Speech Quality Assessment for Wideband Communication Scenarios
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1 Speech Quality Assessment for Wideband Communication Scenarios H. W. Gierlich, S. Völl, F. Kettler (HEAD acoustics GmbH) P. Jax (IND, RWTH Aachen) Workshop on Wideband Speech Quality in Terminals and Networks supported by:
2 Outline General aspects of speech quality in wideband systems Subjective evaluations Conversational tests Speech intelligibility Background noise transmission Echo tests Summary
3 Speech Quality Parameters from the user s perspective talking situation speech quality listening situation conversational situation
4 Auditory Parameters contributing to speech quality: Narrow band (Speech) sound quality Loudness Quality of background noise transmission Delay and echo Double talk capability Switching and echo single talk/double talk (System) noise Wide band Different quality perception Loudness (WB) Different quality Perception? Different quality Perception? Double talk capability Different quality Perception? Different quality Perception
5 Roadmap for the development of objective measurements 1. Conversational tests! parameter identification (qualitative) 2. Listening-only tests! quantitative judgement 3. Development of objective measurement methods to reproduce the results of the LOT! Quality evaluation of wideband systems without subjective tests
6 Outline General aspects of speech quality in wideband systems Subjective evaluations Conversational tests Speech intelligibility Background noise transmission Echo tests Summary
7 Conversational Tests Purpose: identification of parameters characterizing the communicational quality in wideband systems Test conditions: Experts tests Kandisky -test 4 wideband codecs under test 3 conditions for each codec: normal conversation, with music in office room, with babble in office room free answering
8 Setup and test procedure Setup: normal office HFT 1 EC&CC Codec A, B, C HFT 2 EC off Sound-proof cabinet G.722 G.722 PC for BGN Test procedure: Different codecs included One echo-canceller for all tests
9 Results Sorting the comments in categories: Speech sound quality, echo behavior, Quality of background noise, others (e.g. noise, clipping) Example: speech sound quality codec comments G.722 AMR-WB AMR-WB2 BWE sounds naturally, high dynamic... sounds rough, naturally, distorted,... high dynamic, hollow, clank,... rattles, crackles, blunt sound,...
10 Conclusion Relevant parameters to be studied further: sound of speech Echo: level, masking, intelligibility quality of background noise transmission Noise Double talk Switching/clipping Design of listening-only tests concerning speech intelligibility: narrow band vs. wide band quality of transmitted background noise annoyance of echo
11 Outline General aspects of speech quality in wideband systems Subjective evaluations Conversational tests Speech intelligibility Background noise transmission Echo tests Summary
12 Speech intelligibility test Sensitive test: logatom-test Consonant vowel consonant Informal test: 3x 12 test persons, 29 logatoms Test persons note the word they understood
13 Recording & Listening Recording: normal office PCM / AMR-WB / ISDN Sound-proof cabinet PC Listening: test persons listen to the artificial head recordings
14 Results Increased intelligibility for wideband codecs % correct logatoms % 4 logatoms ISDN PCM 16 bit AMR 12,65 kbit/s codec
15 Outline General aspects of speech quality in wideband systems Subjective evaluations Conversational tests Speech intelligibility Background noise transmission Echo tests Summary
16 Background noise assessment: music Background noise: additional information about talkers environment Tests with untrained persons: assessment on a 5 point MOS scale experts: assessment on a 5 point MOS scale and giving reasons why 16 different codecs under test
17 Background noise tests Recording listening samples: normal office HFT 1 codec or filter HFT 2 sound-proof cabinet PC for BGN PC Listening: test persons listen to artificial head recordings ACR scale: excellent good fair poor bad
18 5 Results 3 quality levels with significantly different MOS - values Quality of transmitted background music MOS-LQS - wideband - good intelligibility of music PCM G722 MP3 G G.722-HP ISDN G.722-NB BWE-U Codec AMR8 G.722-TP BWE-O BWE-U+O AMR-2 IND0 AMR2CN AMR-0 - narrowband - good intelligibility of music - mostly wideband - bad intelligibility of music
19 Outline General aspects of speech quality in wideband systems Subjective evaluations Conversational tests Speech intelligibility Background noise transmission Echo tests Summary
20 Echo annoyance test Using hands-free telephones! echo disturbances a dominant problem Investigation of the annoying aspects of echo using wide-band links: influence of echo sound, influence of echo level, influence of codec,... Mean one-way transmission time constant for all listening samples: 170 ms
21 Echo annoyance tests Recording: normal office echo HFT 1 EC off CC off codec or filter PC HFT 2 EC on CC on sound-proof cabinet Listening: test persons listen to the artificial head recordings:! direct speech + echo
22 Tests & assessment Tests with untrained persons: assessment on a 5 point MOS scale experts: assessment on a 5 point MOS scale and giving reasons why DCR scale: 5 echo is inaudible 4 echo is audible, but not annoying 3 echo is slightly annoying 2 echo is annoying 1 echo is very annoying
23 Echo levels TCLw acc. ITU-T P.79 normal office HFT 1 echo RLR EC off CC off TCLw = 27 db! low echo level 21 db! medium echo level 13 db! high echo level Note: hands-free on boths sides, SLR = 7dB, RLR = 5dB (including HFT correction of 14 db) => TELR(max) = 39dB! Investigation of codec and echo level
24 Results Comparision of annoyance by echo level (experts) 5 Echo annoyance high echo level medium echo level low echo level MOS-LQS PCM G MP3 G722 AMR, 12 kbit/s AMR WB 2, 12 kbit/s BWE ISDN codec!differences for echos with the same echo level!echo masked by direct speech
25 Influence of the bandwidth Filtering of the echo signal db 30 Filter wideband wideband f>300 Hz wideband f<3400 narrow band narrow band lv. Adj low freq. increased low freq. decreased high freq. increased high freq. strongly increased > f/hz Speech modulated noise (two examples) Level adjustment to TCLw =! medium echo level
26 Results echo annoyance: dependency on bandwidth trained untrained significant differences between experts and untrained test persons wide-band f < 3400 Hz narrow-band narrow-band lv. adj. low freq. increased low freq. decreased high freq. increased high freq. strongly increased echo = modulated with noise echo = noise Variante wide-band wide-band f > 300 Hz MOS-LQS
27 Results echo annoyance High frequencies! very annoying Wide-band and low freq.! slightly annoying Experts more critical than untrained test persons Speech modulated noisy echo: Experts: very annoying! no advantages Untrained: felt insecure
28 Summary (1) Background noise transmission - relevant aspects: Bandwidth intelligibility / brightness / low distortion (small difference to the original) Echo annoyance - relevant aspects: Level Masking properties Distortion and frequency characteristics Additional parameters to be investigated subjectively: Noise Switching/clipping Double talk behavior
29 Summary (2) To do: Additional subjective testing Deriving/Adaptation of methods to measure Sound quality Echo Background noise transmission Double talk performance Switching/clipping Noise
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