Analog to Digital Conversion

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Analog to Digital Conversion"

Transcription

1 Analog to Digital Conversion

2 ANALOG to DIGITAL CONVERSION

3 Analog variation (Continuous, smooth variation) Digitized Variation (Discrete set of points) N2 N1

4 Digitization applied to signals. (Continuous sampling to generate a series of numbers)

5 Digitization applied to signals. (Continuous sampling to generate a series of numbers)

6 How to convert an ANALOG voltage to a BINARY NUMBER? Ramp type A/D Converter V1 V2 COUNT = N1 COUNT = N2 N1 & N2 are numeric representations of the analog voltages V1 & V2! START COUNTING STOP START COUNTING STOP

7 The digital output of the counter is a true representation of the magnitude of the voltage at the instant of digitization. Counters provide a BINARY count output. BINARY COUNT α VOLTAGE Repeat the process START Ramp, START Count, STOP when Vramp = V to obtain a series of N1, N2, N3,.. as digitized values to represent the variation of the analog voltage V.

8 Dual Slope type A/D Converter

9 Dual Slope type A/D Converter Scheme of Operation The control logic switches V IN to the integrator input for a fixed time interval. During this time interval the integrator output V I is a positive ramp with a slope proportional to V IN After the fixed time interval the control logic switches the reference voltage V REF onto the integrator and resets the counter to zero. The integrator output is then a negative ramp with a fixed rate of decrease. The time taken for V I to decrease to zero is proportional to V IN. Count the clock pulses during this time. When V I falls to zero the comparator output V C changes to 1 and the count is stopped. The count is proportional to the fall time and therefore to V IN. The parallel digital output signal is proportional to the count. This method has the advantage that integration tends to average out the effects of other interference voltages.

10 Dual Slope type A/D Converter Scheme of Operation

11 Successive Approximation type A/D Converter

12 Successive Approximation type A/D Converter Scheme of Operation This method involves making successive guesses at the binary code corresponding to the input voltage yi. The trial code is converted into an analogue voltage using a DAC, and a comparator is used to decide whether the guess is too high or too low. On the basis of this result another guess is made, and the process is repeated until Vq is within half a quantization interval of yi.

13 Successive Approximation type A/D Converter Scheme of Operation sequence of guesses MSB INPUT RANGE LSB

14

15 Flash A/D Converter

16 Flash A/D Converter Scheme of Operation In any n-digit binary ADC there are Q quantization voltage levels V0 to VQ 1, where Q = 2n. In a flash ADC there are Q 1 comparators in parallel and Q 1 corresponding voltage levels V1 to VQ 1. In each comparator q, the input sample value yi is compared with the corresponding voltage level Vq. If yi is less than or equal to Vq, the output is made zero 0. If yi is greater than Vq, the output is made to be 1.

17 Thus if yi lies between Vq and Vq+1, i.e. Vq < yi Vq+1, the output of the lowest q comparators 1 to q will all be 1 and the output of the remaining comparators q + 1 to Q 1 will all be 0. Thus the comparators provide a Q 1 digit parallel input code to a priority encoder which generates an n-digit binary parallel output code corresponding to the value of q. The main advantage of the flash converter is the short conversion time. The main disadvantage is that the large number of comparators required to give acceptable resolution which makes it relatively expensive.

18 Other characteristics of AD Converters RESOLUTION QUANTIZATION LEVEL SAMPLING FREQUENCY ALIASING

19 Resolution

20 Resolution

21 Resolution (Quantization interval) Resolution q = (V max V min ) / 2 n 1 2 n = [(V max V min ) / q ] + 1 n = log (V max V min )+ 1 / log 2 q n = Number of bits required to get a resolution q In general, Quantization interval

22 In digital imagery, conversion of gray levels (or color) to digital form is also identified as gray level quantization. For an 8 bit image, there are 256 quantization levels (= gray level resolution) corresponding to different levels of gray.

23 Greater the number of levels Q, the lower is the quantization error.

24 Sampling time / Sampling frequency The rate at which the input voltage signal is sampled is known as sampling frequency.

25 For adequate reproduction, the sampling frequency (fs) must be at least twice the maximum frequency of the analog signal (fa) under test. Rule of thumb: fs 10 fa

26 Example problems: A successive approximation type AD converter has 8 bits and an input range of V. Find the binary output corresponding to an input of 1 V. A certain transducer provides and output voltage corresponding to height of a liquid column so that the output is 0 V for 0 cm, and 4.5 V for 20 cm. If you need to measure the height with a resolution of 0.5 mm, calculate the number of bite required in the AD converter.

27 ADC using successive approximation Given an analog input signal whose voltage should range from 0 to 15 volts, and an 8 bit digital encoding, calculate the correct encoding for 5 volts. Then trace the successive approximation approach to find the correct encoding. Assume M = 2 n 1 a / Vmax = d / M 5 / 15 = d / (256 1) d = 85 or binary

28 ADC using successive approximation Step 1 4: determine bits 0 3 ½(V max V min ) = 7.5 volts V max = 7.5 volts. ½( ) = 3.75 volts V min = 3.75 volts. ½( ) = 5.63 volts V max = 5.63 volts ½( ) = 4.69 volts V min = 4.69 volts Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis

29 ADC using successive approximation Step 5 8: Determine bits 4 7 ½( ) = 5.16 volts V max = 5.16 volts. ½( ) = 4.93 volts V min = 4.93 volts. ½( ) = 5.05 volts V max = 5.05 volts. ½( ) = 4.99 volts Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software Introduction, (c) 2000 Vahid/Givargis

30 Example What is the maximum frequency of input signal that can be converted by an A D convertor with a conversion time of 0.25 ms? samples per second = 1000 / 0.25 = 40,000 Maximum frequency in input signal has to be half this or 20kHz.

31 Counter type ADC

32

33 Digital to Analog Conversion (D/A Conversion) A digital to analog converter (DAC) is a device that converts digital numbers (binary) into an analog voltage or current output.

34 R-2R Ladder Network

35 digital analog conversion %E2%80%93 r 2r dac %20II/Documentos/LADDERNETWORKS.pdf

36 Handling multiple inputs (Multiplexing) In order to fully utilize more expensive and important units such as the Microprocessor, AD and DA converters, and also to be able to handle more than one input and output, it is essential that microprocessor based devices can handle multiple tasks with the same hardware resource base.

37 Multiplexers & their use in measurement systems INPUTS A Multiplexer selects one out of many inputs and channels it to the single output OUTPUT SELECT Lines

38 Multiplexing in a Sensor System Sensor Sensor Signal Conditioning Analog MUX A/D Microprocessor Sensor H/L Control Bus 8 bit Analog to Digital Converters Share A/D via analog multiplexer Analog signal conditioning

39 Example ICs

40 Demultiplexers Demultiplexers (DEMUX) performs the same task of connecting one out of many lines to one. When used as a DEMUX, the information through a single input line is channeled to one out of many output lines. A MUX is an input selector. It allows you to select from 1 of N inputs and direct it to the output using control bits. A DeMUX is an output selector, letting you pick one of N outputs to direct an input to.

41 A 1-4 DEMUX

42 A microcontroller based data acquisition system

43 END

Advantages of Analog Representation. Varies continuously, like the property being measured. Represents continuous values. See Figure 12.

Advantages of Analog Representation. Varies continuously, like the property being measured. Represents continuous values. See Figure 12. Analog Signals Signals that vary continuously throughout a defined range. Representative of many physical quantities, such as temperature and velocity. Usually a voltage or current level. Digital Signals

More information

Digital to Analog Conversion. Data Acquisition

Digital to Analog Conversion. Data Acquisition Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC) Digital to Analog Conversion Data Acquisition DACs or D/A converters are used to convert digital signals representing binary numbers into proportional analog voltages.

More information

Data Acquisition: A/D & D/A Conversion

Data Acquisition: A/D & D/A Conversion Data Acquisition: A/D & D/A Conversion Mark Colton ME 363 Spring 2011 Sampling: A Review In order to store and process measured variables in a computer, the computer must sample the variables 10 Continuous

More information

UNIT III Data Acquisition & Microcontroller System. Mr. Manoj Rajale

UNIT III Data Acquisition & Microcontroller System. Mr. Manoj Rajale UNIT III Data Acquisition & Microcontroller System Mr. Manoj Rajale Syllabus Interfacing of Sensors / Actuators to DAQ system, Bit width, Sampling theorem, Sampling Frequency, Aliasing, Sample and hold

More information

ELG3336: Converters Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) Digital to Analog Converters (DACs)

ELG3336: Converters Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) Digital to Analog Converters (DACs) ELG3336: Converters Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) Digital to Analog Converters (DACs) Digital Output Dout 111 110 101 100 011 010 001 000 ΔV, V LSB V ref 8 V FSR 4 V 8 ref 7 V 8 ref Analog Input

More information

Data Converters. Dr.Trushit Upadhyaya EC Department, CSPIT, CHARUSAT

Data Converters. Dr.Trushit Upadhyaya EC Department, CSPIT, CHARUSAT Data Converters Dr.Trushit Upadhyaya EC Department, CSPIT, CHARUSAT Purpose To convert digital values to analog voltages V OUT Digital Value Reference Voltage Digital Value DAC Analog Voltage Analog Quantity:

More information

P a g e 1. Introduction

P a g e 1. Introduction P a g e 1 Introduction 1. Signals in digital form are more convenient than analog form for processing and control operation. 2. Real world signals originated from temperature, pressure, flow rate, force

More information

ELG4139: Converters Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) Digital to Analog Converters (DACs)

ELG4139: Converters Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) Digital to Analog Converters (DACs) ELG4139: Converters Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) Digital to Analog Converters (DACs) Digital Output Dout 111 110 101 100 011 010 001 000 ΔV, V LSB V ref 8 V FS 4 V 8 ref 7 V 8 ref Analog Input V

More information

Digital Design Laboratory Lecture 7. A/D and D/A

Digital Design Laboratory Lecture 7. A/D and D/A ECE 280 / CSE 280 Digital Design Laboratory Lecture 7 A/D and D/A Analog/Digital Conversion A/D conversion is the process of sampling a continuous signal Two significant implications 1. The information

More information

A-D and D-A Converters

A-D and D-A Converters Chapter 5 A-D and D-A Converters (No mathematical derivations) 04 Hours 08 Marks When digital devices are to be interfaced with analog devices (or vice a versa), Digital to Analog converter and Analog

More information

ANALOG TO DIGITAL (ADC) and DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS (DAC)

ANALOG TO DIGITAL (ADC) and DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS (DAC) COURSE / CODE DIGITAL SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS (ECE421) DIGITAL ELECTRONICS FUNDAMENTAL (ECE422) ANALOG TO DIGITAL (ADC) and DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS (DAC) Connecting digital circuitry to sensor devices

More information

EEE312: Electrical measurement & instrumentation

EEE312: Electrical measurement & instrumentation University of Turkish Aeronautical Association Faculty of Engineering EEE department EEE312: Electrical measurement & instrumentation Digital Electronic meters BY Ankara March 2017 1 Introduction The digital

More information

Chapter 5: Signal conversion

Chapter 5: Signal conversion Chapter 5: Signal conversion Learning Objectives: At the end of this topic you will be able to: explain the need for signal conversion between analogue and digital form in communications and microprocessors

More information

Outline. Analog/Digital Conversion

Outline. Analog/Digital Conversion Analog/Digital Conversion The real world is analog. Interfacing a microprocessor-based system to real-world devices often requires conversion between the microprocessor s digital representation of values

More information

Computerized Data Acquisition Systems. Chapter 4

Computerized Data Acquisition Systems. Chapter 4 Computerized Data Acquisition Systems Chapter 4 Data Acquisition - Objectives State and discuss in terms a bright high school student would understand the following definitions related to data acquisition

More information

Digital Electronics 8. Multiplexer & Demultiplexer

Digital Electronics 8. Multiplexer & Demultiplexer 1 Module -8 Multiplexers and Demultiplexers 1 Introduction 2 Principles of Multiplexing and Demultiplexing 3 Multiplexer 3.1 Types of multiplexer 3.2 A 2 to 1 multiplexer 3.3 A 4 to 1 multiplexer 3.4 Multiplex

More information

Analog to Digital Converters

Analog to Digital Converters Analog to Digital Converters By: Byron Johns, Danny Carpenter Stephanie Pohl, Harry Bo Marr http://ume.gatech.edu/mechatronics_course/fadc_f05.ppt (unless otherwise marked) Presentation Outline Introduction:

More information

Analog to digital and digital to analog converters

Analog to digital and digital to analog converters Analog to digital and digital to analog converters A/D converter D/A converter ADC DAC ad da Number bases Decimal, base, numbers - 9 Binary, base, numbers and Oktal, base 8, numbers - 7 Hexadecimal, base

More information

PHYS225 Lecture 22. Electronic Circuits

PHYS225 Lecture 22. Electronic Circuits PHYS225 Lecture 22 Electronic Circuits Last lecture Digital to Analog Conversion DAC Converts digital signal to an analog signal Computer control of everything! Various types/techniques for conversion

More information

CHAPTER ELEVEN - Interfacing With the Analog World

CHAPTER ELEVEN - Interfacing With the Analog World CHAPTER ELEVEN - Interfacing With the Analog World 11.1 (a) Analog output = (K) x (digital input) (b) Smallest change that can occur in the analog output as a result of a change in the digital input. (c)

More information

The counterpart to a DAC is the ADC, which is generally a more complicated circuit. One of the most popular ADC circuit is the successive

The counterpart to a DAC is the ADC, which is generally a more complicated circuit. One of the most popular ADC circuit is the successive 1 The counterpart to a DAC is the ADC, which is generally a more complicated circuit. One of the most popular ADC circuit is the successive approximation converter. 2 3 The idea of sampling is fully covered

More information

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) And Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) And Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) 1 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) And Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) 2 1. DAC In an electronic circuit, a combination of high voltage (+5V) and low voltage (0V) is usually used to represent a binary

More information

Chapter 2 Signal Conditioning, Propagation, and Conversion

Chapter 2 Signal Conditioning, Propagation, and Conversion 09/0 PHY 4330 Instrumentation I Chapter Signal Conditioning, Propagation, and Conversion. Amplification (Review of Op-amps) Reference: D. A. Bell, Operational Amplifiers Applications, Troubleshooting,

More information

Analog to Digital Conversion

Analog to Digital Conversion Analog to Digital Conversion Why It s Needed Embedded systems often need to measure values of physical parameters These parameters are usually continuous (analog) and not in a digital form which computers

More information

Electronics A/D and D/A converters

Electronics A/D and D/A converters Electronics A/D and D/A converters Prof. Márta Rencz, Gábor Takács, Dr. György Bognár, Dr. Péter G. Szabó BME DED December 1, 2014 1 / 26 Introduction The world is analog, signal processing nowadays is

More information

Electronics II Physics 3620 / 6620

Electronics II Physics 3620 / 6620 Electronics II Physics 3620 / 6620 Feb 09, 2009 Part 1 Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) 2/8/2009 1 Why ADC? Digital Signal Processing is more popular Easy to implement, modify, Low cost Data from real

More information

Analog I/O. ECE 153B Sensor & Peripheral Interface Design Winter 2016

Analog I/O. ECE 153B Sensor & Peripheral Interface Design Winter 2016 Analog I/O ECE 153B Sensor & Peripheral Interface Design Introduction Anytime we need to monitor or control analog signals with a digital system, we require analogto-digital (ADC) and digital-to-analog

More information

Dedan Kimathi University of technology. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. EEE2406: Instrumentation. Lab 2

Dedan Kimathi University of technology. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. EEE2406: Instrumentation. Lab 2 Dedan Kimathi University of technology Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering EEE2406: Instrumentation Lab 2 Title: Analogue to Digital Conversion October 2, 2015 1 Analogue to Digital Conversion

More information

Ch 5 Hardware Components for Automation

Ch 5 Hardware Components for Automation Ch 5 Hardware Components for Automation Sections: 1. Sensors 2. Actuators 3. Analog-to-Digital Conversion 4. Digital-to-Analog Conversion 5. Input/Output Devices for Discrete Data Computer-Process Interface

More information

Linear Integrated Circuits

Linear Integrated Circuits Linear Integrated Circuits Single Slope ADC Comparator checks input voltage with integrated reference voltage, V REF At the same time the number of clock cycles is being counted. When the integrator output

More information

EE251: Tuesday October 10

EE251: Tuesday October 10 EE251: Tuesday October 10 Analog to Digital Conversion Text Chapter 20 through section 20.2 TM4C Data Sheet Chapter 13 Lab #5 Writeup Lab Practical #1 this week Homework #4 is due on Thursday at 4:30 p.m.

More information

The need for Data Converters

The need for Data Converters The need for Data Converters ANALOG SIGNAL (Speech, Images, Sensors, Radar, etc.) PRE-PROCESSING (Filtering and analog to digital conversion) DIGITAL PROCESSOR (Microprocessor) POST-PROCESSING (Digital

More information

PC-based controller for Mechatronics System

PC-based controller for Mechatronics System Course Code: MDP 454, Course Name:, Second Semester 2014 PC-based controller for Mechatronics System Mechanical System PC Controller Controller in the Mechatronics System Configuration Actuators Power

More information

Microprocessors & Interfacing

Microprocessors & Interfacing Lecture overview Microprocessors & Interfacing /Output output PMW Digital-to- (D/A) Conversion input -to-digital (A/D) Conversion Lecturer : Dr. Annie Guo S2, 2008 COMP9032 Week9 1 S2, 2008 COMP9032 Week9

More information

PC Digital Data Acquisition

PC Digital Data Acquisition ME 22.302 Mechanical Lab I PC Digital Data Acquisition Dr. Peter Avitabile University of Massachusetts Lowell Digital Data Acquisition 122601-1 Copyright 2001 A general computer data acquisition configuration

More information

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS Definition An analog-to-digital converter is a device which converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. Basics An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC,

More information

Serial communication inverter. Lab bench scenario. Inverter Board, A/D, D/A, PWM, Filters, Encoders. Inverter board. and Dimmer introduction

Serial communication inverter. Lab bench scenario. Inverter Board, A/D, D/A, PWM, Filters, Encoders. Inverter board. and Dimmer introduction Inverter Board, A/D, D/A, PWM, Filters, Encoders and Dimmer introduction 20181004 Gunnar Lindstedt Serial communication inverter Lund University, Sweden Lab bench scenario Inverter board PC 9pole Dsub

More information

EE 421L Digital Electronics Laboratory. Laboratory Exercise #9 ADC and DAC

EE 421L Digital Electronics Laboratory. Laboratory Exercise #9 ADC and DAC EE 421L Digital Electronics Laboratory Laboratory Exercise #9 ADC and DAC Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Nevada, at Las Vegas Objective: The purpose of this laboratory

More information

10. Chapter: A/D and D/A converter principles

10. Chapter: A/D and D/A converter principles Punčochář, Mohylová: TELO, Chapter 10: A/D and D/A converter principles 1 10. Chapter: A/D and D/A converter principles Time of study: 6 hours Goals: the student should be able to define basic principles

More information

16.2 DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERSION

16.2 DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERSION 240 16. DC MEASUREMENTS In the context of contemporary instrumentation systems, a digital meter measures a voltage or current by performing an analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion. A/D converters produce

More information

A New, Low-Cost, Sampled-Data, 10-Bit CMOS A/D Converter

A New, Low-Cost, Sampled-Data, 10-Bit CMOS A/D Converter A New, Low-Cost, Sampled-Data, 10-Bit CMOS A/D Converter IF IT S NOT LOW COST, IT S NOT CREATIVE Cost is the single most important factor in the success of any new product. The current emphasis on digital

More information

Analog Input and Output. Lecturer: Sri Parameswaran Notes by: Annie Guo

Analog Input and Output. Lecturer: Sri Parameswaran Notes by: Annie Guo Analog Input and Output Lecturer: Sri Parameswaran Notes by: Annie Guo 1 Analog output Lecture overview PMW Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Conversion Analog input Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion 2 PWM Analog

More information

Chapter 2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion...

Chapter 2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion... Chapter... 5 This chapter examines general considerations for analog-to-digital converter (ADC) measurements. Discussed are the four basic ADC types, providing a general description of each while comparing

More information

System on a Chip. Prof. Dr. Michael Kraft

System on a Chip. Prof. Dr. Michael Kraft System on a Chip Prof. Dr. Michael Kraft Lecture 5: Data Conversion ADC Background/Theory Examples Background Physical systems are typically analogue To apply digital signal processing, the analogue signal

More information

Analogue Interfacing. What is a signal? Continuous vs. Discrete Time. Continuous time signals

Analogue Interfacing. What is a signal? Continuous vs. Discrete Time. Continuous time signals Analogue Interfacing What is a signal? Signal: Function of one or more independent variable(s) such as space or time Examples include images and speech Continuous vs. Discrete Time Continuous time signals

More information

CHAPTER 10: DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION PRINCIPLES

CHAPTER 10: DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION PRINCIPLES I. Why digital? CHAPTER 10: DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION PRINCIPLES Almost all the transducers we have considered so far have had an analog output, that is, the output is a different form from the input but

More information

FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers. Signal sampling. Spring 2017 Lecture #5

FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers. Signal sampling. Spring 2017 Lecture #5 FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers Signal sampling Spring 2017 Lecture #5 Bekkeng, 30.01.2017 Content Aliasing Sampling Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC) Filtering Oversampling Triggering

More information

CHAPTER 4. PULSE MODULATION Part 2

CHAPTER 4. PULSE MODULATION Part 2 CHAPTER 4 PULSE MODULATION Part 2 Pulse Modulation Analog pulse modulation: Sampling, i.e., information is transmitted only at discrete time instants. e.g. PAM, PPM and PDM Digital pulse modulation: Sampling

More information

Lecture 6: Digital/Analog Techniques

Lecture 6: Digital/Analog Techniques Lecture 6: Digital/Analog Techniques The electronics signals that we ve looked at so far have been analog that means the information is continuous. A voltage of 5.3V represents different information that

More information

ELG3336 Design of Mechatronics System

ELG3336 Design of Mechatronics System ELG3336 Design of Mechatronics System Elements of a Data Acquisition System 2 Analog Signal Data Acquisition Hardware Your Signal Data Acquisition DAQ Device System Computer Cable Terminal Block Data Acquisition

More information

Analogue to Digital Conversion

Analogue to Digital Conversion Analogue to Digital Conversion Turns electrical input (voltage/current) into numeric value Parameters and requirements Resolution the granularity of the digital values Integral NonLinearity proportionality

More information

EEE3410 Microcontroller Applications Department of Electrical Engineering. Lecture 10. Analogue Interfacing. Vocational Training Council, Hong Kong.

EEE3410 Microcontroller Applications Department of Electrical Engineering. Lecture 10. Analogue Interfacing. Vocational Training Council, Hong Kong. Department of Electrical Engineering Lecture 10 Analogue Interfacing 1 In this Lecture. Interface 8051 with the following Input/Output Devices Transducer/Sensors Analogue-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) Digital-to-Analogue

More information

Based with permission on lectures by John Getty Laboratory Electronics II (PHSX262) Spring 2011 Lecture 9 Page 1

Based with permission on lectures by John Getty Laboratory Electronics II (PHSX262) Spring 2011 Lecture 9 Page 1 Today 3// Lecture 9 Analog Digital Conversion Sampled Data Acquisition Systems Discrete Sampling and Nyquist Digital to Analog Conversion Analog to Digital Conversion Homework Study for Exam next week

More information

Data Acquisition & Computer Control

Data Acquisition & Computer Control Chapter 4 Data Acquisition & Computer Control Now that we have some tools to look at random data we need to understand the fundamental methods employed to acquire data and control experiments. The personal

More information

FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers. Signal sampling. Spring 2015 Lecture #5

FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers. Signal sampling. Spring 2015 Lecture #5 FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers Signal sampling Spring 2015 Lecture #5 Bekkeng, 29.1.2015 Content Aliasing Nyquist (Sampling) ADC Filtering Oversampling Triggering Analog Signal Information

More information

Analog to Digital (ADC) and Digital to Analog (DAC) Converters

Analog to Digital (ADC) and Digital to Analog (DAC) Converters Analog to Digital (ADC) and Digital to Analog (DAC) Converters 1)Vandana yadav Research scholar singhinia university pachri (Raj. ) 2)Amit yadav (Dept. of physics) Electric voltage and current signals

More information

DSP Project. Reminder: Project proposal is due Friday, October 19, 2012 by 5pm in my office (Small 239).

DSP Project. Reminder: Project proposal is due Friday, October 19, 2012 by 5pm in my office (Small 239). DSP Project eminder: Project proposal is due Friday, October 19, 2012 by 5pm in my office (Small 239). Budget: $150 for project. Free parts: Surplus parts from previous year s project are available on

More information

Data acquisition and instrumentation. Data acquisition

Data acquisition and instrumentation. Data acquisition Data acquisition and instrumentation START Lecture Sam Sadeghi Data acquisition 1 Humanistic Intelligence Body as a transducer,, data acquisition and signal processing machine Analysis of physiological

More information

I.E.S-(Conv.)-2007 ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING PAPER - II Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks : 200 Candidates should attempt Question No. 1 which is compulsory and FOUR more questions

More information

Introduction to Discrete-Time Control Systems

Introduction to Discrete-Time Control Systems Chapter 1 Introduction to Discrete-Time Control Systems 1-1 INTRODUCTION The use of digital or discrete technology to maintain conditions in operating systems as close as possible to desired values despite

More information

Module 1: Introduction to Experimental Techniques Lecture 2: Sources of error. The Lecture Contains: Sources of Error in Measurement

Module 1: Introduction to Experimental Techniques Lecture 2: Sources of error. The Lecture Contains: Sources of Error in Measurement The Lecture Contains: Sources of Error in Measurement Signal-To-Noise Ratio Analog-to-Digital Conversion of Measurement Data A/D Conversion Digitalization Errors due to A/D Conversion file:///g /optical_measurement/lecture2/2_1.htm[5/7/2012

More information

UNIT III -- DATA AND PULSE COMMUNICATION PART-A 1. State the sampling theorem for band-limited signals of finite energy. If a finite energy signal g(t) contains no frequency higher than W Hz, it is completely

More information

2 Building Blocks. There is often the need to compare two binary values.

2 Building Blocks. There is often the need to compare two binary values. 2 Building Blocks 2.1 Comparators There is often the need to compare two binary values. This is done using a comparator. A comparator determines whether binary values A and B are: 1. A = B 2. A < B 3.

More information

Chapter 7. Introduction. Analog Signal and Discrete Time Series. Sampling, Digital Devices, and Data Acquisition

Chapter 7. Introduction. Analog Signal and Discrete Time Series. Sampling, Digital Devices, and Data Acquisition Chapter 7 Sampling, Digital Devices, and Data Acquisition Material from Theory and Design for Mechanical Measurements; Figliola, Third Edition Introduction Integrating analog electrical transducers with

More information

Low Power Design of Successive Approximation Registers

Low Power Design of Successive Approximation Registers Low Power Design of Successive Approximation Registers Rabeeh Majidi ECE Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester MA USA rabeehm@ece.wpi.edu Abstract: This paper presents low power design

More information

Cyber-Physical Systems ADC / DAC

Cyber-Physical Systems ADC / DAC Cyber-Physical Systems ADC / DAC ICEN 553/453 Fall 2018 Prof. Dola Saha 1 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) Ø ADC is important almost to all application fields Ø Converts a continuous-time voltage signal

More information

Digital Sampling. This Lecture. Engr325 Instrumentation. Dr Curtis Nelson. Digital sampling Sample rate. Bit depth. Other terms. Types of conversion.

Digital Sampling. This Lecture. Engr325 Instrumentation. Dr Curtis Nelson. Digital sampling Sample rate. Bit depth. Other terms. Types of conversion. Digital Sampling Engr325 Instrumentation Dr Curtis Nelson Digital sampling Sample rate. Bit depth. Other terms. Types of conversion. This Lecture 1 Data Acquisition and Control Computers are nearly always

More information

Combinational Logic Circuits. Combinational Logic

Combinational Logic Circuits. Combinational Logic Combinational Logic Circuits The outputs of Combinational Logic Circuits are only determined by the logical function of their current input state, logic 0 or logic 1, at any given instant in time. The

More information

Lecture #20 Analog Inputs Embedded System Engineering Philip Koopman Wednesday, 30-March-2016

Lecture #20 Analog Inputs Embedded System Engineering Philip Koopman Wednesday, 30-March-2016 Lecture #20 Analog Inputs 18-348 Embedded System Engineering Philip Koopman Wednesday, 30-March-2016 Electrical& Computer ENGINEEING Copyright 2006-2016, Philip Koopman, All ights eserved Commercial HVAC

More information

10 Speech and Audio Signals

10 Speech and Audio Signals 0 Speech and Audio Signals Introduction Speech and audio signals are normally converted into PCM, which can be stored or transmitted as a PCM code, or compressed to reduce the number of bits used to code

More information

UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ESE Undergraduate Labs Electrical Circuits and Systems II Laboratory

UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ESE Undergraduate Labs Electrical Circuits and Systems II Laboratory UNIVERSITY of PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ESE Undergraduate Labs Electrical Circuits and Systems II Laboratory Overview Analog-to-Digital (ADC) and Digital-to-Analog (DAC)

More information

A Dual-Slope Integration Based Analog-to-Digital Convertor

A Dual-Slope Integration Based Analog-to-Digital Convertor American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2 (4): 743-749, 2009 ISSN 1941-7020 2009 Science Publications A Dual-Slope Integration Based Analog-to-Digital Convertor Hasan Krad Department of Computer

More information

IES Digital Mock Test

IES Digital Mock Test . The circuit given below work as IES Digital Mock Test - 4 Logic A B C x y z (a) Binary to Gray code converter (c) Binary to ECESS- converter (b) Gray code to Binary converter (d) ECESS- To Gray code

More information

CENG4480 Lecture 04: Analog/Digital Conversions

CENG4480 Lecture 04: Analog/Digital Conversions CENG4480 Lecture 04: Analog/Digital Conversions Bei Yu byu@cse.cuhk.edu.hk (Latest update: October 3, 2018) Fall 2018 1 / 31 Overview Preliminaries Comparator Digital to Analog Conversion (DAC) Analog

More information

Fan in: The number of inputs of a logic gate can handle.

Fan in: The number of inputs of a logic gate can handle. Subject Code: 17333 Model Answer Page 1/ 29 Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model

More information

Mohit Arora. The Art of Hardware Architecture. Design Methods and Techniques. for Digital Circuits. Springer

Mohit Arora. The Art of Hardware Architecture. Design Methods and Techniques. for Digital Circuits. Springer Mohit Arora The Art of Hardware Architecture Design Methods and Techniques for Digital Circuits Springer Contents 1 The World of Metastability 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Theory of Metastability 1 1.3 Metastability

More information

DATA CONVERSION AND LAB (17.368) Fall Class # 07. October 16, 2008

DATA CONVERSION AND LAB (17.368) Fall Class # 07. October 16, 2008 DATA CONVERSION AND LAB (17.368) Fall 2008 Class # 07 October 16, 2008 Dohn Bowden 1 Today s Lecture Outline Course Admin Lab #3 next week Exam in two weeks 10/30/08 Detailed Technical Discussions Digital

More information

USB4. Encoder Data Acquisition USB Device Page 1 of 8. Description. Features

USB4. Encoder Data Acquisition USB Device Page 1 of 8. Description. Features USB4 Page 1 of 8 The USB4 is a data acquisition device designed to record data from 4 incremental encoders, 8 digital inputs and 4 analog input channels. In addition, the USB4 provides 8 digital outputs

More information

EE 210 Lab Exercise #4 D/A & A/D Converters

EE 210 Lab Exercise #4 D/A & A/D Converters EE 210 Lab Exercise #4 D/A & A/D Converters Introduction This lab deals with simple resistive circuits to perform Digital-to-Analog (D/A) conversion. We also introduce the use of a basic Analog-to-Digital

More information

Menu EEL EEL 3744 A/D and D/A Conversion Process. A-to-D, D-to-A, Part 1

Menu EEL EEL 3744 A/D and D/A Conversion Process. A-to-D, D-to-A, Part 1 Menu A/D-D/A Conversion Processes >Example: Grandma Singing Hymns Digital Signal Processing Analog-to-Digital Conversion >A/D Conversion Methods Operational Amplifier in D/A & A/D Digital-to-Analog Look

More information

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. LAB MANUAL. B.Tech V Semester [ ] (Branch: ETE)

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. LAB MANUAL. B.Tech V Semester [ ] (Branch: ETE) Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. LAB MANUAL SUBJECT:-DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM [BTEC-501] B.Tech V Semester [2013-14] (Branch: ETE) KCT COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH., FATEHGARH PUNJAB TECHNICAL

More information

University of Pennsylvania. Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering. ESE Undergraduate Laboratory. Analog to Digital Converter

University of Pennsylvania. Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering. ESE Undergraduate Laboratory. Analog to Digital Converter University of Pennsylvania Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering ESE Undergraduate Laboratory Analog to Digital Converter PURPOSE The purpose of this lab is to design and build a simple Digital-to-Analog

More information

Analogue to Digital Conversion

Analogue to Digital Conversion Analogue to Digital Conversion Turns electrical input (voltage/current) into numeric value Parameters and requirements Resolution the granularity of the digital values Integral NonLinearity proportionality

More information

Lecture 2. Digital Basics

Lecture 2. Digital Basics Lecture Digital Basics Peter Cheung Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Imperial College London URL: www.ee.ic.ac.uk/pcheung/teaching/de1_ee/ E-mail: p.cheung@imperial.ac.uk Lecture Slide

More information

In this lecture. System Model Power Penalty Analog transmission Digital transmission

In this lecture. System Model Power Penalty Analog transmission Digital transmission System Model Power Penalty Analog transmission Digital transmission In this lecture Analog Data Transmission vs. Digital Data Transmission Analog to Digital (A/D) Conversion Digital to Analog (D/A) Conversion

More information

Advanced Digital Signal Processing Part 2: Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals

Advanced Digital Signal Processing Part 2: Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals Advanced Digital Signal Processing Part 2: Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals Gerhard Schmidt Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel Faculty of Engineering Institute of Electrical Engineering

More information

CONTENTS Sl. No. Experiment Page No

CONTENTS Sl. No. Experiment Page No CONTENTS Sl. No. Experiment Page No 1a Given a 4-variable logic expression, simplify it using Entered Variable Map and realize the simplified logic expression using 8:1 multiplexer IC. 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 1b

More information

Exercise 3: Sound volume robot

Exercise 3: Sound volume robot ETH Course 40-048-00L: Electronics for Physicists II (Digital) 1: Setup uc tools, introduction : Solder SMD Arduino Nano board 3: Build application around ATmega38P 4: Design your own PCB schematic 5:

More information

Data Conversion and Lab (17.368) Fall Lecture Outline

Data Conversion and Lab (17.368) Fall Lecture Outline Data Conversion and Lab (17.368) Fall 2013 Lecture Outline Class # 07 October 17, 2013 Dohn Bowden 1 Today s Lecture Outline Administrative Detailed Technical Discussions Digital to Analog Conversion Lab

More information

II Year (04 Semester) EE6403 Discrete Time Systems and Signal Processing

II Year (04 Semester) EE6403 Discrete Time Systems and Signal Processing Class Subject Code Subject II Year (04 Semester) EE6403 Discrete Time Systems and Signal Processing 1.CONTENT LIST: Introduction to Unit I - Signals and Systems 2. SKILLS ADDRESSED: Listening 3. OBJECTIVE

More information

Embedded Control. Week 3 (7/13/11)

Embedded Control. Week 3 (7/13/11) Embedded Control Week 3 (7/13/11) Week 3 15:00 Lecture Overview of analog signals Digital-to-analog conversion Analog-to-digital conversion 16:00 Lab NXT analog IO Overview of Analog Signals Continuous

More information

Introduction. These two operations are performed by data converters : Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) Digital-to-analogue converter (DAC)

Introduction. These two operations are performed by data converters : Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) Digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) Lezione 7 Conversione analogico digitale Introduzione Campionamento di segnali analogici e Aliasing Porte di campionamento e di mantenimento Quantizzazione segnali analogici Ricostruzione del segnale analogico

More information

ENGR 210 Lab 12: Analog to Digital Conversion

ENGR 210 Lab 12: Analog to Digital Conversion ENGR 210 Lab 12: Analog to Digital Conversion In this lab you will investigate the operation and quantization effects of an A/D and D/A converter. A. BACKGROUND 1. LED Displays We have been using LEDs

More information

Pulse Code Modulation

Pulse Code Modulation Pulse Code Modulation EE 44 Spring Semester Lecture 9 Analog signal Pulse Amplitude Modulation Pulse Width Modulation Pulse Position Modulation Pulse Code Modulation (3-bit coding) 1 Advantages of Digital

More information

Chapter 7: From Digital-to-Analog and Back Again

Chapter 7: From Digital-to-Analog and Back Again Chapter 7: From Digital-to-Analog and Back Again Overview Often the information you want to capture in an experiment originates in the laboratory as an analog voltage or a current. Sometimes you want to

More information

ADS9850 Signal Generator Module

ADS9850 Signal Generator Module 1. Introduction ADS9850 Signal Generator Module This module described here is based on ADS9850, a CMOS, 125MHz, and Complete DDS Synthesizer. The AD9850 is a highly integrated device that uses advanced

More information

Communication Systems Lab

Communication Systems Lab LAB MANUAL Communication Systems Lab (EE-226-F) Prepared by: Varun Sharma (Lab In-charge) Dayal C. Sati (Faculty In-charge) B R C M CET BAHAL DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Page

More information

Design IV. E232 Spring 07

Design IV. E232 Spring 07 Design IV Spring 07 Class 8 Bruce McNair bmcnair@stevens.edu 8-1/38 Computerized Data Acquisition Measurement system architecture System under test sensor sensor sensor sensor signal conditioning signal

More information

22. ANALOG INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

22. ANALOG INPUTS AND OUTPUTS plc analog - 22.1 Topics: Analog inputs and outputs Sampling issues; aliasing, quantization error, resolution Analog I/O with a PLC Objectives: To understand the basics of conversion to and from analog

More information

BEE 2233 Digital Electronics. Chapter 1: Introduction

BEE 2233 Digital Electronics. Chapter 1: Introduction BEE 2233 Digital Electronics Chapter 1: Introduction Learning Outcomes Understand the basic concept of digital and analog quantities. Differentiate the digital and analog systems. Compare the advantages

More information