Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switch Efficiency Validation Testing

Transcription

1 Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switch Efficiency Validation Testing October 2017 DR170816C Miercom.com

2 Contents 1.0 Executive Summary Product Overview How We Did It Power Efficiency Power Factor Total Harmonic Distortion Standby and Startup PoE Behavior Heat Dissipation Time to Power About Miercom Customer Use and Evaluation Use of This Report Appendix Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 2 DR170816C

3 1.0 Executive Summary Ethernet cabling can transfer both data and power to network devices like Voice over IP (VoIP) and wireless access points. From the introduction of smart appliances and other Internet-aware devices, such as LED lighting and thermostats, a demand was created for coherent power efficiency in digital business environments. Centralized power control and management of network and physical end points aims to produce such high efficiency using Ethernet and switch technology. Cisco engaged Miercom for an independent evaluation of their Catalyst Digital Building Series switch. These switches offer Power-over-Ethernet (PoE) and the Cisco-standard Universal PoE (UPOE), which supplies double the power of PoE. Each switch was tested for power efficiency, power factor, total harmonic distortion, standby and startup behavior, heat dissipation and time-to-power. Key Findings Less than 6.5 seconds between power up and power to all ports Standby power consumption under 4 W for both switches Idle power consumption below 6 W (PoE+) and 8 W (UPOE) More than 88 percent PoE+ efficiency for 50 percent or higher voltage load Greater than 90 percent UPOE efficiency for 50 percent or higher voltage load Total harmonic distortion minimized to as little as 7 percent, allowing for higher quality power distribution Robust design offers effective operation over a large temperature range, from -5 to 50 C Based on results of our testing, the Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Switch Series for PoE+ and UPOE displayed high power efficiency, power factor and quality, earning it the Miercom Certified Green award. Robert Smithers CEO Miercom Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 3 DR170816C

4 2.0 Product Overview The digital transformation of businesses using enhanced efficiency solutions has been a costly one. Subsystems such as lighting, HVAC and security, require centralized control and power for optimized energy flow and connectivity. The Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Switch is a Power over Ethernet (PoE) and Universal PoE (UPOE) device for connecting diverse systems into a singularly managed environment. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series Switch Firmware version: Rev. 30 (PoE+ and UPOE) This switch was built with the intent of efficiently powering digital building systems, such as LED lighting. It goes beyond Internet of Things (IoT) switches, offering power efficiency, reliability, management, security and flexibility. Hardware and Flexibility Silent operation with fanless design 8 fast Ethernet ports and 2 gigabit copper uplink ports Available in PoE+ and UPOE models Rack, electrical cabinet or in-ceiling mounting options Direct wire or IEC plug powering options Power and Reliability PoE+ offers 30 W of power per port, supporting up to 240 W UPOE offers 60 W of power per port, supporting up to 480 W Perpetual UPOE supplies continuous power to subsystems, even during upgrades, reboots and configuration changes Fast UPOE provides restoration of PoE and UPOE within 6.5 seconds of power failure 90 percent or more power efficiency above 70 percent maximum PoE load and 50 percent maximum UPOE load Hibernation and idle mode Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 4 DR170816C

5 Control and Management Cisco Configuration Professional for Catalyst web user interface Automatic deployment using either APIC-EM or Network Plug-n-Play solutions Firmware control available on and offline Bluetooth integration Network management using Cisco Prime Infrastructure, Cisco Network Assisstant and Cisco Active Advisor Cisco Energy Management suite for full control and visibility Security and Defense Supports IPv6, LACP, DHCP, Cisco VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP), remote monitoring, LLDP and LDDP-MED identification protocols Functions as IoT protocol, CoAP Proxy, for analytic services Authentication and secure boot capabilities Port-based access control lists In conjunction with a Cisco Catalyst 9300 Series switch, the Catalyst Digital Building Series switch can act as an element of Cisco s Network as a Sensor (NaaS) and Network as an Enforcer (NaaE) solutions to provide deep visibility, intelligence, and role-based enforcement to reduce attack surface and isolate threats Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 5 DR170816C

6 3.0 How We Did It Miercom used hands-on testing designed to simulate a real-world business network environment in order to provide a robust, realistic assessment of the products capabilities, efficiency and effectiveness. The fundamental aspect of the methodology was to create a test framework for validating the power efficiency. Test Tools Reach TR-PoE4N Power over Ethernet Tester (Supports IEEE 802.3af/at/UPOE/PoE++) Tektronix MSO4104 Oscilloscope Yokagawa Power Meter WT310E Tektronix TCP303 Current Probe Tektronix TCPA300 Current Amplifier 5A/V 1000 Series Test Equity Temperature Chamber Chroma ATE 6460 Power Supply A terminal server was used to collect data and control test tools. Tests 1. Power efficiency 2. Power factor 3. Total harmonic distortion 4. Standby and idle mode power consumption 5. Heat dissipation 6. Time to Power Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 6 DR170816C

7 Data from tests 1 through 5 were collected using a single scripted test series, shown below, for different combinations of three temperatures in degrees Celsius ( C) and three voltages (V). Temperatures ( C) Voltages (V) Test Series Script This test series process was used for tests 1 through 5 with different combinations of temperatures and voltages to determine the effect of these variables on PoE performance. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 7 DR170816C

8 Before the test series was run, the environmental test bed chamber was set to the first of three temperatures. Once the chamber was within one degree of the desired temperature, it remained constant for 45 minutes. The input voltage was set to the first of three voltages, and the switch was put into standby mode. During this time, the terminal server queried all measurements for a total of ten times and power cycled the switches to exit standby mode. The switch was then pushed into idle mode, powered on without any load. The terminal server repeated the series for ten iterations, and the Reach PoE tester was set to 10 percent load. Another series of tests were measured. This process was repeated while the PoE tested cycled through loads in 10 percent increments until 100 percent load was reached. The input voltage was changed, and the measurement process was completed. After cycling through all voltages, the temperature chamber was set to the next value. The test bed soaked in this temperature for 45 minutes as before, and each measurement series was repeated for the three voltages. To ensure accurate measurement, the current probes were manually degaussed and balanced during each soak period to eliminate remnants of magnetic fields. Test 6 was measured using an oscilloscope to determine the time difference between power up and PoE power on all ports. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 8 DR170816C

9 Test Bed Diagram Test Equity 1000 Series Temperature Chamber Voltage Fluke DMM 8845A Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Switch Chroma ATE 6460 Power Supply Yokogawa Power Meter Current Probe/Amplifier Oscilloscope Reach Technology PoE Tester Terminal Server Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 9 DR170816C

10 Power Efficiency (Percentage) 4.0 Power Efficiency Description The efficiency was calculated for each load in increments of 10 percent between 0 and 100 percent, at a temperature of -5, 25, and 50 C. The power efficiency of the Cisco Catalyst PoE+ and UPOE switches were measured and calculated as: η = 100 ( P out P in ) This test was repeated three times for AC input voltages of 115, 230, and 277 volts. The charts below are displayed by separate temperature in the Appendix. Results 95 Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Power Efficiency at -5 C, 25 C, 50 C Voltage Load (Percentage) 115 V, -5 C 230 V, -5 C 277 V, -5 C 115 V, 25 C 230 V, 25 C 277 V, 25 C 115 V, 50 C 230 V, 50 C 277 V, 50 C The minimum PoE+ switch efficiency at each voltage and temperature, across the full range of loads, was observed and recorded. Efficiency increased significantly for higher voltages and higher temperatures as 10 to 40 percent voltage loads were applied. For any voltage-temperature combination with a 65 percent or higher voltage load, efficiency was at least 90 percent. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 10 DR170816C

11 Power Efficiency (Percentage) Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Power Efficiency at -5 C, 25 C, 50 C Voltage Load (Percentage) 115 V, -5 C 230 V, -5 C 277 V, -5 C 115 V, 25 C 230 V, 25 C 277 V, 25 C 115 V, 50 C 230 V, 50 C 277 V, 50 C The minimum UPOE switch efficiency at each voltage and temperature, across the full range of loads, was observed and recorded. Like PoE+ switches, efficiency increased sharply for higher voltages and higher temperatures as 10 to 30 percent voltage loads were applied. For any voltage-temperature combination with a 40 percent or higher voltage load, efficiency was at least 90 percent. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 11 DR170816C

12 Power Factor (%) 5.0 Power Factor Description The power factor is the ratio, in percent, of power delivered for its intended purpose. This ratio compares real power and reactive, unused power. A low power factor can decrease system life and possibly result in higher rates from electrical providers. The power factor was measured for each load in increments of 10 percent, from 0 percent to 100 percent. The power factor was measured using the Yokogawa power meter. This test was repeated three times at AC input voltages of 115, 230, and 277 volts. The minimum power factor recorded for each load at each input voltage is shown below. Results 100 Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ AC Power Factor Voltage Load (%) The power factor for PoE+ was measured for three voltages. As expected, the lowest voltage experienced the highest power factor, and the highest voltage had the lowest power factor due to its large variation in real and reactive power. When at least 55 percent of the load was applied, all voltages had a power factor of at least 90 percent. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 12 DR170816C

13 Power Factor (%) 100 Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE AC Power Factor Voltage Load (%) The power factor for UPOE was measured for three voltages. As expected, the lowest voltage saw the highest power factor, and the highest voltage had the lowest power factor due to its large variation in real and reactive power. When at least 50 percent of the load was applied, all voltages had a power factor of at least 90 percent. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 13 DR170816C

14 Total Hardmonic Distrotion (%) 6.0 Total Harmonic Distortion Description The total harmonic distortion is a ratio of harmonic power to fundamental power, where harmonic components are signal nonlinearities which cause distortion. The lower the harmonic distortion, the higher quality of power is observed. The total harmonic distortion in the current was measured for a voltage load range incremented by 10 percent from 0 percent to 100 percent. The total harmonic distortion of the PoE+ and UPOE switches were measured using the Yokogawa power meter. This test was repeated three times at AC input voltages of 115, 230, and 277 volts. The maximum total harmonic distortion recorded for each load at each input voltage is shown below. Results 20 Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Total Harmonic Distortion Voltage Load (%) Lower total harmonic distortion implies a higher power factor, and as seen in the previous test the lower voltage had a higher power factor. The total harmonic distortion was expectedly low for the lowest PoE+ voltage and highest for the highest PoE+ voltage. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 14 DR170816C

15 Total Hardmonic Distrotion (%) Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Total Harmonic Distortion Voltage Load (%) Lower total harmonic distortion means a higher power factor, and as seen in the previous test the lower voltage had a higher power factor. The total harmonic distortion was expectedly low for the lowest UPOE voltage. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 15 DR170816C

16 Power Consumption (W) 7.0 Standby and Startup PoE Behavior Description The maximum power consumption in Watts (W) at each voltage level for standby mode and idle mode are shown below. The power consumption was measured using the Yokogawa power meter. Results 7 Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Power Consumption V 230 V 277 V Standby Power Mode Idle The maximum PoE+ power consumption was measured for three voltages. In standby mode, higher voltages consumed more power but remained below 3.5 W. In idle mode, the highest voltage consumed the least power. It remained below 6 W and may be a result of its high power efficiency. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 16 DR170816C

17 Power Consumption (W) Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Power Consumption V 230 V 277 V Standby Power Mode Idle The maximum UPOE power consumption was measured for three voltages. In standby mode, higher voltages consumed more power, remaining below 4 W. In idle mode, the highest voltage consumed the least power. It remained below 8 W and may be a result of its high power efficiency. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 17 DR170816C

18 Heat Output (BTU/hr) 8.0 Heat Dissipation Description The heat output of the switch is estimated using calculations based on power, voltage and current and converted to the rate of British Thermal Units per hour (BTU/hr). Heat output is calcuated over a range of loads increasing in increments of 10 percent, from 0 percent to 100 percent. The heat dissipation of the Cisco Catalyst PoE+ and UPOE switches is conservatively calculated based on the assumption that all power lost is converted to heat in the switch. The heat output is calculated as follows: Heat Output = (P in V out I out ) This output is converted to BTU/hr, where 1 W equals BTU/hr. This test was repeated three times at AC input voltages of 115, 230, and 277 volts. The maximum heat output calculated for each load at each input voltage is shown below. Results Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Heat Dissipation Voltage Load (%) The PoE+ maximum heat dissipation for each voltage was calculated for a range of loads of different voltages. The highest voltage of 277 volts had the least dissipation as loads were applied and the most linear progression. The modest slope indicated that heat dissipation was gradual and power was not immediately wasted. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 18 DR170816C

19 Heat Output (BTU/hr) Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Heat Dissipation Voltage Load (%) The UPOE maximum heat dissipation for each voltage was calculated for a range of loads of different voltages. The highest voltage of 277 volts had the least dissipation as loads were applied and the most linear progression. UPOE had higher amounts of dissipation, with its maximum for 115 volts at 145 BTU/hr, whereas PoE+at 115 volts only reached 77 BTU/hr. Since there was no sharp increase in heat dissipation, there was not a significant amount of unused power until the higher loads were applied. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 19 DR170816C

20 9.0 Time to Power Description The time to PoE power was measured using the Tektronix oscilloscope. The time between the start of AC power in and the eighth current spike is reported as the time to power. The eighth current spike indicated the time at which the last port received power. The figure below shows a screen capture from the oscilloscope, depicting a typical power-on current signal. All results for this test were captured at room temperature of about 21 C. This oscilloscope measurement was taken the moment the switch powered on and stopped when the PoE ports were powered on. Results PoE+ UPOE Voltage (V) Time to Last Port (s) Voltage (V) Time to Last Port (s) Voltages were tested three times, and the resulting times are the average time to power observed for the PoE+ and UPOE switch. For both PoE+ and UPOE, the time to power had decreased as voltage was increased, providing power in less than 6.5 seconds. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 20 DR170816C

21 About Miercom Miercom has published hundreds of network product analyses in leading trade periodicals and other publications. Miercom s reputation as the leading, independent product test center is undisputed. Private test services available from Miercom include competitive product analyses, as well as individual product evaluations. Miercom features comprehensive certification and test programs including: Certified Interoperable, Certified Reliable, Certified Secure and Certified Green. Products may also be evaluated under the Performance Verified program, the industry s most thorough and trusted assessment for product usability and performance. Customer Use and Evaluation We encourage customers to do their own product trials, as tests are based on the average environment and do not reflect every possible deployment scenario. We offer consulting services and engineering assistance for any customer who wishes to perform an on-site evaluation. Use of This Report Every effort was made to ensure the accuracy of the data contained in this report but errors and/or oversights can occur. The information documented in this report may also rely on various test tools, the accuracy of which is beyond our control. Furthermore, the document relies on certain representations by the vendors that were reasonably verified by Miercom but beyond our control to verify to 100 percent certainty. This document is provided as is, by Miercom and gives no warranty, representation or undertaking, whether express or implied, and accepts no legal responsibility, whether direct or indirect, for the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or suitability of any information contained in this report. All trademarks used in the document are owned by their respective owners. You agree not to use any trademark in or as the whole or part of your own trademarks in connection with any activities, products or services which are not ours, or in a manner which may be confusing, misleading or deceptive or in a manner that disparages us or our information, projects or developments 2017 Miercom. All Rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, photocopied, stored on a retrieval system, or transmitted without the express written consent of the authors. Please reviews@miercom.com for additional information. Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 21 DR170816C

22 Power Efficiency (Percentage) Power Efficiency (Percentage) Power Efficiency (Percentage) Appendix 1. Power Efficiency by temperature i. PoE Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Power Efficiency at -5 C Voltage Load (Percentage) Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Power Efficiency at 25 C Voltage Load (Percentage) Cisco Digital Building Series Switch PoE+ Power Efficiency at 50 C Voltage Load (Percentage) Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 22 DR170816C

23 Power Efficiency (Percentage) Power Efficiency (Percentage) Power Efficiency (Percentage) ii. UPOE Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Power Efficiency at -5 C Voltage Load (Percentage) Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Power Efficiency at 25 C Voltage Load (Percentage) Cisco Digital Building Series Switch UPOE Power Efficiency at 50 C Voltage Load (Percentage) Cisco Catalyst Digital Building Series 23 DR170816C