Transient high sensitive soot measurement. AVL Micro Soot Sensor. Manfred Linke

Transcription

1 Transient high sensitive soot measurement AVL Micro Soot Sensor Manfred Linke

2 Requirements on the measuring device High resolution and sensitivity to verify lowest emissions Transient measurement procedure Easy calibration and maintenance High reproducibility and repeatability Easy and flexible installation directly in a car or truck Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 2

3 AVL Micro Soot Sensor Transient measurement of soot concentration With high sensitivity (detection limit 10 µg/m³, typically ~ 5 µg/m³) Sensor signal is directly sensitive to soot concentration Standard interfaces (RS232 with AK protocol, DIO,...) Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 3

4 Measuring principle Microphone as detector Acoustic wave Exhaust gas will be directed through a measuring chamber and thermally animated by a modulated laser beam Soot particle Modulated expansion Modulated heating produces periodic pressure pulsation, which will be detected by a microphone as acoustic wave Modulated laser beam Modulated heating Signal will be amplified in a pre-amplifier and filtered in a Lock-In - amplifier. Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 4

5 Measuring principle Microphone Standing acoustic wave PA cell Realisation as resonant measuring cell Thereby a standing acoustic wave is be generated Modulated laser beam Acoustic Notch filter Particle flow Significant increase of sensitivity. Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 5

6 Measuring principle Simple resonant cell: Window sooting due to flow disturbances Double Counterflow Cell Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 6

7 AVL Micro Soot Sensor Inside Safety switch Measuring chamber Fiber optic cable Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 7

8 Applications For diesel and gasoline engines Diluted measurements at engine- and vehicle test beds Research & Development Production Future On-Board application Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 8

9 Example: Application package R&D Exhaust Aftertreatment Efficiency of Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) Diluter D P F Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 9

10 Example: Application package R&D Efficiency of a Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) e.g. Heavy Duty: European Stationary Cycle (ESC) without and with a PM Kat µg/m ESC1,2 (without PM_KAT) and 6 (with PM_KAT) ESC 1 ESC 2 ESC time 1500 (s) 1800 Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 10

11 Example: Application package R&D Efficiency of a Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) e.g. Heavy Duty: European Transient Cycle (ETC) without and with a PM Kat 2000 g/m ETC 3 (without PM_KAT) and 5,6 (with PM_KAT) ETC 3 ETC 5 ETC time(s) 1800 Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 11

12 Example: Application package R&D NEDC without PM Kat Efficiency of a Diesel Particle Filter (DPF) e.g. Light Duty: NEDC as example without filter Measurement was performed directly from CVS dilution tunnel Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 12

13 Correlation AVL 483 vs. Gravimetry PASS (mg/m3) Correlation PASS vs. Gravimetry mean cycle concentration 2.0 y = 0.914x R 2 = Korrelation PASS - Gravimetrie BC, gravimetric (mg/m3) Partikelmasse [mg] über Gravimetrie y = 1,0495x + 14,503 R 2 = 0,9873 y = 1,0722x + 26,343 R 2 = 0,9768 Grav - ECE Grav - EUDC EU-Gesamt Linear (Grav - ECE) Linear (EU-Gesamt) 100 y = 1,0831x + 14,738 R 2 = 0, Russmasse [mg] über PASS Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 13

14 Software Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 14

15 Benefits and USP s Optimal cost/performance ratio Transient measurement of soot concentration Data rate: 10Hz digital, 100Hz analog Phys. Signal rise time: 1 s High sensitivity and wide measuring range (5 µg/m³ - 50 mg/m³) High repeatability (development target < 5% of meas. value) and reproducibility (development target < 10% of meas. value) Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 15

16 Benefits and USP s Usable also for measurements after particulate filters due to high sensitivity Easy calibration Calibration with soot generator at checkout Automatic internal calibration for sensitivity Low maintenance Weekly cleaning of windows and filter change Monthly cleaning of measuring chamber and pump Easy integration into test bed e.g. AK-Protocol Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 16

17 Outlook for In-Use Measurement Micro Soot Sensor is already applicable for In- Use Measurements Open point is still the dilution AVL has started development, but looks in parallel for cooperation Schedule for dilution unit is not yet fixed

18 AVL Approach... Mobile and Transient Opacity Measurement Klinkerbild

19 AVL On The Road Opacimeter Partial-flow opacimeter for online measurement of diesel engine exhaust Mobile online-opacity measurement Recording of the visible smoke curve during driving tests Satisfies measurement demands on vehicles during engine improvement and for special application in R&D Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 19

20 AVL OTR Opacimeter Acceptable size and weight Plug & Play system with minimised effort for installation Well known measurement principle (opacity measurement in workshops and garages for annual checks) Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 20

21 AVL OTR Opacimeter - Main Components Special Equipment for OTR Sampling Rack for Sensor Unit On-Board Sample Probe Control Unit Partial Flow Opacimeter AVL DiSmoke 4000light AC/DC Converter Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 21

22 OTR Opacimeter - Application Sensor Unit Rack for the Sensor Unit: One tricky Opportunity is the application on the Trailer Coupling. Another would be the application inside the car. Take care to lead out the exhaust gas of the passenger room! Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 22

23 OTR Opacimeter - Application Control Unit Control Unit: Application inside the car Using the Analog Output for Data Acquisition Cable Remote Control: Easy Operation of the System Positioned very close to the Driver Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 23

24 OTR Opacimeter - Benefits Your Benefits at a Glance: Established measurement technology from AVL Short application time Minor demand on tools for the application One sample line for different exhaust gas duct diameters Build-in calibration (Linearity check) High measurement dynamic Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 24

25 AVL Solution for Opacity Measurement Opacimeter 439 G004 High sensitivity Thermal conditioning and optimal length of the optical measurement chamber enable application for development and certification of EU 4/5 engines Detection limit Opacimeter 439 G004 0,1% opacity at 50 Hz data rate Low maintenance Special surface coating of optical components (heated windows) allows for continuous measurement without interrupt for long-run testing Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 25

26 439 for Onboard Application Onboard Measurement Standard 439 Special sample probe Voltage converter for power supply High measurement accuracy Comparison of the test bed and onboard samples are given High reliability as known from the test bed measurements Presentation Guidelines 01/2004 Page 26