Zippy: On-Demand Network Flooding
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1 Zippy: On-Demand etwork Flooding Felix utton, Bernhard Buchli, Jan Beutel, and Lothar Thiele enys 2015, eoul, outh Korea, 1 st 4 th ovember 2015 enys 2015
2 Problem tatement Energy-efficient wireless dissemination of rare events e.g. early-warning environmental monitoring Key design requirements Low end-to-end latency Maximize mote lifetime Felix utton enys
3 tate-of-the-art Approaches Backscatter Generation of dedicated signals / availability of ambient signals Limitations in range and multi-hop connectivity Low-power Duty-cycled Protocols Fundamental trade-off: End-to-end Latency vs. Mote Lifetime Felix utton enys
4 tate-of-the-art Approaches Backscatter Generation of dedicated signals / availability of ambient signals Limitations in range and multi-hop connectivity Low-power Duty-cycled Protocols Fundamental trade-off: End-to-end Latency vs. Mote Lifetime Glossy [1] [1] Ferrari et al. Efficient network flooding and time synchronization with glossy. IP 2011 Felix utton enys
5 tate-of-the-art Approaches Backscatter Generation of dedicated signals / availability of ambient signals Limitations in range and multi-hop connectivity Low-power Duty-cycled Protocols Fundamental trade-off: End-to-end Latency vs. Mote Lifetime Glossy [1] [1] Ferrari et al. Efficient network flooding and time synchronization with glossy. IP 2011 Felix utton enys
6 On-Demand etwork Flooding Initiator Participants Felix utton enys
7 On-Demand etwork Flooding Initiator Participants Felix utton enys
8 On-Demand etwork Flooding Felix utton enys
9 On-Demand etwork Flooding Felix utton enys
10 On-Demand etwork Flooding Felix utton enys
11 hallenges On-Demand Wake-up Always-on ultra-low power receiver Felix utton enys
12 hallenges On-Demand Wake-up Always-on ultra-low power receiver etwork ynchronization Per-hop synchronization Felix utton enys
13 hallenges On-Demand Wake-up Always-on ultra-low power receiver etwork ynchronization Per-hop synchronization Event Dissemination Bit-level propagation Felix utton enys
14 hallenges On-Demand Wake-up Always-on ultra-low power receiver etwork ynchronization Per-hop synchronization Event Dissemination Bit-level propagation oncurrent Transmissions Bit-level carrier diversity Felix utton enys
15 Zippy Overview Zippy Flood 1-bit 0-bit 1-bit 0-bit Initiator A TX TX TX TX 1 st Hop Participant B TX TX 2 nd Hop Participant OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
16 Zippy Overview 1. Asynchronous etwork Wake-up 1-bit 0-bit 1-bit 0-bit Initiator A TX TX TX TX 1 st Hop Participant B TX TX 2 nd Hop Participant OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
17 Zippy Overview Initiator A 2. eighborhood ynchronization 1-bit TX TX 0-bit 1-bit TX TX 0-bit 1 st Hop Participant B TX TX 2 nd Hop Participant OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
18 Zippy Overview 3. Data Propagation 1-bit 0-bit 1-bit 0-bit Initiator A TX TX TX TX 1 st Hop Participant B TX TX 2 nd Hop Participant OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
19 Zippy Overview Initiator A 4. arrier Frequency Randomization 1-bit TX TX 0-bit 1-bit TX TX 0-bit 1 st Hop Participant B TX TX 2 nd Hop Participant OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
20 Zippy Overview 1. Asynchronous etwork Wake-up 1-bit 0-bit 1-bit 0-bit Initiator A TX TX TX TX 1 st Hop Participant B TX TX 2 nd Hop Participant OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
21 Asynchronous etwork Wake-up Always-on ultra-low power wireless receiver Low-complexity modulation (On-Off Keying) Low-power receiver circuit (envelope detection) OOK Receiver [1] Passive OOK Demodulator Features: 434MHz IM Band Power dissipation: 3.0V ensitivity: -52dBm [2] Wake-up Receiver A3930 DATA [2] Gamm et al. Low power wake-up receiver for wireless sensor nodes. IIP 2010 Felix utton enys
![Asynchronous etwork Wake-up t Analog Input OOK Receiver [1] Passive OOK Demodulator [2] Wake-up Receiver A3930 DATA 1 0](/docs-images/88/116479641/images/22-0.jpg "Digital Output t [2] Gamm et al. Low power wake-up receiver for wireless sensor nodes.")
22 Asynchronous etwork Wake-up t Analog Input OOK Receiver [1] Passive OOK Demodulator [2] Wake-up Receiver A3930 DATA 1 0 Digital Output t [2] Gamm et al. Low power wake-up receiver for wireless sensor nodes. IIP 2010 Felix utton enys
23 Asynchronous etwork Wake-up OOK Transmitter OOK Receiver [1] Passive OOK Demodulator [2] Wake-up Receiver A3930 DATA MU [2] Gamm et al. Low power wake-up receiver for wireless sensor nodes. IIP 2010 Felix utton enys
24 Asynchronous etwork Wake-up Initiator A time T WAKE DATA 1 st Hop Participant B T sw1 time T WAKE DATA 2 nd Hop OOK Receiver [1] [2] Participant Passive OOK Demodulator Wake-up Receiver A3930 DATA time Felix utton enys
25 Asynchronous etwork Wake-up Initiator A time T WAKE DATA 1 st Hop Participant B T sw1 time T WAKE DATA 2 nd Hop OOK Receiver [1] [2] Participant Passive OOK Demodulator Wake-up Receiver A3930 DATA time Felix utton enys
26 Asynchronous etwork Wake-up Initiator A time T WAKE DATA 1 st Hop Participant B T sw1 time T WAKE 2 nd Hop Participant DATA time Felix utton enys
27 Asynchronous etwork Wake-up Initiator A time T WAKE DATA 1 st Hop Participant B T sw1 time T WAKE 2 nd Hop Participant DATA time Felix utton enys
28 haracterization Experiment Test etup: MU Initiator OOK Transmitter OOK Receiver Variable Attenuator OOK Transmitter OOK Receiver Participant MU Logic Analyzer Felix utton enys
29 haracterization Experiment Test etup: MU Initiator OOK Transmitter OOK Receiver Variable Attenuator OOK Transmitter OOK Receiver Participant MU Logic Analyzer Results: Felix utton enys
30 haracterization Experiment Test etup: MU Initiator OOK Transmitter OOK Receiver Variable Attenuator OOK Transmitter OOK Receiver Participant MU Logic Analyzer Results: ~240µs Felix utton enys
31 Zippy Overview Initiator A 2. eighborhood ynchronization 1-bit TX TX 0-bit 1-bit TX TX 0-bit 1 st Hop Participant B TX TX 2 nd Hop Participant OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
32 eighborhood ynchronization Initiator A T b time T DATA DATA 1 st Hop Participant B T sw2 time OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
33 eighborhood ynchronization Initiator A T b time T DATA DATA 1 st Hop Participant B T sw2 time OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
34 eighborhood ynchronization Initiator A T b time T DATA DATA 1 st Hop Participant B T sw2 time OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
35 haracterization Experiment ~13µs Felix utton enys
36 First ynchronization aveat Initiator A time (i) Participants must delay listening 1 st Hop Participant B T x time 2 nd Hop Participant T x time OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
37 econd ynchronization aveat Initiator A > (k+1)t x time (ii) Initiator must wait until all motes are listening 1 st Hop Participant B time 2 nd Hop Participant time OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
38 Zippy Overview 3. Data Propagation 1-bit 0-bit 1-bit 0-bit Initiator A TX TX TX TX 1 st Hop Participant B TX TX 2 nd Hop Participant OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
39 Data Propagation Initiator A st Hop Participant B 2 nd Hop Participant Felix utton enys
40 Data Propagation Initiator A st Hop Participant B nd Hop Participant Felix utton enys
41 Data Propagation 1-bit Initiator A TX TX 1 st Hop Participant B 2 nd Hop Participant Felix utton enys
42 Data Propagation Initiator A 1-bit TX TX Rule #1 Initiator transmits k sub-bits for k-hop dissemination 1 st Hop Participant B 2 nd Hop Participant Felix utton enys
43 Data Propagation 1-bit Initiator A TX TX 1 st Hop Participant B 1 Rule #2 Participants always listen for each sub-bit 2 nd Hop Participant 0 Felix utton enys
44 Data Propagation 1-bit Initiator A TX TX 1 st Hop Participant B 2 nd Hop Participant TX Rule #3 Participants relay sub-bits that are decoded as 1 Felix utton enys
45 Data Propagation 1-bit Initiator A TX TX 1 st Hop Participant B TX ( 1 1 ) = 1 2 nd Hop Participant ( 0 1 ) = 1 Felix utton enys
46 Data Propagation 1-bit 0-bit Initiator A TX TX 1 st Hop Participant B TX ( 0 0 ) = 0 2 nd Hop Participant ( 0 0 ) = 0 Felix utton enys
47 Zippy Overview Initiator A 4. arrier Frequency Randomization 1-bit TX TX 0-bit 1-bit TX TX 0-bit 1 st Hop Participant B TX TX 2 nd Hop Participant OOK Receiver ~10µW OOK Transmitter ~70mW Felix utton enys
48 arrier Frequency Randomization Overlapping OOK transmissions MU MU OOK Transmitter OOK Receiver OOK Transmitter OOK Receiver OOK Transmitter OOK Receiver MU onstructive Destructive Adversely impacts the operation of Zippy: Missed preamble detection Poor time synchronization Erroneous data propagation Felix utton enys
49 arrier Frequency Randomization Bit-level carrier diversity Randomize the carrier frequency within each sub-bit period Felix utton enys
50 Experimental Validation A 1 A 2 B... A 6 Many-to-One Topology Experimental etup Felix utton enys
51 arrier Frequency Randomization Felix utton enys
52 arrier Frequency Randomization Felix utton enys
53 arrier Frequency Randomization Felix utton enys
54 arrier Frequency Randomization Felix utton enys
55 Prototype Implementation 50Ω Passive OOK Demodulator OOK Transmitter 110L OOK Receiver Wake-up Receiver A3930 DATA GPIO PI MU MP430FR5969 GPIO PI Felix utton enys
56 Experimental Evaluation Receiver ensitivity Initiator A 1 Participant B6... False Wake-ups Participant Participant B2 Participant B1 abled Multi-hop Power Dissipation Testbed Deployment Felix utton enys
57 Experimental Evaluation Receiver ensitivity Initiator A 1 Participant B6... False Wake-ups Participant Participant B2 Participant B1 abled Multi-hop Power Dissipation Testbed Deployment Felix utton enys
58 False Wake-ups 24-hour evaluation within an office environment Mitigation techniques ommon-mode noise rejection Appropriate RF grounding and shielding Extended preamble detection Felix utton enys
59 Power [W] Power [W] Power Dissipation Zippy Flood Zippy Flood Time [ms] Felix utton enys
60 Power [W] Power [W] Power Dissipation leep 9.6µW Zippy Flood Active 70mW Zippy Flood Time [ms] Felix utton enys
61 Indoor Testbed Evaluation Deployed 13 Zippy motes into the FlockLab testbed mall and large network topologies 8- & 16-bit 1.3kbps 500 Zippy floods per configuration Felix utton enys
62 Packet Reception Rate [%] Wake-up Reception Rate [%] Results: Wake-up & Packet Reception Felix utton enys
63 Packet Reception Rate [%] Wake-up Reception Rate [%] Results: Wake-up & Packet Reception 100% Felix utton enys
![Packet Reception Rate [%] Wake-up Reception Rate [%]](/docs-images/88/116479641/images/64-0.jpg "Results: Wake-up & Packet Reception Felix utton enys")
64 Packet Reception Rate [%] Wake-up Reception Rate [%] Results: Wake-up & Packet Reception Felix utton enys
65 End-to-End Latency [ms] Transmission Time [ms] Results: Transmission Time & Latency Initiator 1 st hop 2 nd hop Felix utton enys
![End-to-End Latency [ms] Transmission Time [ms] Results:](/docs-images/88/116479641/images/66-0.jpg "Transmission Time & Latency 29.8ms 17.")
66 End-to-End Latency [ms] Transmission Time [ms] Results: Transmission Time & Latency 29.8ms 17.8ms Felix utton enys
67 Mean Per-hop ynchronization [s] Results: Per-hop ynchronization 143.5µs 21.9µs Felix utton enys
68 ummary Introduced Zippy, an asynchronous wireless protocol for the multi-hop dissemination of rare events Implementation on a custom wireless sensing platform dissipating less than 10µW during periods of no activity Demonstrated performance on an indoor testbed High packet reception rate for well-connected links Tight per-hop time synchronization in the order of 10µs End-to-end latency in the order of 10ms Felix utton enys
69 enys 2015
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