MUS 302 ENGINEERING SECTION
|
|
- Augustus Ramsey
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 MUS 302 ENGINEERING SECTION Wiley Ross: Recording Studio Coordinator Twitter=> Web page => Youtube Channel=>
2 FREE AUDIO SOFTWARE (30 day trial)
3 LECTURE 1 Sound & Perception
4 A DEFINITION OF SOUND The perception of acoustic stimulus created by a vibration in air. This vibration moves air resulting in air pressure changes, that in turn, moves the ear drum and a sound is heard. Animation courtesy of Dr. Dan Russell, Kettering University
5 SINE WAVE TONE A pure tone consisting of only one frequency (unlike most musical instruments). Amplitude Wave length
6 THE SPEED OF SOUND In air, the speed of a sound wave is approximately 1130 feet per second. So, for every foot a sound wave travels the time required is approximately one milli-second (1/1000th of a second)
7 FREQUENCY OF A SOUND WAVE Frequency is the number of cycles (waves) that occur in 1 second. The units for frequency are either CPS (cycles per second) or Hertz (Hz)so, 1000 CPS = 1000 Hz.
8 FREQUENCY RANGE OF HUMAN HEARING It is generally said that, at best, a human can hear sine wave frequencies from approximately 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (or 20 khz) 20 HZ 100 HZ 1000 HZ 10,000 HZ 20,000 HZ Sine Sweep
9 THE WAVELENGTH OF A SOUND Wavelength = Speed of sound (ft/sec) / frequency (cycles/sec) Example: For a 1130 Hz sine wave has a wavelength of one foot ft/sec / 1130 Hz = 1 ft 1130 ft/sec / 20 Hz = 56.5 ft 1130 ft/sec / 20,000 Hz =.678 Inch 20 Hz Sine Wave 56.5 foot length
10 DEFINITION OF POLARITY positive Polarity Reversed negative The positive or negative value of the wave (crest or dip). If a wave is polarity inverted 180 degrees the positive & negative parts of the wave are reversed. The term out of phase is often used incorrectly to describe an reversed polarity condition, i.e. when an identical signal is sent to two loudspeakers and the signal wires ( + & -) are reversed on one speaker so that when one speaker moves out the other moves in.
11 Summing Sine waves Summing (adding) Sine Waves in Polarity = Adding Sine Waves Out of Polarity =
12 DEFINITION OF STEREO Two discrete channels of audio to be played on two loud-speakers. The audio in each channel has some information that differs from the other. Left Channel Right Channel
13 PHASE A small difference in time arrival of two copies of the same wave(equal frequency) within the period of one wavelength. Note: a phase shift of 180 degrees is reversed polarity. 180 degrees 360 degrees 0 degrees ø Phase shift angle (0-360 degrees)
14 HARMONICS Musical instruments generally produce the equivalent of many different sine waves with many different phase relationships. Harmonics are sine components of the fundamental (lowest) frequency that are multiples of that frequency. For example, the third harmonic of a 1000 Hz fundamental is 3000 Hz or 3 times 1000Hz.
15 HARMONICS Fundamental Second Third Forth
16 TIMBRE The tonal quality of a sound due to its harmonics and envelope. Envelope = amplitude changes over time. The quality of timbre is why we can tell, for example, a piano from a guitar. Two waveform examples with the same pitch & harmonics but with different envelopes
17 DIFFRACTION The ability for sound waves with large wave length waves (low frequencies) to bend around an object. Sound source Barrier Diffracted waves
18 SHADOWING Frequencies whose wavelength is sufficiently small (high frequency) compared to an obstacle can not bend around the obstacle but instead create an acoustic shadow. Sound Source A view from above of a human head. Head Shadowing on this side of the head causes the this sound to be softer in this ear.
19 THE MASKING EFFECT When two sounds occur nearly simultaneously the louder sound will prevent the perception of softer the sound. The Masking effect is greatest when the louder & softer sounds are close to the same frequency. MP3 s and other compressed audio use the masking effect to allow part of the audio data to be discarded. ie: that which is masked.
20 THE PERCEPTION OF DIRECTION The Perception of the direction at which a sound is coming from is determined by : 1. Differences in sound intensity between ears. 2. Differences in sound time arrival between ears.(delay) 3. Head shadowing, i.e.: changes in timbre between ears. 4. Pinna (the outer ear) response timbre differences. 5. To some extent, the direction of sound can be determined by just one ear.
21 LOUDNESS & DECIBELS Loudness is the perceived intensity of a sound. Loudness is not a linear (one to one relationship) to measured intensity. Which means, a sound of twice the measured intensity is not perceived to be twice as loud. This is why the decibel units were created. Decibels scale loudness measure into more meaningful units. For every doubling of acoustic sound intensity there is a 3 decibel increase in loudness.
22 INTENSITIES & DECIBELS Range of intensities (in units of power) of human hearing is approximately 10 to the 13th power! ( 1 trillion to 1). The Decibel relates this huge range to a logarithmic scale where the numbers are relatively small.
23 UNITS OF THE DECIBEL Decibels can measure the intensity of not only acoustic waves but electrical waves too. db S.P.L. is a unit of measure of acoustic loudness. S.P.L. = Sound pressure level dbv is a unit of electrical voltage or level (what you see on a meter). dbm is a unit of electrical power.
24 ACOUSTIC DECIBEL 0 db SPL = the threshold of hearing 120 db SPL = the threshold of pain db S.P.L. = 10 log P/P ref. where P is the new loudness & P ref. is the old loudness. dbv = 20 log v/v ref. where v is the new voltage & V ref. is the reference voltage. dbm = 10 log P/P ref. where P is the new power level & P ref. is the reference power level.
25 DOUBLING INTENSITY When the sound pressure level is doubled, as when two equally loud sound occur together, there is a + 3 db SPL increase in acoustic level. When two electrical signals are doubled in an audio mixing console, the meter shows a 6 dbv increase level. This is a doubling of an a electrical quantity called voltage.
26 SOUND TRANSMISSION Sound intensity diminishes with distance. For every doubling of distance the sound intensity is 6 db SPL lower. (not including reflections from room surfaces) Sound Source 90 db SPL d = distance 2d d 84 db SPL
27 THE PERCEPTION OF EQUAL LOUDNESS WITH FREQUENCY The ear/brain does not hear equal intensities of different frequencies to be equal at all listening levels or volumes. At low volumes you don t hear the extreme high & low frequencies to be as loud as the middle frequencies. As the volume is raised you will tend to hear a more equal relative balance between low, middle & high frequencies. Listening volume affects perceived tonal balance. As an engineer / producer it is important to listen at volume levels similar to those which the product will most likely be played. If not the tonal balance may not sound correct when played on a consumers home equipment. (for example)
28 ASSIGNMENTS Cancel the mono component of a favorite stereo recording (see youtube video ) Learn about the Haas or Precedence effect (see youtube video ) Listen to your stereo speakers at low and loud levels and notice the difference in perceived bass & treble. If you have an ipad or a smart phone download a free decibel app and measure different acoustic sound levels
Chapter 2. Meeting 2, Measures and Visualizations of Sounds and Signals
Chapter 2. Meeting 2, Measures and Visualizations of Sounds and Signals 2.1. Announcements Be sure to completely read the syllabus Recording opportunities for small ensembles Due Wednesday, 15 February:
More informationdescribe sound as the transmission of energy via longitudinal pressure waves;
1 Sound-Detailed Study Study Design 2009 2012 Unit 4 Detailed Study: Sound describe sound as the transmission of energy via longitudinal pressure waves; analyse sound using wavelength, frequency and speed
More informationCHAPTER ONE SOUND BASICS. Nitec in Digital Audio & Video Production Institute of Technical Education, College West
CHAPTER ONE SOUND BASICS Nitec in Digital Audio & Video Production Institute of Technical Education, College West INTRODUCTION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s9gbf8y0ly0 LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end
More informationA mechanical wave is a disturbance which propagates through a medium with little or no net displacement of the particles of the medium.
Waves and Sound Mechanical Wave A mechanical wave is a disturbance which propagates through a medium with little or no net displacement of the particles of the medium. Water Waves Wave Pulse People Wave
More informationAn introduction to physics of Sound
An introduction to physics of Sound Outlines Acoustics and psycho-acoustics Sound? Wave and waves types Cycle Basic parameters of sound wave period Amplitude Wavelength Frequency Outlines Phase Types of
More informationSOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 1
SOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 1 SOUND 1 ACOUSTICS AND PSYCHOACOUSTICS SOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 2 The Ear: SOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 3 The Ear: The ear is the organ of hearing. SOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 4 The Ear: The outer ear
More informationPhysics 101. Lecture 21 Doppler Effect Loudness Human Hearing Interference of Sound Waves Reflection & Refraction of Sound
Physics 101 Lecture 21 Doppler Effect Loudness Human Hearing Interference of Sound Waves Reflection & Refraction of Sound Quiz: Monday Oct. 18; Chaps. 16,17,18(as covered in class),19 CR/NC Deadline Oct.
More informationChapter 12. Preview. Objectives The Production of Sound Waves Frequency of Sound Waves The Doppler Effect. Section 1 Sound Waves
Section 1 Sound Waves Preview Objectives The Production of Sound Waves Frequency of Sound Waves The Doppler Effect Section 1 Sound Waves Objectives Explain how sound waves are produced. Relate frequency
More informationSection 1 Sound Waves. Chapter 12. Sound Waves. Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Section 1 Sound Waves Sound Waves Section 1 Sound Waves The Production of Sound Waves, continued Sound waves are longitudinal. Section 1 Sound Waves Frequency and Pitch The frequency for sound is known
More informationChapter 16. Waves and Sound
Chapter 16 Waves and Sound 16.1 The Nature of Waves 1. A wave is a traveling disturbance. 2. A wave carries energy from place to place. 1 16.1 The Nature of Waves Transverse Wave 16.1 The Nature of Waves
More informationFundamentals of Digital Audio *
Digital Media The material in this handout is excerpted from Digital Media Curriculum Primer a work written by Dr. Yue-Ling Wong (ylwong@wfu.edu), Department of Computer Science and Department of Art,
More informationProperties and Applications
Properties and Applications What is a Wave? How is it Created? Waves are created by vibrations! Atoms vibrate, strings vibrate, water vibrates A wave is the moving oscillation Waves are the propagation
More informationPreview. Sound Section 1. Section 1 Sound Waves. Section 2 Sound Intensity and Resonance. Section 3 Harmonics
Sound Section 1 Preview Section 1 Sound Waves Section 2 Sound Intensity and Resonance Section 3 Harmonics Sound Section 1 TEKS The student is expected to: 7A examine and describe oscillatory motion and
More informationQuiz on Chapters 13-15
Quiz on Chapters 13-15 Chapter 16 Waves and Sound continued Final Exam, Thursday May 3, 8:00 10:00PM ANH 1281 (Anthony Hall). Seat assignments TBD RCPD students: Thursday May 3, 5:00 9:00PM, BPS 3239.
More informationMICROPHONE TECHNIQUES FOR MUSIC SOUND REINFORCEMENT $10.95
$10.95 I N D E X INTRODUCTION...........................4 CHARACTERISTICS..............4 MUSICAL INSTRUMENT CHARACTERISTICS.......11 ACOUSTIC CHARACTERISTICS................14 PLACEMENT..................22
More informationFundamentals of Music Technology
Fundamentals of Music Technology Juan P. Bello Office: 409, 4th floor, 383 LaFayette Street (ext. 85736) Office Hours: Wednesdays 2-5pm Email: jpbello@nyu.edu URL: http://homepages.nyu.edu/~jb2843/ Course-info:
More informationWhat is Sound? Part II
What is Sound? Part II Timbre & Noise 1 Prayouandi (2010) - OneOhtrix Point Never PSYCHOACOUSTICS ACOUSTICS LOUDNESS AMPLITUDE PITCH FREQUENCY QUALITY TIMBRE 2 Timbre / Quality everything that is not frequency
More informationPhysics I Notes: Chapter 13 Sound
Physics I Notes: Chapter 13 Sound I. Properties of Sound A. Sound is the only thing that one can hear! Where do sounds come from?? Sounds are produced by VIBRATING or OSCILLATING OBJECTS! Sound is a longitudinal
More informationPHYSICS 102N Spring Week 6 Oscillations, Waves, Sound and Music
PHYSICS 102N Spring 2009 Week 6 Oscillations, Waves, Sound and Music Oscillations Any process that repeats itself after fixed time period T Examples: Pendulum, spring and weight, orbits, vibrations (musical
More informationCONTENTS. Preface...vii. Acknowledgments...ix. Chapter 1: Behavior of Sound...1. Chapter 2: The Ear and Hearing...11
CONTENTS Preface...vii Acknowledgments...ix Chapter 1: Behavior of Sound...1 The Sound Wave...1 Frequency...2 Amplitude...3 Velocity...4 Wavelength...4 Acoustical Phase...4 Sound Envelope...7 Direct, Early,
More informationALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)
ALL ABOUT NOISE ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) Any type of electrical transmission where the current repeatedly changes direction, and the voltage varies between maxima and minima. Therefore, any electrical
More informationWeek 1. Signals & Systems for Speech & Hearing. Sound is a SIGNAL 3. You may find this course demanding! How to get through it:
Signals & Systems for Speech & Hearing Week You may find this course demanding! How to get through it: Consult the Web site: www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/courses/spsci/sigsys (also accessible through Moodle) Essential
More informationChapter 7. Waves and Sound
Chapter 7 Waves and Sound What is wave? A wave is a disturbance that propagates from one place to another. Or simply, it carries energy from place to place. The easiest type of wave to visualize is a transverse
More informationMusic 171: Sinusoids. Tamara Smyth, Department of Music, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) January 10, 2019
Music 7: Sinusoids Tamara Smyth, trsmyth@ucsd.edu Department of Music, University of California, San Diego (UCSD) January 0, 209 What is Sound? The word sound is used to describe both:. an auditory sensation
More informationUnit 6: Waves and Sound
Unit 6: Waves and Sound Brent Royuk Phys-109 Concordia University Waves What is a wave? Examples Water, sound, slinky, ER Transverse vs. Longitudinal 2 Wave Properties The magic of waves. Great distances
More informationCS101 Lecture 18: Audio Encoding. What You ll Learn Today
CS101 Lecture 18: Audio Encoding Sampling Quantizing Aaron Stevens (azs@bu.edu) with special guest Wayne Snyder (snyder@bu.edu) 16 October 2012 What You ll Learn Today How do we hear sounds? How can audio
More informationSound 05/02/2006. Lecture 10 1
What IS Sound? Sound is really tiny fluctuations of air pressure units of pressure: N/m 2 or psi (lbs/square-inch) Carried through air at 345 m/s (770 m.p.h) as compressions and rarefactions in air pressure
More informationUnit 6: Waves and Sound
Unit 6: Waves and Sound Waves What is a wave? Examples Water, sound, slinky, ER Transverse vs. Longitudinal Brent Royuk Phys-109 Concordia University 2 Wave Properties The magic of waves. Great distances
More informationPhysics B Waves and Sound Name: AP Review. Show your work:
Physics B Waves and Sound Name: AP Review Mechanical Wave A disturbance that propagates through a medium with little or no net displacement of the particles of the medium. Parts of a Wave Crest: high point
More informationSound/Audio. Slides courtesy of Tay Vaughan Making Multimedia Work
Sound/Audio Slides courtesy of Tay Vaughan Making Multimedia Work How computers process sound How computers synthesize sound The differences between the two major kinds of audio, namely digitised sound
More informationWarm-Up. Think of three examples of waves. What do waves have in common? What, if anything, do waves carry from one place to another?
Warm-Up Think of three examples of waves. What do waves have in common? What, if anything, do waves carry from one place to another? WAVES Physics Waves If you can only remember one thing Waves transmit
More informationChapter 17. The Principle of Linear Superposition and Interference Phenomena
Chapter 17 The Principle of Linear Superposition and Interference Phenomena 17.1 The Principle of Linear Superposition When the pulses merge, the Slinky assumes a shape that is the sum of the shapes of
More informationSound waves. septembre 2014 Audio signals and systems 1
Sound waves Sound is created by elastic vibrations or oscillations of particles in a particular medium. The vibrations are transmitted from particles to (neighbouring) particles: sound wave. Sound waves
More informationm208w2014 Six Basic Properties of Sound
MUSC 208 Winter 2014 John Ellinger Carleton College Six Basic Properties of Sound Sound waves create pressure differences in the air. These pressure differences are analogous to ripples that appear when
More informationAUDITORY ILLUSIONS & LAB REPORT FORM
01/02 Illusions - 1 AUDITORY ILLUSIONS & LAB REPORT FORM NAME: DATE: PARTNER(S): The objective of this experiment is: To understand concepts such as beats, localization, masking, and musical effects. APPARATUS:
More informationDate Period Name. Write the term that corresponds to the description. Use each term once. beat
Date Period Name CHAPTER 15 Study Guide Sound Vocabulary Review Write the term that corresponds to the description. Use each term once. beat Doppler effect closed-pipe resonator fundamental consonance
More informationONLINE TUTORIALS. Log on using your username & password. (same as your ) Choose a category from menu. (ie: audio)
ONLINE TUTORIALS Go to http://uacbt.arizona.edu Log on using your username & password. (same as your email) Choose a category from menu. (ie: audio) Choose what application. Choose which tutorial movie.
More informationWeek I AUDL Signals & Systems for Speech & Hearing. Sound is a SIGNAL. You may find this course demanding! How to get through it: What is sound?
AUDL Signals & Systems for Speech & Hearing Week I You may find this course demanding! How to get through it: Consult the Web site: www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/courses/spsci/sigsys Essential to do the reading and
More informationChapter 16 Sound. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 16 Sound 16-6 Interference of Sound Waves; Beats Sound waves interfere in the same way that other waves do in space. 16-6 Interference of Sound Waves; Beats Example 16-12: Loudspeakers interference.
More informationHearing and Deafness 2. Ear as a frequency analyzer. Chris Darwin
Hearing and Deafness 2. Ear as a analyzer Chris Darwin Frequency: -Hz Sine Wave. Spectrum Amplitude against -..5 Time (s) Waveform Amplitude against time amp Hz Frequency: 5-Hz Sine Wave. Spectrum Amplitude
More informationWaves transfer energy NOT matter Two categories of waves Mechanical Waves require a medium (matter) to transfer wave energy Electromagnetic waves no
1 Waves transfer energy NOT matter Two categories of waves Mechanical Waves require a medium (matter) to transfer wave energy Electromagnetic waves no medium required to transfer wave energy 2 Mechanical
More informationABC Math Student Copy
Page 1 of 17 Physics Week 9(Sem. 2) Name Chapter Summary Waves and Sound Cont d 2 Principle of Linear Superposition Sound is a pressure wave. Often two or more sound waves are present at the same place
More informationA sound wave is introduced into a medium by the vibration of an object. Sound is a longitudinal, mechanical
Sound Waves Dancing Liquids A sound wave is introduced into a medium by the vibration of an object. Sound is a longitudinal, mechanical wave. For example, a guitar string forces surrounding air molecules
More informationChapter 14, Sound. 1. When a sine wave is used to represent a sound wave, the crest corresponds to:
CHAPTER 14 1. When a sine wave is used to represent a sound wave, the crest corresponds to: a. rarefaction b. condensation c. point where molecules vibrate at a right angle to the direction of wave travel
More informationFinal Exam Study Guide: Introduction to Computer Music Course Staff April 24, 2015
Final Exam Study Guide: 15-322 Introduction to Computer Music Course Staff April 24, 2015 This document is intended to help you identify and master the main concepts of 15-322, which is also what we intend
More informationCopyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 16 Sound 16-1 Characteristics of Sound Sound can travel through h any kind of matter, but not through a vacuum. The speed of sound is different in different materials; in general, it is slowest
More informationVibrations and Waves. Properties of Vibrations
Vibrations and Waves For a vibration to occur an object must repeat a movement during a time interval. A wave is a disturbance that extends from one place to another through space. Light and sound are
More informationSurround: The Current Technological Situation. David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA
Surround: The Current Technological Situation David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA 01730 www.world.std.com/~griesngr There are many open questions 1. What is surround sound 2. Who will listen
More informationSound PSY 310 Greg Francis. Lecture 28. Other senses
Sound PSY 310 Greg Francis Lecture 28 Why doesn t a clarinet sound like a flute? Other senses Most of this course has been about visual perception Most advanced science of perception Perhaps the most important
More informationSound Waves Speed Intensity Loudness Frequency Pitch Resonance Sound Waves
Sound Waves Speed Intensity Loudness Frequency Pitch Resonance 13.2 Sound Waves Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal waves. Behaviors of sound can be explained with a few properties: Speed Intensity
More informationFrom Last Time Wave Properties. Description of a Wave. Water waves? Water waves occur on the surface. They are a kind of transverse wave.
From Last Time Wave Properties Amplitude is the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position Wavelength,, is the distance between two successive points that behave identically Period: time required
More informationName Date Class _. Holt Science Spectrum
Holt Science Spectrum Holt, Rinehart and Winston presents the Guided Reading Audio CD Program, recorded to accompany Holt Science Spectrum. Please open your book to the chapter titled Sound and Light.
More informationAP Physics B (Princeton 15 & Giancoli 11 & 12) Waves and Sound
AP Physics B (Princeton 15 & Giancoli 11 & 12) Waves and Sound Preview What are the two categories of waves with regard to mode of travel? Mechanical Electromagnetic Which type of wave requires a medium?
More informationBelow you will find science standards as presented in Minnesota, along with a number of music lessons that help bring these standards to life.
Music education overlaps with many other curricular areas, including science, technology, engineering and math otherwise known as the S.T.E.M. curriculum. S.T.E.M. is getting a great deal of attention
More informationTHE PRINCIPLE OF LINEAR SUPERPOSITION AND INTERFERENCE PHENOMENA
THE PRINCIPLE OF LINEAR SUPERPOSITION AND INTERFERENCE PHENOMENA PREVIEW When two waves meet in the same medium they combine to form a new wave by the principle of superposition. The result of superposition
More informationLinguistics 401 LECTURE #2. BASIC ACOUSTIC CONCEPTS (A review)
Linguistics 401 LECTURE #2 BASIC ACOUSTIC CONCEPTS (A review) Unit of wave: CYCLE one complete wave (=one complete crest and trough) The number of cycles per second: FREQUENCY cycles per second (cps) =
More informationDemonstrate understanding of wave systems. Demonstrate understanding of wave systems. Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with Excellence
Demonstrate understanding of wave systems Subject Reference Physics 3.3 Title Demonstrate understanding of wave systems Level 3 Credits 4 Assessment External This achievement standard involves demonstrating
More informationSOUND & MUSIC. Sound & Music 1
SOUND & MUSIC Sound is produced by a rapid variation in the average density or pressure of air molecules. We perceive sound as these pressure changes cause our eardrums to vibrate. Sound waves are produced
More informationSGN Audio and Speech Processing
Introduction 1 Course goals Introduction 2 SGN 14006 Audio and Speech Processing Lectures, Fall 2014 Anssi Klapuri Tampere University of Technology! Learn basics of audio signal processing Basic operations
More information1. At which position(s) will the child hear the same frequency as that heard by a stationary observer standing next to the whistle?
Name: Date: Use the following to answer question 1: The diagram shows the various positions of a child in motion on a swing. Somewhere in front of the child a stationary whistle is blowing. 1. At which
More informationLecture PowerPoints. Chapter 12 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 12 Physics: Principles with Applications, 7 th edition Giancoli This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching
More information2/2/17. Amplitude. several ways of looking at it, depending on what we want to capture. Amplitude of pure tones
Amplitude several ways of looking at it, depending on what we want to capture Amplitude of pure tones Peak amplitude: distance from a to a OR from c to c Peak-to-peak amplitude: distance from a to c Source:
More informationWhen you have completed this exercise, you will be able to determine the frequency response of a
When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to determine the frequency response of a an oscilloscope. Voltage gain (Av), the voltage ratio of the input signal to the output signal, can be expressed
More informationConcepts in Physics. Friday, November 26th 2009
1206 - Concepts in Physics Friday, November 26th 2009 Notes There is a new point on the webpage things to look at for the final exam So far you have the two midterms there More things will be posted over
More informationKey Terms. Loud Soft Quiet High pitch Low pitch Noise Deafness Frequency. Amplitude Wave Loudness Volume Dynamics Medium Speed of sound
Objectives Understand the idea of sound and hearing Learn how sound travels through media Explain how the ear works, find out about the harmful effects of loud noise and how loud noise can be reduced Key
More informationLecture PowerPoints. Chapter 12 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli
Lecture PowerPoints Chapter 12 Physics: Principles with Applications, 6 th edition Giancoli 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for
More informationFrequency f determined by the source of vibration; related to pitch of sound. Period T time taken for one complete vibrational cycle
Unit 1: Waves Lesson: Sound Sound is a mechanical wave, a longitudinal wave, a pressure wave Periodic sound waves have: Frequency f determined by the source of vibration; related to pitch of sound Period
More informationBinaural Hearing. Reading: Yost Ch. 12
Binaural Hearing Reading: Yost Ch. 12 Binaural Advantages Sounds in our environment are usually complex, and occur either simultaneously or close together in time. Studies have shown that the ability to
More informationPrinciples of Audio Web-based Training Detailed Course Outline
The Signal Chain The key to understanding sound systems is to understand the signal chain. It is the "common denominator" among audio systems big and small. After this lesson you should understand the
More informationStructure of Speech. Physical acoustics Time-domain representation Frequency domain representation Sound shaping
Structure of Speech Physical acoustics Time-domain representation Frequency domain representation Sound shaping Speech acoustics Source-Filter Theory Speech Source characteristics Speech Filter characteristics
More informationSECTION A Waves and Sound
AP Physics Multiple Choice Practice Waves and Optics SECTION A Waves and Sound 1. Which of the following statements about the speed of waves on a string are true? I. The speed depends on the tension in
More informationCopyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
14-7 Superposition and Interference Waves of small amplitude traveling through the same medium combine, or superpose, by simple addition. 14-7 Superposition and Interference If two pulses combine to give
More informationTHE SPEAKER. The decibel scale is related to the physical sound intensity measured in watts/cm 2 by the following equation:
OBJECTIVES: THE SPEAKER 1) Know the definition of "decibel" as a measure of sound intensity or power level. ) Know the relationship between voltage and power level measured in decibels. 3) Illustrate how
More informationSound, acoustics Slides based on: Rossing, The science of sound, 1990.
Sound, acoustics Slides based on: Rossing, The science of sound, 1990. Acoustics 1 1 Introduction Acoustics 2! The word acoustics refers to the science of sound and is a subcategory of physics! Room acoustics
More information7.8 The Interference of Sound Waves. Practice SUMMARY. Diffraction and Refraction of Sound Waves. Section 7.7 Questions
Practice 1. Define diffraction of sound waves. 2. Define refraction of sound waves. 3. Why are lower frequency sound waves more likely to diffract than higher frequency sound waves? SUMMARY Diffraction
More informationνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτ ψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπα σδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκ χϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθ
θωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψ υιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδ φγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζ ξχϖβνµθωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµ θωερτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβνµθωερτψ Nature of Sound υιοπασδφγηϕκτψυιοπασδφγηϕκλζξχϖβν
More informationContents. Welcome To K-Meter. System Requirements. Compatibility. Installation and Authorization. K-Meter User Interface.
K-Meter User Manual Contents Welcome To K-Meter System Requirements Compatibility Installation and Authorization K-Meter User Interface K-System Metering K-System Monitor Calibration Loudness Metering
More informationSound Design and Technology. ROP Stagehand Technician
Sound Design and Technology ROP Stagehand Technician Functions of Sound in Theatre Music Effects Reinforcement Music Create aural atmosphere to put the audience in the proper mood for the play Preshow,
More informationSound recording & playback
Sound recording & playback Dynamic microphone Condenser microphone Carbon microphone Frequency response curves Sound recording Amplifiers Loudspeakers Sound recording & playback - 1 Dynamic microphone
More informationA Short Course in Audio
A Short Course in Audio 2 Introduction In the car audio business, we don t just sell products and install them. We are selling something far more interesting; the enjoyment of music. In order for music
More informationSound is the human ear s perceived effect of pressure changes in the ambient air. Sound can be modeled as a function of time.
2. Physical sound 2.1 What is sound? Sound is the human ear s perceived effect of pressure changes in the ambient air. Sound can be modeled as a function of time. Figure 2.1: A 0.56-second audio clip of
More informationIntroduction to Equalization
Introduction to Equalization Tools Needed: Real Time Analyzer, Pink noise audio source The first thing we need to understand is that everything we hear whether it is musical instruments, a person s voice
More informationFrom Last Time Wave Properties. Description of a Wave. Question. Examples. More types of waves. Seismic waves
From Last Time Wave Properties Amplitude is the maximum displacement of string above the equilibrium position Wavelength, λ, is the distance between two successive points that behave identically Period:
More informationCHAPTER 12 SOUND ass/sound/soundtoc. html. Characteristics of Sound
CHAPTER 12 SOUND http://www.physicsclassroom.com/cl ass/sound/soundtoc. html Characteristics of Sound Intensity of Sound: Decibels The Ear and Its Response; Loudness Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings
More informationPHYSICS. Sound & Music
PHYSICS Sound & Music 20.1 The Origin of Sound The source of all sound waves is vibration. 20.1 The Origin of Sound The original vibration stimulates the vibration of something larger or more massive.
More informationMICROPHONE TECHNIQUES
A Shure Educational Publication MICROPHONE TECHNIQUES 1 GENERAL RULES Microphone Techniques Microphone technique is largely a matter of personal taste whatever method sounds right the particular instrument,
More informationSuppose you re going to mike a singer, a sax, or a guitar. Which mic should you choose? Where should you place it?
MICROPHONE TECHNIQUE BASICS FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS by Bruce Bartlett Copyright 2010 Suppose you re going to mike a singer, a sax, or a guitar. Which mic should you choose? Where should you place it? Your
More informationCS Lecture 10:
CS 1101101 Lecture 10: Digital Encoding---Representing the world in symbols Review: Analog vs Digital (Symbolic) Information Text encoding: ASCII and Unicode Encoding pictures: Sampling Quantizing Analog
More informationSOUND. Second, the energy is transferred from the source in the form of a longitudinal sound wave.
SOUND - we can distinguish three aspects of any sound. First, there must be a source for a sound. As with any wave, the source of a sound wave is a vibrating object. Second, the energy is transferred from
More informationSound & Waves Review. Physics - Mr. Jones
Sound & Waves Review Physics - Mr. Jones Waves Types Transverse, longitudinal (compression) Characteristics Frequency, period, wavelength, amplitude, crest, trough v = f! Review: What is sound? Sound is
More informationMath and Music: Understanding Pitch
Math and Music: Understanding Pitch Gareth E. Roberts Department of Mathematics and Computer Science College of the Holy Cross Worcester, MA Topics in Mathematics: Math and Music MATH 110 Spring 2018 March
More informationHarmonic Motion and Mechanical Waves. Jun 4 10:31 PM. the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
Wave Properties Harmonic Motion and Mechanical Waves The law of reflection the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. The normal is an imaginary line that is perpendicular to the surface. The
More informationImproving room acoustics at low frequencies with multiple loudspeakers and time based room correction
Improving room acoustics at low frequencies with multiple loudspeakers and time based room correction S.B. Nielsen a and A. Celestinos b a Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark
More informationsound is a longitudinal, mechanical wave that travels as a series of high and low pressure variations
Sound sound is a longitudinal, mechanical wave that travels as a series of high and low pressure variations the high pressure regions are compressions and the low pressure regions are rarefactions the
More informationComputer Audio. An Overview. (Material freely adapted from sources far too numerous to mention )
Computer Audio An Overview (Material freely adapted from sources far too numerous to mention ) Computer Audio An interdisciplinary field including Music Computer Science Electrical Engineering (signal
More informationPsycho-acoustics (Sound characteristics, Masking, and Loudness)
Psycho-acoustics (Sound characteristics, Masking, and Loudness) Tai-Shih Chi ( 冀泰石 ) Department of Communication Engineering National Chiao Tung University Mar. 20, 2008 Pure tones Mathematics of the pure
More informationLecture 7: Superposition and Fourier Theorem
Lecture 7: Superposition and Fourier Theorem Sound is linear. What that means is, if several things are producing sounds at once, then the pressure of the air, due to the several things, will be and the
More informationSound Ch. 26 in your text book
Sound Ch. 26 in your text book Objectives Students will be able to: 1) Explain the relationship between frequency and pitch 2) Explain what the natural frequency of an object is 3) Explain how wind and
More informationSUMMARY. ) f s Shock wave Sonic boom UNIT. Waves transmit energy. Sound is a longitudinal mechanical wave. KEY CONCEPTS CHAPTER SUMMARY
UNIT D SUMMARY KEY CONCEPTS CHAPTER SUMMARY 9 Waves transmit energy. Crest, trough, amplitude, wavelength Longitudinal and transverse waves Cycle Period, frequency f 1_ T Universal wave equation v fλ Wave
More informationPerception of pitch. Definitions. Why is pitch important? BSc Audiology/MSc SHS Psychoacoustics wk 5: 12 Feb A. Faulkner.
Perception of pitch BSc Audiology/MSc SHS Psychoacoustics wk 5: 12 Feb 2009. A. Faulkner. See Moore, BCJ Introduction to the Psychology of Hearing, Chapter 5. Or Plack CJ The Sense of Hearing Lawrence
More information