the pop-up window to assign it to a channel. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 27

38 Assign a waveform to a channel If working with an IQ waveform, only the I or Q components can be assigned. IQ waveforms display the following menu for assigning the waveforms. Use the drop-down list in the channel s plot area toassignthechanneltoplayawaveform. Load a waveform from the Waveform list Browse for a waveform file. (Opens a Windows browser screen to navigate to saved files.) Opening a sequence file while browsing for a waveform opens a dialog box displaying the waveforms available in the sequence. Choose from previously loaded waveforms (maximum of two displayed) See the section Assigning tracks to a channel (see page 48) about assigning sequences. 28 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

39 Modify waveform Modify waveform You can select any waveform contained in the Waveform List to modify it or create a new waveform based on the existing waveform. But note the following conditions: Any waveform can be modified by selecting Modify Waveform > {Sample Rate/Length / Scale/Offset / Rotate/Shift / Invert/Reverse / Pattern}. Select one of these waveform modifiers displays the Modify Waveform (see page 30) dialog screen. If selecting a waveform that was created with a Waveform Plug-in, a menu choice is added to take you directly to the specific Waveform Plug-in editor screen. Refer to the section about Waveform Plug-ins (see page 135). With an S-Parameter license, you also have the option to apply S-Parameters to the waveform. Refer to the section about Applying S-Parameters (see page 40). Select a waveform in the Waveform List, touch and hold (or right mouse click) to display the waveform operations. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 29

40 Modify waveform Select one of the waveform modifiers to display the Modify waveform dialog screen (see page 30). Modify waveform dialog screen The Modify Waveform dialog screen provides you with the controls and settings to modify a waveform and save it as a new waveform or overwrite the original waveform. All operations that are available on the home screen waveform display (such as zooming, cursors, and menu operations) are also available in the waveform display. 30 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

41 Modify waveform If modifying an IQ waveform, the I and Q waveforms are displayed. The I waveform color uses the color assigned to the channel; the Q waveform is show in gray. Here are tips and notes about using the Modify Waveform feature: The waveform must be in the Waveform List. Only one modification is allowed at a time, requiring you to compile the new waveform for each modification. This avoids any uncertainty of modifications since some modifications can affect other characteristics. Some modifications may cause a reduction in fidelity to the new waveform. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 31

42 Modify waveform The waveform displayed in the dialog screen represents the waveform being modified. After compiling, the resulting waveform is displayed. New or modified waveforms are placed in the Waveform List, but are not automatically saved to the hard drive (or other location). They do become part of the setup file if the setup is saved. To make a modified waveform available for use in other setups, select the modified waveform and use Save or Save As to save the waveform. SampleRate/Lengthtab Resample, Multiply By Add or Subtract Samples Repeat Waveform Enter a value to Increases the number of samples of the waveform. You can also request a sample rate which will automatically enter the correct multiplication factor to obtain the requested sample rate. Adds or removes samples from the end of the waveform. Adding samples repeats the last sample of the waveform. You can also request a specific length (number of samples) which will automatically enter the number of samples to add or remove. Duplicates the waveform the defined number of times. You cannot enter a value less than one. You can also request a specific length (number of samples) which will automatically enter the duplication factor. Scale / Offset tab Scale Multiplier The Multiplier box allows define a multiplication factor to modify the output amplitude and offsets. Only the analog data is modified. Markers are not affected. Maximum The Maximum amplitude adjusts all values to obtain the full scale amplitude of the instrument. amplitude Select the Preserve offset setting If you wish to retain the existing offset value. Add Offset Adds normalized offset to the waveform s current DC offset. Scale is not adjustable when adding offset. Rotate / Shift tab Rotate waveform, wrap samples Shift waveform, repeat sample to fill Enter a value in degrees or number of samples to rotate the waveform horizontally. Rotating the waveform takes the end of the waveform (defined by the degrees or samples) and moves it to the front of the waveform. Enter a value in degrees or number of samples to shift (or move) the waveform horizontally. Shifting moves the waveform and repeats the first waveform sample value to fill in the waveform. 32 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

43 xxx Modify markers Rotate / Shift tab Apply Rotation/Shift To Rotation and Shift is available for the analog data and the markers. Invert/Reverse Invert Select which components of the waveform you wish to invert. Reverse Select which components of the waveform you wish to reverse. Range Select the range of samples you want to invert or reverse. All samples affects the entire analog and marker signals. Between Cursors All Samples All samples affects the entire analog and marker signals. Between Cursors You can define a particular segment of the waveform to invert or reverse. If cursors are not displayed, they are automatically enabled. Move the cursors to define the affected area. The waveform display has the same control functions as those for the waveform in the Home tab, such as zooming. Pattern tab See the Modify markers (see page 33) section on using the Pattern features. Modify markers You can select any waveform contained in the Waveform List to modify the waveform markers. Select a waveform, touch and hold (or right mouse click) to display the waveform operations. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 33

44 Modify markers Select Modify Markers to display the Pattern editor tab in the Modify Waveform dialog screen. The pattern editor allows you to modify the Analog waveform and/or the Markers. Once you ve defined your changes, you need to compile the new waveform. By default, a new waveform is created (based on the existing name) and is placed in the Waveform List. The controls are described below. Pattern Type. Three patterns are available: 34 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

45 Modify markers High: The sample points (all samples or between cursors) are set to their high values. Marker samples are set to 1. The analog waveform samples are set to the waveform maximum value. Low: The sample points (all samples or between cursors) are set to their low values. Marker samples are set to 0. The analog waveform samples are set to the waveform minimum value. Pulse: The sample points (all samples or between cursors) alternate between their high and low values for the defined number of samples. When choosing Pulse, additional settings are displayed: Start Level defines whether the cycle of pulses start from their high or low value. High Steps defines how many sample points are set to high. Low Steps defines how many sample points are set to low. The combined number of samples for the High and Low steps are limited to the number of samples available in the waveform The number of pulse cycles is calculated and displayed. The number of cycles based on the number of samples used for the high and low steps and if it s being applied to the entire waveform or between cursors. NOTE. An invalid pulse definition (such as 0 samples for the high or low steps) will not let the waveform compile. Apply Modifications To. The modifications canbeappliedtotheanalogwaveformandthemarkers.by default, only the markers are selected. Range. You can apply the pattern modifications to the entire waveform (All Samples) or between the cursors. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 35

46 Waveform properties If you select Between Cursors, position the two cursors on the displayed waveform in order to define where the pattern is applied. (If cursors are not displayed, they are automatically enabled. The waveform display has the same control functions as those for the waveform in the Home tab, such as zooming. Waveform properties You can select any waveform in the Waveform List to view its properties. Select a waveform, touch and hold (or right mouse click) to display the waveform operations. Select Properties to display the Waveform Properties dialog screen. 36 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

47 Waveform properties The Waveform Properties dialog screen provides many details about the waveform that are static (not able to modify), such as the name, length, and signal format. The Signal Format displays the type of waveform, which will show one of the following: Real: Waveform containing data other than I, Q, or IQ. I: Waveform contains I data. Q: Waveform contains Q data. IQ: Waveform contains IQ data. The items you are able to modify include: Recommended Sample Rate: Typically defined by the waveform when it was created, you can change the recommend sample rate as needed. Recommended Amplitude: Typically defined by the waveform when it was created, you can change the recommend amplitude as needed. Recommended Offset: Typically defined by the waveform when it was created, you can change the recommend offset as needed. Recommended Frequency: IQ waveforms only. Typically defined by the waveform when it was created, you can change the recommend frequency as needed. Recommended settings are used when the system is defined to use the sequence settings instead of the system settings during playout. Refer to General setup (see page 53) to enable use of the recommended settings. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 37

48 Applying Sin(x)/x correction Applying Sin(x)/x correction Select the Sin(x)/x distortion correction to apply to the waveform. The End Frequency of the Sin(x)/x distortion correction is initially set to ½ the recommended sample rate of the waveform. Distortion correction coefficients are defineduptotheendfrequency.firfilter is applied to the impulse response (smooth roll-off). Choose to either create a new waveform or overwrite the existing waveform and select Apply. Applying correction file Correction files for waveforms can contain two types of coefficients, RF coefficients or IQ coefficients. RF coefficients can be applied to Real, I, or Q files. Select a single waveform and apply the correction file. IQ coefficients must be applied to two waveforms, I and Q. Select the two waveforms (high lighting both at the same time) and apply the correction file. A window opens to allow you to navigate to the saved coefficient file (correction file). 38 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

49 Applying correction file Use the browse folder icon to navigate to a saved correction file. Choose to either create a new waveform or overwrite the existing waveform. Onceavalidfile path is entered, the Correction Settings icon display the Frequency Response screen. is enabled. Select the Setting icon to If applying an RF correction file, the Frequency Response screen shows plot information and provides Advanced options to apply a Gaussian filter or remove Sin(x)/x distortions. If applying an I/Q correction file (to a pair of I and Q waveforms), the Frequency Response screen shows plot information and provides Advanced options to apply a skew. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 39

50 Apply S-Parameters Apply S-Parameters S-Parameters (scattering parameters) can be applied to RF waveforms or IQ waveforms in the Waveform List. NOTE. The S-Parameter selection becomes available only if an S-Parameter license is currently installed. Selecting to apply S-Parameters displays the Apply S-Parameter dialog screen, allowing you to select the S-Parameter file and define its characteristics. Below is a sample S-Parameter dialog screen with the Number of Ports set to 4. If an IQ waveform is being modified, the S-Parameters dialog screen provides additional selections to apply the parameters to the I component, Q component, or both I and Q. The dialog screen changes to accommodate the Number of Ports selected. The information provided for S-Parameters applies to both the Non-Cascading and Cascading modes. 40 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

51 Apply S-Parameters AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 41

52 Apply S-Parameters Item Mode Description Select Non-Cascading or Cascading S-parameter mode. In the Non-Cascading mode, you apply S-parameter characteristics on the signal from only one S-parameter file. In the Cascading mode, you can cascade up to six S-parameter files in Stages and apply the characteristics on the signal. You can select the files to apply by turning on or turning off the corresponding Stages shown in the display. All the selected files should be of the same type. The settings depend on the selected type of file. De-embed (Non-Cascading mode) Cascading De-embed (Cascading mode) Bandwidth The files supported are s1p, s2p, s4p, s6p, s8p, and s12p. Check the box to invert the S-Parameters from the signal. This removes the effects of the component (for which the S-Parameters were created) from the signal path. Auto The bandwidth is defined at the point where the signal rolls off to -60 db. If this results in a bandwidth greater than the instrument supports, the bandwidth is set to ½ of the waveform s sample rate (i.e. Nyquist Frequency). Full Bandwidth The bandwidth is set to ½ of the waveform s sample rate (i.e. Nyquist Frequency). Manual The bandwidth can set by the user from 1 Hz to ½ of the maximum sample rate of the instrument. If the set Bandwidth is greater than the Nyquist (Sample rate of the waveform/2), then the software limits the bandwidth to ½ of the waveform s sample rate. A warning message is provided. 42 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

53 xxx Apply S-Parameters Item Description Number of Ports Choose the number of ports. The port matrixes supported are 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12. The number of ports selected determines: The type of S-Parameter file to apply The Signalling Scheme choice The port matrixes available S-Parameter File Signalling Scheme (Only for 4, 8, and 12 ports) Selection of the port (No port selection for 1 Port environments) Victim Aggressor and Both (Only for 8 and 12 ports) Port Selection Navigatetothe Touchstone file to apply to the signal. The type of Touchstone files that you are able to open is dependent on the number of ports selected. For instance, only.s4p files can be opened if the Number of Ports is set to 4. The files supported are s1p, s2p, s4p, s6p, s8p, and s12p. Signle-Ended: If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in the file to physical locations in your link. Differential: If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file. Use the diagrams to map the ports for the transmitter ports (Tx-Port) and the receiver ports (Rx-Port). When choosing the number of Ports, you are presented with an active diagram of the ports. The diagram presented reflects the Number of Ports selected and the Signalling Scheme (if appropriate for the ports selected). Victim: The default setting with no cross-talk effects. Aggressor: Select this to activate aggressor signal parameters, adding the effect of cross-talk. The Port Selection button is available only when in Cascading mode. Press the Port Selection button to display an active dialog screen to map the ports for the transmitter ports (Tx-Port) and the receiver ports (Rx-Port) for each stage. S-Parameter file descriptions 1-port Files with one port of data contain only one S-parameter file (s1p) so they do not require any further input. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 43

54 Apply S-Parameters 2-port Files with data for two ports contain four S-parameters as a 2x2 matrix. These are Touchstone 2-port files (s2p). A dialog box is created to define the 2-port mapping. 4-Port Files with data for four ports contain 16 S-parameters as a 4x4 matrix. These are Touchstone 4-port files (s4p). They may contain single-ended or differential data. A dialog box is created to define the 4-port mapping for either single-ended or differential data. If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in the file to physical locations in your link. You can select the port for both transmitter and receiver from the drop-down list. Each drop-down list has ports from 1 to 2. If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file. 6-port Files with data for six ports contain 36 S-parameters as a 6x6 matrix. These are Touchstone 6-port files (s6p). A dialog box is created to define the 6-port mapping. 8-Port Files with data for eight ports contain 64 S-parameters as an 8x8 matrix. These are Touchstone 8-port files (s8p). They may contain single-ended or differential data. A dialog box is created to define the 8-port mapping for either single-ended or differential data. If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in the file to physical locations in your link. You can select the port for both transmitter and receiver from the drop-down list. Each drop-down list has ports from 1 to 4. If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file. 12-Port Files with data for 12 ports contain 144 S-parameters as an 12x12 matrix. These are Touchstone 12-port files (s12p). They may contain single-ended or differential data. A dialog box is created to define the 12-port mapping for either single-ended or differential data. If the data is single-ended, you must map the port numbers as used in the file to physical locations in your link. You can select the port for both transmitter and receiver from the drop-down list. Each drop-down list has ports from 1 to 6. If the data is differential, you must select the data layout in the file. 44 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

55 xxx Sequence list (Option 03) Aggressor signals 8 and 12 port S-parameters allows you to activate aggressor signal parameters and to add the effect of cross-talk. 12 port S-parameters allows 2 Aggressor signal parameters. Aggressors can be added in either Non-Cascading Mode or Cascading Mode. The Aggressor signal parameters include: Item Signal Data Rate Aggressor Amplitude Crosstalk Type Description Choose the type of aggressor signal with the dropdown list: Clock:Indicates that the aggressor signal is a clock pattern. PBRS: Also choose the number of bits File: Indicates that the aggressor signal is another pattern file. Navigate to the Pattern file Same as victim: The signal flow of the aggressor is same as the victim. Specify the data rate (in bps) of the signal. This is not available when the Aggressor signal is set to be the same as the victim. Enter the signal amplitude. This is not available when the Aggressor signal is set to be the same as the victim. Choose the type of crosstalk of the aggressor signal. Near-End Crosstalk Far-End Crosstalk Both Sequence list (Option 03) The Sequence List contains the available sequences. To add a sequence to the list, see Adding a sequence (see page 46). To play a sequence track, it needs to be assigned to a channel. Refer to Assigning tracks to channels (see page 48). Touch and hold or right-mouse click on a sequence to display a pop-up menu of tools to modify, rename, save, copy, and remove sequences. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 45

56 xxx Adding a sequence Item Modify Sequence Make a Copy Save Save As... Rename Remove Remove All Properties Description Opens the Sequence tab and loads the selected sequence into the sequence editor. Refer to the section Sequence create and edit toolbar (see page 100). Creates a copy of the selected sequence and places the copy in the Sequence List. The copy is renamed by adding a numerical suffix to the end of the original name. Saves the sequence to the specified location. Opens a window to save the sequence with a new file name. This only changes the file name, it does not change the sequence name that appears in the Sequence List. Changes the sequence name currently displayed in the Sequence List. Use Save or Save As... to save the sequence with the new name. Use remove to remove the selected sequence(s). Remove All removes all sequences from the Sequence List. Displays information about the sequence. Refer to the section Sequence properties (see page 52). Adding a sequence To add a sequence to the Sequence List, select the Open Sequence button. This opens a Windows dialog boxthatallowsyoutonavigatetoasavedsequenceorsetupfile. If the sequence or setup file is a valid file type, the sequences are added to the Sequence List and waveforms (used in the sequence) are added to the Waveform List. Once a sequence is in the Sequence List, a sequence track can be assigned to a channel for playout. (See Assign a track to a channel.) (see page 48) Click here to see a list of valid sequence file types. 46 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

57 xxx Adding a sequence Valid sequence file types.seqx file format.awgx file format.awg file format Description Sequence file created by Tektronix AWG70000A Series instruments. Setup file created by Tektronix AWG70000A Series instruments. Setup files can contain multiple sequences and multiple waveforms. NOTE. Opening a setup file from the Sequence List does not restore the instrument settings, only the sequences contained in the setup file are restored along with any waveforms used in the sequences. Setup file created by Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments. NOTE. The Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments had predefined waveforms available for use. Saved setup files that used predefined waveforms did not save the actual waveform data with the setup, only the waveform name. Hence, importing setup files that used predefined waveforms will not import the waveforms. To import these types of waveforms, first copy and rename the predefined waveform, then save the setup file before importing..seq file format NOTE. The Tektronix AWG5000 or AWG7000 Series instruments supported subsequencing (using another sequence as a step in a sequence). Subsequences are imported as another sequence and added to the Sequences list. Sequence file created by Tektronix AWG400, AWG500, or AWG600 Series instruments. If selecting a setup type file containing multiple sequences, you are presented with the Available Sequences (see page 47) dialog box that lists all sequences contained in the setup file. You can load all sequences or select a subset of the sequences. Waveforms that are part of any sequence are added to the Waveform List. Available sequences AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 47

58 xxx Saving a sequence NOTE. When opening an AWG70000A Series setup file (.AWGX) from the Waveform or Sequence lists, only waveforms and sequences are extracted; instrument settings contained in the setup file are not restored. Use the Open File in the Toolbar (see page 18) to restore the settings, waveforms, and sequences from a.awgx setup file. If you want any of the waveforms or sequences (extracted from a setup file) to be available outside of the setup file, select and save each individual waveform. Multi-sequence select Through the Open Sequence menu in the Sequence List, you can select multiple sequence files to load into the sequence list at once. To select a contiguous block of files, click the first file in the block. Then hold down the Shift key as you click the last file in the block. This will select not only those two files, but everything in between. To select multiple files that are not a contiguous block, click one file. Then hold down the Ctrl key while you click each additional desired file. CAUTION. Loading a group of sequences will overwrite any existing sequence of the same name in the Sequence List without warning. NOTE. Multiple sequence selection is not available from the Open File menu in the tool bar or from the pull-down list in the graphical waveform area. Saving a sequence To save a sequence, touch and hold on a sequence (or right mouse click) and select Save or Save As. This opens a Windows dialog box that allows you to navigate to a location to save the sequence. Click here to see the list of valid sequence file types. Valid file types.seqx file format.seq file format Description Native sequence file. Sequence file for AWG5000 and AWG7000 series instruments. See Sequence file format (see page 177) for information about the format of this type of sequence file. Assigning tracks to a channel A sequence can consist of up to eight different tracks. (A minimum of one track is required). To play a sequence track, you need to assign a track to a channel. This is true even for a single channel instrument. 48 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

59 Assigning tracks to a channel There are several methods to assign a sequence track to a channel. (See below for further information regarding one channel and two channel instruments.) Drag an entire sequence onto a channel s plot area. This always assigns track 1 to channel one. On a two channel instrument, the second track of the sequence is assigned to channel two. Drag a track from a sequence onto a channel s plot area. Touch and hold (or right mouse click) on a sequence track in the Sequence List and use the pop-up window to assign it to a channel. Use the drop-down list in the channel s plot area to assign the channel to play a sequence track. You can choose sequence tracks from sequences already loaded into the Sequence List or you can browse for sequence files. When browsing, you select the sequence file, and then select the track to assign to the channel. Assigning tracks on a one channel instrument With a one channel instrument, the following actions occur when assigning a track to play on the channel: AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 49

60 Assigning tracks to a channel If you drag and drop a sequence onto the channel s graph area, Track 1 is assigned to the channel. This is true regardless of how many tracks the sequence may contain. You can drag and drop (or assign) any track from any sequence onto the channel s graph area. Assigning tracks on a two channel instrument With a two channel instrument, you have the option to play multiple tracks, either from the same sequence or different sequences. You also have the option to play a sequence track on one of the channels while playing a single waveform on the other. The following describes the interactions between the two channels: You can drag and drop the entire sequence onto one of the channel s graph area. This automatically assigns Track 1 of the sequence to the channel. If the sequence has only one track, you can drag and drop the sequence to one or both channel s graph area and the single track will play on both channels. If the sequence has multiple tracks, you can drag and drop the sequence to either channel s graph area. In this case, Track 1 is assigned to Channel 1 and Track 2 is assigned to Channel 2. This is the track assignment regardless of which channel you drag the sequence to. If playing tracks from the same sequence on both channels, the channels are coupled together. This requires that the waveforms be of equal length for each step of the two tracks. In this case, the Force jump to... button actions are coupled together. You can drag and drop (assign) a specific track from different sequences onto the channel s graph area. This gives you the freedom to play any track from any sequence. Since the tracks are from different sequences, the channels are not coupled together. You can play a sequence track on one channel while playing a waveform on the other channel. Assigning tracks containing IQ waveforms IQ waveforms cannot be assigned to a channel for playout, only their I or Q components can be assigned to a channel. Sequence tracks that contain an IQ waveform provide a drop down menu for you to choose which component of the IQ waveform you want the channel to play. If a track contains multiple IQ waveforms, the I or Q selection applies to all IQ waveforms in the track. 50 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

61 Edit a sequence Edit a sequence You can select any sequence contained in the Sequence List to modify it or create a new sequence based on the existing sequence. Select any sequence in the list, touch and hold (or right mouse click) to display the sequence operations. Selecting Modify sequence opens the sequence in the Sequence tab window for editing. NOTE. You cannot edit a sequence from the Home tab. See Sequence tab overview (see page 97). AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 51

62 Sequence properties Sequence properties You can select any sequence contained in the Sequence List to view its properties. The Sequence Properties dialog screen provides many details about the Sequence that are static (not able to modify). The items you are able to modify include: Recommended Sample Rate: This is typically defined by the sequence when it was created. You can change the recommended sample rate as needed. Recommended Amplitude: This is typically defined by the sequence when it was created. You can change the recommended amplitude as needed. Recommended Offset: This is typically defined by the sequence when it was created. You can change the recommended offset as needed. Recommended Frequency: This is typically defined by the sequence when it was created and is only displayed if the sequence contains an IQ waveform. You can change the recommended frequency as needed. Recommended settings are used when the system is defined to use the sequence settings instead of the system settings during playout. Refer to General setup (see page 53) to enable use of the recommended settings. 52 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

63 General setup overview General setup overview The General tab (see page 53) under Setup displays the controls to enable or disable certain global actions that are not channel dependent General setup Use the General setup tab to: Enable all channels on play (see page 53) Apply recommended settings on assignment (see page 54) Enable all channels on play When enabled, all channels (loaded with a valid waveform or valid sequence) are enabled when the playout is initiated either from the user interface or the front-panel Play button. All Outputs Off control is not affected. Other conditions about this control: This control is disabled at the initial (first) startup of the AWG application. Restoring the factory default settings does not reset this control. Restarting the system does not reset this control. This setting is not saved as part of a setup file. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 53

64 Apply recommended settings on assignment Apply recommended settings on assignment When enabled, the system attempts to use the waveform s recommended settings (sample rate, amplitude, and offset) when the waveform is assigned to a channel. This includes waveforms within sequence tracks assigned to a channel. Other conditions about this control: If the waveform is of an IQ type, the recommended frequency is also used. If a recommended value is not included with the waveform, the current system value remains unchanged. If a recommended value is not supported by the instrument, a warning message is displayed. Channel setup introduction The Channel tab (see page 55) under Setup displays the controls to adjust and control the channel and marker outputs. Single and two-channel instruments have the same controls for each channel. With a two-channel instrument, use the Channel pull-down list to select the channel you wish to adjust. Also, two-channel instruments can have many of the settings coupled together. Refer to the Couple channel settings (see page 64) section for information about how coupling works. Use the Channel setup page to: Enable/disable the channel output (see page 55) Select the Channel output path (see page 56) Set the Analog output amplitude (see page 59) Set the Marker values (see page 62) Change the Channel color (see page 65) 54 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

65 Enable outputs / relay state Adjust Analog output skew and Marker delay (see page 82) Timing between analog outputs (two-channel instruments) Marker delay (skew and delay adjustments) Phase adjustment Output Options (see page 66) Output conditions of the Analog and Marker outputs when not actively playing a waveform Channel setup Enable outputs / relay state From the Setup > Channel tab, the Channel On/Off button internally connects and disconnects the Analog outputs, Marker outputs, and Flag outputs (using internal relays). When disconnected, the outputs are electrically floating. Use the Channel select pull-down list to choose which channel to control. Refer to Output options (see page 66) for further information about output conditions. The Channel tab (in Setup) and the Channel button icon displays the status of the channel s output. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 55

66 xxx Channel output path The channel output is not enabled (outputs are electrically disconnected). The channel output is enabled (outputs are electrically connected). In this state, the waveform playout will proceed if there are no errors preventing playout, a trigger is supplied as defined by the Run mode, and the All outputs off is not activated. The channel is enabled but the All outputs off is active and the channel, markers, and flag outputs are disconnected. Channel output path The channel output path selector determines the signal path when the channel s output is enabled. 56 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

67 Channel output path Direct: Outputs via the Analog + and differential output connectors, measured in units of volts. This is the standard signal path. Refer to Direct (see page 57) for additional information. AC: Outputs via the single-ended AC connector, measured in units of dbm. The AC path provides additional amplification and filtering to the AC output connector. The menu choice appears if Option AC is installed and is available only with the AWG70001A. Refer to AC (see page 57) for additional information. DC Amplified: This menu choice only appears if a connection to an MDC4500 is sensed via a USB connection. DC Amplified provides greater amplitude range via a connection to an MDC4500 instrument. The analog + and differential output connectors must be connected to the input connectors of the MDC4500 and the Channel Setup controls the outputs of the MDC4500. Refer todc Amplified (see page 58) for additional information. Direct Direct is the standard signal output path which uses the analog + and output connectors. All channel setup controls operate as explained in the Channel Setup section. AC AC is available if Option AC is installed (AWG700001A only). This section describes the differences between the Direct Output Path and the AC Output Path. With Option AC installed (AWG700001A only), the Output Path menu includes the AC selection). AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 57

68 Channel output path The AC Output Path outputs via the single-ended AC connector, measured in units of dbm. The AC path provides additional amplification and filtering to the AC output connector. The following sections discuss the added features when using the AC Output Path. AC output (see page 60) Filter and Range (see page 66) Advanced amplitude adjustment (see page 68) DC Amplified This menu choice appears if a connection to an MDC4500 is sensed via a USB connection. A USB driver must be installed (see page 59) on the AWG. The DC Amplified Output Path is for use when the instrument is directly connected to an MDC4500. The MDC4500 instrument then becomes the signal output, but is controlled by the AWG. This section describes the differences between Direct mode and DC Amplified mode. With the DC Amplified Output Path selected, the Channel Setup Amplitude control range changes and an Offset control is added. 58 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

69 Amplitude To use the DC Amplified Output Path, the following requirements must be met: A USB connection between the AWG and MDC4500. (The USB driver must be installed.) The AWG Analog + and outputs must be connected to the MDC and inputs. Optional The AWG marker outputs connected to the MDC4500 marker inputs. Optional The AWG flag outputs connected to the MDC4500 flag inputs. The following section discusses the added features when using the DC Amplified Output Path. DC Amplified output path (see page 61) Refer to the documentation supplied with the MDC4500 for detailed operating instructions and specifications about the MDC4500. MDC4500 USB installation A USB connection must be made between the AWG and the MDC4500 instrument. Install the supplied USB driver on the AWG before making any connections to the MDC4500. Navigate to: C:\Program Files\Tektronix\MDC4500 Installer To install, simply click on the "install.bat" file and follow all prompts through the installation process. Amplitude The amplitude sets the analog output level of the differential (+) to ( ) outputs. The selected output mode determines the available range and bandwidth. The level shown on the Channel Setup tab is the same amplitude shown on the Home tab. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 59

70 xxx Amplitude Direct output path The level is adjustable from 250 mv p-p to 500 mv p-p for single-ended output. The differential output (+) to ( ) is 500 mv p-p to 1 V p-p. For two channel instruments, the level can be set independently for each channel, unless the Couple settings has been selected. See Couple channel settings (see page 64). AC output path If you have an AWG700001A instrument with Option AC installed, you have the option to use the single-ended AC output connector. When set to AC, the output is scaled in dbm but has a higher amplitude output due to the added amplifiers in the output path. The typical adjustable range is from 18 dbm to 62 dbm, but the range has further limitations based on filtering selections. The amplitude output is calibrated at a single frequency for each filter selection. See the table below for the ranges and calibration methods. Filter selection Amplitude range (typical) Calibration method None 25 dbm to 70 dbm Calibrated with a 1 GHz sine wave. Low Pass 25 dbm to 70 dbm Calibrated with a 1 GHz sine wave. Band Pass 10 to 14.5 GHz 13 to 18 GHz 18 dbm to 77 dbm 20 dbm to 90 dbm Calibrated with an 11 GHz sine wave. Calibrated with a 14 GHz sine wave. 60 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

71 Amplitude NOTE. Adjusting the Amplitude setting automatically causes the instrument to adjust the various inline attenuators to attain the chosen amplitude. Readjusting the attenuators will affect the Amplitude setting. See Advanced amplitude adjustment (see page 68). DC Amplified output path Amplitude sets the Analog output level of the differential (+) to ( ) outputs as output from the MDC4500. The level is adjustable from 31 mv p-p to 1.2 V p-p for single-ended output. The differential output (+) to ( ) is 61 mv p-p to 2.4 V p-p. NOTE. This is the output level as seen from the MDC4500, not the AWG70000A instrument. Offset. The DC Amplified output path also provides the ability to add an offset to the MDC4500 output. The offset range is 400 mv to 800 mv. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 61

72 Markers Markers Each analog output channel is capable of providing up to two markers. The outputs are (+) and (-) complementary. To enable the markers, the bit resolution for the channel must be set to include markers. Each marker uses one bit (out of the possible 10). See Resolution bits (see page 63). The voltage settings of the High and Low levels range between 1.4 V and +1.4 V. The High and Low settings are inter-dependent, requiring a minimum of 500 mv separation or a maximum of 1.4 V separation between the settings. Adjusting either value forces a change to the other value, if necessary, to maintain the minimum separation. Marker logic state timing Marker outputs can change logic states on any sample point in the waveform. But once the logic state changes, it must remain in that state long enough to satisfy the minimum pulse width requirement of 80 ps. 62 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

73 Resolution (bits) Resolution (bits) The bit resolution selection tells the instrument how your waveform was created, either with or without markers, and sets the channel accordingly. NOTE. It s important to know if the waveform you intend to assign to a channel is intended to use markers. Selecting 10+0 Mkr indicates that your waveform is using the entire 10 bits for the waveform. Selecting 9+1 Mkr indicates that your waveform is using 9 bits for the waveform and the least significant bit for a single marker. Selecting 8+2 Mkrs indicates that your waveform is using 8 bits for the waveform and the two least significant bits for markers. The resolution is selectable for each channel. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 63

74 Couple channel settings (AWG70002) Couple channel settings (AWG70002) Instruments with two channels have the ability to couple the settings of the channels together, allowing you to change settings to both channels simultaneously from either channel. When the Couple settings is set to Pair, the Channel 1 settings overwrite the Channel 2 settings. But once coupled, you can use either channel to make changes, but the changes to linked settings always affects both channels. The following channel settings are coupled together: Output path Channel amplitude Resolution (bits) Marker High and Low values Stop state Wait state NOTE. The channel coupling does not affect the Run Mode coupling. The Run Mode coupling is set from the Home tab. 64 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

75 Channel color Channel color Use the channel color selection to change the screen color used to display the channel s plot display area on the home tab. The color is used in the following displays and lights Waveform plots (on Home tab) Marker plots (on Home tab) Front-panel LED for the channel analog output. (The channel LEDs light when the channel is enabled for output.) Marker LEDs are always white. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 65

76 xxx Filter and Range (Option AC only) Filter and Range (Option AC only) With Option AC installed (AWG700001A only), the Filter and Range selections become available when the Output Path is set to AC. They are used to select various cutoff frequencies. Filter selection None Low Pass Band Pass Frequency range 10MHzto18GHz 10 MHz to 11.5 GHz Band Pass has two frequency cutoff ranges: 10 GHz to 14.5 GHz 13 GHz to 18 GHz NOTE. Filter and Range selections affect the available amplitude output range. See Amplitude (see page 59). Output options The Output Options is accessed from the Channel screen of the Setup tab. 66 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

77 Output options When a channel s output is off, its analog outputs and marker outputs are electrically disconnected from the instrument (floating). When a channel s output is enabled, the outputs are electrically connected to the instrument, preparing to play out a waveform. The Output Options allows you to define the state of the outputs when the channel is enabled but a waveform is not actively being played out (such as stopped with the play button, waiting for a trigger event, or assigning a waveform to a channel). Output value when stopped or waiting A channel s analog outputs and marker outputs have various output conditions: Playing The waveform (and markers if active) are being output. Stopped Waveform playout has been stopped. This can be due to pressing the Play button to stop the waveform playout, the waveform is loading, or a clock change is in progress. Waiting The instrument is waiting for a trigger event, or the brief time between when a waveform has finished loading and playout starts. Sequence End This is only displayed when Sequencing (Option 03) is installed. These are the channel s Analog and Marker outputs when the end of a sequence is reached. The instrument continues to output the indicated values. Analog output settings Stopped state 0 Volt Output is set to 0 volts. Off Output is disconnected (floating). There is no electrical connection between the output connector and the instrument. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 67

78 xxx AC Advanced amplitude adjustment (Option AC) Analog output settings Waiting state Sequence End state Marker outputs settings Stopped state Waiting state Sequence End state 0 Volt Output is set to 0 volts. First Point Output is set to the value of the first point of the waveform. 0 Volt Output is set to 0 volts. Low Output is set to a logic low. Off Output is disconnected (floating). There is no electrical connection between the output connector and the instrument. Low Output is set to a logic low. High Output is set to a logic high. First Point Output is set to the value of the first point of the waveform. Low Output is set to a logic low. On a two channel instrument, the stopped and waiting states are set independently of each other unless you ve chosen to couple the CH1 and CH2 settings. AC Advanced amplitude adjustment (Option AC) The Advanced button (AC output path) displays the dialog screen that illustrates the output paths available. From this screen, you can select the Filter Path and Range, which is the same as from the Channel Setup screen. But from this screen, you can see how the Filter Path and Range selections affect the signal path and the placement of various attenuators. 68 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

79 AC Advanced amplitude adjustment (Option AC) Adjustment DAC Attenuators A1 A2 Description This is the signal amplitude of the internal DAC. Changing the DAC level affects the Amplitude level. The DAC level affects all Filters and Ranges. A1 through A3 sets the signal amplitude of the attenuator. Changing an attenuator level affects the Amplitude level. Attenuator A1 is active only for the Band Pass Filter Path when the Range is set to GHz. Range is 0 to 31 db in 1 db increments. Attenuator A2 is active for all Filter Paths. Range is 0 to 31 db in 1 db increments. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 69

80 xxx xxx Clock introduction Adjustment A3 Amplitude Description Attenuator A3 is active for all Filter Paths. Range is 0 to 75 db in 5 db increments. This is the signal amplitude at the AC output connector. NOTE. Adjusting the Amplitude setting automatically causes the instrument to adjust the various inline attenuators to attain the chosen amplitude. Readjusting the attenuators affects the Amplitude setting. The Amplitude value displayed on the Channel Setup screen is the same Amplitude value displayed on the Home screen. The amplitude output is calibrated at a single frequency for each filter selection. The following table lists the ranges and calibration methods. Filter selection Amplitude range (typical) Calibration method None 25 dbm to 70 dbm Calibrated with a 1 GHz sine wave. Low Pass 25 dbm to 70 dbm Calibrated with a 1 GHz sine wave. Band Pass 10 to 14.5 GHz 13 to 18 GHz 18 dbm to 77 dbm 20 dbm to 90 dbm Calibrated with an 11 GHz sine wave. Calibrated with a 14 GHz sine wave. Clock introduction The Clock Setup (see page 71) determines the waveform output sample rate and the source used to drive the sample clock signal. The Reference In signal input is provided to help you synchronize the AWG to your system using your own reference signal, and the Reference Out signal performs a similar function by making the AWG's internal frequency source available to other equipment. 70 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

81 Sample Rate Clock Setup Sample Rate The Sample Rate box allows you to set your desired sampling rate. When setting Clock and Reference Source to Internal or Reference In, External 10 MHz, the instrument automatically creates the sampling rate (based on a 10 MHz reference signal). When the reference source is set to use an external variable signal, you can still enter a sampling rate, but its value must be a multiple of the reference signal. See Clock and Reference Sources (see page 71) for more detailed information about sampling rates and reference signals. Clock and Reference Sources The Clock and Reference Sources controls let you choose what signal source you want to use as a frequency reference for the clock signal. The following table describes each of the settings and how the clock signals are derived. You can refer to the simplified block diagram to help understand how the choices affect the signal paths. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 71

82 Clock and Reference Sources Internal Reference in, External 10MHz Reference In, External Variable For general use, this method is usually adequate. The clock is derived from the instrument s internal 10 MHz oscillator as the reference signal. The reference is automatically multiplied or divided, based on the selected Sample Rate. Use this selection if you want to use your own 10 MHz system frequency as a reference. The clock is derived from the 10 MHz signal applied to the Reference In connector. The reference is automatically multiplied or divided, based on the selected Sample Rate. Use this selection if you want to use your own system frequency as a reference. This reference frequency must be between 35 MHz and 250 MHz. The clock is then derived from the signal applied to the Reference In connector. When this selection is chosen, use the External Reference Details controls to set or calculate the Sample Rate based on the reference in frequency. The first item to enter is the Reference In frequency. You can enter the value manually or use the Detect actual freq button to measure the frequency of the applied signal. After you have the frequency value, you can set the Sample Rate or calculate the Sample Rate. With the User enters pull-down list, you have three choices: Sample Rate: you enter the Sample Rate directly and the Reference In signal is multiplied or divided as needed to obtain the desired Sample Rate. Multiplier: Enter a value to multiply the Reference In signal, calculating the Sample Rate. Divider: Enter a value to divide the Reference In signal, calculating the Sample Rate. 72 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

83 xxx Clock and Reference Sources Clock In, External Variable Use this selection if you want to provide your own system clock signal applied to the Clock In connector. The clock signal must be between 6.25 GHz and 12.5 GHz. When this selection is chosen, use the External Clock Details controls to set or calculate the Sample Rate based on the clock in frequency. The first item to enter is the Clock In frequency. You can enter the value manually or use the Detect actual freq button to measure the frequency of the applied signal. After you have the frequency value, you can set the Sample Rate or calculate the Sample Rate. With the User enters pull-down list, you have two choices: Multiplier: Enter a value to multiply the Clock In signal, calculating the Sample Rate. Divider: Enter a value to divide the Clock In signal, calculating the Sample Rate. Jitter Reduction Clock Out Sync Clock Out The Adjust button allows you to easily calibrate the system clock circuitry. You can run this at any time. The button turns red when the system detects changes that may impact clock accuracy, thus requiring an adjustment. A message is also displayed in the Status area at the bottom of the screen, informing you to run the adjustment. When an adjustment is required, all waveform playout is inhibited. Jitter Reduction limits the resolution setting of the Sample Rate when using the internal clock or an external reference. Click to enable the Clock Out signal. The Clock Out signal is based on the Sample Rate and helps you synchronize the AWG to your system or DUT, or to synchronize multiple AWGs. When enabled, the actual clock frequency is reported. Clock Out is not available when the clock source is set to Clock In, External Variable. See Clock and Reference Sources (see page 71) for more information. Click to enable the Sync Clock Out signal. The Sync Clock Out signal is 1/80 th of the Sample clock and helps you synchronize the AWG to your system or DUT, or to synchronize multiple AWGs. See Clock and Reference Sources (see page 71) for more information. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 73

84 Clock and Reference Sources 74 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

85 Clock and sync clock outputs Clock and sync clock outputs The Clock Out and Sync Clock Out signals are provided to help you synchronize the AWG to your system or DUT, or to synchronize multiple AWGs. Click the box to enable the outputs of either or both of these signal outputs. The Clock Out frequency is a ratio based on the Sample Rate setting. The Clock Out readout (in the clock settings panel) provides the actual clock out frequency. (The frequency value is shown only when Clock out is enabled.) NOTE. The Clock Out frequency will free-run if using an external variable reference and the instrument loses lock with the signal. Lock can be lost if there is no valid signal applied to the reference input or the actual signal frequency is different than the value entered in the Reference In freq dialog box. The Sync Clock Out frequency is derived from Sample Clock through a 1/80 divider. NOTE. You should disable these outputs when not in use, to reduce the potential for creating unwanted noise. Trigger control Triggers control when a waveform starts to output, after the Play button has been pressed. A trigger event is necessary when the instrument s Run Mode is set to a triggered condition. Trigger control (Run mode (see page 75), Trigger Source (see page 76), Trigger coupling (see page 77)) is accessed from the AWG Home tab and is unique for each channel unless the Run modes have been coupled together. Run mode Triggers (Run mode (see page 76)) control when a waveform is output after the Play button is pressed. Two channel instruments can use independent Run modes and trigger events. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 75

86 Trigger control Run mode Run mode (accessed from the AWG Home tab) has three selections: Continuous: Waveform play out starts when the Play button is pressed, without the need for a trigger event. The waveform continues to repeat until stopped by the user. Triggered: Waveform play out starts when the trigger event occurs. Waveform playout stops after one complete waveform cycle and remains stopped until the next trigger event. Using a triggered run mode requires that you select the trigger source. See Trigger source (see page 76). Waveform playout cannot be retriggered until the current waveform playout completes an entire cycle. For two channel instruments, both waveforms must complete a cycle. Trig d Cont.: Waveform playout starts when a trigger event occurs. Once a trigger event occurs, waveform plays continuously until stopped by the user. (Retriggering is not required nor has any effect.) Using a triggered run mode requires that you select the trigger source. See Trigger source (see page 76). Trigger source The trigger source (see page 76) selection only appears when the Run mode is set to a triggered mode (Triggered or Trig d Cont.). Trigger source The trigger sources available include: 76 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

87 Trigger input settings A: The A External Trigger input (rear-panel Trigger Inputs) is used as the source for a trigger event. The A Force Trigger button is also active. B: The B External Trigger input (rear-panel Trigger Inputs) is used as the source for a trigger event. The B Force Trigger button is also active. Internal: An internally generated trigger signal is used as the trigger source. (The A and B Force Trigger buttons are not active.) When using a trigger event to start the waveform playout, you need to define the trigger parameters. Use the Trigger setup window (located in the Setup tab). See Trigger input settings (see page 77). NOTE. For two channel instruments, each channel can use an independent trigger source or use the same trigger source for both channels by coupling the triggers together. Trigger coupling Instruments with two channels have the ability to couple the Run mode and Trigger source together, allowing you to change settings to both channels simultaneously. When triggering is initially linked, the Channel 1 settings overwrite the Channel 2 settings. But once coupled, you can use either channel to make changes. Trigger input settings When using a trigger source (Internal or External), you need to define the signal requirements to cause a trigger event. Use the Trigger setup screen (see page 78) (located in AWG Setup tab). AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 77

88 Trigger input settings Trigger Internal Trigger When the trigger selection is set to Internal (AWG Home screen), the trigger event is generated from the instrument s internal clock. The only setting for the internal trigger is the interval (1 μs to 10 s) at which the trigger signal is generated. External Trigger The instrument has two external trigger inputs, A and B. Use the Trigger screen to define the trigger conditions of each input. Two channel instruments can use independent trigger sources for each channel. 78 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

89 xxx Trigger input settings Item Level Polarity Description Trigger Level sets the threshold that the external trigger input signal must cross for a trigger event to occur. Select values from 5 V to 5 V. Trigger Polarity (see page 79) sets which slope to use (rising or falling edge) of the external trigger input signal for a trigger event to occur. Trigger polarity Impedance Timing Trigger Impedance sets the impedance of the External Trigger inputs to match the impedance of the external source driving the external trigger input signal. See Rear-panel connectors (see page 194). Trigger Timing is the trigger timing speed in relation to the frequency of the sampling clock speed. Trigger timing is selectable between Fast or Slow for when using an external input: Fast (Asynchronous) triggering provides the smallest delay between the trigger event and starting the waveform playout. Slow (Synchronous) triggering slows the trigger clock rate to provide a longer setup time, making it easier to align timing events between equipment. Two-channel instruments allow this selection for both the A and B external trigger inputs. Single-channel instruments allow this selection only for the A external trigger input. See Trigger timing (see page 80) for more information about asynchronous and synchronous trigger timing. PatternJumpInput When using Sequencing, the Pattern Jump Input is available as a trigger source. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 79

90 xxx Trigger timing Item Strobe Edge Jump on strobe always Description Sets which slope to use (rising or falling edge) of the pattern jump strobe input signal for a trigger event to occur. A jump based on a pattern requires two things: a strobe edge and an address change at the Pattern Input connector. With this checked, a jump always occurs on the strobe edge. See Pattern Jump (see page 109) for more information. Trigger timing The Timing control in the Trigger setup window allows you to select the method most suited to your application. Fast (Async) is appropriate for situations like these: You do not need trigger timing uncertainty better than ± (sample clock period) / 2. You are using a single trigger event to start AWG output. You want to minimize trigger uncertainty without synchronizing the AWG to your external system or device under test (DUT). Slow (Sync) is useful if your application is like one of these examples: You need to minimize trigger uncertainty and have the ability to synchronize your trigger signal to the AWG clocks using one or more of these signal inputs/outputs: Reference In, Reference Out, Clock Out, or Sync Clock Out. You are using a trigger signal from your system to the AWG to achieve tight alignment between the AWG and your external system. You are synchronizing multiple AWGs. To understand the difference between these choices, you need some background on the AWGs internal clock signals. 80 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

91 Trigger timing The internal sample clock signal is what causes the DAC to output waveform samples. The DAC s output sample rate is generally a multiple of the sample clock or divided down from thesampleclock Thesampleclockisalwaysavaluebetween6.25GHzand12.5GHz,whilethesampleratecanbe anywhere from 1.49 ksamples/s to 50 GSamples/s. (The maximum rate varies by instrument model and options). The Clock Out signal is the same as the internal sample clock. The Sample Clock is divided by 80 to produce another timing signal; the Sync Clock Out. The Clock Out and Sync Clock Out signals are available on rear-panel of the AWG for use in synchronizing the AWG to your external device or system. The AWG determines when a trigger event has occurred by comparing the trigger input signal s voltage level against the trigger level you have set in the Trigger setup window. This comparison occurs at the rising and falling edges of the Sample Clock signal for Fast trigger timing, and at the rising edge of the Sync Clock Out signal if Slow trigger timing is selected. The Sample Clock period for Fast (Async) trigger timingcanbeasshortas40ps(for50gs/ssample rate). If the trigger signal applied to the AWG misses its setup/hold window by being either too early or too late, it will be recognized in the previous or next cycle, leading to an 80 ps uncertainty for Fast (Async) mode if you do not use one or more of the clock signals to synchronize your trigger events to the AWG sample clock. Minimum trigger uncertainty is achieved by using shared clock and/or reference signals to insure that your trigger event arrives at a consistent location within the selected Trigger Timing clock cycle. The Sample Clock period for Slow (Sync) trigger timing is 160 times longer than for the Fast (Async) trigger timing. This extra time makes it easier for your system to assert the trigger event within the setup/hold window. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 81

92 Adjust skew Adjust skew The Skew adjustments (see page 83) is accessed from the Setup tab. The Skew and delay adjustments dialog screen is used to: Adjust the relative timing (skew) between the analog channels (two channel instruments only) Adjust the relative amplitude and phase (interleave) between the two DACs (single channel instruments only) Adjust the relative timing (delay) of the marker outputs (for each channel) Adjust the phase of all output signals relative to the system clock 82 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

93 Adjust skew Skew adjustments Analog channel skew adjustments With multi-channel instruments, the channel outputs might not always be perfectly aligned, due to many factors such as a differences in cable lengths. In the Setup menu, select the Skew tab and then the Analog Channels tab to display the channel skew. You can adjust the relative timing of every available channel output within the range of ±100 ps. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 83

94 Adjust skew NOTE. Adjusting channel skew is best accomplished by viewing the outputs of the channels on an oscilloscope while adjusting. Interleave adjustment (single channel models only) Single channel AWG70000A series instruments interleave the two DACs that the instrument uses to create the analog output signal. Interleaving the two DACs increases sampling rates and record lengths. 84 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

95 Adjust skew The two DACs are clocked 180 out of phase from each other. The Interleave adjustments provided allows you to make small adjustments between the outputs of the two DACs. Always set your Sample Rate before making interleave adjustments. Marker delay adjustment The Marker Delay adjustment is accessed from the Skew tab in the Setup tab. Two markers are available for each channel. Use the Channel pull-down list to select which markers to adjust. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 85

96 Adjust skew Youcanaddupto100psdelaytoeachmarker.Themarkerdelayisreferencedtothechannel sanalog output. Signal output phase adjustment The Phase adjustment for all signal outputs is accessed from the Skew tab in the Setup tab. The Phase adjustment allows you to adjust the phase of all signal outputs (except for clocks) to synchronize output signals between multiple instruments. The phase adjustment is relative to the system clock and is adjustable from to (or 2 ns to 2 ns). With the right-click menu, you can change the units for this setting to use either degrees or seconds. Outputs from the Analog channels, Markers, Flags, and the Sync Out connectors are all affected. The phase adjustment is only useful when the instrument is externally triggered. 86 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

97 Using synchronization Using synchronization The Sync tab is for use with the AWGSYNC01 Synchronization Hub (Sync Hub) instrument. With the AWGSYNC01 Sync Hub, you can synchronize the signal outputs of up to four AWG70000A series instruments (AWGs), creating a synchronized system. When using a Sync Hub, one AWG70000A series instrument (AWG) becomes the master (controlling all timing and triggering) while up to three additional AWG70000A series instruments can become slaves. All timing and trigger signals are supplied from the master AWG to the Sync Hub. The Sync Hub then provides these signals to the slave AWGs. Since the timing and trigger signals are all synchronized, the signal outputs of the master and slave instruments are synchronized, outputting their respective waveforms at the same time (within 10 ps of each other). Each instrument (master and all slave instruments) in a synchronized system can play different waveforms or sequences (or a combination). Refer to Force jump (see page 105) about forcing sequence jumps when using a Sync Hub. Using Synchronization Initially, synchronization is disabled. When disabled, the synchronization ports on the rear panel (Sync to Hub) are turned off. To setup and use synchronization, generally, you need to perform the following steps, in this order: AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 87

98 Sync hub connections 1. Connect the AWGs to the ports on the AWGSYNC01 Synchronization Hub. See the Sync Hub connections (see page 88) section. 2. Power on all instruments. 3. Enable the Slave AWGs (AWGs connected to Ports 2, 3, and/or 4). See the Enable and configure synchronization (see page 91) section. 4. Enable and configure the Master AWG (AWG connected to Port 1). See the Enable and configure synchronization (see page 91) section. 5. Calibrate (deskew) the AWG outputs. See the Calibration (deskew) (see page 94) section. 6. Adjust the synchronization clock sample rate when required. This is only required if the internal temperature of a slave AWG changes after the synchronized system is in operation. Sync hub connections The following are typical cable connection examples connecting the AWG70000A series instruments to a AWGSYNC01 Sync Hub. 88 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

99 Sync hub connections Clock Out signal from the Master used for synchronization AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 89

100 Sync hub connections External clock signal is used for synchronization 90 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

101 Enable and configure synchronization Enable and configure synchronization Selecting Enable causes the AWG to become part of the synchronized system. But before selecting Enable, the instrument must be connected to a port on the AWGSYNC01 Sync Hub and the AWGSYNC01 must be powered on. Otherwise, a communication error message is generated. The port that the AWG connects to on the AWGSYNC01 determines if the AWG is the master or a slave. The AWG connected to Port 1 is always the master. AWGs connected to Ports 2, 3, or 4, with synchronization enabled, are Slaves. Enable the slave instruments Each AWG that you want to be slave in the synchronized system needs to be enabled for synchronization. This sets up the communication between the AWG and the AWGSYNC01 Sync Hub. For each AWG (on Ports 2, 3, and/or 4), go to the Setup > Sync menu and select Enable. You ll see that the AWG Type is set to Slave AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 91

102 Enable and configure synchronization Enable and configure the master instrument The AWG connected to Port 1 on the AWGSYNC01 Sync Hub becomes the master AWG. Go to the Setup > Sync menu and select Enable. You ll see that the AWG Type is set to Master. Enabling synchronization on the master AWG displays the configuration settings required for the master AWG. The firststeptousingtheawgsync01synchubistoconfigure how many instruments you are synchronizing, selecting the port each instrument is connected to on the Sync Hub. Press Change Configuration to display the configuration settings. The current configuration is displayed. 92 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

103 Enable and configure synchronization Press Change Configuration to select the ports (connected to AWGs) you want to be part of your synchronized system. After the initial configuration (Port selection) is completed, the Sync screen is updated to show the current configuration. You can change the configuration at any time but doing so stops all waveform playout. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 93

104 Deskew calibration Deskew calibration For best performance, run the Deskew Calibration process when setting up a synchronized system. Rerun the deskew process anytime you add or remove an instrument in the synchronized system. Use the following connection diagram to connect the Sync Hub calibration ports to the analog output connectors on the AWG70000A series instruments. 94 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

105 Deskew calibration Use the matched silver calibration cables (supplied with the AWGSYNC01) to connect the Calibration ports from the front of the AWGSYNC01 to the same CH1+ or CH1 output on all AWG70000 Master and Slave instruments. The following diagram shows the calibration cables connected to the CH1+ outputs on all AWG70000 instruments. NOTE. The order of the connections is critical. Connect calibration port 1 to the CH1 output on the Master AWG70000 instrument, Calibration port 2 connects to the CH1 output on the Port 2 AWG70000 Slave instrument, and so on. NOTE. Do not use CH2 for deskew calibration. Once the connections are made, run the Deskew Calibration process. But note the following regarding the clock source of the Master AWG. Master AWG set to Internal Clock: When the AWG is set to use the internal clock, the deskew calibration performs the calibration on all frequencies. This may take up to 30 minutes to complete the calibration (depending on the number of instruments in the synchronized system). Master AWG set to External Clock: When the AWG is set to use an external clock, the deskew calibration performs the calibration of only the frequency of the supplied clock. This calibration takes much less time to complete. You can supply various clock frequencies, deskewing each frequency one at a time. The calibration constants are stored in the master AWG for each frequency,allowingyoutoswitchtodifferentclock frequencies without having to rerun the deskew calibration process. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 95

106 Deskew calibration When the calibration process is complete, disconnect the deskew cables. 96 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

107 xxx Calibration recommended messages The Master AWG70000 saves the deskew calibration settings at the completion of the calibration process, and displays the date, time, and instrument temperature of the latest successful calibration process. Calibration recommended messages Within a synchronized system, using the AWGSYNC01 synchronization hub, there are additional calibration messages possible. Temperature changes in the operating environment may cause the instrument to display a various calibration messages. The following table shows the possible messages and proper handling of the calibration processes. Message Calibration recommended Deskew Calibration recommended Synchronization Adjust What to do The instrument automatically alerts you if the current internal temperature is more than 6 C above or below the temperature at which the calibration was last run. When displayed in a synchronized system, disable synchronization and run the Self Calibration routine. Re-enable synchronization when calibration has completed. Perform a Deskew calibration unless a Calibration recommended message is also displayed. If this message is accompanied by a Calibration recommended message, you must disable synchronization and run the Self Calibration routine before performing a Deskew calibration. The Deskew Calibration process initially adjusts the synchronization clock sample rate. But any time the internal temperature of any slave AWG changes more than ± 5 C from the last calibration, a warning message is displayed in the status area of the affected AWG. Any time the Sychronization warning message displays, you should run the Adjust process (from the Master AWG). Sequence tab overview It is sometimes necessary to create long, complicated waveform files. Where waveforms are repeated, waveform sequencing can save you a lot of memory-intensive waveform programming. A sequence consists of data using a combination of multiple waveforms or subsequences. Specify the sequence (output order) and output the waveforms. Waveforms are controlled by a sequence definition that uses Wait (waiting for trigger), Repeat (number of repetitions), Event Jump To (jumping to event information), and Go To (modifying output order). Pattern jump is another method to control a sequence, allowing you to jump to a specified position in a sequence, depending on a digital pattern applied to the Pattern Jump In connector. Refer to Pattern Jump (see page 109) for additional information. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 97

108 Editing tools Editing tools The editing tool bar in the sequence table provides tools that perform functions that can affect the entire sequence or functions specific to a step s cell. 98 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

109 Editing tools TheFiledrop-down list contains the following menu selections. Save: Applies all changes to the opened sequence. Save As: Saves the opened sequence as a new sequence with a new name. Both the Sequences list and windows directory are updated. Open: Displays a windows directory. Use the Windows directory to navigate to saved sequences. Recent: Displays the list of sequences currently in the Sequences list. New: Creates a new empty sequence. Properties: Displays the properties of the opened sequence. Rename: Opens a dialog box to rename the opened sequence. A renamed sequence only appears in the Sequences list. The Edit drop-down list contains the following menu selections. Copy: Copies the selected items in the sequence editing table. A copy initiated from here allows you copy entire columns or rows in the sequence editing table. Paste: Pastes the data from the copy clipboard. When pasting data copied from a cell or column, you can only paste into the same column. This can be within the same sequence or a different sequence. Paste insert steps: Use this selection to copy an entire step and paste it in the sequence as a new step. Reset selection to default: This changes all the selected cells to their default values. Insert empty step: Use this to insert a new step into the sequence. The new step is inserted directly above the currently selected step. Insert empty steps...: Use this to insert a defined number of new steps. New steps are inserted directly above the currently selected step. Sequence settings: Use this to display the Sequence Settings (see page 104) dialog box to set jump timing, enable the pattern jump event, and set the recommended sample rate for the sequence. See the Copy and paste guidelines (see page 104) for some general information about how copy and paste functions work in a sequence table. Copy icon: Copies the selected items in the sequence editing table. A copy initiated from here allows you copy entire columns or rows in the sequence editing table. Paste icon: Pastes the data from the copy clipboard. When pasting data copied from a cell or column, you can only paste into the same column. This can be within the same sequence or a different sequence. Insert step icon: Use this to insert a new step into the sequence. The step is inserted above the currently selected step. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 99

110 xxx Sequence create and edit toolbar The Sequence Settings button displays a dialog screen to set the following: Jump Timing: Determines when a jump occurs Enable Pattern Jump: Enabling a jump to occur based on a digital pattern. Alinktothepattern jump editor Adjust the sampling rate Enable the Flag Repeat Refer to Sequence Settings (see page 104) for details about the settings available in the Sequence Setting dialog screen. The Go To Step lets you jump directly to a step within the sequence to view and edit the step. Sequence create and edit toolbar Sequences are a series of individual waveforms or subsequences that you can use to create long waveform files. A subsequence is simply an existing sequence that is assigned to a step in a sequence. Use the Sequence tab (see page 100) to create a new sequence or edit existing sequences. To create a sequence, you start by assigning a waveform or sequence to play in the step of a sequence track. Continue building your sequence by assigning waveforms (or other defined sequences) to successive steps. By default, each step of a sequence plays in order of the numbered steps. When the sequence reaches the final step, the sequence naturally ends. Sequence tab NOTE. Sequencing is only one level deep. This means a sequence step can have only one subsequence. A subsequence cannot contain another subsequence. 100 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

111 Sequence create and edit toolbar Each step can have conditions set that impact the playout of the sequence, such as triggers and jumps. Use the Step sequencing tools to design your sequence. To edit a subsequence, touch and hold or double click on the subsequence indicator in the step column. See Subsequence editing (see page 114) for details on the subsequence editor. Table 3: Step editor toolbar Item Step number column Description The first column in the Sequence editor are the numbered steps. These step numbers define the play sequence and are used as the targets for the Event Jumps, Pattern Jumps, Force Jump, and Go to features. The maximum number of steps allowed in a sequence is 16,383 steps. This includes steps contained within subsequences. For example, a sequence numbering to 1000 steps would actually have 1500 steps if a subsequence of 500 steps is part of the sequence. When using a subsequence, the steps in the subsequence are only counted one time, meaning that you can reference the same sequence multiple times without increasing the step count multiple times. Defines the condition required for the step to start playing the assigned waveform. Off: No waiting, the waveform plays immediately. Trig A: The step does not start until a trigger signal is received on the Trigger A input or a Force Trigger A event is received. Trig B: The step does not start until a trigger signal is received on the Trigger B input or a Force Trigger B event is received. Internal: A jump occurs when the internal trigger event occurs. See Trigger input settings (see page 77) to adjust the internal trigger interval. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 101

112 Sequence create and edit toolbar Table 3: Step editor toolbar (cont.) Item Description The Track columns contain the name of the waveform or subsequence to play at each step. Up to eight tracks are available for a sequence. To load a waveform into a step, open the Waveform List, select a waveform and drag the waveform into the track step. To load a subsequence into a step, open the Sequence List and drag a sequence name in the track step. This sequence now becomes a subsequence. Once a waveform or sequence is assigned to a step, you can use the copy and paste functions to populate other steps within the sequence. To add a new track, right-click on any of the Track column headings and select Add Track. A new track is added after the last track. To remove a track, right-click on the Track column you want to remove and select Remove Track. To play a sequence track, you must assign the track to a channel, even if there is only one track in the sequence. Use the Home tab to assign sequence tracks to channels. See Assign a track to a channel (see page 48). The Flags column allows you to place indicators (flags) within a sequence to provide a status of the sequence. The flags are output to the Flag Outputs on the rear panel. Refer to Sequence Flags (see page 112) for more information about the types of flags and their configuration. The Repeat Count column defines how many times the waveform or subsequence plays for the step in the sequence. <enter count>: Enter the number of times to repeat the waveform. The maximum repeat count for a step is (2 20 ). :Useinfinity to continuously play the waveform until a jump condition occurs. 1: The waveform plays one time. Defines the event which will cause a jump to occur in the sequence step. If an event triggers a jump, the sequence uses the Event Jump to definition and skips the Go to definition. Off: A jump is not active for the step. Off is the default setting. Trig A: A jump occurs if a trigger signal is received on the Trigger A input or a Force Trigger A event is received. Otherwise, the sequence uses the Go to definition. Trig B: A jump occurs if a trigger signal is received on the Trigger B input or a Force Trigger B event is received. Internal: A jump occurs when the internal trigger event occurs. See Trigger input settings (see page 77) to adjust the internal trigger interval. NOTE. Refer to the Jump Execution Order (see page 111) table to see the order in which jump conditions are executed. 102 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

113 xxx Sequence create and edit toolbar Table 3: Step editor toolbar (cont.) Item Description Defines which step to jump to when the Event Input condition is met. The Event Input condition must be set before you can define the jump. <enter step>: Enter the step number to jump to if the Event Input condition is met. Next: The sequencer jumps to the next step in the sequence. First: The sequencer jumps to the first step in the sequence. Last: The sequencer jumps to the last step in the sequence. End: The sequence ends. The Analog and Marker outputs are set to the values defined in Output Options (see page 66) dialog screen. Defines the next step in the sequence to play when the step has finished playing its waveform. This is where the sequence continues if no other defined events occur. <enter_step>: Enter a specific step in the sequence to jump to. Next: The sequence goes to the next step in the sequence. This is the default setting. If Next is chosen for the last step in the sequence, the sequence ends. First: The sequence jumps to the first step in the sequence. Last: The sequence jumps to the last step in the sequence. End: The sequence stops when finished with this step. NOTE. Refer to the Jump Execution Order table to see the order in which jump conditions are executed. Displays the size of the waveform assigned to the step. NOTE. The Length display becomes invalid if the sequence has more than one track and the waveforms assigned to the step are different sizes. If you are attempting to play multiple tracks of a sequence on a two channel instrument, each step of the tracks must use identical length waveforms. The displayed time is based on the waveform size, sample rate, and the repeat count. NOTE. The Time display becomes invalid if the sequence has more than one track and the waveforms assigned to the step are different sizes. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 103

114 Copy and paste guidelines Copy and paste guidelines In the sequence tab, you can use the Edit menu or right-mouse click to copy and paste items within the same sequence or to other sequences. There are some general guidelines to know: Within the same sequence, you can only copy and paste within the same column type. For instance, you can copy a Wait setting and paste it to another Wait step but not to the Event Input. You can copy and paste from one track to another, since these contain information of the same type. Using the Edit menu, you can copy a selected column and paste it into another sequence. If you copy a Track column, you can paste into another track within the same sequence or to another sequence. Sequence settings The sequence settings (see page 105) dialog box provide the following settings: Jump Timing Jump timing determines when an event jump in the sequence occurs. Refer to Jump timing (see page 109) for more information on these settings. Refer to Jump priority (see page 111) for a description of the order in which the different types of jumps are acted upon by the system. Enable Pattern Jump This enables the pattern jump event feature. A jump occurs when the system detectsadefined digital pattern on the Pattern Jump connector on the rear panel. Use the Edit pattern jump table button to display the pattern jump table editor. See Pattern jump table for information about creating a pattern jump. Refer to Pattern jump (see page 109) for more information on using the pattern jump feature and creating a pattern jump event. Flag Repeat Enabling the Flag Repeat feature causes the flag (or flags) for that step to repeat if the sequence step is set to repeat (using the Repeat Count setting). The default setting is off (not enabled). This means that the flags are set the first time the waveform is played for a sequence step. Repeating the step will not cause the flag to repeat. When enabled, the flag is set each time the waveform plays for each time the step is repeated. NOTE. The Repeat Flag feature is only useful when using the Toggle or Pulse flags. Since flags remain in their set state (unless changed by another step or the sequence ends), repeating a high or low flag would not cause any change to the flag output. 104 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

115 Forcing jumps introduction Additional settings (sample rate, amplitude, offset, and frequency) are available from the sequence s properties dialog screen. These are recommended settings that are applied when the sequence is assigned to a channel. Refer to Sequence properties (see page 52). Refer to General setup (see page 53) to enable use of the recommended settings. Sequence settings Forcing jumps introduction There are two methods to force an immediate jump to a specific step in a sequence: Force Jump To... (see page 106) button located on the Home tab for each channel. This jump operates differently (uncoupled or coupled) depending on how sequence tracks are assigned for multi-channel instruments. Force Jump Here menu selection accessed directly from a step in the sequence. NOTE. As with any jump, when the jump actually occurs is dependent on the Jump Timing (see page 109) control in the Sequence Settings dialog screen. You cannot force a jump into a subsequence. You can only jump to the step containing the subsequence. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 105

116 Force Jump To... button Also see the section Forcing a jump with Synchronization Hub (see page 108) ifyouwanttoforcejumps when in a synchronized system using the AWGSYNC01 Synchronization Hub. Force Jump To... button The Force Jump To... button (from the Home tab) allows you to interrupt the current sequence track by causing a jump to a specific step in the running sequence track. On a two-channel instrument, you can run sequence tracks on both channels. If the tracks assigned to each channel is from a different sequence, then the Force Jump To button operates in the uncoupled mode where the jump only occurs on the single channel. If the tracks assigned to the channels come from the same sequence, then the Force Jump To button operates in the coupled mode. In the coupled mode, the forced jump action takes place on both channels. Use the Jump to list to select a step in the sequence. First, Current, Last, and End all select the indicated step within the sequence playing. Selecting any of these requires you to press the Jump now button to initiate the jump. Step number allows you to specify a particular step in the sequence to jump to. You can enter step numbers directly with a keypad (front-panel or keyboard) or scrolling to a step number with the front-panel general purpose knob, a mouse scroll wheel, or keyboard up/down arrows. You can use the Jump now button to initiate the jump. If the Request jump when step number changes is checked, the jump occurs whenever the step number is changed. You can change the step number with the front-panel general purpose knob or keypad. You can also change the step number with a keyboard or mouse scroll wheel. CAUTION. When using a scrolling action to change the step number while the Request jump when step number changes is checked, it s possible to cause an unintended step to play. For example, if step 2 is currently playing, and you want to jump to step 4 using a scrolling method, you will pass through the number 3, which will cause step 3 to play. 106 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

117 Force Jump To... button Force Jump To button - synchronized When using a two channel instrument and playing tracks from the same sequence on both channels, the sequence jumps must occur together for both channels. This is true whether playing the same track or different tracks of the sequence. In this case, a force jump action occurs on both channels, regardless of which channel is used to initiate the jump. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 107

118 Force jump here Force jump here You can also force a jump directly to a step in the sequence from within the sequence display. Go to the step you want to jump to, touch and hold (or right-mouse click) somewhere on the row of the step number and select Force jump here. The sequence will immediately jump to the selected step. If the sequence is playing on more than one channel, the Force jump here displays the coupled icon and the forced jump will affect all channels using the same sequence. Forcing a jump (with Synchronization Hub) Forcing a jump (with Synchronization Hub) In a synchronized environment (using an AWGSYNC01 Synchronization Hub), the Force Jump controls are only available from the Master instrument. The Master sends all force jump instructions to each Slave instrument. CAUTION. If the Master instrument is running a different sequence than the Slave instruments, forcing a jump to a particular step on the Master instrument may have unanticipated results on the Slave instruments (i.e. the step may not exist or the target step may have different waveforms). If a Slave instrument is not playing a sequence (playing a waveform), the force jump instruction is ignored. 108 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

119 Jump timing Jump timing Jump timing determines when an event jump in the sequence occurs. This affects all types of event jumps You can access the jump timing settings in two ways: either from the Sequence Settings (see page 109) dialog screen in the Edit menu or directly from the Jump button. Sequence settings Jump Timing Jump timing determines when an event jump in the sequence occurs. Jump immediately A jump occurs at the time the jump event occurs, stopping the playout of the waveform currently playing. Jump at end of waveform A jump occurs only after the currently playing waveform completes its playout. If the waveform is defined to repeat (using the Repeat Count setting in the Sequence editor), the end of waveform occurs when the waveform finishes its current cycle. Refer to Jump priority (see page 111) for a description of the order in which the different types of jumps are acted upon by the system. Creating a Pattern jump Pattern Jump is another type of event jump to cause a change in the sequencing of waveforms with the use of an external digital pattern applied to the Pattern Jump In connector on the rear panel. As with any other event jump, Pattern Jump allows you to jump to a specified position in a sequence. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 109

120 xxx Creating a Pattern jump Use the Pattern Jump Table to define your sequencing jumps. The Pattern Jump editing table is available from the Sequence Settings dialog screen in the Sequence tab. NOTE. The Strobe Edge is used to clock in the pattern jump inputs. The Strobe Edge is configured in the Trigger tab under Setup. Pattern jump table Use the Pattern Jump Table to select the input patterns to initiate a jump. The number of available input patterns (to use for sequence jumps) depends on the Strobe Edge configuration. The input patterns cannot be edited. Strobe edge Rising or Falling Available patterns 256 predefined input patterns available To use the jump table, simply go to a corresponding input pattern and select the step in the sequence you want the sequence to jump to when that pattern is applied to the Pattern Jump In connector. A strobe signal is used to control the pattern input. Patterns are clocked in on the edge of the strobe signal. The strobe edge is configured in the Trigger tab (see page 77) under the Setup tab. NOTE. The step entered in the Jump to Step column must be a valid step number within the sequence being edited. 110 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

121 Jump execution order See Pattern Jump In (see page 196) for a list of the pin assignments for the Pattern Jump In connector. Jump execution order There are a number of ways that a jump can be initiated in a sequence. Some types of jumps take precedence over other types of jumps. Below is the order in which jumps are executed by the system. 1. Force Jump PressingtheForce Jump to... button (from the Home tab) allows you to initiate a jump anytime anywhere within the sequence. A force jump takes precedence over all other types of jumps regardless of the current step of the sequence. 2. Pattern Jump If Pattern Jump is enabled and the defined pattern occurs, this jump takes precedence over the Event Jump or Go to jump. The Pattern Jump is independent of any step of the sequence. 3. Event Jump If an Event Jump is defined for a step, this jump takes precedence over the Go to jump. 4. Go tojump Gotoisthedefaultjumpdestination for a step if no other jumps occur. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 111

122 Sequence flags NOTE. All jump types are dependent on the Jump Timing (see page 109) setting, either causing the jump to occur immediately or at the end of the waveform currently playing. Sequence flags Sequence flags provide you the ability to add indicators within the sequence to help identify the state of the sequence. And since Flags are not part of a waveform file (unlike Markers), the waveforms are able to use the full resolution of the instrument. These flags are output via the Flag Output connectors on the rear panel. A flag can be placed on any step within a sequence track. The flag signals the start of the waveform playout for that sequence step. So if there is a wait condition, the flag is not set until the condition is met. The flags column is divided into four sections, corresponding to the four outputs available (A, B, C, D).Tohelpidentifytheflag locations, the following illustration shows that a flag has been set in each possible location. To setaflag, either touch or double click on the flag cell. The following dialog appears: There are four flag outputs (A, B, C, D) available for each channel. The flag outputs are located on the rear panel (Flag Outputs). Each flag has the following possible states: No Action: This is the default state for all flags. The flagoutputisat0vatdefault. High: The designated flag output is set to high (3.3 V into 50 Ω). Low: The designated flag output is set to low (0 V). Toggle: The designated flag output toggles from its previous state, from High to Low or Low to High. Pulse: A pulse is sent to the designated flag output. The pulse direction is determined by the current state of the flag output. If the current state is low, the result is a positive pulse. If the current state is high,theresultisanegativepulse. The pulse width is determined by the sample rate with the formula: 600/Sample Clock. 112 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

123 Sequence flags Flag outputs remain in their set state until the sequence ends or the flag is set again by another sequence step. You can quickly disconnect the flag outputs using All Outputs Off, either in the graphical interface or with the front panel button. (The output connectors are electrically floating while all outputs off is engaged.) NOTE. Be careful when defining flag outputs. It s possible to redefine a flag s output within the same sequence, easily leading to undesired results. All flag outputs are terminated into 50 Ω and have short circuit protection to ground. Sequence flag timing A sequence flag is initiated by the start of the waveform playout associated with the step. The flag is set before the waveform playout begins. The timing of the waveform playout from a flag s transition change is illustrated below, followed with the formulas to calculate the delays. Flags also have a repeatability window. This means there may be a slight difference in the delay time of a flag s transition in successive changes. See the timing illustration below to help explain these delays. Timing calculations. Use the formulas below to calculate the actual flag delay and flag repeatability window. Flag to Analog output delay (tf): Flag to Analog output delay repeatability (Δtf): AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 113

124 Subsequence editing Flag stability To ensure flag positions are stable, relative to the waveform, the waveform size needs to be in increments of 240 samples. Subsequence editing Subsequences are simply a sequence that is inserted as part of another sequence. There are two methods to edit a subsequence: Open the sequence (to be used as a subsequence) directly from the Sequence List. This opens the sequence in the main sequence editor. See Sequence create and edit toolbar (see page 100) for information about the sequence editing toolbar for editing a sequence. Open the subsequence from within the main sequence. When a sequence is being used as a subsequence, a subsequence editor is provided. The subsequence editor provides you with only the functions subsequencing supports. To edit a subsequence with the subsequence editor, display the main sequence in the Sequence window. When a sequence is being used as a Subsequence, an arrow icon is displayed in the step number. Touch and hold or double-click the icon to display the subsequence editor. Subsequence editing is performed the same as editing any sequence, but with the following limitations: Subsequences do not use any Wait conditions. If a wait condition is built into a sequence, the wait conditions are ignored if the sequence is used as a subsequence. Subsequences do not support Event Jumps or Pattern Jumps. If a jump is built into a sequence, the jumps are ignored if the sequence is used as a subsequence. You cannot jump or go to a step to the main sequence from a subsequence. If the subsequence uses a step definition of End (end of sequence) in the Go to column, it is redefined as Last (last step of the subsequence) If a sequence containing wait conditions and jump conditions is loaded into a sequence (thus becoming a subsequence), the wait conditions and jump conditions are ignored. A subsequence cannot be set to loop the entire subsequence. (For example, you cannot modify the Go to setting of the last step of a subsequence.) To repeat or loop a subsequence, you must set the Repeat Count of the sequence step (containing the subsequence) to a value other than AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

125 Sequencer batch compiler Sequencer batch compiler The batch compiler provides a method to create sequences and waveforms using an Excel spreadsheet (.CVS file type) and then importing the file into the AWG. The comma delimited file type (.CSV) must be used. To import the batch compiler file, you must use the Open File folder from the toolbar. Opening the file compiles all defined waveforms and loads the sequence into the Sequences tab and loads all waveforms into the Waveforms tab. The waveforms created by the batch compiler are limited to: AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 115

126 Sequencer batch compiler Basic waveforms via the use of the Basic Waveform plug-in Create sine waves, square waves, triangle waves, ramps, noise, and DC RF waveforms via the use of the RF Generic Signal plug-in. A license for the RF Generic Signal plug-in is required. Create AM, FM, and PM Analog Modulation signals Creating a batch compile file (.CSV) The.csv file must be created with very specific information in the proper cells. Deviating from this design will likely create an invalid file. The following information defines the rows, columns, and cell content required to create the batch file. NOTE. The Samples directory (C:/Program Files/Tektronix/AWG70000/Samples) contains a sample batch file (Batch Compile Example.csv) that you can use as a basis to create your own batch file. The sample batch file contains the proper header information already and basic track definitions. Header information. The first four lines in column A must use the content as shown. Table 4: Batch compiler header information Line Column A Column B (Optional) Line 1 Mandatory Line 2 (Optional) AWG Sequence Definition Sequence Name blank Enter a name for your sequence. If omitted, the system will generate a unique name. 116 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

127 xxx Sequencer batch compiler Table 4: Batch compiler header information (cont.) Line Column A Column B (Optional) Line 3 (Optional) Line 4 (Optional) Sample Rate Waveform Name Base Enter the sampling rate to use. If omitted, the system calculates the sample rate based on the waveform frequency specified. Enter the base name for the waveform files. Use the following syntax: <base name> [#Frequency_#Length_#Marker1_#Marker2...] The base name is used for all waveforms. You can also include any of the waveform parameters by including the parameter column heading, preceded by a # sign. If omitted, the system will generate unique names. Track information. Following the header information is the start of the track definitions. You can create up to eight tracks containing multiple waveforms. Each new track definition must start by creating a row with the name Track in cell A. This row signifies where the definition of each track begins. The following row contains the headings for the waveform parameters. Note that some heading are global definitions while some headings define elements for each waveform. And the required and optional elements change based on the waveform editor you invoke (Basic or RF). See the tables below that describe the column contents depending on the waveform editor chosen. A track can have many waveforms, with each waveform creating a new step in the sequence. The waveform definitions continue for the Track until another Track row is encountered. When defining multiple tracks, each track must contain the same number of waveform definitions. The following illustrates the spreadsheet representing the columns for creating a basic waveform (using the Basic Waveform plug-in). AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 117

128 Sequencer batch compiler The following illustrates the spreadsheet representing the columns for creating an RF waveform (using the RF Generic Signal plug-in). NOTE. Creating an RF waveform uses the RF Generic Signal plug-in. The RF Generic Signal must be licensed for use. Table 5: Batch compiler header: editor = Basic Waveform plug-in Column A Wait Optional: Wait condition. This is a global setting for all tracks and must be defined in the first track. Syntax: <Off TrigA TrigB Internal> If omitted, set to Off. B Repeat Optional: Repeat element. This is a global setting for all tracks and must be defined in the first track. Syntax: <<Integer> > If omitted, set to 1. C Event Input Optional: Event input. This is a global setting for all tracks and must be defined in the first track. Syntax: <Off TrigA TrigB Internal> If omitted, set to Off. 118 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

129 Sequencer batch compiler Table 5: Batch compiler header: editor = Basic Waveform plug-in (cont.) Column D Event Jump to Optional: Event jump. This is a global setting for all tracks and must be defined in the first track. Syntax: <<step number> Next First Last End> If omitted, set to Next. E Go To Optional: Go To element. This is a global setting for all tracks and must be defined in the first track. If omitted, set to Next. F Flags Optional: Flag element. If defining flags, you must define all four flags. Use semicolons (;) to separate the flag definitions. Syntax: <FlagA;FlagB;FlagC;FlagD> Values include: Toggle High Low Pulse NoChange If omitted, set to NoChange. G Waveform Name Optional: Waveform name. This supersedes the Waveform Name Base in the header information. If omitted, the Waveform Name Base is used. H Frequency Specifies the frequency of the waveform to be compiled. I Length Specifies the length in sample points of the waveform to be compiled. If omitted, the system calculates the length. J Marker1 Optional: Marker1 value. Syntax: <0 1> If omitted, set to 0. K Marker2 Optional: Marker2 value. Syntax: <0 1> If omitted, set to 0. L Editor Optional: Editor to use to compile waveform. Syntax: <Basic Waveform> If omitted, set to Basic Waveform. Use Parameter columns to set the Basic Waveform function. The Basic Waveform editor supports all functions of the Basic Waveform plug-in. M Waveform Type Defines the type of waveform to create when Editor = Basic Waveform. Syntax: <Function=[Sine Square Triangle Ramp Noise DC> If omitted, set to Sine. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 119

130 xxx Sequencer batch compiler Table 5: Batch compiler header: editor = Basic Waveform plug-in (cont.) Column N Amplitude Sets the peak-to-peak amplitude. Syntax: <Amplitude=[variable]> If omitted, set to 500 mv pp. O Offset Defines the offset. Syntax: <Offset=[variable]> If omitted, set to 0. Table 6: Batch compiler header information: editor = RF Generic Signal plug-in Column A Wait Optional: Wait condition. This is a global setting for all tracks and must be defined in the first track. Syntax: <Off TrigA TrigB Internal> If omitted, set to Off. B Repeat Optional: Repeat element. This is a global setting for all tracks and must be defined in the first track. Syntax: <<Integer> > If omitted, set to 1. C Event Input Optional: Event input. This is a global setting for all tracks and must be defined in the first track. Syntax: <Off TrigA TrigB Internal> If omitted, set to Off. D Event Jump to Optional: Event jump. This is a global setting for all tracks and must be defined in the first track. Syntax: <<step number> Next First Last End> If omitted, set to Next. E Go To Optional: Go To element. This is a global setting for all tracks and must be defined in the first track. If omitted, set to Next. F Flags Optional: Flag element. If defining flags, you must define all four flags. Use semicolons (;) to separate the flag definitions. Syntax: <FlagA;FlagB;FlagC;FlagD> Values include: Toggle High Low Pulse NoChange If omitted, set to NoChange. 120 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

131 Sequencer batch compiler Table 6: Batch compiler header information: editor = RF Generic Signal plug-in (cont.) Column G Waveform Name Optional: Waveform name. This supersedes the Waveform Name Base in the header information. If omitted, the Waveform Name Base is used. H Frequency Specifies the frequency of the waveform to be compiled. I Length Specifies the length in sample points of the waveform to be compiled. If omitted, the system calculates the length. J Marker1 Optional: Marker1 value. Syntax: <0 1> If omitted, set to 0. K Marker2 Optional: Marker2 value. Syntax: <0 1> If omitted, set to 0. L Editor Optional: Editor to use to compile waveform. Syntax: <RF Generic Signal> Use the Parameters columns to define the RF Generic Signal. The RF Generic Signal editor supports analog modulation only. If omitted, set to the Basic Waveform plug-in and uses the Basic Waveform plug-in default settings. M Modulation Type Defines the type of waveform to create when Editor = RF Generic Signal. Syntax: <Modulation Type=[AM FM PM> If omitted, set to AM. N Modulation Type parameter Defines the base modulation type parameter. Modulation Type = AM Syntax: <AM Index=[variable] If omitted, set to 50. Modulation Type = FM Syntax: <Frequency Deviation=[variable] If omitted, set to Modulation Type = PM Syntax: <Phase Deviation=[variable] If omitted, set to 10. O Amplitude Defines the carrier amplitude. Syntax: <Amplitude=[variable] If omitted, set to dbm. P Phase Defines the carrier phase. Syntax: <Phase=[variable] If omitted, set to 0. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 121

132 xxx Capture/Playback introduction Table 6: Batch compiler header information: editor = RF Generic Signal plug-in (cont.) Column Q Modulating Signal Defines the modulating signal type. Syntax: <Modulating Signal=[Sinusoidal Triangular Square> If omitted, set to Sinusoidal. R Modulation Frequency Defines the frequency of the modulating signal. Syntax: <Modulation frequency=[variable] If omitted, set to S Phase Offset Defines the Phase offset of the modulating signal. Syntax: <Phase Offset=[variable] If omitted, set to 0. Capture/Playback introduction The Capture/Playback tab allows you to import I/Q data files. Once imported, you then use the compile function to up-convert and create RF waveform files for playout. The newly created waveform files are added to the Waveform List and if Sequencing is enabled, sequences are created. The Capture/Playback feature allows you to import I/Q data from files that were captured from other instruments such as spectrum analyzers and oscilloscopes or you can connect to an instrument and capture the data directly. NOTE. Import also supports other files created with other tools such as MATLAB. The Capture and Playback feature is best suited for instruments with Sequencing (Option 03) enabled. Without the Sequencing option, you are limited to compiling Signals containing only one waveform. From the Capture/Playback tab, you can: Create (Add) Signals (Signals are made up of one or more waveforms) by: Importing individual I and Q waveform files together Importing combined I/Q waveform files Acquiring live data from a connected instrument Compile baseband waveforms into RF Multiple waveforms can be compiled into sequences if Option 03 Sequencing is enabled Adjust output carrier frequency and sampling rates Add and remove waveforms to/from Signals 122 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

133 Adding (importing) I/Q data files Adding (importing) I/Q data files To playout an I/Q waveform file, you first need to import or capture the waveform files and convert them into Signals that are added to the Capture/Playback screen. Press the Add Signal button to display the dialog screen that allows you to add your I/Q waveform files to createasignal. Refer to the following topics about adding/capturing I/Q signals. Adding signals from files (see page 126) Capturing signals from instruments (see page 129) Once you ve selected and added your file(s) from the Add Signal dialog screen, entrees are made in the Captured Signal List. As shown in this example, several Signals have been added to the list. Each signal in the Captured Signal List contains an icon to expand or collapse the signal, displaying the signal s contents (waveforms). AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 123

134 Removing Signals Once the initial Signal is created, you can edit the Signal by adding or removing waveforms and making adjustments to certain waveform parameters. See Editing Signals (see page 124). Removing Signals To remove a Signal (or all Signals) from the Captured Signal List, move the cursor into the List area. Touch and hold (or right-mouse click) on a Signal name to display the menu selection to either remove a selected signal or remove all signals. Editing signals Signals appearing in the Captured Signal List can be modified in various ways. Adding additional waveforms to the Signal Removing waveforms from the Signal Adjusting waveform parameters 124 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

135 xxx Editing signals Adding and removing waveforms When a Signal is created, it appears in the Captured Signal List. If you expand the signal (by pressing the expand icon ), you ll see the waveform(s) contained in the Signal and their parameters. With the Signal expanded, touch and hold (or right-mouse click) on the waveform name area to display the menu selection to either remove individually selected waveforms or remove all waveforms. Item Insert Waveforms(s) Add Waveforms(s) Remove Waveform and Remove AllWaveforms Description Use to insert additional waveforms to a Signal. Inserted waveforms are added before the first waveform in the Signal. Usetoadd additional waveforms to a Signal. Added waveforms are added after the last waveform in the Signal. Use these selections to either remove the selected waveform or all waveforms from a Signal. Adjusting waveform parameters Each waveform contained within a Signal has user adjustable parameters. These parameters are then used when compiling the waveforms. See the Compile settings (see page 133) for additional information about compiling. With the Signal expanded, touch and hold (or right-mouse click) on one of the parameter areas to display the menu selection to set the parameters. You can also directly edit the parameters by placing the cursor within the parameter window. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 125

136 xxx Adding signals from files Item Carrier Frequency (affects all waveforms in all Signals) Baseband Sample Rate Off Time Frequency Offset Description Carrier Frequency is a global setting for all waveforms in all Signals. The carrier frequency is adjustable from 1 khz to the maximum sampling rate of the instrument. The Baseband Sample Rate is initially read from the input waveform files (if included in the imported file). You can adjust the sampling rate, but the compiled waveform must meet the minimum waveform requirements (see page 176). This ensures a specified amount of zero playout time occurs at the end of the selected waveform. This effectively creates a pulsed waveform. NOTE. The compile process may add zero playout to the end of a waveform if the waveform doesn t meet the length requirement. The Frequency Offset is an adjustment related to the set Carrier Frequency for the waveform. Adding signals from files The Add Signal dialog screen allows you to navigate to your saved I/Q files, either individual I and Q files or combined IQ files, depending on the File Type selected. 126 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

137 Adding signals from files Importing individual I and Q files, the navigation window allows you to select these file types:.wfmx,.wfm,.txt,.rfd,.mat Importing IQ files, the navigation window allows you to select these file types:.wfmx,.iqt,.tiq,.mat,.tmp,.prm,.cdif AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 127

138 xxx Adding signals from files Item Signal Name File Type Browse Description This is the resulting name of the waveform when compiling the I/Q files. The default Signal Name uses Signal and the base name and increments the numerical digit each time a new signal is created. You can edit this field to create your own signal name, but subsequent creations always start with the base name of Signal. Chose the type of source file to import. IQ file: Imports a single file that contains both the I and Q data. File format extensions include.wfmx,.wfm,.txt,.rfd, and.mat. IandQfiles: Use this selection to import individual I and Q data files. During the import, the I and Q files are combined into a single waveform file. File format extensions include.iqt,.tiq,.mat,.tmp, and.prm. Use the folder icon(s) to navigate to the location of your I and Q or I/Q waveform files, depending on your File Type selection. When selecting files to add, you are able to select multiple files at a time. Note the following conditions: IQ file type: When selecting combined IQ files, the imported files appear in the Signal in the order in which they appear in the Windows Open dialog box. IQ import recognizes these file types:.wfmx,.iqt,.tiq,.mat,.tmp,.prm,.cdif IandQfiles: When adding I and Q files, you can import a single set of files(1iand1q file) or you can import multiple I and Q files. I and Q files must always be imported as pairs. When selecting multiple I and Q files, the number of selected I files must match the number of selected Q files. Each I file and each Q file is combined into one waveform during import. The order in which the files appear in the Windows Open dialog box is very important because this will be the order that the files are combined and created. I and Q import recognizes these file types:.wfmx,.wfm,.txt,.rfd,.mat Once you select the waveform (or waveforms) and choose to add the waveform(s), you are presented with the Importing Waveform (see page 129) dialog screen to normalize (rescale) the waveforms as they are imported. 128 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

139 Capturing signals from instruments Import waveform Capturing signals from instruments With the AWG instrument connected to a computer network, you can connect to an oscilloscope or spectrum analyzer (on the same network) and capture I/Q data directly from the instrument. The connectivity tab provides a window for you to enter the computer name (hostname) or IP address of a networked instrument you wish to connect to. After entering the hostname or IP address, select the magnifying glass (or press Return) to initiate searching for the instrument. When the connection is established, the From Instrument tab expands to provide additional controls. The content of the tab changes depending on if you re connected to an oscilloscope or a spectrum analyzer. To obtain the hostname or IP address of an instrument, go to the target instrument, select Computer > Properties and note the computer name or IP address. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 129

140 xxx Capturing signals from instruments Oscilloscopes supported: Spectrum Analyzers supported: DPO70000 Series MSO70000 Series DPO7000 Series DPO70000SX Series RSA5000 Series RSA6000 Series You can continue to connect to addition instruments using the Instrument Connection window. Use the pull-down list to view all available instruments. Select on any instrument in the list to make it the active connection and the source for importing data. The following example shows several connected instruments. Select the next to any instrument name to disconnect. Connecting to an oscilloscope When connected to an oscilloscope, the From Instrument tab changes to include features and setting relevant to the oscilloscope. In the example shown, we ve connected to a DPO73000SX instrument. 130 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

141 xxx Capturing signals from instruments Item Acquire and Run and acquire Description Acquire: The waveform from the connected source is transferred to the AWG. Run and acquire: The connected instrument is issued a single event run command. Once the acquisition is complete, the waveform is transferred to the AWG. Use Oscilloscope Settings Capture By default, the Use Current Oscilloscope Settings is checked and the AWG does not adjust any oscilloscope parameters. If Use Current Oscilloscope Settings is checked, the oscilloscope parameters are used and the parameters settings are hidden from view. When unchecking the Use Current Oscilloscope Settings, you are presented with dialog boxes to set: Record Length Sample Rate Horizontal Scale The initial values presented in the dialog boxes are the current oscilloscope settings. Changes made to the settings are immediately applied to the oscilloscope. Imports the data from the connected instrument and adds the signal it to the Captured Signal List. Connecting to a spectrum analyzer When connected to a spectrum analyzer, the From Instrument tab changes to include features and setting relevant to the analyzer. In the example here, we ve connected to a RSA5126B Series instrument. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 131

142 Capturing signals from instruments Item Trigger and acquire Description Acquire: The waveform from the connected source is transferred to the AWG. Run and acquire: The connected instrument is issued a single event run command. Once the acquisition is complete, the waveform is transferred to the AWG. Use RSA Settings By default, the Use Current RSA Settings is checked and the AWG does not adjust any analyzer parameters. If Use Current RSA Settings is checked, the RSA parameters are used and the parameter settings are hidden from view. 132 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

143 xxx Compiling I/Q signals Item Capture Description When unchecking the Use Current RSA Settings, you are presented with dialog boxes to set: Acquisition Bandwidth Acquisition Samples Acquisition Length Center Frequency Span RBW The initial values presented in the dialog boxes are the current RSA settings. Changes made to the settings are immediately applied to the analyzer. Imports the data from the connected instrument and adds the signal it to the Captured Signal List. Compiling I/Q signals The Signals listed in the Captured Signal List will be up-converted to user-defined carrier frequencies when compiled. Use the Select to Compile check boxes to select the Signal (or Signals) you want to compile, and then click the Compile button. Each waveform in each selected Signalis then compiled, based on thewaveform parameters (see page 125) selected and the Capture & Playback Compile Settings (see page 133). Compile settings The Capture and Playback compile settings dialog box lets you select the output sampling rate and the handling of the compiled waveforms and sequences. These settings are used for all compilations of all selected Signals. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 133

144 Compiling I/Q signals Item Auto calculate sample rate Overwrite existing waveform/sequence Compile only Description Check this setting to allow the application to calculate the best output sample rate. The automatic setting is selected by default. If you uncheck this setting, you must enter a sample rate but the compiled waveform must meet the minimum waveform requirements (see page 176) Check this setting to overwrite any preexisting waveforms or sequences with the same name. This is checked by default. If you uncheck this setting, the compile process fails if a duplicate name is encountered. With this selected, the compiled waveforms are entered into the Waveform List. With Option 03, Sequencing installed, a sequence is created and entered into the Sequence List (in addition to entering the waveforms into the Waveform List. If the Waveform List or Sequence List is closed or not in focus, the tabs flash, indicating waveforms or sequences are being added. 134 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

145 xxx Waveform plug-ins introduction Item Compile and assign to Play after assign Description With this selected, the compile process runs as above, but the waveform or sequence is assigned to the selected channel. With Option 03, Sequencing installed, the sequence is assigned to the channel. Without Option 03, the single compiled waveform is assigned to the channel. If the Waveform List or Sequence List is closed or not in focus, the tabs flash, indicating waveforms or sequences are being added. This selection is disabled if sync is enabled and the AWG is a slave. Refer to Using synchronization (see page 87). When Compile and assign to is selected, you can set the waveform or sequence to start playout immediately. Waveform plug-ins introduction The Waveform Plug-ins tab (see page 136) provides access to the available waveform creation plug-in applications. The Basic Waveform creation application is provided as a standard plug-in. As other waveform creation plug-ins are purchased and installed, they are added to the Plug-ins pull-down list. Waveform plug-ins allows you to quickly create and edit various types of waveforms for use. The plug-in list continues to grow as you purchase and install new plug-ins. Any waveforms created with a plug-in can be saved for reuse or for additional editing at a later time. Optional plug-ins appearing in the pull-down list have their own help systems. NOTE. Waveforms created (compiled) using a Waveform plug-in are placed in the Waveforms list. Use the Waveforms list to save or edit waveforms created by a plug-in. The standard plug-ins available include: Basic Waveform (see page 136) Equation editor (see page 139) Table editor (see page 171) AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 135

146 Basic waveform Waveform Plug-ins Basic waveform The Basic Waveform application is provided as a standard plug-in. This plug-in provides a method to quickly and easily create simple waveforms such as sine waves, square waves, and others. The compiled waveforms are placed in the Waveforms tab. 136 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

147 Basic waveform Item Plug-in: Compile Compile Settings Description Select Basic Waveform. Other plug-ins installed appear in the pull-down list but are not described here. Use the compile button to create the new or modified waveform. How the waveform is named and the actions taken are controlled in the Compile Settings dialog screen. If the Waveforms list is closed or not in focus, the Waveforms tab flashes, indicating waveforms are being added. Use the Compile Settings parameters to set the actions taken each time you press the Compile button. Reset Plug-in Name: Enter a name for the compiled waveform. If the name already exists in the Waveform List, the name is appended with an underscore suffix such as Waveform_1. Overwrite existing waveform: If checked, waveforms in the Waveform List are overwritten without warning. This selection is particularly useful to modify existing waveforms without creating new waveforms. Compile for: Select the playout channel intended for the compiled waveform. The channel selection is also used to set the amplitude and offset range. Multi-channel instruments may have differing channel output capabilities. This is the channel used when Compile and assign is selected. Compile only: Creates the waveform and places it in the Waveform List. Compile and assign: Creates the waveform, places it in the Waveform List, and assigns it to the channel selected with the Compile for selection. Play after assign: When checked, automatically loads the waveform and starts the waveform playout. When waveforms are compiled, they are placed in the Waveform List, but are not saved to the hard drive. To save to the hard drive, save the waveform from the Waveform List. Returns Basic Waveform plug-in settings to their default values. This control affects only the Basic Waveform plug-in application. This instrument application settings are not affected. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 137

148 Basic waveform Item Function Auto Calculate Frequency Length (Advanced) Sample Rate Cycles Amplitude Offset Description Choose the type of waveform to create. Selections include: Sine wave, Square wave, Triangle, Ramp, Noise, DC. Choose one of the waveform properties that you want the instrument to calculate (based on the other waveform properties). Only one property can be automatically calculated. The chosen property to calculate is grayed out and cannot be edited. Set the waveform frequency. The available range is dependent on the instrument model and installed options. The available frequency range is also affected by the Length and Sampling Rate settings. Determines the length (size) of the waveform. The minimum and maximum waveform length is dependent on the instrument model and installed options. The Length is affected by the Frequency and Sample Rate and settings. Sets the suggested sampling rate of the waveform. The minimum and maximum sampling rate is dependent on the instrument model and installed options. The sampling rate is affected by the Frequency and Length and settings. Sets the number of times the waveform will repeat. Defines the peak-to-peak amplitude of the waveform. Changing the amplitude causes the instrument to recalculate the High and Low values. With a 0 VOffset, the High and Low values are one half the amplitude. Defines the offset value (center) of the waveform. Changing the offset value causes the High and Low values to change to accommodate the difference, but the total amplitude is not affected. This limits the amount of offset that can be applied. 138 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

149 xxx Equation editor overview Item High and Low Use full DAC range Description Defines High and Low values of the waveform amplitude. The High and Low values are initially one half the amplitude of the waveform (with an offset of 0 V). Changing these values causes the Amplitude value to adjust. Changing the High and Low to uneven values cause a change to the Offset value. Using the full DAC range when compiling waveforms results in waveforms with the best resolution. This feature is enabled by default. When enabled: If the selected offset and amplitude are within the range of the instrument s hardware, then the compiled waveform is compiled using the full DAC range and the compiled waveform s recommended amplitude and offset properties are set to the requested amplitude and offset values. If the selected offset and amplitude will result in a compiled waveform that does not take advantage of the full DAC range, the instrument adjusts the compiled waveform s recommended amplitude and offset values to use the full DAC range. If the system cannot achieve the full DAC range, a warning message is displayed. When disabled: The waveform is compiled using the specified amplitude and offset values and the compiled waveform s recommended amplitude is set to the maximum value and the recommended offset is set to 0. The control is not available for a DC waveform. Equation editor overview The Equation editor is provided as a standard plug-in. The Equation editor is an ASCII text editor that allows you to create, edit, load, and compile equation waveform definitions into a waveform using the Waveform Programming Language (WPL). Use WPL to generate a waveform from a mathematical function, perform calculations between two or more waveform files, and use loop and conditional branch commands to generate waveform values. Compile the equation file to generate the described waveforms and sequences and place them into the Waveforms List and Sequence List. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 139

150 xxx Equation editor overview Item Toolbar Equation editor window Output window Compile Basic tab Waveform tab Math tab Description Provides edit operations, such as open, save, cut, copy, paste, and clear. The Line position shows the cursor position in the equation. Use this area to enter text and/or equation information. Displays the compile results. If the compilation fails, an error message is displayed. It also displays the list of waveform and sequence files created after successful compilation. Compiles the currently loaded equation file. The status of the compilation is displayed in the output window. Generated waveforms and sequences are placed into the Waveforms List and Sequence List. Opens a window that provides basic keywords to use while constructing an equation. Opens a window that provides waveform functions to use while constructing an equation. Opens a window that provides math functions to use while constructing an equation. See also: 140 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

151 Limitations Basic keywords (see page 143) Waveform functions (see page 144) Math functions (see page 159) Math operators (see page 161) Equation examples (see page 162) Limitations The limitations of the Waveform Programming Language are as follows: The Equation editor allows you to open and compile equation files (.equ) that are compatible with the AWG400/500/600/700/5000/7000 series instruments. The compiler can support equation files with a maximum of 10,000 lines or 800,000 characters. References to a waveform file in an equation file should be created by the equation file or exist before the equation file is compiled. (The equation file cannot refer to anything other than waveforms created by the equation file or existing waveform files.) The.wfmx or.wfm extension is optional on the left side of an assignment operator. If omitted, the file will still be created without an extension and automatically imported into the waveform list. Compilation is dependent on the available memory and other resources of the instrument, such as model and instrument options. Tips on using the equation editor Waveform names Waveform names use double quotes. Waveform names are not required to begin with an alphabetical character (unlike variables). Waveform names are case sensitive. Waveform names may contain underscores(_) and dashes(-). Waveform names can be a concatenation of strings using a colon (:). The maximum number of characters is 256 which includes any extension that will be ignored. NOTE. When creating a file, it s best practice to ensure the filename does not already exist by placing a Delete filename in the equation prior to the creation of the file. This ensures the equation creates a new file rather than appending to an existing file. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 141

152 Tips on using the equation editor Equations An equation script (ES) has one or more statements and/or waveform operations. The compiler is an interpretive implementation and does each statement sequentially. Each statement is evaluated from left to right. Any error terminates the compile. No statements after the error are executed. Statements A statement has a identifier, assignment and an expression. All spaces, line feeds and tabs are ignored unless inside a string. All text from a single quote ( ) to the end of a line is regarded as a comment. Variables Paths The first character must be an alphabetical character. Alphabetical characters are case-insensitive. User-defined variables do not need to be declared before using them. User-defined variables are 64-bit floating-point decimal numbers. User-defined variables initial values are undefined. A maximum of 100 variables may be included in a program Files can have the full path or they can reference the working path which is C:\ProgramData\Tektronix\AWG\AWG70k\EquationEditor. Relative paths in the equation editor syntax must include a. or AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

153 xxx Basic keywords Markers Markers do not have names but are an extension of a waveform in the form of a.markern where N is the marker name such as.marker1. The marker extension is not case sensitive like waveform names are. Markers can be assigned in a statement in which every point for a marker will be evaluated for every point in the analog set of points. Assignment The assignment is a single equal sign =. In a statement that has more than one =, going from left to right, the first = is an assignment, all others to the right are treated as a Boolean relational operation. Basic keywords The Equation editor has built-in keywords and functions to easily create equations. These commands insert correctly-formatted keywords or functions into the text file at the current cursor position. Inserted keywords are treated as ordinary text if you need to edit them. The basic keywords are grouped into two types, predefined variables and control statements. The following table lists the predefined variables that you can use as part of a waveform equation expression. Item clock size time point scale pi Description Sets the current instrument sample clock rate. Sets the current waveform record length. Current data time value, starting at 0. Read only. Only useable within an equation expression. Current data point number value, starting at 0. Read only. Only useable within an equation expression. Returns the current scale value that increase 0 to 1. Read only. Only useable within an equation expression. The number pi (π). Use the pi character from the symbol list. The following table lists the control statements that you can use as part of a waveform equation expression. Item if then else endif for next Description Provides control statements to execute expressions when a condition resolves to true or false. Provides control statements to execute expressions when a condition resolves to true or false. Provides control statements to execute expressions when a condition resolves to true or false. Defines the end of the if statement. Provides a structure for executing one or more equation expressions a defined number of times. Provides control statements to execute expressions when a condition resolves to false. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 143

154 xxx Waveform functions Item step to Description Defines the size of the loop count increments. Defines the upper limit of the loop count increment. Waveform functions The waveform functions are listed as follows: bpf The bpf statement creates a new waveform file by passing the specified waveform file through a band-pass filter. Syntax Arguments "output_filename" = bpf("filename1", cutoff_freq_lo, cutoff_freq_hi, taps, atten) "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the filtered waveform data. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename1" is the complete (file name and extension) name of the source file for the band-pass filter operation. The file must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or an absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. cutoff_freq_lo is the band-pass filter low-frequency cutoff value. Enter the value as a real or scientific notation number or as an expression that resolves to a valid number. cutoff_freq_hi is the band-pass filter high-frequency cutoff value. Enter the value as a real or scientific notation number or as an expression that resolves to a valid number. taps is the number of delay elements that composes the digital filter. The range of taps is 3 to 101. Enter the integer value as an odd number. atten is the inhibit zone attenuation factor (in db). The range of attenuation is 21 db to 100 db. Enter the integer value. Example "filtered.wfm" = bpf("sine.wfm", 3.0e6, 5.0e6, 101, 35) brf The brf statement creates a new waveform file by passing the specified waveform file through a band-rejection filter. Arguments "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the filtered waveform data. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename1" is the complete (file name and extension) name of the source file for the band-pass filter operation. The file must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. cutoff_freq_lo is the band-reject filter low-frequency cutoff value. Enter the value as a real or scientific notation number or as an expression that resolves to a valid number. cutoff_freq_hi is the band-reject filter high-frequency cutoff value. Enter the value as a real or scientific notation number or as an expression that resolves to a valid number. taps is the number of delay elements that composes the digital filter. The range of taps is 3 to 101. Enter the integer value as an odd number. atten is the inhibit zone attenuation factor (in db). The range of attenuation is 21 db to 100 db. Enter the integer value. Example "filtered.wfm" = brf("sine.wfm", 3.0e6, 5.0e6, 101, 45) 144 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

155 Waveform functions code The code statement executes code conversion from a source waveform containing digital or analog information to another digital waveform. For example, it converts a file to one of several digital formats, such as, NRZ, RZ, or Manchester codes. All marker values in the output file are set to 0. Refer to Code conversion (see page 152). Syntax Arguments Example conv "output_filename" = code("filename1", "code-conversion-table") "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the code-converted waveform data. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename1" is the complete (file name and extension) name of the source file for the code conversion operation. The file is 0 1 pattern data. If the file is an analog waveform file, this function reads as 1 if the data value is equal to or larger than 0.5, and 0 if the value is less than 0.5. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "code-conversion-table" is the text file containing a code conversion table in text form. Use the files that are saved with the Code Conversion table in the waveform or pattern editor. You can also create those text files, each line of which is composed of the following five fields delimited by comma (,): Past source, Current source, Next source, Past output, Output code Refer to Code Conversion (see page 152). "C1.wfm" = code("c0.wfm", "nrz.txt") The conv statement executes convolution between the waveform data of two specified files. All marker values in the output file are set to 0. Refer to Convolution (see page 158) for additional information. Syntax Arguments Example copy "output_filename" = conv("filename1", "filename2") "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the resultant convolution waveform. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename1" and "filename2" are the complete (file name and extension) names of the source files for the convolution operation. Both files must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose each file name within double quotation marks. "newsine.wfm" = conv("sine.wfm", "sine2x.wfm") The copy statement copies the specified file name to a new file name and/or location on the current drive. Syntax Arguments Example copy("source_file", "target_file") "source_file" is the complete file name (path, file name and extension) to the file that you want to copy. The file must be located on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "target_file" is the complete file name (path, file name and extension) to the location to which you are copying the source file. The target file must be located on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. copy("sine.wfm", "/test_dir/sine2.wfm") AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 145

156 Waveform functions corr The corr statement executes correlation between the waveform data of two specified files. All marker values in the output file are set to 0. There are no restrictions on the data lengths of the two waveforms. Refer to Correlation (see page 150) for more information. Syntax Arguments Example data "output_filename" = corr("filename1", "filename2") "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the resultant correlation waveform. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename1" and "filename2" are the complete (file name and extension) names of the files on which you are performing the correlation. Both files must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose each file name within double quotation marks. "newsine.wfm" = conv("sine.wfm", "sine2x.wfm") The data statement writes the defined data points to the specified file. The number of <expression>s specified must equal the number of points. All marker values will be 0. At least one <expression> must be included. Syntax "output_filename" = data(data_defn, data_defn,...) Arguments "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the expanded waveform and marker data. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. data_defn is a value that defines the data point value. The first data point value starts at point 0 in the resulting waveform. You must include at least one data definition expression. Separate each definition with a comma. NOTE. Use this command to create a waveform file that does not meet the instrument waveform minimum data requirement. If you create such a file, open it in a waveform editor, and then attempt to save it, the instrument displays a dialog box asking you to correct the problem. If you attempt to load the waveform in the Setup screen, the instrument displays an error message stating that the file does not have enough data points. Example "foo.wfm" = data(1, 0,.2,.4,.5) delete The delete statement deletes the specified file name from the current drive. Syntax Arguments Example diff delete("filename") "filename" is the complete file name (path, file name and extension) to the file that you want to delete. The file must be located on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. delete("/test_dir/wvfrms/sine2x.wfm") The diff statement performs a differentiation operation on a specified file. The output file retains all marker values of the input file. Refer to Differentiation (see page 156) for information about the differentiation algorithm. Syntax "output_filename" = diff("filename") 146 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

157 Waveform functions diff Arguments Example expand "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the resultant waveform. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename" is the complete (file name and extension) name of the file on which you are performing the differentiation operation. The file must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "diffwave.wfm" = diff("log_swp.wfm") The expand statement horizontally expands (scales) the waveform and marker data of the specified waveform file and writes it to a new file. Syntax "output_filename" = expand("filename", expand_multiplier) Arguments "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the expanded waveform and marker data. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename" is the complete (file name and extension) name of the file on which you are performing the expand operation. The file must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. expand_multiplier is an integer value specifying how much to expand the waveform data. The value must be greater than one. Values less than or equal to one result in the output waveform being the same as the input waveform. Example "longswp.wfm" = expand("lin_swp.wfm", 2) extract The extract statement extracts the specified portion of a waveform file and writes it to a new file. The marker data is also extracted. Specify the start and end points to extract the data. Waveform data starts at point 0. Syntax Arguments "output_filename" = extract("filename", start_point, end_point) "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the extracted waveform and marker data. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename" is the complete (file name and extension) name of the source file for the extract operation. The file must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. start_point is the location of the first data point to extract from the input file. This is an integer value. The starting point value must be less than or equal to the ending point value or an error occurs during compilation. end_point is the location of the last data point to extract from the input file. This is an integer value. The ending point value must be greater than or equal to the starting point value or an error occurs during compilation. NOTE. Use this command to create a waveform file that does not meet the instrument waveform minimum data requirement. If you create such a file, open it in a waveform editor, and then attempt to save it, the instrument displays a dialog box asking you to correct the problem. If you attempt to load the waveform in the Setup screen, the instrument displays an error message stating that the file does not have enough data points. Example "shortsin.wfm" = extract("sine.wfm", 0, 511) AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 147

158 Waveform functions hpf The hpf statement creates a new file by passing the specified waveform file through a high-pass filter. Syntax "output_filename" = hpf("filename1", cutoff_freq, taps, atten) Arguments "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the filtered waveform data. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename1" is the complete (file name and extension) name of the source file for the high-pass filter operation. The file must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. cutoff_freq is the high-pass filter cutoff frequency. Enter the value as a real or scientific notation number or as an expression that resolves to a valid number. taps is the number of delay elements that composes the digital filter. The range of taps is 3 to 101. Enter the integer value as an odd number. atten is the inhibit zone attenuation factor, in db. The range of attenuation is 21 db to 100 db. Enter the integer value. Example "filtered.wfm" = hpf("sine.wfm", 3.25e5, 2, 25) integ The integ statement performs an integration operation on a specified file. The output file retains all marker values of the input file. Refer to Integration (see page 157) for information about the integration algorithm. Syntax Arguments Example join "output_filename" = integ("filename") "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the resultant waveform and marker data. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename" is the complete name (path, file name and extension) of the source file for the integration operation. The file must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "intwave.wfm" = integ("sineswp.wfm") The join statement joins (concatenates) two waveform files (waveform and marker data) into a single file. The clock sample rate in the first file sets the clock sample rate for the output file waveform. You can only concatenate waveform (.wfm) files. The output file retains all marker values of the input file. Marker data is embedded in the waveform data as the ninth and tenth bits in an 8-bit waveform. Syntax Arguments Example lpf "output_filename" = join("filename1", "filename2") "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the concatenated files. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename1" and "filename2" are the complete names (path, file name, and extension) of the files you are concatenating. Both files must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose each file name within double quotation marks. "newsine.wfm" = join("sine.wfm", sine2.wfm") The lpf statement creates a new file by passing the specified waveform file through a low pass filter. Syntax "output_filename" = lpf("filename1", cutoff_freq, taps, atten) 148 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

159 Waveform functions lpf Arguments "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the filtered waveform data. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename1" is the complete (file name and extension) name of the source file for the low pass filter operation. The file must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. cutoff_freq is the low pass filter cutoff frequency. Enter the integer value. taps is the number of delay elements that composes the digital filter. The range of taps is 3 to 101. You must enter the integer value as an odd number. atten is the inhibit zone attenuation factor, in db. The range of attenuation is 21 db to 100 db. Enter the integer value. Example "filtered.wfm" = lpf("sine.wfm", e2, 2, 30) norm The norm statement performs a normalization operation on a specified file waveform data. Normalization scales the waveform within a ±1.0 range, and retaining the offset. The output file retains all marker values of the input file. Syntax Arguments Example pn "output_filename" = norm("filename1") "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the resultant waveform. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "filename1" is the complete (file name and extension) name of the file on which you are performing the normalization operation. The file must be on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "intwave.wfm" = norm("sineswp.wfm") The pn statement creates a pseudo-random waveform using a shift register. You can specify the register size (1 to 32) and XOR feedback tap position. The initial values of the registers are set to one. If you omit the tap position specifier, a default maximum data length tap setting is used. Syntax "output_filename" = pn(reg_size [, tap_position...]) Arguments "output_filename" is the complete file name (file name and extension) to contain the pseudo-random waveform. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. reg_size specifies the number of registers in the pseudo-random generator. This is an integer value from 1 to 32. tap_position specifies the register positions to tap for XOR feedback to the register input. A tap does an XOR operation on the output signal and the specified register and passes the result to the next-lower tap position or the register input (register 1), whichever it encounters first. Example "random.wfm" = pn(12, 3, 6, 8) rename The rename statement renames the specified file name to a new file name and/or location on the current Syntax rename("source_file", "target_file") AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 149

160 xxx Correlation rename Arguments Example write "source_file" is the complete file name (path, file name and extension) to the file that you want to rename. The file must be located on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. "target_file" is the complete file name (path, file name and extension) to the location to which you are renaming the source file. The target file must be located on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name within double quotation marks. rename("/test_dir/sine.wfm", "/test_dir/old_sine.wfm") The write statement writes the specified text to a new file name and/or location on the current drive. If an output file already exists, the source file contents are appended to the end of the existing file. Syntax write("output_filename", "text" [,"text"...]) Arguments Example "output_filename" is the complete file name (path, file name, and extension) to the file that you want to write. The file must be located on the active drive. The argument can include a relative or absolute path name. Enclose the file name in double quotation marks. "text" is the text string enclosed in double quotation marks. If you need to use a double quotation mark as part of the text, precede each double quotation character with a slash character (\). For example: This function writes a text to a \"ABC.TXT\" in text form." In a similar way, the following codes can be used in text strings: \n LF \r CR \t Tab \\ Backslash \ Double-quote write("sine.wfm", "This is a comment line.") Correlation The operation expressed by the following equation is called correlation. With respect to a discrete system, correlation y(n) of a certain waveform x(n) and a second one h(i) is expressed by the following equation. Nisthe number of items of data. Periodic Periodic enables you to specify whether the two-waveforms must be regarded as periodic during calculation. Below is an example showing differences between non-periodic and periodic waveforms. Waveform A = a0, a1, a2, a3, a4 (5 points) Waveform B = b0, b1, b2 (3 points) 150 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

161 xxx xxx xxx Correlation For non-periodic case: <A,B> = a0b2, a0b1+a1b2, a0b0+a1b1+a2b2, a1b0+a2b1+a3b2, a2b0+a3b1+a4b2, a3b0+a4b1, a4b0, 0, (8 points) The data length of the waveform created is the total of the number of points of the two-waveform files. For periodic case: AxB = a0b0+a1b1+a2b2, a1b0+a2b1+a3b2, a2b0+a3b1+a4b2, a3b0+a4b1+a0b2, a4b0+a0b1+a1b2, (5 points) Waveforms A and B are regarded as periodic during calculation. The count of the operation of the sum of the products is equivalent to the length of the shorter waveform. The resulting cycle of the waveform equals the same as the longer waveform. The actual output segment of the waveform corresponds to one cycle. The starting point value of the waveform equals the sum of products that is obtained with the starting point values of waveforms A and B added. Unlike convolution, the result of A B and B A are different in correlation. B A is calculated as follows: For non-periodic case: BxA = b0a4, b0a3+b1a4, b0a2+b1a3+b2a4, b0a1+b1a2+b2a3, b0a0+b1a1+b2a2, b1a0+b2a1, b2a0, 0, (8 points) For periodic case: AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 151

162 xxx xxx Code conversion BxA = b0a0+b1a1+b2a2, b0a4+b1a0+b2a1, b0a3+b1a4+b2a0, b0a2+b1a3+b2a4, b0a1+b1a2+b2a3, (5 points) Code conversion You can select the coding system to use when outputting pattern strings. If the code is affected by the immediately preceding data, the data item just before the first item of data will be calculated as 0. The following tables show the coding systems. Using the code conversion table, the bit pattern can be converted to another code. The following figure shows an image of how the code conversion table is used. This part inputs the binary bit pattern and converts the transition from 1 to 0 or 0 to 1 to a series of positive and negative pulses. The following table lists the available code conversion types: Code conversion NRZ NRZI Description Converts a transition from 0 to 1 to a positive pulse, and from 1 to 0 to a negative pulse. This conversion considers the input data as representing a direction of magnetization. Generates a pulse when the input data is 1. The first pulse is always positive, and after this, the pulse polarity toggles for every input data value of 1. This conversion considers the input data as representing the disk writing data. 152 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

163 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Code conversion Examples In following examples, data bits to be written in the tables are introduced. And input and output data bit pattern example is following each table. Inverting bit of the NRZ data. Past Current Next P.OUT Output code Example Input Output Converting NRZ data to NRZI. Past Current Next P.OUT Output code Example Input Output Converting NRZ data to NRZI-2. Two bit are generated for each input bit. Past Current Next P.OUT Output code Example Input Output Converting NRZ data to FM. Two bit are generated for each input bit. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 153

164 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx Code conversion Past Current Next P.OUT Output code Example Input Output Converting NRZ data to BI-PHASE. Two bit are generated for each input bit. Past Current Next P.OUT Output code Example Input Output Converting NRZ data to RZ. Two bit are generated for each input bit. Past Current Next P.OUT Output code Example Input Output Output bit is always set to 1 when input bit changes from 1 to 0 or 0 to 1. Past Current Next P.OUT Output code AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

165 xxx xxx xxx Code conversion Example Input Output Converting NRZ data to 1-7 RLL (Run-length Limited Codes). Past Current Next P.OUT Output code Example Input Output Code Conversion Table Text Files The code conversion table is only a text file. You can create the code conversion tables using a text editor on your PC or other computer. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 155

166 xxx Differentiation The format is in the form of <past>,<current>,<next>,<past.out>,<output>. nrz.txt nrzi.txt nrzi-2.txt,0,,,1,1,,,0,1,,0,1,1,,1,0,0,,0,0, 0,,1,1,1,,0,01,1,,1,10,0,,0,00,0,,1,11 fm.txt bi phase.txt rz.txt,0,,0,11,0,,1,00,0,,,01, 1,,,10,0,,,00, 1,,,10,1,,0,10,1,,1,01 custom.txt 1 7rill.txt 0,1,,,1 1,0,,,1,1,,,0,0,,,0,0000,,1,100000,0000,,0,011111,0001,,00,111111,0001,,01,111111,0001,,10,000000,0001,,11,000000,0010,,01,111110,0010,,10,000001,0010,,00,111110,0010,,11,000001,0011,,1,100001,0011,,0,011110,01,,1,100,01,,0,011,10,,01,111,10,,10,000,10,,00,111,10,,11,000,11,,01,110,11,,10,001,11,,00,110,11,,11,001,0,,,0,1,,,1 Differentiation The diff( function calculates the central deviation as the differential value. The equation below expresses the central deviation when the function f(x) is given at even intervals of Δx. 156 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

167 Integration In actual practice, when function f(x)is expressed by n values, the differential value f (x i) at point x i is given by the following equation: Here, n is the number of waveform points and i is an integer in the range, i=1, 2,..., n. The Thevaluesatthefirst and last points are obtained from the following equations rather than from the center deviation: First point Last point Integration The integ function integrates numerically based on a trapezoidal formula. The trapezoidal formula is expressed with the following equation: AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 157

168 Convolution Here, n is the number of waveform points and i is an integer in the range i = 1, 2,..., n. The integration is actually calculated with the following formula: However, the imaginary initial value f(x0) always takes a value of 0. Convolution The operation expressed by the following equation is called convolution. With respect to a discrete system, convolution y(n) of a certain waveform x(n) and a second one h(i) is expressed by the following equation. N is the number of items of data. 158 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

169 xxx xxx Math functions Periodic Periodic enables you to specify whether the two-waveforms must be regarded as periodic during calculation. Below is an example showing differences between non-periodic and periodic waveforms. Waveform A = a0, a1, a2, a3, a4 (5 points) Waveform B = b0, b1, b2 (3 points) For non-periodic case: <A,B> = a0b0, a0b1+a1b0, a0b2+a1b1+a2b0, a1b2+a2b1+a3b0, a2b2+a3b1+a4b0, a3b2+a4b1, a4b2, 0, (8 points) The data length of the waveform created is the total of the number of points of the two-waveform files. For periodic case: AxB = a0b2+a1b1+a2b0, a1b2+a2b1+a3b0, a2b2+a3b1+a4b0, a3b2+a4b1+a0b0, a4b2+a0b1+a1b0, (5 points) Waveforms A and B are regarded as periodic during calculation. The count of the operation of the sum of the products is equivalent to the length of the shorter waveform. The resulting cycle of the waveform equals the same as the longer waveform. The actual output segment of the waveform corresponds to one cycle. The starting point value of the waveform equals the sum of products that is obtained with the starting point values of waveforms A and B added. Math functions The following table lists the programming language math functions that you can use as part of a waveform equation expression. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 159

170 Math functions Item abs( acos( and asin( atan( ceil( cos( cosh( exp( floor( Description Absolute value of a Arc cosine of a Logical AND Arc sine of a Arc tangent of a Minimum integer greater than or equal to a Cosine of a Hyperbolic cosine of a Exponential function of base of natural logarithm for a Maximum integer less than or equal to a int( Truncation (Same as floor(a) if a >= 0; same as ceil(a) if a < 0) log( log10( max( min( Natural logarithm of a Base 10 logarithm of a Returns larger (maximum) value of a and b Returns smaller (minimum) value of a and b noise( Generates pseudo Gaussian distribution white noise signal with a standard deviation (= RMS) of 1 or Logical OR pow( Exponentiation (bth power of a, or a^b) A negative value may be specified for a only if b is an integer. Otherwise, NaN will result. The pow function returns one of the following values: If b = 0: Always 1 If b 0anda=0: Always0 If b 0 and a < 0 and b is a positive integer: axb If b 0 and a < 0 and b is a negative integer: Reciprocal of ax(-b) If b 0 and a < 0, NaN (Not a Number) rnd( Returns a random number in the 0 to 1 range. Generated base seed = (253 x seed + 1)% , return seed/ Seed is a 32-bit unsigned integer. round( Rounds off the value of a to an integer saw( Saw tooth wave with a cycle of 2π and an amplitude ±1. If a = 2π, 0,2π, 4π, or6π, etc., the value is 1. The value approaches 1 at points immediately before these. (This function will not take the value 1.0.) sinc( Same as sin(a)/a, except that 1 results if a=0 sign( Sign of a (1 if a > 0; 1 if a < 0; 0 if a = 0) sin( Sine value of a sinh( Hyperbolic sine value of a 160 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

171 xxx Math operators Item Description sqr( Rectangular wave with a cycle of 2π and an amplitude ±1. If k is even: Fora=kπ to (k+1)π, sqr returns -1, except +1.0 when a equals (k+1)π. If k is odd: Fora=kπ to (k+1)π, sqr returns +1, except -1.0 when a = (k+1)π. sqrt( Square root value of a srnd( Sets the random number generator seed value. Seed is 0 to Default value is 0. tan( Tangent value of a tanh( Hyperbolic tangent value of a tri( Triangular wave with a cycle of 2π and an amplitude ±1. If a = 0, the value is 0. If a = 0.5π, itis1.0. If a = π, itis0.0. If a = 1.5π, it is 1. Math operators The following tables lists the programming language math operators that you can use as part of waveform equation expressions. Item Description Unary operations Inverts the sign. + No effect Binary operations + Addition Subtraction * Multiplication / Division ^ Exponentiation Binary relational operations = If both side values are equal, 1 results. Otherwise 0 results. <> If both side values are not equal, 1 results. Otherwise 0 results. > If the left side value is larger than the right side value, 1 results. Otherwise 0 results. >= If the left side value is larger than or equal to the right side value, 1 results. Otherwise 0 results. < If the left side value is smaller than the right side value, 1 results. Otherwise 0 results. <= If the left side value is smaller than or equal to the right side value, 1 results. Otherwise 0 results. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 161

172 xxx xxx xxx Equation examples Binary conditional operators and If both side values are not 0, 1 results. Otherwise 0 results. or If both side values are 0, 0 results. Otherwise 1results. The operator priorities are as follows, starting with higher priority at the top of the list. Operators on the same line have equal priority. ^ (unary), + (unary) *, / =, <>, >, >=, <, <= and, or Equation examples This section provides example equations to help illustrate using the equation editor. The equations can be copied and pasted into the equation editor to generate the described waveforms. Example 1 (see page 162) Example 2 (see page 163) Example 3 (see page 165) Example 4 (see page 165) Example 5 (see page 168) Example 6 (see page 169) Describes how to create a square wave with two markers. Describes how to create a waveform file. Describes how to use 'for' loop and 'if' conditional branch statements. Describes how to put comments, and how to create sequence file. Describes how to use marker data and how to use the binary relational operations in the assignment statement. Describes how to handle specific point data in the waveform file using the extract(), join() and integ() function, and also the for and if statements. Example 1 This example creates a square wave with two markers. clock = 10e9 'Recommended sample rate size = 2400 "Square2pt5"=sqr(2.5 * 2 * pi * scale) * -1 "Square2pt5".Marker1 = (point= 480) "Square2pt5".Marker1 = "Square2pt5".Marker1 + (point= 960) "Square2pt5".Marker2 = (point <= 5) 162 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

173 Equation examples This example shows 3 basic statement components: Left Hand Side (LHS) assignment, Right Hand Side(RHS), and clockas a variable. The first line sets the recommended sample rate to 10 GS along with a comment. The sample rate is added to the properties of the waveform. The second line assigns the reserved keyword size to be The third line generates the waveform. The fourth line modifies marker1. The keyword point refers to the current data point being evaluated, one of the 2400 points of the waveform, being processed. The first = is the assignment. The next = is treated as == or isequal. When marker1 is being processed, the point=480 is evaluated. For data point 0 to 479 the test will return a 0. For data point 480, the test will return a 1. For the rest of the data points, the test will be 0. The fifth line modifies (adds to) marker1 with another pulse at 960. The 6th line creates a pulse of 6 points starting at 0 (the beginning of marker2). Every data point from 0 to 5istrue(1)andisassignedtomarker2. The following figure shows the waveform generated by the above example. Example 2 This example creates three waveform files: a.wfm, b.wfm, and c.wfm. size = 2000 "a.wfm" = cos (2 * pi * scale) size = 1512 "b.wfm" = cos (2 * pi * scale) "c.wfm" = "a.wfm" * "b.wfm" The first and third lines define the waveform record length (in points). You can change the record length any time within an equation; all created files use the last-set size value. When you do not define the waveform record length, the instrument uses the default length of AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 163

174 Equation examples The second line generates the waveform a.wfm with 2000 data points. The scale is the system-used variable to fit the generated waveform within the ±1.0 vertical scale range. The waveforms b.wfm and c.wfm have point sizes of Waveform c.wfm is generated by multiplying the a.wfm and b.wfm waveforms. When you perform the operation between the waveforms which have different point sizes, the lowest point size among them is used. Therefore the c.wfm will have the point size of The following figures shows the waveforms generated by the above example. 164 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

175 Equation examples Example 3 This example demonstrates using the for and if statements. num = 30 for i = 1 to num if i = 1 then "t.wfm"=cos(2*pi*scale) else "t.wfm"="t.wfm"+cos(2*pi*i*scale) endif next "t.wfm"="t.wfm"/num Num and i are user-defined variables. I is used as part of the for loop parameter. The statements placed between the for and next keywords repeat 30 times while the i increments by 1 for each loop. The conditional branch statement must start with the if keyword and end with the endif keyword. In this example, if i = 1, the equation creates the waveform t.wfm. When i 1, the newly created waveform and the one created in the previous loop are added, and the result is stored in the waveform t.wfm. The resultant waveform is then normalized. The following figure shows the waveform generated by the previous example: Example 4 The following example creates one sequence file and four waveforms. delete("test.seq") size=1000 clock=1e9 num=4 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 165

176 Equation examples 'write sequence file header write("test.seq","magic 3002\n") write("test.seq","lines ":num:"\n") for i = 1 to num next 'create a waveform file "test":i:".wfm" = sin(2 * pi * i * scale) 'add line to sequence file rep = num * I write("test.seq","\"test":i:".wfm\",\"\",":rep:"\n") The first line deletes the sequence file named test.seq. This is the name of the sequence file that will be created by the example. We want to ensure the file does not already exist. If the file does not exist, the command is ignored. Thesizeandclockkeywordsarethesystemvaluablesrepresenting the waveform record length, in points, and the sampling clock frequency. They are set to 1000 points and 1.0 GS/s in this example. The comment text on line 5 starts with a single quotation (') character. Comment text is effective until the end of the line containing the single quote character. The write command writes the specified text to the specified file. If the file being written to exists, the write command appends the specified string to the end of the file. The firstargumentisthefile name. The second argument and subsequent arguments are strings which are written to the file. The string must be enclosed in double quotation marks. To use a variable as a string, you must place the colon (:) before and after the variable. For example: "test":i:".wfm" In the above example, if the variable i is currently 4, the value of the string will be text4.wfm. The slash is used as an escape character, and precedes the double quotation marks in a string. The \n inserts an end of line (EOL) character in the file. The sequence file is a text file which has the number 3002 on the first line of the text and the number of lines (for example LINES 4) on the second line. The following figures show the four waveforms generatedbythisexampleandthesequencefile. 166 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

177 Equation examples AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 167

178 Equation examples Example 5 This example shows how to use Boolean relational operations between a waveform and its marker data. "MOD.wfm" = sin (2 * pi * scale) "MOD01.wfm" = "MOD.wfm" "MOD01.wfm".marker1 = "MOD01.wfm" >= 0.5 "MOD01.wfm".marker2 = "MOD01.wfm" <= -0.5 "MOD02.wfm" = ("MOD01.wfm".marker1 = "MOD01.wfm".marker2) / 2 The Boolean relational operation results in 1 if the condition is true, and 0 if the condition is false. Therefore the MOD01.wfm marker1 signal is 1 if the waveform data is greater than or equal to 0.5, and 0 for all other values. Likewise, the marker2 signal is 1 if the waveform data is less than or equal to 0.5, and 0 for all other values. The Boolean relational operation results in 1 if the condition is true, and 0 if the condition is false. Therefore the MOD01.wfm marker1 signal is 1 if the waveform data is greater than or equal to 0.5, and 0 for all other values. Likewise, the marker2 signal is 1 if the waveform data is less than or equal to 0.5, and 0 for all other values. The results are shown in the following figures: 168 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

179 Equation examples Example 6 This example applies a 7-point smoothing operation to a noise waveform. The equation uses the extract(), integ() and join() functions, and also for and if control statements. Although you do not have any other method to perform smoothing with the instrument, this is not a preferable way to apply a smoothing operation. Refer to this example for learning how to use these functions and control statements. You can change the number of smoothing points by changing the value of the variable nump. The greater the value of nump, the faster the instrument can finish the compile. ' Simple smoothing (7 points) nump = 7 extp = nump - 1 nsht = extp / 2 size = 960 "NOISE.wfm" = noise() "NOISE.wfm" = norm("noise.wfm") cc = 1 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 169

180 Equation examples for i = nsht to (size - nsht -1) step 1 next sp = i - nsht ep = i + nsht "TEMP1.wfm" = extract("noise.wfm", sp, ep) "TEMP1.wfm" = integ("temp1.wfm") "TEMP2.wfm" = extract("temp1.wfm", extp, extp) "TEMP2.wfm" = "TEMP2.wfm" / nump if cc = 1 then "SMOOTH.wfm" = "TEMP2.wfm" else "SMOOTH.wfm" = join("smooth.wfm", "TEMP2.wfm") endif cc = cc + 1 delete("temp1.wfm") delete("temp2.wfm") In this example, the following occures: The noise() function generates a noise waveform into the file NOISE.wfm, in which the waveform data are normalized using the norm() function. The extract() function extracts the data sp through ep and stores them into the file TEPM1.wfm. The integ() function integrates the 7-point data. The data of last point is the amount of 7-point data. This last data is divided by 7 and concatenated to the file SMOOTH.wfm. The for statement shifts the points to be read by one point for each loop and repeats these procedures. The temporary files are deleted. The following figure shows the noise waveforms before (upper) and after (lower) 7-point smoothing. 170 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

181 Table editor Table editor The Table Editor plug-in allows you to display any waveform s sample points in table format. Using the table, you can then directly modify any sample point of the waveform, including marker data. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 171

182 Table editor The table is able to display up to 2 G samples at a time. If viewing waveforms larger than this, once you reach the end of the table, a navigation bar is displayed to load the next 2 G of sample points. This continues until you reach the final sample point of the waveform. In the partial view below, we ve reached the end of the table, and we need to click on the navigation bar to load the next set of samples. A similar navigation bar appears at the top of the table bar to go back to previous samples. Toolbar operations The tool bars in the table editor provides several functions. 172 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

183 xxx Table editor TheFiledrop-down list contains the following menu selections. New...: Displays the New Waveform dialog screen to create a new waveform. See New Waveform (see page 174) for details about the waveform creation parameters. Open...: Displays a windows directory. Use the Windows directory to navigate to a saved waveform files or sequence files. You can select multiple files and all waveforms are added to the Waveforms list. Opening a sequence file displays a window of all waveforms included within the sequence. Choose any or all waveforms. The selected waveforms are added to the Waveforms list. (The sequence is not added to the Sequences list.) Recent: Displays the list of waveforms that have been opened in the Table Editor during the current session. The waveform must be available in the Waveforms list. Save: Opens a Windows navigation screen to allow you to name (or rename) and save the waveform currently in the Table Editor to the hard drive or any available devices. Save As: Saves the opened sequence as a new waveform with a new name. Properties: Displays the properties of the opened waveform. Copy icon: Copies the selected cells in the Table Editor to the clipboard. Paste-replace icon: Pastes the data from the copy clipboard to the table. Paste from this menu always rights over the existing data in the cell. The data being pasted must match the data type for the cells. For example, you can not paste marker data into a waveform data cell. You can also paste data from an Excel spreadsheet, replacing data in any number of cells (rows). Insert row icon: Use this to insert a new row into the Table Editor. The row is inserted above the currently selected row and the values are set to zero. The Display Preferences button displays a dialog screen to set the following: Data: View the waveform data as either Normalized or in Volts. When volts is selected, you must select which channel to use as the amplitude reference. Points: Select to view the waveform sample points as sample number or seconds. Show Analog: Enable or disable viewing the Data column. Show Marker 1: Enable or disable viewing the Marker 1 column. Show Marker 2: Enable or disable viewing the Marker 2 column. TheGoToRowletsyoujumpdirectlytoarowwithinthewaveformtoview and edit the row. Right-click menu operations The table editor window provides many additional editing operations with the right-click menus available within the various columns of the table editor. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 173

184 xxx Table editor Samples column Insert Row: Inserts one new row above the currently selected sample row. The data and marker values are set to 0. Insert Rows...: Displays a pop-up window to enter multiple rows. The rows are inserted above the currently selected row. The data and marker values are set to 0. Delete Row: Deletes the currently selected row. Delete Rows...: Displays a pop-up window to enter a range of rows to delete. Data column Markers column Cut: Cuts the selection and places it in the clipboard. You can cut and paste from one waveform to another. Copy: Copies the selection and places it in the clipboard. You can copy and paste from one waveform to another. Paste - Insert: Inserts the clipboard contents into the table, creating a new sample point above the current selected cell/row. Other columns will have data cells added to the end, keeping all column length even. Paste - Replace: Inserts the clipboard contents into the selected cell. Insert: Inserts a new cell to the column, above the currently selected cell. Other columns will have data cells added (0 value) to the end, keeping all column length even. Delete: Deletes the currently selected cell. The column will have a data cell added (0 value) to the end. Set to 0: Sets the value to 0. The Data column splits into two data columns (I Data and Q Data) when viewing an IQ waveform. Same functions as the Data column except for the Set to 1 selection. Markers can only be set to 0 or 1. New Waveform Selecting New... from the Table Editor File menu displays the New Waveform dialog screen. The new waveforms created have the waveform data and marker values set to zero. 174 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

185 xxx Precompensation plug-in Name Length Signal Format Use Settings From Enter a name for the waveform. If the name already exists in the Waveforms list, the name is appended with an underscore suffix suchas Waveform_1. Enter the number of sample points. The minimum and maximum number of points is dependent on the instrument model. Select Real to describe the waveform as an RF type waveform. Select IQ to describe the waveform as IQ data. When selecting IQ, both an I and Q waveform is created. Specify the channel to use as the settings source. When waveform is created, it is placed in the Waveform List, but is not saved to the hard drive. To save to the hard drive, save the waveform from the Waveform List. Precompensation plug-in The Precompensation tab allows you to create correction files to be used with a waveform file. NOTE. The Precompensation tab only appears if the Precompensation plug-in is installed. To use the plug-in, it must be licensed. Refer to Licensing (see page 209). AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 175

186 xxx Waveform specifications and notes The Precompensation tab has its own user manual (and is not described here). Press the help button on the Precompensation tab to access its user manual. Waveform specifications and notes This section contains information about waveform characteristics and minimum requirements when importing. These characteristics and requirements also apply to waveforms imported with a sequence. Table 7: Item Granularity Minimum length Maximum length Number of bits Description AWG70001A: 2 points AWG70002A: 1 point If the waveform does not meet the granularity requirement, the waveform cannot be loaded if the set Run mode requires a trigger event. AWG70001A: 4800 points AWG70002A: 2400 points If the waveform does not meet the minimum length requirement, the waveform cannot be loaded if the set Run mode requires a trigger event. AWG70001A: 2G,16Gwithoption01 At sampling rates above 25 GS/s, the instrument interleaves and waveforms of up to 16 GSamples are supported (with the extended memory option). At sampling rates at or below 25 GS/s, waveforms up to 8 GSamples are supported (with the extended memory option). AWG70002A: 2 G, 8 G with option 01, per channel In 10-bit mode, all 10 bits are used for the analog waveform and marker outputs are not available. In 9-bit mode, one marker (M1) is available, and 9 bits are used for the analog waveform. In 8-bit mode, both markers (M1 and M2) are available, and 8 bits are used for the analog waveform. File formats (creating) This section provides information about the formatting of certain file formats to aid in the construction of thesetypesoffiles, externally. Information about these three files types is provided. 176 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

187 xxx Sequence file format (.seq) File suffix Description.seq Sequence files (.seq file format) (see page 177).wfmx Waveform files (see page 179) (.wfmx native file format).mat Waveform files usingmatlab(see page 184) Sequence file format (.seq) Tektronix AWG70000 series instruments can read sequence files created with other Tektronix AWGs (such as the AWG400, 700 series). These instruments produced files using the.seq file extension and were ASCII files. Being a simple ASCII file, you can create these types of sequence files on a PC or other computer with an ASCII text editor. The sequence file must conform to the format described below. NOTE. Waveform files referenced in the sequence file must reside in the same directory location as the sequence file. The ASCII file must follow this format: MAGIC 3002 LINES <number> <line description> <line description> <line description> TABLE_JUMP 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 LOGIC_JUMP -1,-1,-1,-1 JUMP_MODE LOGIC JUMP_TIMING ASYNC STROBE 0 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 177

188 Sequence file format (.seq) where Header Sequence definition <Ch1_file_name>,<Ch2_file_name>, <ChX_file_name>,<Repeat_Count>[,<F1>[,<F2>[,<F3> [,<F13>] <Line Description> <ChX_file_name> <Repeat_Count> <F1> <F2> <F3> <F4> <F5> contains MAGIC<space>300x<CR><LF> X = 1 8 represents the number of tracks for which sequences are defined in the file. LINES<space><N><Line(1)><Line(2)> <Line(N)> <N> is the number of lines (or steps) that follow. <string> is the waveform or pattern file name for the specified channel. All channels must be present. <NR1> is the repeat count for the line. 0=Infinity 1 to for repeat count <Wait_Trigger> = <NR1> specifies whether or not to wait for a trigger. 0=Off 1 = Trigger A 2 = Trigger B 3 = Internal Trigger <Goto-1> = <NR1> specifies whether or not to go to the next line. 0=Off 1=On <Logic_jump_target> = <NR1> is the line number for the Logic-Jump 0=Off -1 = Next -2 = Table Jump 1to65535 = Line number <Goto N> = <NR1> is the jump to line N value <Event_Input> = <NR1> specifies the event input 0 = Off (will overrule the Logic_jump_target if selected) 1 = Trigger A 2=Trigger B 3 = Internal Trigger 178 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

189 xxx Waveform file format (.wfmx) where <F6> <F13> Optional Information <Jump_mode> <Jump_timing> <Strobe> contains Channel Flags <Ch1_Flags> = <string> specifies, in 4 character blocks, channel flag values. Four flag values are specified per flag group Flag A, Flag B, Flag C, and Flag D. Each flag can have one of five values: N = No Change H=High L = Low T = Toggle P = Pulse Example Flag usage: <F6/Ch1_Flags> = TLHP <F7/Ch2_Flags> = LNPN This will set Channel 1 flags to Toggle, Low, High, and Pulse respectively. The next field will set Channel 2 flags to Low, No Change, Pulse, and No Change respectively. {<Table_jump_table> <Logic_jump_table> <Jump_mode> <Jump_timing> <Strobe>} TABLE_JUMP<space><Jump_target(1)>,<Jump_target(2)>,...<Jump_target(n)><CR><LF> <Jump_target(n)> = <NR1> is the line number to the Table-Jump or 0 (Off). The default is Off. <Table_jump_table> <Logic_jump_table> LOGIC_JUMP<space><Jump_on/off(1)>,<Jump_on/off(2)>,<Jump_on/off(3)>,<Jump_on/off- (4)><LF> <Jump_on/off(n)> = <NR1> sets the Logic-Jump on oroff. <NR1> = 0 is Off, 0> is On, and <0 is Ignore. The default is Ignore. JUMP_MODE<space>{LOGIC TABLE SOFTWARE}<CR><LF> sets the jump mode. The default is TABLE. JUMP_TIMING<space>{SYNC ASYNC}<CR><LF> sets the jump mode. The default is ASYNC. STROBE<space><NR1><CR><LF> determines whether or not to use the STROBE signal from the EVENT IN connector on the rear panel. <NR1>=0 is Off, 0 ison. The default is Off. Waveform file format (.wfmx) The waveform file format (.wfmx) contains all the primary and auxiliary data associated with the waveform data required (for both the hardware and software). The file is a binary XML file containing the metadata information and the waveform sample data. The XML file type is particularly useful with its expandable nature and quick parsing. Some instruments/applications tag their waveforms with Amplitude and Offset values used to acquire the waveform. The AWG70000 series allow you to specify the amplitude and offset values to use when playing that waveform. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 179

190 Waveform file format (.wfmx) Primary requirements The waveform file contains the following information: Marker data Waveform data Recommended playback parameters including recommended sample rate Amplitude and offset Waveform sample data The waveform data can consist of the following types of data: Samples consisting of single precision float data + 1 byte of marker data. Samplesconsistingofcomplex(IandQ)data+1byteofmarkerdata. Waveform metadata elements Element Description Req. Opt. DataFile version DataDescription SamplesType NumberSamples MarkersIncluded NumberFormat The version that waveform was created under. Currently, the proper format for.wfmx files is version 0.2. This parameter is contained within the DataFile element with a tag of "version". Proper usage example: <DataFile version="0.2"> The number of samples contained in the waveform (length). It is a "long" integer value, no decimals. Proper usage example: <NumberSamples>4800</NumberSamples> Helps to determine what type of samples are being held within the file. The only valid type at this time is AWGWaveformSample. Proper usage example: <SamplesType>AWGWaveformSample</SamplesType> Defaults to AWGWaveformSample. Helps determine if markers are included in the data file or not. It is a boolean value only "true" and "false" are valid values. Proper usage example: <MarkersIncluded>true</MarkersIncluded> Helps determine how each sample should be interpreted. This value is "Single". Proper usage example: <NumberFormat>Single</NumberFormat> X X X X X 180 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

191 Waveform file format (.wfmx) Element Description Req. Opt. Endian Timestamp ProductSpecific RecAmplitude RecOffset RecFrequency SerialNumber RecSamplingRate SoftwareVersion Helps determine how each sample should be interpreted. The allowed values are "Little" or "Big". Proper usage example: <Endian>Little</Endian> Defaults to "Little". A guide for when the waveform was last saved. The element uses Microsoft's standard date and time formatting. Proper usage example: <Timestamp> T13:36: :00</Timestamp> Indicates the ideal sample rate during playback of the stored waveform. If the system setting is enabled to apply recommended settings upon channel assignment, then the recommended sample rate will be applied to the system clock. Proper usage example: <RecSamplingRate units="hz"> </recsamplingrate> Indicates the ideal amplitude during playback of the stored waveform. If the system setting is enabled to apply recommended settings upon channel assignment, and if the instrument is capable of setting the amplitude, then the recommended amplitude will be applied to the assigned channel. Proper usage example: <RecAmplitude units="volts">1</recamplitude> Indicates the ideal offset during playback of the stored waveform. If the system setting is enabled to apply recommended settings upon channel assignment, and if the instrument is capable of setting an offset, then the recommended offset will be applied to the assigned channel. Proper usage example: <RecOffset units="volts">1</recoffset> Indicates the ideal frequency during playback of the stored IQ waveform. This field is only relevant for waveforms with a Signal Format of IQ. Proper usage example: <RecFrequency units="hz"> </recfrequency> Indicates the serial number of the instrument that this waveform was saved from. It is only for archival purposes and does not affect software behavior. Proper usage example: <SerialNumber>B </SerialNumber> Indicates the software version that this waveform was saved from. It is only for archival purposes and does not affect software behavior. Proper usage example: <SoftwareVersion> </SoftwareVersion> X X X X X X X X AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 181

192 xxx Waveform file format (.wfmx) Element Description Req. Opt. UserNotes OriginalBit- Depth SignalFormat CreatorProperties name This parameter is not being used or populated. There is no location within the software that displays user modifiable notes. However, if the user would like to store information in this parameter, it will be imported. Proper usage example: <UserNotes>My notes go here</usernotes> Indicates the original bit depth of the waveform. For example if the waveform was originally intended to be used as a 10 bit file, it may contain the value "TenBit". If this waveform was originally a floating point value waveform the value might be "Floating". Valid values are: EightBit, NineBit, TenBit, TwelveBit, ThirteenBit, FourteenBit, FifteenBit, SixteenBit, and Floating. Proper usage example: <OriginalBitDepth>Floating</OriginalBitDepth> Defaults to "Floating". Indicates whether the samples in the file are Real (standard) or Complex (IQ). Valid values are: Real, I, Q, and IQ. Proper usage example: <SignalFormat>Real</SignalFormat> Defaults to "Real". This field is primarily meant to populate fields in the Plug-in editors. This field it typically empty. Proper usage example: <CreatorProperties name="" /> X X X X Waveform metadata examples Example 1. The following is an example of the minimum requirements for the waveform metadata section in a.wfmx file. 182 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

193 xxx Waveform file format (.wfmx) <DataFile version="0.2"> <DataSetsCollection> <DataSets version="1"> <DataDescription> <NumberSamples>4800</NumberSamples> <MarkersIncluded>true</MarkersIncluded> <NumberFormat>Single</NumberFormat> </DataDescription> <ProductSpecific name=""> <CreatorProperties name="" /> </ProductSpecific> </DataSets> </DataSetsCollection> <Setup /> </DataFile> Example 2. The following is an example of a typical metadata section, including optional parameters, for a waveform metadata section in a.wfmx file. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 183

194 xxx MATLAB waveform file format <DataFile offset=" " version="0.2"> <DataSetsCollection> <DataSets version="1"> <DataDescription> <NumberSamples>4800</NumberSamples> <SamplesType>AWGWaveformSample</SamplesType> <MarkersIncluded>true</MarkersIncluded> <NumberFormat>Single</NumberFormat> <Endian>Little</Endian> <Timestamp> T13:36: :00</Timestamp> </DataDescription> <ProductSpecific name=""> <RecSamplingRate units="hz"> </recsamplingrate> <RecAmplitude units="volts">1</recamplitude> <RecOffset units="volts">1</recoffset> <RecFrequency units="hz"> </recfrequency> <SerialNumber /> <SoftwareVersion> </SoftwareVersion> <UserNotes /> <OriginalBitDepth>Invalid</OriginalBitDepth> <Thumbnail /> <SignalFormat>Real</SignalFormat> <CreatorProperties name="" /> </ProductSpecific> </DataSets> </DataSetsCollection> <Setup /> </DataFile> MATLAB waveform file format Tektronix AWG70000 series instruments can read waveform files created with MATLAB (.MAT), a third party software application. MATLAB files can contain multiple waveform data sets (including marker data) and can support files greater than 2 GB. Waveforms created with MATLAB must meet the requirements of an AWG70000 waveform. The AWG70000 series supports the following levels of MATLAB files: MATLAB level 5 can only support files less than 2 GB. MATLAB level 7.3 can support files larger than 2 GB. This section defines the proper elements and conditions that the MATLAB file must be met to create an AWG waveform file. 184 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

195 xxx MATLAB waveform file format AWG MAT waveform elements Waveform elements for an AWG MATLAB file format waveform must be contained in the same.mat file. Each waveform will be grouped together by a trailing numerical value. For example - given the following elements: Waveform_Name_1, Waveform_Data_1, Waveform_Name_2, Waveform_Data_2, Waveform_M1_2, Waveform_M2_2, two complete waveforms can be formed: The first waveform will have the name identifier from Waveform_Name_1 and the data that was held in Waveform_Data_1. The second waveform will have the name identifier from Waveform_Name_2 and the data that was held in Waveform_Data_2. Additionally, the second waveform will have Marker 1 and Marker 2 data. Table 8: MATLAB required elements Element Waveform_Name_# Waveform_Data_# Condition The MATLAB file must have the "Waveform_Name_#" specified. The "Waveform_Name_#" must contain a string value denoting the waveform name. The AWG MATLAB file must have the "Waveform_Data_#" specified. The "Waveform_Data_#" must contain an array of data values (representing waveform samples) in one of the types: double, single, or UInt16. Ideally, double and single should have values scaling from 1 to 1, and UInt16 should have values ranging from 0 to Table 9: MATLAB optional elements Element Waveform_M1_# Waveform_M2_# Waveform_Sampling_Rate_# Condition The AWG MATLAB file can contain marker 1 data, having the "Waveform_M1_#" specified. The "Waveform_M1_#" must contain a UInt8 array of marker values for the waveform's Marker 1. Only 1 and 0 are considered valid values. The length of the marker array must match that of the AWG MATLAB file format waveform data array length. The AWG MATLAB file can contain marker 2 data, having the "Waveform_M2_#" specified. The "Waveform_M2_#" must contain a UInt8 array of marker values for the waveform's Marker 2. Only 1 and 0 are considered valid values. The length of the marker array must match that of the AWG MATLAB file format waveform data array length. The AWG MATLAB file can contain the sampling rate, having the "Waveform_Sampling_Rate_#" specified. The "Waveform_Sampling_Rate_#" must contain a "Double" value, indicating the waveform's suggested sampling rate. The specified sampling rate is the waveform's recommended sampling rate, but it will not directly change any sampling rate settings of the instrument. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 185

196 xxx MATLAB waveform file example Table 9: MATLAB optional elements (cont.) Element Waveform_Amplitude_# Waveform_Signal_Format_# Condition The AWG MATLAB file can contain the waveform amplitude, having the "Waveform_Amplitude_#" specified. The "Waveform_Amplitude_#" must contain a "Double" value, indicating the unique waveform's suggested amplitude. The specified amplitude is the waveform's recommended amplitude, but will not directly change any amplitude settings of the instrument. The AWG MATLAB file can contain the waveform signal format having the "Waveform_Signal_Format_#" specified. The "Waveform_Signal_Format_#" must contain a 'String' value indicating the unique waveform's signal format. Signal format indicates whether a Waveform is of the format type: Real, I, or Q. MATLAB waveform file example The following MATLAB coding example demonstrates how to create a MATLAB file that: creates a small, simple sinusoidal waveform with markers saves the waveforms into separate files saves the waveforms into a single file MATLAB waveform coding example %% Create Sinusoid x = 2399; t = 0:1:x; basewfm = sin(2*pi*1/x*t); % Generate Sine Wave basemarkers = uint8(square(2*pi*1/x*t,50)); %% Create Waveform 1 (Double) Waveform_Name_1 = 'MyDoubleWfm'; Waveform_Data_1 = basewfm; %already a double array Waveform_M1_1 = basemarkers; %already uint8 array Waveform_M2_1 = basemarkers; 186 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

197 MATLAB IQ file example save('awg_double', '*_1', '-v7.3'); % MAT 7.3 Can save > 2GB %% Create Waveform 2 (Single) Waveform_Name_2 = 'MySingleWfm'; Waveform_Data_2 = single(basewfm); save('awg_float', '*_2', '-v7.3'); %% Save All Waveforms save('all_wfms.mat', 'Waveform_*', '-v7.3'); MATLAB IQ file example The following MATLAB coding example demonstrates how to create a MATLAB file that: creates a complex signal creates and saves an I waveform creates and saves a Q waveform MATLAB IQ file coding example clear;clc; %% Create Complex Signal nconstellationpoints=4; % Number of Constellation Points numsymbols=1000; % Number of Symbols samplespersymbol=10; % Samples per symbol % For the Symbol Rate of 1M the Sampling Rate would be 10M %SymbolRate=SamplingRate/SamplesperSymbol alpha=0.35; % RC Filter Rolloff (Alpha) convlength=21; % Convolution Length basedatapattern=mod(randi(nconstellationpoints,1,numsymbols),nconstellationpoints); % Creates thebasedata AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 187

198 MATLAB IQ file example y=pskmod(basedatapattern,nconstellationpoints, pi/4); % Creates the PSK modulation rrcfilter = rcosdesign(alpha,convlength, samplespersymbol); % Create the filter coefficients IQData = upfirdn(y, rrcfilter, samplespersymbol); % Filter and Interpolation clear nconstellationpoints numsymbols samplespersymbol alpha convlength clear basedatapattern y rrcfilter %% Retrieve IQ Data idata = real(iqdata); qdata = imag(iqdata); %% Normalize to +1/-1 maxi = max(abs(idata)); maxq = max(abs(qdata)); maxmax = max(maxi, maxq); idata = idata / maxmax; qdata = qdata / maxmax; IQData = idata + 1i*qData; % Re-set I and Q data plot(iqdata) clear maxi maxq maxmax %% Create I Waveform Waveform_Name_1 = 'MyI_Waveform'; Waveform_Data_1 = idata; Waveform_Sampling_Rate_1 = 10e9; Waveform_Signal_Format_1 = 'I'; save('mat - MAT5 - AWG - I Waveform', '*_1', '-v6'); save('mat - HDF5 - AWG - I Waveform', '*_1', '-v7.3'); 188 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

199 MATLAB IQ file example %% Create Q Waveform Waveform_Name_2 = 'MyQ_Waveform'; Waveform_Data_2 = qdata; Waveform_Sampling_Rate_2 = 10e9; Waveform_Signal_Format_2 = 'Q'; save('mat - MAT5 - AWG - Q Waveform', '*_2', '-v6'); save('mat - HDF5 - AWG - Q Waveform', '*_2', '-v7.3'); %% Save Files save('mat - MAT5 - AWG - Complex Waveforms.mat', '*_1', '*_2', '-v6'); save('mat - HDF5 - AWG - Complex Waveforms.mat', '*_1', '*_2', '-v7.3'); %% Create Invalid Waveforms %Too many waveforms Waveform_Name_3 = 'TooManyWfms'; Waveform_Data_3 = Waveform_Data_2; save('mat - MAT5 - AWG - Invalid Too Many Complex Waveforms', '*_1', '*_2', '*_3', '-v6'); save('mat - HDF5 - AWG - Invalid Too Many Complex Waveforms', '*_1', '*_2', '*_3', '-v7.3'); %Mismatching Sample Rates Waveform_Sampling_Rate_2 = 1e9; %1G & 10G save('mat - MAT5 - AWG - Invalid Complex SR Mismatch Waveforms', '*_1', '*_2', '-v6'); save('mat - HDF5 - AWG - Invalid Complex SR Mismatch Waveforms', '*_1', '*_2', '-v7.3'); AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 189

200 MATLAB IQ file example 190 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

201 Controls and connectors Front-panel controls Front-panel controls The instrument features the following front-panel (see page 191) controls. Front-panel controls Table 10: Item Home Play/Stop Description The Home button shows the home screen for the current mode (AWG or Functions). The Play/Stop button starts or stops playing the waveform. The Play button displays the following lights: No light no waveform playing Green playing waveform Flashing green preparing to play waveform Amber play out temporarily inhibited due to settings change Red Error preventing play out When a waveform is playing, it is only present at the output connectors if the following conditions are met: The channel is enabled The All Outputs Off is not active (outputs are connected) The Play button icon in the screen interface has additional indicators for more waveform playout status. See Play button (icons) (see page 14). AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 191

202 xxx Controls and connectors Front-panel connectors Table 10: (cont.) Item General purpose knob Fine Numeric Keypad Touchscreen Off Description The general purpose knob is used to increment or decrement values when a setting is enabled (selected) for change. Push the knob to toggle the Fine mode on and off, increasing or decreasing the change resolution of the general purpose knob. NOTE. The general purpose knob operation mimics the actions of the up and down arrow keys on a keyboard as defined by the Windows operating system. Because of this, rotating the knob when a desired control is not selected may result in seemingly odd behavior of the control or accidental changes to some other control. The Fine button increases the resolution of the general purpose knob. The numeric keypad is used to directly enter a numeric value into a selected control. Units prefix buttons (T/p, G/n, M/μ, and k/m) are used to complete an input with the numeric keypad. You can complete your entry by pushing one of these prefix buttons (without pressing the Enter key). If you push the units prefix buttons for frequency, the units are interpreted as T (tera-), G (giga-), M (mega-), or k (kilo-). If you push the buttons for time or amplitude, the units are interpreted as p (pico-), n (nano-), μ (micro-), or m (milli-). The Touchscreen Off button enables or disables touchscreen control. When disabled, the button lights. When the touchscreen is enabled, you can use your finger or the stylus to control all operations of the instrument from the display. The touchscreen can be used alone or in combination with the mouse and front-panel controls. When the touchscreen is disabled, you can still access the on-screen menus with a mouse or keyboard. NOTE. The stylus must be of the conductive type designed for projected-capacitance screens, such as commonly used with smart phones and tablets. Force Trigger (A and B) All Outputs Off NOTE. If the instrument is powered on in Windows Safe Mode, the touchscreen is inoperative. You may need to use a mouse or keyboard to restore normal operation. The A and B Force Trigger buttons generate a trigger event. This is only effective when the Run mode is set to Triggered or Triggered Continuous. The All Outputs Off button provides a quick disconnect of the analog outputs and marker outputs, whether those outputs are enabled or not. (All Outputs Off overrides the output enable controls.) When activated, this button lights, the outputs are electrically disconnected, and the channel and marker lights are turned off. When the All Outputs Off is deactivated, the channel and marker outputs return to their defined state. Front-panel connectors The instrument features the following front-panel connectors (see page 193). 192 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

203 xxx Controls and connectors Front-panel connectors Front-panel connectors Connector Analog + and Output AWG70001A one channel AWG70002A two channels Marker Output AWG70001A CH1 markers AWG70002A CH1 and CH2 markers USB Removable hard disk drive (HDD) Chassis ground Description These connectors supply differential analog signals. The connectors are direct outputs from the internal DAC. The channel LEDs light to indicate when the channel is enabled and the output is electrically connected. The LED color matches the user defined waveform color. The output connector utilizes the Planar Crown Universal Connector System, providing you the ability to easily replace a damaged connector. The instruments ship with SMA type adapters installed but you also have the ability to use a variety of different connector types. These SMA type connectors supply marker signals. The marker LEDs light when the corresponding channel is enabled and the outputs are electrically connected. Marker LEDs are always white. Two USB connectors. When OFF is lighted, the front USB connectors have been disabled. See Preferences in the Utilities (see page 6) tab. The HDD contains the operating system, product software and all user data. By removing the HDD, user information such as setup files and waveform data is removed from the instrument. Banana type ground connection. Option AC (AWG70001 only) Option AC adds an additional AC output connector to the front-panel (see page 194) of the AWG70001 instruments. The AC output is a single ended output with additional amplification and filtering available. The differential outputs and the AC output cannot be used simultaneously. The active output is selected in the Channel Setup menu. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 193

204 Controls and connectors Rear-panel connectors Front-panel connectors with option AC Rear-panel connectors The instrument features the following rear-panel connectors (see page 195): 194 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

205 Controls and connectors Rear-panel connectors Rear-panel connectors Connector Flag Outputs esata port Sync Clock Out LAN VGA USB Host USB Device Pattern Jump In Description SMB connectors to supply output flags to mark the state of sequences. esata port to connect external SATA devices to the instrument. SMA type connector to provide a synchronization signal to external devices. RJ-45 connector to connect the instrument to a network. TCP/IP port is required to be open for the WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) connection. For example, when communicating through a router. VGA video port to connect an external monitor to view a larger copy of the instrument display (duplicate) or to extend the desktop display. To connect a DVI monitor to the VGA connector, use a DVI-to-VGA adapter. Four USB Host connectors (type A) to connect devices such as a USB mouse, keyboard, or other USB devices. Tektronix does not provide support or device drivers for USB devices other than the supplied mouse and keyboard. USB Device connector (type B) to connect an external device, such as a printer. Tektronix does not provide support or device drivers for USB devices. 15-pin DSUB connector to provide a logic pattern used for sequencing. Pattern Jump In (see page 196) pin assignment. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 195

206 xxx xxx Controls and connectors Rear-panel connectors Connector Sync to Hub Clock In Clock Out Reference In 10MHz Reference Out Trigger Inputs A and B Power Description Connector used to connect an AWG70000A series instrument to the AWGSYNC01 Sync Hub instrument. The AWGSYNC01 Sync Hub can synchronize the signal outputs of up to four AWG70000A series instruments. SMA type input connector to provide a variable clock signal. SMA type connector to provide a high speed clock that is related to the sample rate. SMA type input connector to provide a reference timing signal (variable or fixed). SMA type output connector to provide a 10 MHz reference timing signal. This output is disabled when the system is set to use an external clock signal. SMA type input connectors for external trigger signals. Power cord input. Pattern Jump In connector Table 11: Pin Pin number Signal number Signal 1 GND 9 GND 2 Data bit 0 10 Data bit 4 3 Data bit 1 11 Data bit 5 4 Data bit 2 12 Data bit 6 5 Data bit 3 13 Data bit 7 6 GND 14 GND 7 Strobe 15 GND 8 GND 196 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

207 Working with Functions Functions home window overview Functions home window overview The Functions mode is used to generate basic waveshapes, such as sine waves, square waves, and triangle waves, allowing you to quickly play a signal out of the analog outputs. Generating a basic waveshape is relatively easy. Simply select the waveshape and then set its characteristics. Toolbar The toolbar provides access to various setup actions. The AWG mode and Functions mode utilize the same Toolbar. Any action taken by the buttons in the toolbar affects both modes. For example, restoring the default setup affects both the Functions mode and AWG mode. See Toolbar (see page 18) in the AWG mode section for details. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 197

208 Working with Functions Functions home window overview Play/Stop The Play/Stop button starts and stops the playout of a waveform. This function is the same as the front-panel Play button. The screen icon changes appearance to indicate the Run Status. See Run state icons (see page 14) in the AWG mode section and the Front-panel controls (see page 191) section for descriptions of the indicators. Workspace The Functions workspace is controlled by the workspace tabs. Home displays the controls and settings to generate the basic waveshapes. Utilities is a global tab between the AWG mode and the Functions mode. See Utilities in AWG workspace (see page 6). Enable channel outputs The Channel On/Off button operates the same for the Functions mode as the AWG mode. See the section Endable outputs / relay state (see page 55) for information about the various modes and displays. Channel output path selection The Channel output path button operates the same for the Functions mode as the AWG mode. See the section Channel output path (see page 56) for information about the various modes and displays. Notes about the Function generator mode Additional items to note about using the Function generator mode: The Frequency / Period are always coupled on a two channel instrument A message is displayed to warn you if the selected settings are not using the full DAC range. Using a combination of voltage settings (Amplitude, High and Low values) that result in a waveform amplitude that is less than 250 mv (one half the full 500 mv range) causes a reduction of resolution. Using an Offset value other than 0 V has the same effect. The graphical display includes a right-click menu to: Show cursors Set the Y-axis units to either Volts or Normalized Set the X-axis units to either Samples or Seconds Show the background grid As with the AWG mode, the Functions mode has the Status area at the bottom of the screen (for messages) and the All outputs off button to quickly disconnect the analog output connectors. Markers can not be created. 198 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

209 Diagnostics Diagnostics Diagnostics Two types of diagnostics are provided to verify the functionality of your instrument: Power-on self test (POST) Every time you power on the instrument, the instrument automatically performs the POST internal diagnostics. Full Diagnostics You can run the entire set of diagnostics routines (or a subset) from the System menu. NOTE. Diagnostics is disabled if Synchronization is Enabled and the instrument is a Slave (not the master) in the synchronized system. If Synchronization is Enabled and the instrument is the Master, the only Synchronization diagnostic routines are available. See Diagnostics with synchronization (see page 201). Selecting the diagnostic routines Select the Utilities workspace tab, then System, and then the Diagnostics & Calibration buttontoopen the Diagnostics and Calibration dialog. Click the Diagnostics button to display the diagnostic routines. The left side of the diagnostic screen lists the tests available. The list is dependent on the type of diagnostics selected to run, POST Only or Full diagnostics AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 199

210 Diagnostics Diagnostics If POST Only is selected, all POST diagnostic tests are preselected, but you can deselect categories of tests, but not tests within a category. If Full diagnostics is selected, no tests are preselected. You can check the categories of tests you wish to perform. In the full diagnostic mode, you can select and deselect categories and tests within a category. You can also use the Select all tests or Unselect all tests buttons to easily reset the test selections. Loop settings Use the loop choices to determine the test cycles. Single makes one pass through the selected tests. Continuous continually runs through the selected tests until aborted. Times lets you define how many times to run the selected tests. Stop on Fail stops the diagnostics if a selected test fails, regardless of the Loop selection. Summary The summary section provides a quick review of the tests (Pass or Fail) and system information. This information is blank until a diagnostic routine is run. 200 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

211 Diagnostics Diagnostics with synchronization Log The Log area provides the results of the diagnostic tests. You can choose the what to display: All results lists the results of every selected diagnostic test, including the date, time, and temperature. Failures only lists only those tests that fail. The Copy text button places the log information into the Windows clipboard, which you can then paste into other applications. Clear log simply empties the results. Diagnostics with synchronization When Synchronization is enabled, and the instrument is the Master in the synchronized system, diagnostics is limited to performing synchronization routines. The synchronization diagnostics perform the diagnostic routines on each configured instrument in the synchronized system. All other menu items perform as described in the Diagnostics (see page 199) section. NOTE. Diagnostics & Calibration is disabled when Synchronization is Enabled and the instrument is a slave (not the master) in the synchronized system. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 201

212 Diagnostics Diagnostics with synchronization 202 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

213 Calibration Calibration Calibration Your instrument was calibrated at the factory and tested before shipping. Changes in operating temperature can affect hardware performance, so if your application requires optimum performance, you should run the self-calibration utility before performing critical tests. The instrument automatically alerts you if the current internal temperature is more than 6 C above or below the temperature at which the calibration was last run. The calibration utility is a one-button operation and does not require any external signals or equipment. Before calibrating, make sure the instrument s internal temperature has stabilized. Allow the instrument to run for at least 20 minutes under the environmental conditions in which it will operate after the calibration. Select the Utilities workspace tab, then the Diag & Cal button to open the Diagnostics and Calibration dialog screen showing the current status of the instrument. Click the Diagnostics & Calibration button to display the Diagnostics and Calibration screen and selected Calibration. All available tests and adjustments are run; you are not allowed to select or unselect the items in the calibration list. Click Start to begin the process. The Start button changes to Abort while the calibration is in process. At any time, you can click the Abort button to stop the calibration and revert to the previous calibration data. If the calibration is allowed to finish and there are no errors, the new calibration data is applied. The pass/fail result is shown in the right-hand panel of the Calibration page, along with the associated date, time, and temperature information. Calibration data is automatically stored in non-volatile memory. If for some reason you don t want to use the calibration data from the most recent self-calibration, click the Restore factory cal button. This loads the original calibration data shipped with the instrument. NOTE. Calibration is disabled if Synchronization is Enabled and the instrument is a Slave (not the master) in the synchronized system. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 203

214 Calibration Calibration 204 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

215 Options and plug-ins Options and plug-ins Options and plug-ins Two types of enhancements available for your instrument: Options and Plug-ins. These are differentiated from each other due to how they interact with the instrument and how they are activated. Options: Features that require/enable hardware on the instrument and are specific to a single instrument. Options can be ordered with the original purchase of the instrument or as a post-purchase addition (as an upgrade). Options require an option key to enable the software/hardware feature. NOTE. Some upgrades may require the installation of additional hardware. Plug-ins: Applications that enhance a host application. (In this case, the AWG70000A instrument application is enhanced). Plug-ins designed to operate with an AWG70000A series instrument are also able to operate with the SourceXpress Waveform Creation software. Plug-ins can be moved between any AWG70000A series instruments or any installation of SourceXpress. Because of the versatility of a plug-in s use, plug-ins use a license file to enable it s use (rather than an option key). A Licensing scheme (via the Tektronix web site) is used to host your license files where you can check-out or check-in your purchased licenses. To view and install option keys or licenses, select About my AWG from the Utilities menu. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 205

216 Options and plug-ins How to install an option key How to install an option key Options purchased with your instrument are pre-installed. You can view installed options by going to Utilities > About my AWG. If you purchase an upgrade (new option) from Tektronix for your instrument, you may need to install an option key to activate the new option. For the most current list of upgrades, go to or contact your local Tektronix representative. From the Utilities menu, select About my AWG, then select Install Options. Use the Install Upgrades dialog box to enter the option key provided by Tektronix, and follow the on-screen instructions to install the option. 206 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

217 Options and plug-ins How to install an option key NOTE. Some upgrades may require updating the product software. Refer to the instructions provided with your upgrade for proper installation. After entering a new option key, you must restart the instrument application to activate the option. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 207

218 Options and plug-ins How to install an option key 208 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

219 Licensing Licensing overview Licensing overview License files are used to enable optional plug-ins and features. A Licensing scheme is used to host your license files. The product license administration is through Tektronix Asset Management System (TekAMS). TekAMS has an easy to use web based interface that provides: Inventory of all the licenses in the company account Ability to check out a license Ability to check in a license The Tektronix Asset Management System is available athttp:// To view and install licenses, select About my AWG located in the Utilities tab. Generally, to properly install and activate a plug-in, follow these steps. 1. Purchase a license from Tektronix. See How to purchase a license (see page 209). 2. Store the license file in a location available to the application. This can be on the instrument s drive, a USB flash drive, or any networked drive. 3. Obtain the plug-in installation file. Plug-in installation files are available for download from the Tektronix web site. 4. Install the plug-in application. 5. Install the license file. See How to install a plug-in license (see page 211). How to purchase a license Contact your local Tektronix Account Manager to purchase a plug-in license. After purchasing, you will receive an listing the licenses purchased. The also contains the URL to the Tektronix Asset Management System (TekAMS) that enables you to manage your licenses. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 209

220 xxx Licensing How to purchase a license Floating Licenses provide the ability to move the license from an instrument or a personal computer to another by checking in a license from an instrument or PC and checking it out to another. The Tektronix Asset Management System ( ) provides an inventory of the license(s) in your account. If a license is a Floating license, it also enables you to check out or check in the license. There are two different types of licenses available for plug-ins: License type Node-Locked License Floating License Description This license is permanently assigned to a specific Hostid or product model/serial number. Node Locked Licenses provide your own copy of the application on your instrument or personal computer. This license can be moved between different Hostids or product models. Use the Tektronix Asset Management system to check in and check out floating licenses. 210 AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document

221 Licensing How to install a license How to install a license License files are used to enable optional applications. NOTE. Applications may have been previously installed, but without a license, you cannot create waveforms. 1. Select About my AWG located in the Utilities tab. 2. Select the Install License button to display the license file selection screen and browse to the location where you ve stored the license file. 3. Select the license file and select Open. 4. After the successful installation is finished, the name of the plug-in is listed along with the expiration date and time. Floating licenses display the expiration date for that application. The expiration date for a floating license is defined when the license is checked out from the Tektronix Asset Management system. After the license expires, the application is automatically disabled and the license on the TekAMS is free to be assigned to a different host. Node locked license have no expiration date. AWG70000A Series Arbitrary Waveform Generators Printable Help Document 211