FLASH Operation at DESY From a Test Accelerator to a User Facility
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1 FLASH Operation at DESY From a Test Accelerator to a User Facility Michael Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY WAO2012, SLAC, Aug. 8, 2012
2 Vocabulary DESY: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany TTF: TESLA Test Facility TESLA: TeV Energy Superconducting Linear Accelerator FLASH: Free Electron Laser in Hamburg M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 2
3 Content The History of FLASH TTF as a linear collider testbed TTF operation TTF becomes FLASH FLASH user operation Difficulties for Operators Conclusion M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 3
4 The History of FLASH 1994: The TESLA project requires superconducting rf cavities for a TeV-scale linear collider. TESLA Test Facility: A 500 MeV testbed for TESLA. 1997: TTF reaches 16.7 MeV/m with superconducting cavities 1998: TTF tunnel extended, first undulators in the tunnel 2000: First nm 2003: Extension from 100 m to 260 m, TTF becomes FLASH 2005: FLASH becomes a user facility, lasing at 25 nm A test facility becomes a user facility. M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 4
5 The History of FLASH M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 5
6 The Future of FLASH 2012: FLASH running as - a user facility, nm - a testbed for XFEL (component tests, diagnostics, control system, etc.) - as a testbed for machine studies (Seeding, ) 2013: FLASH will be upgraded to FLASH II M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 6
7 TTF as a linear collider testbed TESLA Test Facility was a test facility: - Components running at their limits - Components from different vendors or collaborators - Different kinds of the same component (BPMs, current monitors, klystrons, modulators, ) - Only the backbone of a control system - Different integration of components into the control system - Different levels of application software - Different levels of documentation M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 7
8 TTF operation Goals of TTF operation: - High accelerating gradients - Component tests for a linear collider Mode of TTF operation: - Separate control room - Separate control system - Separate operators (scientists and students) M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 8
9 TTF becomes FLASH TTF was an ideal testbed for the SASE mechanism MeV beam energy - high current, pulsed, laser driven gun 1998: Conversion into a SASE FEL - Chicanes for bunch compression (no 3 rd harmonic cavity) - More beam energy - Better diagnostics - Undulators - Lots of Research and Development The TTF VUV SASE FEL was born (But it took years to get it running) 2000: First nm M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 9
10 TTF becomes FLASH 2003: Extension from 100 m to 260 m, TTF becomes FLASH - longer tunnel, space for more accelerating modules - energy upgrade over the years, 3 rd harmonic cavity MeV reached in 2010 M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 10
11 FLASH user operation 2010: 4.12 nm wavelength (well within the water window ) - FLASH is used for fundamental research Reconstruction from the diffraction pattern of one shot 3 m Original Foil Diffraction pattern of the first shot Diffraction pattern of the second shot M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 11
12 FLASH user operation FLASH schedule: User runs (3 5 weeks) interleaved with Accelerator studies and FEL studies (2 7 weeks) M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 12
13 FLASH user operation FLASH accelerator studies and FEL studies: Performed by experts with a little help from some experienced operators. FLASH user runs: Performed by operators with a little help from some experts. M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 13
14 Difficulties for Operators Questions of a storage ring operator on his first day at an FEL: First turn steering all day long? Closed orbit? Closed bumps? Betatron Tunes? Where are the resonances? Beam Energy, RF-Phases? Not constant? Not known everywhere? Dark Current? What s that? Bunch length? Who cares? M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 14
15 Difficulties for Operators Problems of a storage ring operator at an FEL: Every slight change at the injector spoils the beam in the undulator section. Every change in the energy distribution changes the beam optics. Every change of RF-phases spoils the bunch length. Dark current from the gun must not reach the undulator section. Feedbacks, feedbacks, feedbacks. Orbit, energy, peak current M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 15
16 Difficulties for Operators Problems of a storage ring operator at an FEL: Which tuning strategy works today? Many tuning parameters (like luminosity tuning), but some can totally destroy SASE. The SASE effect is less robust than luminosity. Most lumi parameters have a Gaussian distribution, many SASE parameters are steep peaks. M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 16
17 Conclusion FLASH had (and in parts still has) a lot of childhood diseases. Parts of FLASH were never meant to be a user facility. FLASH was (and in parts still is) a testbed. The level of automation and feedbacks is not optimal. Operators were not part of the FLASH crew from the beginning. (Some) Storage ring operators have a hard time with an FEL. Operators are performing routine user operation now (but still need help for e.g. wavelength changes). M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 17
18 Conclusion FLASH performance is too much operator dependent (from our funding agency) Operator Training! Automation of Procedures! Feedbacks! (LCLS has 16 feedbacks running) M. Bieler FLASH Operation at DESY Aug. 8, 2012 Page 18
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