Parameters of spinning AM reticles
|
|
- Kimberly Simpson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Paametes of spinning AM eticles onald G. Digges, Cal E. Halfod, and Glenn D. Boeman A new method of obtaining amplitude modulation (AM) fo detemining taget location with spinning eticles is pesented. The method is based on the use of gaded tansmission capabilities. The AM spinning eticles peviously pesented wee functions of thee paametes: amplitude vs angle, amplitude vs adius, and phase. This pape pesents these paametes along with thei capabilities and limitations and shows that multiple paametes can be integated into a single eticle. It is also shown that AM paametes can be combined with FM paametes in a single eticle. Also, a geneal equation is developed that elates the AM paametes to a eticle tansmission equation. Key wods: eticles, tacking devices, AM modulation. 1. Intoduction Amplitude modulation (AM) in eticles has been studied" 2 as a means of poviding taget position infomation to tacking systems. The poduction of an AM signal in eticles has been diffeent fom poduction of AM signals in othe systems. This diffeence esults in pat fom a lack of vaiable tansmission chaacteistics in infaed eticle mateials. This pape pesents a simple and diect appoach of obtaining an AM signal with eticles using paametes simila to the paametes involved in FM modulations Conside the histoical 2 case of amplitude modulation in spinning eticles as shown in Fig. 1(a). A taget is imaged onto the spinning eticle and the taget image is tansmitted though the tanspaent white sectos and blocked by the opaque dak sectos. Usually, the spatial integal of the light is collected by a single detecto and a tempoal signal fom the detecto is analyzed fo taget location infomation. If a cicula taget wee located at the cente of the spinning eticle (location A), the amount of image light tansmitting though the eticle does not change with the spinning motion of the eticle. Hence, the spatial integal of the light tansmitting though the eticle would be a dc value and the modulation (ac esponse) would be zeo. A dc signal would coespond to a taget located at the Glenn Boeman is with Univesity of Cental Floida, Depatment of Electical Engineeing-CEOL, Olando, Floida 32816; the othe authos ae with Memphis State Univesity, Depatment of Electical Engineeing, Memphis, Tennessee eceived 24 Apil /91/ $5./ Optical Society of Ameica. eticle cente. As the taget is moved fom the cente of the eticle, the eticle begins to chop the taget image and the modulation gows as the taget is moved towads the eticle peiphey. It can be seen that once the taget passes beyond the adius at which it ovelaps one secto, the modulation is at a maximum and emains constant to the eticle peiphey. It is not obvious, howeve, that the modulation goes though peaks and toughs as the taget is moved fom the cente of the eticle to the location of the modulation peak. The peak occu when the taget image ovelaps an odd numbe of sectos and the toughs occu when the taget ovelaps an even numbe of sectos. Conside taget location B whee the taget image ovelaps an even numbe of sectos. As the eticle spins, a white secto is leaving the taget aea and a dak secto is enteing the taget aea esulting in a lage change in tansmitted image light. Now conside the taget location C whee the image size coesponds to an even secto ovelap. A white secto is leaving the taget aea and a white ba is enteing the taget aea, minimizing the change in tansmitted light (modulation). If the modulation wee plotted as a function of adial taget location, a cuve simila to the one shown in Fig. 1(b) would be geneated. It can be seen that the modulation cuve depends upon taget size. Also, fo small tagets, o point souces, the AM configuation is useless in geneating an eo signal fo taget location since the modulation peaks at a vey small distance fom the eticle cente. A method fo obtaining an AM signal fo any size taget is pesented in this pape. The ability to gade the tansmission chaacteistics of the eticle mateials is assumed, but the gading of tansmission is feasible even in infaed mateials using halftone techniques. 4 With this assumption, spinning AM eticles can be descibed using thee amplitude paametes 1 July 1991 / Vol. 3, No. 19 / APPLIED OPTICS 2675
2 Taget Modulation SPIJ at Taget Size is Position Less A Position B Than One Secto Modulation I 1.,Taget g I \. Modulation Position C adial aget Taget Position C Location a. b. T_= 'i " - = Fig. 1. Classical amplitude modulation in eticles. (simila to FM paametes 5 ): amplitude vs angle, f(o), amplitude vs adius, g(), and phase, p(). The following sections descibe these paametes in detail. Afte the paametes ae pesented, a combination of the paametes ae shown to povide an eo signal useful in tacking tagets. The last section shows how AM can be combined with FM in eticles to povide impoved eo signals without the constaints of pue AM signals. II. Amplitude vs Angle FF Fig. 2. Fan blade eticle. mission function as taveses fom - to 7. If a point souce wee imaged onto the eticle and the eticle wee spinning in the diection shown, the eticle would modulate the point souce light at a ate of thity cycles pe eticle otation time. This fequency can be consideed the caie fequency k fo all the eticles pesented in this pape. Amplitude modulation can be descibed by the equation (t) Phase evesial Phase evesal The amplitude vs angle paamete encodes azimuth taget location. Conside the fan blade eticle shown in Fig. 2. Thee ae thity angula cycles in the tans wt a. eticle one. b. Spinning impulse esponse fo eticle one. _ c. eticle two. I(t) A = ~~~~... Wt, Wt d. Spinning impulse esponse fo eticle two. Fig. 3. Two angula AM eticles APPLIED OPTICS / Vol. 3, No. 19 / 1 July 1991
3 -e=o -1 eticle a e=o eticle b. _=o Fig. 4. Vaious amplitude vs angle eticles. eticle c. -1 e S(O) = 1/2 + V[1 + mf(o)] cos(ko), (1) whee s(o) is the modulated signal, Vis a constant, m is the modulation index, and f(o) is the low fequency modulation signal. Fo the eticle shown in Fig. 2, m is 1, f(o) is a constant 1, and V is 1/4. The 1/2 dc tem in Eq. (1) allows an aveage eticle tansmission of 1/2 athe than zeo (i.e., no light passing the eticle). Fo symbol convention, let us define and as the spatial vaiables of the eticle tansmission function with anges of to and -i to 7, espectively. Also, let the eticle spin ate be w ad/s and let, O be the spatial coodinates of a point souce that is imaged onto the eticle. Usually, a single detecto collects all of the modulated light of the taget though the spinning eticle. This light collected is known as the spinning impulse esponse and can be found by J [ I(t) = ' T(,O)A[- o, - (wt - 6d~d, -fo whee the impulse function epesents the spatial extent of the point souce with a light bightness amplitude of A. The tansmission function of the eticle shown in Fig. 2 is T(,) = 1/2 + 1/2 cos(3). (3) Noting that Eq. (2) is a 1-D coelation function, it can be easily applied to Eq. (3). The spinning impulse esponse of the eticle shown in Fig. 2 is (2) 1 July 1991 / Vol. 3, No. 19 / APPLIED OPTICS 2677
4 g() 1 e=o a. eticle one. b. Amplitude vesus adius fo eticle one. g() 1i = c. eticle two. d. Amplitude vesus adius fo eticle two. Fig. 5. Two adial AM eticles. I(t) = A + A cos[3(wt - )]. (4) 2 Note the signal is not dependent on and that thee ae thity possible taget locations in angle that povide identical spinning impulse esponse signals. Fo an AM eticle to povide angula taget location, a vaiation in amplitude must be imposed on the eticle as a function of angle. That is, an amplitude vs angle paamete is fomed. One must be caeful in imposing this vaiation since it is easy to mistake the eticle equiements fo angula vaiations as being simila to FM eticles. Conside the eticle tansmission function T(,O) = /2 + 1/2 f(o) cos(3), (5) with f(o) = coso. The eticle coesponding to the tansmission function is shown in Fig. 3(a) with a spinning impulse esponse fo a point souce located at = shown in Fig. 3(b). Thee appeas to be two peiods of modulation in one otation of the eticle. The modulation envelope of the caie is the magnitude of the low fequency cosine function as shown in Fig. 3(b). Note thee is a phase change (black becomes white and white becomes black) that occus at ct = 1I2 and cot = 37/2. The phase change occus when coso becomes negative causing the amplitude of the caie to evese. Unless the tacking system electonics can utilize the phase change fo angula taget location, the eticle is not useful as an AM tacking eticle. Tagets sepaated by give identical spinning impulse esponses. Fo this eason, Eq. (5) is not a useful tansmission equation fo amplitude modulation. If amplitude modulation in useful tacking eticles is stictly descibed by Eq. (1), we can place two simple constaints on the equation vaiables. The magnitude of V[1 + mf()] cannot be >1/2 since this would cause the tansmission function to have a value >1. Second, mf() cannot have a value <-1 since phase evesal of the caie occus at this point. If phase evesal is not a poblem fo tacke electonics, this constaint can be elaxed povided the magnitude of f() does not contain a peiod <27 as in the case of the eticle shown in Fig. 3(a). To illustate the esults of these constaints, conside the eticle shown in Fig. 3(c). The tansmission equation fo the eticle is T(O) = 1/2 + /4 [1 + cos(o)] cos(3), (6) whee V is 1/4 and m is 1. The equation satisfies the constaints descibed above. Hence, the amplitude envelope contains one peiod pe eticle otation and no phase evesal occus. Defining f() descibed in Eq. (1) as the amplitude vs angle paamete will allow insight into AM eticles though a few examples. Conside the eticles shown in Fig. 4. eticle 4a includes a linea incease in modulation as vaies fom - to. V, m and f() fo the eticle ae 1/4, 1, and Oh, espectively. The eticle shown in Fig. 4(b) has anf(o) that is popotional to the 2678 APPLIED OPTICS / Vol. 3, No. 19 / 1 July 1991
5 g()1 T = it1-9=o. eticle a. g()= e 1 -,T eticle b. g()= &= Fig. 6. Vaious amplitude vs adius eticles. eticle c. squae of the eticle angle. V, m, and f(o) fo this eticle ae 1/8, 3, and (/7) 2, espectively. The last example shown, eticle 4c, has a Gaussian amplitude vs angle paamete. Since the ange off(o) is-1 to and m is 1, the value fo V is set at its maximum constaint value of 1/2. It should be noted that f(o) fo useful tacking eticles can be any function with the limitations descibed in this section. These ae the minimum equiements fo a useful amplitude vs angle paamete. Othe consideations include image size, eticle fabication, and tacke electonics. Ill. Amplitude vs adius adial taget location is povided by the amplitude vs adius paamete, g(). Conside the tansmission equation T(,O) = 1/2 + Vg()[I + mf(o)] cos(ko), (7) 1 July 1991 / Vol. 3, No. 19 / APPLIED OPTICS 2679
6 a. eticle one. b. Phase fo eticle one. -8= c. eticle two. d. Phase fo eticle two. Fig. 7. Two phase AM eticles. wheeg() has a -1 ange. The tansmission function is now a function of both and. Also, g() weights the eticle modulation as a function of adius. Since this section descibes the adial paamete, let mf() equal one and let V equal 1/4 fo the eticles in this section. Now, fo illustative puposes, a linea incease in modulation as a function of adius will be imposed on eticle Eq. (7). That is, we will let g() equal. With a caie fequency of thity cycles pe otation, the tansmission equation becomes T(,O) = 2 + I cos(3). (8) 2 2 The eticle coesponding to the tansmission equation is shown along with its g() in Figs. 5(a) and (b). The one-to-one linea mapping of to g() allows an incease in the amplitude modulated signal of a point souce as its adial location inceases. Hence, one signal amplitude coesponds to one adial taget location. This one-to-one mapping is equied since the function is nonpeiodic contay to the case of f(). A case whee two adial taget locations can give the same amplitude modulated signal is shown by the eticle and g() function in Figs. 5(c) and (d), espectively. The amplitude vs adius function g() is a Gaussian function centeed on /2. Fo evey adial taget location on one side of /2, thee is anothe adial taget location on the othe side of /2 that coesponds to an identical amplitude modulated signal. Theefoe, the eticle would not be useful as a adial taget locate when coupled to a single detecto. To povide moe insight to the amplitude vs adius paamete, a numbe of examples ae pesented in Fig. 6. The eticle shown in Fig. 6(a) has an amplitude vs adius function that depends on the squae of the eticle adius. The eticle shown in Fig. 6(b) has a negative exponential function fo amplitude vs adius. Theefoe, the modulation of a taget towads the eticle cente is lage than the modulation of a taget nea the eticle peiphey. The last eticle example, shown in Fig. 6(c), has an inceasing exponential amplitude vs adius function. The modulation inceases shaply fom the eticle cente towad the eticle peiphey. IV. Phase The final paamete associated with AM modulated eticles is the phase function. In FM eticles, this paamete is often efeed to as the spoke function since it shapes the geomety of the eticle spokes (bas). The eticle tansmission functions pesented in this pape so fa have been witten with espect to some phase efeence. This phase efeence has been the O = line on the eticle. The phase function can be consideed the line fom which the eticle tansmission function is efeenced. This line changes in angle as a function of adius. The phase, p(), is the line whee the aguments of the angula functions ae zeo and T(,O) = APPLIED OPTICS / Vol. 3, No. 19 / 1 July 1991
7 7/3 8 7_ -9= eticle a. 7/3 7-4(/) '= t7-8= eticle b. piecewise continuous 7- -8= Fig. 8. Vaious phase eticles. eticle c. The pupose of imposing a phase on a eticle is that it changes the eticle ba shapes in such a manne that the eticle can coelate to vaious images well and othe images pooly. Fo instance, a eticle can be designed so that it coelates with small tagets well and coelates with lage tagets pooly. This type of eticle would be useful in tacking small objects in cloud clutte. Conside the eticle shown in Fig. 7(a) along with its phase function shown in Fig. 7(b). The eticle has a cosine amplitude vs angle function with a linea phase. The cosine amplitude vs angle paamete was etained so that the vaiation in the angula modulation can be seen to follow the same cuves as that of the caie spokes. That is, the modulation in angle cuves aound in the same manne, as the eticle bas. To keep this in mind, all of the eticles pesented in the Phase Sec. will have a cosine amplitude vs angle pa- 1 July 1991 / Vol. 3, No. 19 / APPLIED OPTICS 2681
8 1 f(8) a. eticle. 1, weo -1.,..., 7 b. Apltude vesus angle. 9. () I c. At4ude vesus adius... n_ i. d. Phase. Fig. 9. eticle with two nonconstant AM paametes. amete. Since the amplitude vs adius paamete is not affected by phase, the paamete is not imposed on the eticle hee. To visualize the phase function of eticle 7a, conside the phase gaph of Fig. 7(b). When the eticle adius is zeo, the phase shift in angle is zeo and the eticle is the same as the eticle shown in Fig. 3(c). Now, when the adius is /2, the eticle tansmission function is shifted by /(12) and the bas cuve to meet the T(,O) = 1 o + p() = point at the adius. At a adius equal to, the tansmission function has cuved to 7/6. In compaison, the eticle shown in Fig. 7(c) has a squaed phase function as shown in Fig. 7(d). The squaed function effect can be easily seen since the bas towad the cente of the eticle do not cuve as much as towad the peiphey of the eticle. The phase paamete can be imposed on the eticle in the following equation: T(,O) = 1/2 + Vg()[1 + mf(a) cs(ka)ia=o+p(). (9) Fo the eticles shown in this section, V is 1/4, g() is 1, m is 1, and f() = coso. To illustate the impact of the phase function on the eticle, a few examples ae shown in Fig. 8. The fist eticle, Fig. 8(a), has a Gaussian phase function. A one-to-one mapping is often not of concen in phase functions since enhancement of the coelation of the spoke edge with taget objects and suppession of the coelation of the spoke edge with backgound objects ae the usual design goals. The eticle shown in Fig. 8(b) has a negative exponential phase function. This type of phase function may be useful in giving good coelation with staight line tagets nea the eticle peiphey while disciminating against staight line tagets nea the eticle cente. The eticle shown in Fig. 8(c) may be useful in filteing clouds, hoizons, and othe lage objects while maintaining a good coelation with small objects. All of the eticles pesented in this section have some type of phase paamete. With the insight into phase functions, it can now be shown that the thee amplitude paametes can be combined using Eq. (9) to constuct an AM eticle tansmission function. V. Combinations of AM Paametes Equation (9) can be used to constuct an AM eticle with multiple paametes. That is, a eticle tansmission function can be developed that detemines both angula and adial taget locations while coelating well with tagets and pooly with backgounds using amplitude modulation. The envelope function can be any signal desied with the simple constaints descibed in the pevious sections. Once the thee paametes ae known, the eticle tansmission function can be witten. Two examples ae pesented in this section that show combinations of AM eticle paametes. The fist example is the eticle shown in Fig. 9. The eticle has a cosine amplitude vs angle paamete and a linea amplitude vs adius paamete. The phase is held at a 2682 APPLIED OPTICS / Vol. 3, No. 19 / 1 July 1991
9 - 1 NO) a. eticle. b. Ampitude vesus angle Fig. 1. eticle with thee nonconstant AM paametes. c. Ampitude vesus adius. d. Phase. constant zeo value. The tansmission function fo the eticle was found using Eq. (9) to be T(,O) = [1 + cosol cos(3). (1) 2 4 In this case, taget location is found by detemining the phase offset of the cosine envelope fo angula location and the magnitude of the AM envelope detemines the adial taget location. Theefoe, the eticle is useful in detemining taget location. The detecto output due to a point souce located at (o,o) imaged onto a spinning eticle with the tansmission function descibed would be Eq. (9) with (,O) eplaced by (owt - Oo) The second example of AM paamete combinations is shown in Fig. 1. The eticle is a combination of thee nonconstant AM paametes. The amplitude vs angle paamete is linea, the amplitude vs adius paamete is one minus a negative exponential, and the phase is Gaussian as shown in Figs. 1(b), (c), and (d), espectively. The angula taget location is found by the phase offset of peiodic amp envelope and the adial taget location is found by the magnitude of the amp envelope. The phase decoelates the eticle with staight lines, especially nea the /2 adial location. The eticle tansmission function was found again using Eq. (9) to be T(,O) = exp(2 )] {1 + [ + p()} X cosj3[ + p()], (11) whee p() = 3 exp[-4 (- and b was15. Thee ae impotant consideations in designing an AM eticle that must be consideed befoe selecting the AM paametes. A few of these consideations ae taget size, backgound geometies, electonics bandwidths, amplitude nomalization, and othes. Howeve, once the AM paametes ae detemining using these consideations, the eticle tansmission function can be found diectly using Eq. (9). VI. Combination of FM and AM Paametes An altenative to the use of both angula and adial AM paametes involves a combination of AM and FM eticle paametes. Conside the case whee the amplitude vs angle paamete is etained and the amplitude vs adius paamete is eplaced with a fequency vs adius paamete. The phase paamete affects AM and FM eticles in the same manne. The use of this type of configuation allows the elimination of the magnitude of the AM envelope as a taget location device. A change in taget fequency (i.e., caie fequency) will coespond to a change in taget adial location. The angula taget location is still detemined by the phase of the AM envelope. Conside the eticle shown in Fig. 11. The caie 1 July 1991 / Vol. 3, No. 19 / APPLIED OPTICS 2683
10 give a numbe of ambiguous taget locations equal to the numbe of cycles pe eticle otation at the taget adius. Howeve, since an appoximate angula location has been detemined, the high esolution caie phase location used will coespond to the appoximate angula location. The angula location esolution fo the same electonic phase disciminato has inceased by the numbe of cycles pe otation at the taget adius. Fo example, fo a taget adius of /2 fo the eticle shown, the angula location esolution has inceased by a facto of 15. Fig. 11. eticle with AM amplitude vs angle paamete and FM fequency vs adius paamete. fequency inceases linealy with adial taget location and the amplitude vs angle paamete vaies as a cosine. The phase imposed on the eticle is a constant (zeo). The tansmission function fo the eticle is T(,O) = 2 4(1 + cos) Cos3 ). (12) The eticle appeas to be extemely useful in that an inceased accuacy can be obtained in the following manne. Once a point souce is imaged onto the eticle, the adial taget location can be detemined fom the value of the caie fequency. A ough angula taget location is then detemined by compaing the phase of the amplitude modulated envelope to the eticle efeence signal (choppe electonic signal o LED efeence). The esolution in this ough angula taget location is detemined by the accuacy of electonic phase disciminatos. Now, since the caie fequency is known, the phase of the taget caie fequency is compaed to the efeence signal. It is known that using the phase of the caie signal will VII. Conclusion It has been shown that AM spinning eticles can be descibed using the thee amplitude modulation paametes: amplitude vs angle, amplitude vs adius, and phase. The amplitude vs angle paamete, the amplitude vs adius paamete, and the phase paamete give angula taget location, adial taget location, and coelation, espectively. Once the paametes have been detemined, a eticle tansmission function can be developed using Eq. (9). Also, it has been shown that amplitude modulation can be combined with fequency modulation in eticles to povide a signal without amplitude nomalization while inceasing angula taget location esolution. efeences 1. T. Buttweile, "Optimum Modulation Chaacteistics fo Amplitude-Modulated and Fequency-Modulated Infaed Systems," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 51, (1961). 2. L. M. Bibeman, eticles in Electo-optical Devices, (Pegamon, New Yok, 1968). 3.. G. Digges, C. E. Halfod, G.. Boeman, D. Lattman, and K. F. Williams, "Paametes of Spinning FM eticles," Appl. Opt. 3, (1991). 4. J. Lee, "Devices fo Optical Signal Pocessing," Opt. News Vol 11 # 1 pg (1985). 5. P. E. Menges and K. B. O'Bien, "Analysis of Eo esponse of Amplitude Modulated eticles," J. Opt. Soc. Am (1964) APPLIED OPTICS / Vol. 3, No. 19 / 1 July 1991
Figure Geometry for Computing the Antenna Parameters.
Spheical Coodinate Systems Definitions Figue 1.2.1 Geomety fo Computing the Antenna Paametes. Antenna Radiation Patten: The distibution of adiated enegy fom an antenna ove a suface of constant adius centeed
More informationwhere and are polynomials with real coefficients and of degrees m and n, respectively. Assume that and have no zero on axis.
function whee is an unknown constant epesents fo the un-modeled dynamics The pape investigates the position contol of electical moto dives that can be configued as stuctue of Fig 1 This poblem is fomulated
More informationThe Periodic Ambiguity Function Its Validity and Value
The Peiodic Ambiguity Function Its Validity and Value Nadav Levanon Dept. of Electical Engineeing Systems Tel Aviv Univesity Tel Aviv, Isael nadav@eng.tau.ac.il Abstact The peiodic ambiguity function (PAF)
More informationSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University. ECE 303: Electromagnetic Fields and Waves. Fall 2007
School of Electical and Compute Engineeing, Conell Univesity ECE 303: Electomagnetic Fields and Waves Fall 007 Homewok 1 Due on Nov. 8, 007 by 5:00 PM Reading Assignments: i) Review the lectue notes. ii)
More informationLow-Complexity Time-Domain SNR Estimation for OFDM Systems
Low-Complexity Time-Domain SR Estimation fo OFDM Systems A. jaz, A.B. Awoseyila and B.G. Evans A low-complexity SR estimation algoithm fo OFDM systems in fequency-selective fading channels is poposed.
More informationDemosaicking using Adaptive Bilateral Filters
Demosaicking using Adaptive Bilateal Filtes Ekine Akuiyibo Timothy Atobatele EE 362, Winte 2006 0. Abstact Digital cameas sample the continuous spectum using an aay of colo filtes such that each pixel
More informationOptimal Design of Smart Mobile Terminal Antennas for Wireless Communication and Computing Systems
Optimal Design of Smat Mobile Teminal Antennas fo Wieless Communication and Computing Systems Autho Lu, Junwei, Yang, Shiyou Published 2007 Confeence Title 2007 4th Intenational Symposium on Electomagnetic
More informationN2-1. The Voltage Source. V = ε ri. The Current Source
DC Cicuit nalysis The simplest cicuits to undestand and analyze ae those that cay diect cuent (DC). n this note we continue ou study of DC cicuits with the topics of DC voltage and cuent souces, the idea
More informationWireless Communication (Subject Code: 7EC3)
COMPUCOM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, JAIPUR (DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION) Notes Wieless Communication (Subject Code: 7EC3) Pepaed By: LOKESH KUMAR ARYA Class: B. Tech. IV Yea, VII
More informationDESIGN AND PARAMETRIC EVALUATION OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR GSM APPLICATION
DESIGN AND PARAMETRIC EVALUATION OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR GSM APPLICATION RAHUL T. DAHATONDE, SHANKAR B. DEOSARKAR Dept. of E & TC, D. Babasaheb Ambedka Technological Univesity, Lonee,
More informationLAAS/GBAS Ground Reference Antenna With Enhanced Mitigation of Ground Multipath
LAAS/BAS ound Refeence Antenna With Enhanced Mitigation of ound Multipath Alfed R Lopez, BAE Systems BIORAPHY Alfed R Lopez is a Life Fellow of the IEEE He is a Hazeltine Fellow and Engineeing Fellow with
More informationAnalysis of the optimized low-nonlinearity lateral effect sensing detector
Jounal of hysics: Confeence Seies Analysis of the optimized low-nonlineaity lateal effect sensing detecto To cite this aticle: Saeed Olyaee et al J. hys.: Conf. Se. 76 4 Related content - Neual netwok
More informationSynopsis of Technical Report: Designing and Specifying Aspheres for Manufacturability By Jay Kumler
OPTI 51 Synopsis (Gad Requiement #1) G. Desoches Synopsis of Technical Repot: Designing and Specifying Asphees fo Manufactuability By Jay Kumle Novembe 1, 007 Reviewed by: Gead Desoches Abstact Since asphees
More informationAnalysis of a Fractal Microstrip Patch Antenna
124 Analysis of a Factal Micostip Patch Antenna Vibha Rani Gupta and Nisha Gupta* Bila Institute of Technology, Mesa, Ranchi-835215, Jhakhand, India. vgupta@bitmesa.ac.in, ngupta@bitmesa.ac.in Abstact-
More informationSpectrum Sharing between Public Safety and Commercial Users in 4G-LTE
1 Spectum Shaing between Public Safety and Commecial Uses in 4G-LTE Haya Shajaiah, Ahmed Abdel-Hadi and Chales Clancy Badley Depatment of Electical and Compute Engineeing Viginia Tech, Alington, VA, 22203,
More informationDesign of FIR Filter using Filter Response Masking Technique
Design of FIR Filte using Filte Response Masking Technique Sandeep Shivastava, Alok Jain, Ram Kuma Soni Abstact- In this pape autho is tying to implement Fequency esponse masking (FRM) technique. In this
More informationNear-field Computation and. Uncertainty Estimation using Basic. Cylindrical-Spherical Formulae
Nea-field Computation and Uncetainty Estimation using Basic Cylindical-Spheical Fomulae Poject... IEC 63 Subject... Basic Nea-Field Computation Document numbe... N/A Revision... 3 Autho... F.D. du Plessis
More informationImpact of bilateral filter parameters on medical image noise reduction and edge preservation
The Univesity of Toledo The Univesity of Toledo Digital Repositoy Theses and Dissetations 2009 Impact of bilateal filte paametes on medical image noise eduction and edge pesevation Michael D. Lekan Medical
More informationAn Efficient Control Approach for DC-DC Buck-Boost Converter
2016 Published in 4th Intenational Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineeing and Science 3-5 Novembe 2016 (ISITES2016 Alanya/Antalya - Tukey) An Efficient Contol Appoach fo DC-DC Buck-Boost Convete
More informationInternational Journal of Engineering Research-Online A Peer Reviewed International Journal Articles available online
A Pee Reviewed Intenational Jounal Aticles available online http://www.ijoe.in REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN: 2321-7758 GAIN ENHANCEMENT OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING SQUARE ARRAY RAHUL GUPTA 1, BRIJESH DHAKKAR 2,GARIMA
More informationISSN: [Reddy & Rao* et al., 5(12): December, 2016] Impact Factor: 4.116
IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY SIMULATION COMPARISONS OF INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE WITH ESTIMATOR AND PLL V. Nasi Reddy *, S. Kishnajuna Rao*, S.Nagenda Kuma * Assistant
More informationSliding Mode Control for Half-Wave Zero Current Switching Quasi-Resonant Buck Converter
Sliding Mode Contol fo Half-Wave Zeo Cuent Switching Quasi-Resonant Buck Convete M. Ahmed, Student membe, IEEE, M. Kuisma, P. Silventoinen Abstact This pape focuses on the pactical implementation of sliding
More informationUNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION OF SIZE-OF-SOURCE EFFECT MEASUREMENT FOR 650 NM RADIATION THERMOMETERS
XIX IMEKO Wold Congess Fundamental and Applied Metology Septembe 6 11, 29, Lisbon, Potugal UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION OF SIZE-OF-SOURCE EFFECT MEASUREMENT FOR 65 NM RADIATION THERMOMETERS Fumihio Sakuma, Laina
More informationDiscrepancies Between Euclidean and Spherical Trigonometry. David Eigen
Discepancies Between Euclidean and Spheical Tigonomety David Eigen 1 Non-Euclidean geomety is geomety that is not based on the postulates of Euclidean geomety. The five postulates of Euclidean geomety
More informationVariance? which variance? R squared effect size measures in simple mediation models
Vaiance? which vaiance? squaed effect size measues in simple mediation models M This is it? med di X de Heus, P. (01). squaed effect size measues and ovelap between diect and indiect effect in mediation
More informationFeasibility of a triple mode, low SAR material coated antenna for mobile handsets
Loughboough Univesity Institutional Repositoy Feasibility of a tiple mode, low SAR mateial coated antenna fo mobile handsets This item was submitted to Loughboough Univesity's Institutional Repositoy by
More informationChamber Influence Estimation for Radiated Emission Testing in the Frequency Range of 1 GHz to 18 GHz
Chambe Influence Estimation fo Radiated Emission Testing in the Fequency Range of 1 GHz to 18 GHz Alexande Kiz Electomagnetic Compatibility and RF-Engineeing ARC eibesdof eseach GmbH eibesdof, Austia alexande.kiz@acs.ac.at
More informationTHE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES. School of Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications
THE UNIESITY OF NEW SOUTH WAES School of Electical Engineeing & Telecommunications EE97 POWE EETONIS FO ENEWABE AND DISTIBUTED GENEATION EXAMINATION Session (Supplementay Exam) TIME AOWED: 3 hous TOTA
More informationDesign of A Circularly Polarized E-shaped Patch Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth for 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications
VNU Jounal of Science: Comp. Science & Com. Eng., Vol. 31, No. 2 (2015) 1-7 Design of A Ciculaly Polaized E-shaped Patch Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth fo 2.4 GHz WLAN Applications Hong Van Tam 1, Luong
More informationChapter 9 Cascode Stages and Current Mirrors
Chapte 9 Cascode Stages and Cuent Mios 9. Cascode Stage 9. Cuent Mios CH 9 Cascode Stages and Cuent Mios Boosted Output Impedances S O S m out E O E m out g g Bipola Cascode Stage [ g ( )] out m O O O
More informationVLSI Implementation of Low Complexity MIMO Detection Algorithms
, Impact Facto :.643 eissn : 349-000 & pissn : 394-4544 Intenational Jounal of Reseach and Applications (Ap-Jun 015 Tansactions) (6): 309-313 Intenational Confeence on Emeging Tends in Electonics & Telecommunications
More informationFuzzy ogic Impoved Static Synchonous Compensato to Contol Voltage of a Gid-connected Squiel Cage Induction Geneato Reza Shaifian Dastjedi 1, Ehsan Jafai 2, Fashad Kabii 3, ayam Ghaebi anah 4 1,2,3,4 Depatment
More informationOPTIMUM MEDIUM ACCESS TECHNIQUE FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEMS
9 th Febuay. Vol. 3 No. 5 - JATIT & LLS. All ights eseved. ISSN: 99-5 www.jatit.og E-ISSN: 7-395 OPTIMUM MEDIUM ACCESS TECHNIQUE FOR NEXT GENERATION WIRELESS SYSTEMS N.AMUTHA PRABHA, V.MANIANDAN VIT UNIVERSITY,
More informationPublished in: International Journal of Material Forming. Document Version: Peer reviewed version
A Vitual Inspection Technique fo Assessing the Dimensional Accuacy of Foged Compesso Blades Using FE Modeling and CMM Inspection Makem, J., Ou, H., Amstong, C., Rennie, A., & Nikov, S. (2008). A Vitual
More informationExperimental Investigation of Influence on Non-destructive Testing by Form of Eddy Current Sensor Probe
Expeimental Investigation of Influence on Non-destuctive Testing by Fom of Eddy Cuent Senso Pobe Fengyun Xie * and Jihui Zhou School of Mechanical and Electonical Engineeing, East China Jiaotong Univesity,
More informationECE 6640 Digital Communications
ECE 6640 Digital Communications D. Badley J. Bazuin Assistant ofesso Depatment of Electical and Compute Engineeing College of Engineeing and Applied Sciences Chapte 5 5. Communications Link Analysis. 1.
More informationEfficient Power Control for Broadcast in Wireless Communication Systems
Efficient Powe Contol fo Boadcast in Wieless Communication Systems A. T. Chonopoulos Compute Science Depatment Univesity of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio, TX Email:atc@cs.utsa.edu P. Cotae Depatment
More informationONE-WAY RADAR EQUATION / RF PROPAGATION
ONE-WAY RADAR EQUATION / RF PROPAGATION The one-way (tansmitte to eceive) ada equation is deived in this section. This equation is most commonly used in RWR o ESM type of applications. The following is
More informationDesign and Characterization of Conformal Microstrip Antennas Integrated into 3D Orthogonal Woven Fabrics
Design and Chaacteization of Confomal Micostip Antennas Integated into 3D Othogonal Woven Fabics Xin Wang 1, Lan Yao 1, Fujun Xu 2, Dongchun Zhou 1, Yiping Qiu 1 1 College of Textiles, Donghua Univesity,
More informationAbsolute calibration of null correctors using twin computer-generated holograms
Absolute calibation of null coectos using twin compute-geneated hologams Poteep C.V. Mallik a, Rene Zehnde a, James H. Buge a, Alexande Poleshchuk b a College of Optical Sciences, The Univesity of Aizona,
More informationA New Buck-Boost DC/DC Converter of High Efficiency by Soft Switching Technique
A New Buck-Boost D/D onvete of High Efficiency by Soft Switching Technique Dong-Kul Kwak, Seung-Ho Lee, and Do-Young Jung Pofessional Gaduate School of Disaste Pevention, Kangwon National Univesity, 45-711,
More informationComparison Between Known Propagation Models Using Least Squares Tuning Algorithm on 5.8 GHz in Amazon Region Cities
106 Compaison Between Known Popagation Models Using Least Squaes Tuning Algoithm on 5.8 GHz in Amazon Region Cities Buno S. L. Casto, Mácio R. Pinheio, Gevásio P. S. Cavalcante Fedeal Univesity of Paá
More informationPERFORMANCE OF TOA ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES IN INDOOR MULTIPATH CHANNELS
PERFORMANCE OF TOA ESTIMATION TECHNIQUES IN INDOOR MULTIPATH CHANNELS Xinong Li, Kaveh Pahlavan, and Jacques Beneat Cente fo Wiele Infomation Netwo Studies Electical and Compute Engineeing Depatment, Woceste
More informationJune 2012 Volume 1, Issue 3 Article #07
Scholas www.setscholas.og Knowledge is Powe June 2012 Volume 1, Issue 3 Aticle #07 IJASETR Reseach Pape ISSN: 1839-7239 Modeling of themal adiation in the intenal sections of a Thee-phase AC electical
More informationThe Experimental Study of Possibility for Radar Target Detection in FSR Using L1-Based Non-Cooperative Transmitter
The Expeimental Study of Possibility fo Rada Taget Detection in FSR Using L1-Based on-coopeative Tansmitte Ch. Kabakchiev 1, I. Gavanov, V. Beha 3, H. Rohling 4 1 Faculty of Mathematics & Infomatics,Sofia
More informationA Transmission Scheme for Continuous ARQ Protocols over Underwater Acoustic Channels
A Tansmission Scheme fo Continuous ARQ Potocols ove Undewate Acoustic Channels Mingsheng Gao 1, Wee-Seng Soh 1 and Meixia Tao 2 1 Dept. of Electical & Compute Engineeing, National Univesity of Singapoe,
More informationThis article presents the
A Ciculaly Polaized 6 GHz Micostip Antenna Hee is a mm-wave antenna suitable fo WLAN systems By V. A. Volkov, M. D. Panes Asco, and V. D. Koolkov and R. G. Shifman Resonance This aticle pesents the design
More informationAMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
ENGINEERING COMMITTEE Inteface Pactices Subcommittee AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/SCTE 48-1 2015 Test Method fo Measuing Shielding Effectiveness of Passive and Active Devices Using a GTEM Cell NOTICE
More informationHelical Antenna Performance in Wideband Communications
Helical Antenna Pefomance in Wideband Communications Maja Šekelja 1, Zoan Blažević, Maino Maslać 3 1,,3 Univesity of Split, Faculty of Electical Engineeing, Mechanical Engineeing and Naval Achitectue,
More informationHexagonal Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite and Military Applications
Intenational Jounal of Engineeing and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 49 8958, Volume-7 Issue-5, June 08 Hexagonal Shaped Micostip Patch Antenna fo Satellite and Militay Applications Jayaenjini N, Unni
More informationTrigonometry: Angles between 0 and 360
Chapte 6 Tigonomet: Angles between 0 and 360 Leaning objectives B the end of this chapte, the students should be able to:. Detemine the sine, cosine and tangent of an angle between 0 and 360.. Given sin
More informationMIMO OTA Testing in Small Multi-Probe Anechoic Chamber Setups Llorente, Ines Carton; Fan, Wei; Pedersen, Gert F.
Aalbog Univesitet MIMO OTA Testing in Small Multi-Pobe Anechoic Chambe Setups Lloente, Ines Caton; Fan, Wei; Pedesen, Get F. Published in: I E E E Antennas and Wieless Popagation Lettes DOI (link to publication
More informationOptimised Wireless Network Using Smart Mobile Terminal Antenna (SMTA) System
Optimised Wieless Netwok Using Smat Mobile Teminal Antenna (SMTA) System Autho Lu, Junwei, Sciven, Ian, Wate, Wayne Published 2010 Confeence Title Poceedings of IEEE APEMC2010 DOI https://doi.og/10.1109/apemc.2010.5475858
More informationChapter 5: Trigonometric Functions of Angles
Chapte 5: Tigonometic Functions of Angles In the pevious chaptes we have exploed a vaiety of functions which could be combined to fom a vaiety of shapes. In this discussion, one common shape has been missing:
More informationAnalysis and Implementation of LLC Burst Mode for Light Load Efficiency Improvement
Analysis and Implementation of LLC Bust Mode fo Light Load Efficiency Impovement Bin Wang, Xiaoni Xin, Stone Wu, Hongyang Wu, Jianping Ying Delta Powe Electonics Cente 238 Minxia Road, Caolu Industy Zone,
More informationVTU NOTES QUESTION PAPERS NEWS VTU RESULTS FORUM BOOKSPAR ANDROID APP UNIT-4
NTENN & PROPGTION 6EC6 1EC6 UNIT- Unit : Loop and Hon ntenna: Intoduction, small loop, compaison of fa field of small loop and shot dipole, loop antenna geneal case, fa field pattens of cicula loop, adiation
More information1 Performance and Cost
Pefomance and Cost Analysis and Reseach of Ai-Cooled Using Small Diamete Coppe Tubes Wu Yang, Li Changsheng and Deng Bin Abstact Replacing coppe tubes with aluminum tubes and using coppe tubes with smalle
More informationA New Method of VHF Antenna Gain Measurement Based on the Two-ray Interference Loss
7 nd Intenational Confeence on Atificial Intelligence and Engineeing Applications (AIEA 7) ISBN: 978--6595-485- A New Method of VH Antenna Gain Measuement Based on the Two-ay Intefeence Loss ZHIEI YANG,
More informationECE 6640 Digital Communications
ECE 6640 Digital Communications D. Badley J. Bazuin Assistant ofesso Depatment of Electical and Compute Engineeing College of Engineeing and Applied Sciences Chapte 5 5. Communications Link Analysis. 1.
More informationInvestigation into the feasibility of using a parametric array control source in an active noise control system
Poceedings of ACOUSTICS 005 9-11 Novembe 005, Busselton, Westen Austalia Investigation into the feasibility of using a paametic aay contol souce in an active noise contol system Laua A. Books, Anthony
More informationCCSDS Coding&Synchronization Working Group March Washington DC, USA SLS-C&S_08-CNES02
CCSDS Coding&Synchonization Woking Goup Mach 2008 1 Washington DC, USA DVB-S2 like fame constuction and LDPC codes ate o/and size extension fo use of Vaiable Coding & Modulation suitable fo X and Ka bands
More informationINVESTIGATION OF CLOSE-TO-WALL WIRELESS SENSOR DEPLOYMENT USING 2D FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN MODELLING. Y. Wu and I. J.
2 nd Intenational Confeence on Wieless Communications in Undegound and Confined Aeas August 25-27, 2008 Val-d O - Québec - Canada INVESTIGATION OF CLOSE-TO-WALL WIRELESS SENSOR DEPLOYMENT USING 2D FINITE-DIFFERENCE
More informationWall Compensation for Ultra Wideband Applications
64 A. MUQAIBEL, N. IYA, U. JOHAR, WALL COMPENSATION FOR ULTRA WIDEBAND APPLICATIONS Wall Compensation fo Ulta Wideband Applications Ali H. MUQAIBEL, Nuuddeen M. IYA, Uma M. JOHAR Dept. of Electical Engineeing,
More informationFigure 1-1 Sample Antenna Pattern
1.0 ANTENNAS 1.1 INTRODUCTION In EE 619 we discussed antennas fom the view point of antenna apetue, beam width and gain, and how they elate. Moe specifically, we dealt with the equations and 4 Ae G (1-1)
More informationcos s Presentation Layout HIGH ACCURACY REAL-TIME DAM MONITORING USING LOW COST GPS EQUIPMENT
HIGH ACCURACY REAL-TIME DAM MONITORING USING LOW COST GPS EQUIPMENT Pesentation Layout GPS in Engineeing Monitoing. GPS Caie Phase Multipath Eo Multipath Sideeal-day Coection Technique Poposed Technique
More informationCurrent Compensation Techniques for Lowvoltage High-performance Current Mirror Circuits
Southen Illinois Univesity Cabondale OpenSIUC Aticles Depatment of Electical and Compute Engineeing 7-06 Cuent Compensation Techniques fo Lowvoltage High-pefomance Cuent Mio Cicuits Stefan Leitne Haibo
More informationOn Reducing Blocking Probability in Cooperative Ad-hoc Networks
On educing Blocking Pobability in Coopeative Ad-hoc Netwoks Ayda Basyouni, Walaa Hamouda ept of Electical and Compute Engineeing Concodia Univesity, Monteal, Canada Email: {a basy,hamouda}@ececoncodiaca
More informationStudy on Arc Envelope Grinding Process of Revolving Curved Surface Lingye Kong1, a,qiusheng Yan2,b,Yongliang Qiu1,c and Tengxiong Qiu1,d
nd Intenational Confeence on Machiney, Mateials Engineeing, Chemical Engineeing and iotechnology (MMECE 015 Study on Ac Envelope Ginding Pocess of Revolving Cuved Suface Lingye Kong1, a,qiusheng Yan,b,Yongliang
More informationDiscussion #7 Example Problem This problem illustrates how Fourier series are helpful tools for analyzing electronic circuits. Often in electronic
Discussion #7 Example Poblem This poblem illustates how Fouie seies ae helpful tools fo analyzing electonic cicuits. Often in electonic cicuits we need sinusoids of vaious fequencies But we may aleady
More informationNew Approach for Optimizing Control of Switched Reluctance Generator
New Appoach fo Optimizing Contol of Switched Reluctance Geneato R. Rebbah, A. Bentounsi and H. Benalla Abstact This pape pesents a new switching appoach that detemines the optimal contol of the Switched
More information1550 nm WDM read-out of volume holographic memory
55 nm WDM ead-out of volume hologaphic memoy Maia Chiaa Ubaldi *, Piepaolo Boffi, Davide Piccinin *, Elisabetta Flavia Rondinella and Maio Matinelli * CoeCom, Via Ampee 3, 23 Milano-Italy * Also with Dept.
More informationMitigation of GPS Multipath Using Polarization and Spatial Diversities
Mitigation of GPS Multipath Using Polaization and Spatial ivesities Matthew Benneman, Jade Moton Chun Yang Fank van Gaas Miami Univesity Sigtem Technology, Inc. Ohio Univesity BIOGRAPIES Matthew Benneman
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 100 (2015 )
Available online at www.sciencediect.com ScienceDiect Pocedia Engineeing 1 (215 ) 1 14 25th DAAAM Intenational Symposium on Intelligent Manufactuing and Automation DAAAM 214 Measuement of Complex Pemittivity
More informationAntenna fundamentals: With answers to questions and problems (See also Chapter 9 in the textbook.)
adio Technology Metopolia/A. Koivumäki Antenna fundamentals: With answes to questions and poblems (See also Chapte 9 in the textbook.) 1. a) Make up a definition fo the tem "antenna". Answe: One definition:
More informationAn Ultra Low Power Segmented Digital-to-Analog Converter
An Ulta Low Powe Segmented Digital-to-Analog onvete Manoj Kuma Univesity Institute of Engineeing and Technology, Mahashi Dayanand Univesity, Rohtak-4, Hayana, India. Raj Kuma Pofesso and Diecto, Mata Raj
More informationA birefringent etalon as single-mode selector in a laser cavity
A biefingent etalon as single-mode selecto in a lase cavity Kyle S. Gadne, Richad H. Abam and Eling Riis Depatment of Physics, Univesity of Stathclyde, Glasgow, G4 NG, Scotland e.iis@stath.ac.uk Abstact:
More informationInvestigation for the Optimal Thermo Hydraulic Performance in Three Sides Artificially Roughened Solar Air Heaters
Investigation fo the Optimal Themo Hydaulic Pefomance in Thee Sides Atificially Roughened Sola Ai Heates Ashwini Kuma 1, Auna Kuma Behua 2, Ravi Kuma 3 1 Assistant Pofesso, Depatment of Mechanical Engineeing,
More informationInvestigation. Name: a About how long would the threaded rod need to be if the jack is to be stored with
Think Unit bout 6 This Lesson Situation 1 Investigation 1 Name: Think about the design and function of this automobile jack. Use the uto Jack custom tool to test ou ideas. a bout how long would the theaded
More informationPerformance Analysis of Z-Source Inverter Considering Inductor Resistance
Pefomance Analysis of Z-Souce Invete Consideing Inducto Resistance Fatma A. Khea * and Essam Eddin M. Rashad ** Electic Powe and Machines Engineeing Depatment, Faculty of Engineeing, anta Univesity, anta,
More informationCyclic Constellation Mapping Method for PAPR Reduction in OFDM system
2013 8th Intenational Confeence on Communications and Netwoking in China (CHINACOM) Cyclic Constellation Mapping Method fo PAPR Reduction in OFDM system Yong Cheng, Jianhua Ge, Jun Hou, and Fengkui Gong
More informationStatement of Works Data Template Version: 4.0 Date:
Statement of Woks Data Template Vesion: 4.0 Date: 16.08.17 This Statement of Woks (SoW) Data Template is to be completed by Distibution Netwok Opeatos (DNOs) in ode to povide National Gid the equied data
More informationSignal Extraction Technology
Extaction Technology Intoduction Masimo SET pulse oximety is a new and fundamentally distinct method of acquiing, pocessing and epoting ateial oxygen satuation and pulse ate. As illustated below, Masimo
More informationInvestigation and Analysis of Inception Voltage and Field Distribution in Power Cables with Internal Cavities in Dielectric
Investigation and Analysis of Inception Voltage and Field Distibution in Powe Cables with Intenal Cavities in Dielectic A. A. Hossam-Eldin Electical Eng. Depatment Faculty of Engineeing Alexandia Univesity,
More informationECEN326: Electronic Circuits Fall 2017
ECEN36: Electonic Cicuits Fall 07 Lectue 4: Cascode Stages and Cuent Mios Sam Palemo Analog & Mixed-Signal Cente Texas A&M Univesity Announcements HW3 due 0/4 Exam 0/9 9:0-0:0 (0 exta minutes) Closed book
More informationSpread Spectrum Codes Identification by Neural Networks
in "Systems and Contol: heoy and Applications", published by WSES, 2, pp. 257-262, ISBN 96-852-4 Spead Spectum Codes Identification by Neual Netwoks Céline BOUDER, Gilles BUREL Laboatoie d Electonique
More informationChannel Modelling ETIM10. Fading Statistical description of the wireless channel
Channel Modelling ETIM10 Lectue no: 3 Fading Statistical desciption of the wieless channel Ghassan Dahman \ Fedik Tufvesson Depatment of Electical and Infomation Technology Lund Univesity, Sweden 013-01-8
More informationHard machining of steel grades up to 65 HRC. High-efficiency carbide cutters with ultra-high performance in hard machining applications
Had machining of steel gades up to 65 HRC High-efficiency cabide cuttes with ulta-high pefomance in had machining applications Title END MILLS FOR STEEL UP TO 65 HRC SOLID CARBIDE END MILLS Highly efficient
More informationPPP-RTK PLATFORM PERFORMANCE BASED ON SINGLE-FREQUENCY GPS DATA
PPP-RTK PLATFORM PERFORMANCE BASED ON SINGLE-FREQUENCY GPS DATA Dennis Odik *, Pete J.G. Teunissen, and Baocheng Zhang Reseach Fellow, GNSS Reseach Cente, Depatment of Spatial Sciences, Cutin Univesity,
More informationINCREMENTAL REDUNDANCY (IR) SCHEMES FOR W-CDMA HS-DSCH
ICREMETAL REDUDACY (IR) SCHEMES FOR W-CDMA HS-DSCH Amitava Ghosh 1, Kenneth Stewat, Rapeepat Ratasuk 1, Eoin Buckley, and Raa Bachu 1 Advanced Radio Technology, GTSS, Motoola, Alington Heights, IL, USA
More informationKey Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, China Earthquake Administration, China
Shake Table Test fo Lage Indiect-Ai-Cooling Towe Stuctue of Fie Powe Plant Pat I Junwu DAI, Yongqiang YANG & Xuan WNG Key Laboatoy of athquake ngineeing and ngineeing Vibation, China athquake Administation,
More informationIAS 2.4. Year 12 Mathematics. Contents. Trigonometric Relationships. ulake Ltd. Robert Lakeland & Carl Nugent
Yea 12 Mathematics IS 2.4 Tigonometic Relationships Robet Lakeland & al Nugent ontents chievement Standad.................................................. 2 icula Measue.......................................................
More informationIEEE Broadband Wireless Access Working Group < Modifications to the Feedback Methodologies in UL Sounding
Poject Title Date Submitted IEEE 802.16 Boadband Wieless Access Woking Goup Modifications to the Feedback Methodologies in UL Sounding 2008-01-14 Souce(s) Fed Vook, Jeff Zhuang,
More informationFlexible PVDF comb transducers for excitation of axisymmetric guided waves in pipe
Sensos and Actuatos A 100 (2002) 18 23 Flexible PVDF comb tansduces fo excitation of axisymmetic guided waves in pipe Thomas R. Hay *, Joseph L. Rose ESM Depatment, Pennsylvania State Univesity, 212 EES
More informationStudy and Design of Dual Frequency High Gain and Conformal Microstrip Patch Antenna
, pp.236-243 http://dx.doi.og/10.14257/astl.2017.147.33 Study and Design of Dual Fequency High Gain and Confomal Micostip Patch Antenna S. Auna 1, K. Sinivasa Naik 2, J. Ramesh 2 and D. Madhu 2 1 Andha
More informationTwo Novel Measurements for the Drive-Mode Resonant Frequency of a Micromachined Vibratory Gyroscope
Sensos 2013, 13, 15770-15784; doi:10.3390/s131115770 Aticle OPEN ACCESS sensos ISSN 1424-8220 www.mdpi.com/jounal/sensos Two Novel Measuements fo the Dive-Mode Resonant Fequency of a Micomachined Vibatoy
More informationPSO driven RBFNN for design of equilateral triangular microstrip patch antenna
Indian Jounal of Radio & Space Physics Vol. 38, August 009, pp 33-37 PSO diven RBF fo design of equilateal tiangula micostip patch antenna Vidya Saga Chintakindi,$, Shyam Sunda Pattnaik,#,*, O P Bajpai
More informationOptic Cable Tracking and Positioning Method Based on Distributed Optical Fiber Vibration Sensing
08 5th Intenational Confeence on Electical & Electonics Engineeing and Compute Science (ICEEECS 08) Optic Cable Tacking and Positioning Method Based on Distibuted Optical Fibe Vibation Sensing Zhang Chao,
More information4 Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions
MATH983/954 Mathematics 0C/C. Geneal infomation fo the academic yea 0-03: Lectue: D Theodoe Voonov, Room.09, School of Mathematics, Alan Tuing Building, email: theodoe.voonov@mancheste.ac.uk. Lectues:
More informationInvestigate Surface Area of Three-Dimensional Objects
2.2 Suface Aea Blackfoot Cossing Exhibit Hall Focus on solving poblems involving the suface aea of theedimensional objects finding an unknown dimension of a theedimensional object given its suface aea
More informationNICKEL RELEASE REGULATIONS, EN 1811:2011 WHAT S NEW?
NICKEL RELEASE REGULATIONS, EN 1811:2011 WHAT S NEW? BACKGROUND: EN 1811 is the intenationally ecognised test method which was devised almost 12 yeas ago to detemine the ate of nickel elease fom jewelley,
More information