Computing Logic-Stage Delays Using Circuit Simulation and Symbolic Elmore Analysis
|
|
- Buck Oliver Henry
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Computing Logic-Stge Delys Using Circuit Simultion nd Symolic Elmore Anlysis Clyton B. McDonld Rndl E. Brynt Deprtment of Electricl nd Computer Engineering Crnegie Mellon University, Pittsurgh, PA ABSTRACT The computtion of logic-stge delys is fundmentl su-prolem for mny EDA tsks. Although ccurte delys cn e otined vi circuit simultion, we must estimte the input ssignments tht will mximize the dely. With conventionl methods, it is not fesile to estimte the dely for ll input ssignments on lrge su-networks, so previous pproches hve relied on heuristics. We present symolic lgorithm tht enles efficient computtion of the Elmore dely under ll input ssignments nd dely refinement using circuit-simultion. We nlyze the Elmore estimte with three metrics using dt extrcted from symolic timing simultions of industril circuits. 1. INTRODUCTION The computtion of logic-stge delys in trnsistor networks is fundmentl su-prolem for numer of electronic design utomtion tsks. Exmples include sttic timing nlysis, timing simultion, trnsistor-sizing optimiztion, nd lirry cell chrcteriztion. Determintion of the sensitizing conditions for the mximum nd minimum stge delys is extremely difficult in generl, nd exct solutions my e impossile for lrge networks. Typiclly, stge delys re computed on chnnel-connected regions (CCRs), consisting of ll nodes nd trnsistors rechle from ech other through trnsistor drin-source (chnnel) connections. Given prticulr input trnsition or simultneous set of trnsitions, we wish to determine the dely to the resulting trnsition on designted output node. This dely vlue is generlly dependent on the sttes of other inputs to the stge, s well s the initil conditions of the internl nodes. For exmple, Figure 1 shows dynmic stge where the dely from rising to pc flling is dependent on the vlues of, c, nd x1. Inputs nd c control the conductnce of the dischrge pth, while the initil stte of x1 ffects the mount of chrge tht must e removed. Determining the sensitizing conditions for the minimum or mximum dely is further complicted y potentil logicl reltionships etween the inputs. This reserch ws supported y the SRC (contrct DC-068) Permission to mke digitl or hrd copies of ll or prt of this work for personl or clssroom use is grnted without fee provided tht copies re not mde or distriuted for profit or commercil dvntge nd tht copies er this notice nd the full cittion on the first pge. To copy otherwise, to repulish, to post on servers or to redistriute to lists, requires prior specific permission nd/or fee. DAC 2001, June 18-22, 2001, Ls Vegs, Nevd, USA. Copyright 2001 ACM /01/ $5.00. CK / c 0 pc \ x1 Figure 1: Effects of Side-Conditions on Dely Previously pulished pproches hve used comintion of forml methods nd heuristics. Desi nd Yen [8] implemented lgorithms for sensitizing the mximum dely on specified pth through multi-ccr trnsistor-level network, which they decomposed into sensitizing series of mximum delys through single CCRs. Their method utilizes Boolen functions (stored s Binry Decision Digrms, or BDDs) to compute the set of input ssignments tht enle the desired input to output trnsition. For smll CCRs, they dvocte explicit enumertion of these input ssignments to determine which sensitizes the lrgest dely. For lrge CCRs, they first determine the mximum-resistnce driving pth, nd then use greedy lgorithm tht ttempts to select the ssignment which mximizes the cpcitnce connected to the output node. This pproch ssumes tht the ssignment tht mximizes the Elmore dely will mximize the true dely, n ssumption tht is chllenged y our dt (Section 3). Furthermore, mximizing the resistnce efore considering cpcitnces my not even led to mximl Elmore dely, s there might e n ssignment which sensitizes low-resistnce, high-cpcitnce driving pth with lrger RC product. Burks nd Min s pproch [5] is quite similr, though they primrily focused on incorporting logicl dependencies etween inputs. To select the worst-cse input ssignment, they sy only tht they use heuristic method. Our pproch lso uses the Elmore dely s n estimte of the true dely. However, using symolic techniques, we cn exploit the regulrity of lrge CCRs nd compute the Elmore dely exctly for ll input ssignments while voiding exponentil lowup for ll ut the most pthologicl cses. The primry enler for our methodology is the Multi-Terminl Binry Decision Digrm (MTBDD) dt structure [2]. Using MTBDDs, we compute the Elmore dely for ll possile input ssignments. We cn then select one ssignment for ech possile dely cse, nd use it s stimulus for SPICE-like simultion. Section 2 discusses the computtion of the symolic Elmore dely nd its refinement to high-ccurcy dely vlues with SPICE-
2 =1 x2 F / c=0 x2 out x1 τ out x1 Figure 2: Elmore Approximtion for Logic Stge + - F Figure 3: Exmple MTBDD + G H like simultor. We then present error-chrcteriztion dt in Section 3, drwn from test-runs of our symolic timing simultor on industril circuit designs STAGE-DELAY CALCULATION 2.1 Elmore Estimte Since our pproch is sed on the Elmore estimte of logicstge s dely, we will first present quick review. The Elmore dely is n estimte of the dominnt time constnt of the step-response of n RC tree. As result, it hs een hevily utilized for estimting delys in interconnect networks. However, numer of reserchers hve dpted it to otin dely estimtes of single stges of MOSFET circuits [11, 6]. This is ccomplished y removing non-conducting (OFF) trnsistors nd replcing conducting (ON) trnsistors with simple liner resistors. At ech internl node we compute single grounded cpcitnce vlue, nd then heuristiclly rek loops of conducting trnsistors to complete the RC tree. This conversion process is depicted in Figure 2. Besides the oviously risky pproximtion of trnsistors y liner resistnces, the Elmore estimte hs severl deficiencies when used for logic stges. First, it ssumes tht the inputs switch instntneously t time zero. To incorporte the effects of non-zero rise/fll times, we cn effectively modify the resistnce representing the turning-on trnsistor to reflect its reduced drive-cpcity or clculte n empiricl penlty to e dded onto the finl dely estimte. The second mjor ssumption is tht of single driving voltge source. This cn e significnt difficulty in nlyzing stges where multiple pulldown pths cn e ctivted simultneously, or for rtioed circuits where pullup nd pulldown pths re fighting ech other. Agin, empiricl pproximtions cn e mde to incorporte these effects, s ws done y Chu[6]. Since our symolic Elmore nlysis procedure is sed on Chu s, it implements these enhncements. 2.2 MTBDDs Previously pulished pproches to stge-dely computtion hve utilized symolic techniques to hndle logicl restrictions on input ptterns with considerle success. However, they hve hd to resort to heuristic methods for representing rel-vlued functions, such s resistnce, cpcitnce nd dely. The primry enler for our pproch, nd the key to extending symolic techniques to this rel-vlued domin, is the Multi-Terminl Binry Decision Digrm (MTBDD) [2]. MTBDDs re generliztions of BDDs tht llow n ritrry numer of rel-vlued terminls. For exmple, the MTBDD in Figure 3 represents the function F hving two inputs nd. To de- Figure 4: Exmple MTBDD Opertion termine the return vlue for ny given input ssignment, we work downwrds from the root, following the solid rc from nodes ssigned 1 nd the dshed rcs from nodes ssigned 0. We cn see tht F 2:5 when either or is 1, nd F 1:2 otherwise. Computtion on MTBDDs cn e ccomplished using the function MtddApply, which is virtully identicl to the well-known BDD Apply function[3]. It tkes s rguments n opertor nd two opernds, nd returns n MTBDD representing the result for ll input ssignments. For exmple, Figure 4 shows two input MTB- DDs F nd G, nd the MTBDD tht would result from computing MtddApply(+,F,G). MtddApply hs worst-cse complexity O(jFj jgj), where jfj represents the numer of terminls in MTBDD F. Using MtddApply, we cn perform ny lgeric opertions necessry to compute series nd prllel resistnces, RC products, nd other quntities needed for our nlysis. For exmple, since Elmore delys in digitl networks re computed y replcing trnsistors with switched resistors, we cn represent its symolic resistnce y n MTBDD which returns infinity where the trnsistor is off, nd its equivlent conducting resistnce when it is on (Figure 5). Then, using MtddApply clls, we cn compute ritrry prllel nd series comintions of these symolic resistors s shown in Figure 6. Throughout this pper, we will denote BDDs nd MTBDDs in oldfce (i.e. F), while sclr vlues will pper in norml type. We will lso often utilize infix nottion rther thn explicit clls to MtddApply, such tht F + G MtddApply(+; F; G). In some cses it will e convenient to specify trivil MTBDDs, consisting only of single terminl node, in rckets (i.e. [1:5]). 5/1 3.2K Figure 5: Representing FETs inf R 3.2
3 ck 5/1 5/1 c d inf Figure 6: Symolic FET Anlysis 1ns Inf. ck R c c c d d d d.8ns.4ns.27ns Figure 7: Exmple T dely for dynmic NOR.2ns 2.3 Symolic Elmore Anlysis The core of our symolic Elmore nlysis procedure is the pir of functions SymolicComputeDC nd SymolicComputeDely, which re descried in detil in [9]. Given chnnel-connected trnsistor network (CCR) whose input nd internl node-vlues hve een set to pproprite Boolen functions, SymolicComputeDC(z) returns BDD representing the function to which node z will settle. SymolicComputeDely(z,f) returns n MTBDD representing the time required for node z to settle to function f. Both functions strt from the output node nd recur through chnnel connections until they rech power or ground. They then perform series nd prllel computtions s they return from the recursion, using symolic lger s outlined ove. SymolicComputeDC uses voltge-divider or chrge-shring eqution to compute n MTBDD representing the stedy-stte voltge t the output node under ny input ssignment. This voltge vlue is thresholded to otin Boolen function for the output node. In similr fshion, SymolicComputeDely computes symolic resistnce nd cpcitnce MTBDDs tht re comined to otin the symolic Elmore dely MTBDD, T dely. Our procedure for computing the DC vlue of CCR is more generl thn tht presented y Desi [8], since it hndles the intermedite voltge levels generted y rtioed logic, nd differentites utomticlly etween the drive strengths of logic trnsistors nd wek holders. If this generlity is not required, purely BDDsed pproch such s Desi s my e sustituted. Alterntively, the multi-strength pproch used y COSMOS [4] hs lso een shown to work well for most digitl circuits. Since ll computtions re performed symoliclly using MTB- DDs nd symolic lger, the finl dely MTBDD T dely encodes the correct Elmore dely under ll input ssignments. In generl, T dely cn e of exponentil size with respect to the numer of inputs to the CCR. Typiclly, the CCRs eing nlyzed re quite smll nd this exponentil possiility is not concern. Fortuntely, lrger CCRs tend to contin regulrities tht cn e cptured y sugrph shring in the MTBDD dt structure. Figure 7 shows 1 Refine( Network N, T dely ) 2 T rened [1] 3 while (T dely 6= [1]) 4 d min MtddMinTerminl(T dely ) 5 Equl MtddEqul(T dely ; d min) 6 cue GetRndomCue(Equl) 7 8 nodes n 2 N 8 n:v Evlute(n:vlue; cue) 9 d refined TETA(N ) 10 T rened MtddITE(Equl; [d refined ] ; T rened ) 11 T dely MtddITE(Equl; [1] ; T dely ) 12 return T rened Figure 8: Dely Refinement the T dely tht results from computing the symolic Elmore dely of wide dynmic NOR gte. We see tht we only need one terminl for ech numer of pulldowns tht cn e on simultneously, nd tht there re lrge numer of reconverging pths in the MTBDD. Thus for circuits of this type, the dely MTBDD will only e of qudrtic size, rther thn exponentil. In our experience, pthologicl cses re extremely rre. In fct, we firly esily constructed the dely MTBDD for 64-it rrel-shifter contining more thn 8000 trnsistors in single CCR. 2.4 Refining the Dely Vlues As the results in Section 3 will demonstrte, the Elmore dely is firly poor estimte of the stge dely. However, we hve found it to e quite effective t seprting input ptterns into equivlent dely clsses. Bsed on this oservtion, we hve implemented methodology tht refines the symolic Elmore dely y selecting sensitizing input ssignment from ech dely clss nd recomputing the dely using SPICE-like circuit simultor. In this wy, the symolic Elmore dely ecomes heuristic pre-processing routine for selecting input ssignments. The circuit simultor we hve een working with is TETA [1, 7], from Crnegie Mellon. It is essentilly fst, cllle circuit simultor with ccurcy comprle to SPICE. By using successive chord integrtion method nd tle-lookup model for I ds currents, TETA cn re-use expensive LU fctoriztion results cross multiple timesteps nd input stimuli. Thus, it is idelly suited to quickly evluting sets of delys on single network under multiple input ssignments. The lgorithm for refining the symolic Elmore dely MTBDD is shown in Figure 8. For ech terminl of the dely MTBDD, we select sensitizing ssignment, evlute the node vlues under tht ssignment, nd compute the dely using TETA. The refined dely MTBDD is constructed with series of MtddITE opertions, nd we terminte once we hve refined ech terminl of the Elmore MTBDD. This lgorithm is perhps deceptively simple, nd we discovered numer of difficulties in implementing it in prctice. We re effectively performing mixed-mode logic nd circuit simultion, where the conversion etween the two modes is performed t ech CCR oundry. Since logic nd circuit simultion operte t such widely seprted levels of strction, there re ound to e sustntil mismtches in results. While we found tht the vst mjority of CCR nlyses completed flwlessly, significnt specil csing code ws required to hndle conflicts. Among other things, we were forced to hndle mismtching DC vlues, especilly those due to ggressively rtioed logic or chrge-shring glitches. In d-
4 1 MinMxTrnsitionDely( Network N, hin; out; in 0; out 0; Ri ) 2 out:vlue out inputs i 2 N 4 i:vlue oolen vrile x i 5 in:vlue in 0 6 f 0 ComputeDC(out) 7 in:vlue in 0 8 f 1 ComputeDC(out) 9 S f 0 f 1 10 T R ^ S inputs i 2 N 13 i:vlue i:vlue T internl nodes n 2 N 16 n:vlue out 0 17 M SymolicComputeDely(out; out 0) 18 MinDely MtddMinT erminl(m ) internl nodes n 6= out 2 N 21 n:vlue out 0 22 M SymolicComputeDely(out; out 0) 23 MxDely MtddMxT erminl(m ) returnhmindely; MxDelyi Figure 9: Min/Mx Stge Dely Computtion dition, circuit ehvior ignored y the Elmore pproximtion (Section 3.4) lso resulted in refined dely vlues tht were negtive, or trnsitions tht occur outside the expected simultion time-window. Since our initil ppliction is in symolic simultion environment, we chose to e conservtive y utilizing X s wherever necessry to cover the uncertinties. However, this specil-csing code will e highly dependent on the needs of the ppliction in which this dely-clcultion scheme is emedded. 2.5 Applictions Armed with these tools, we cn perform stge-dely clcultion for numer of pplictions. Ech ppliction will primrily differ in the mnner of initilizing the input nd internl nodes. In this section we discuss how to pply these routines to symolic timing simultion nd to sttic timing nlysis Sttic Timing Anlysis For sttic timing nlysis, pth trcing will identify trnsition for which we need to clculte the minimum nd mximum dely. We will ssume tht trnsition is specified s the following tuple: T = hin; out; in 0; out 0; Ri in = input node out = output node in 0 = initil vlue of input node 2 0; 1 out 0 = initil vlue of output node 2 0; 1 R = logicl restriction function For exmple, T = h; z; 0; 1; ci would represent the trnsition from rising input node to flling output node z, ssuming tht side inputs nd c re mutully exclusive. The sttic timing nlysis stge-dely lgorithm is shown in Figure 9. To determine the setup conditions which enle trnsition of this form, we first compute the DC vlues tht result from the initil nd finl input stimuli. These re comined to determine the conditions S under which the output node will switch s desired. The switching constrint S is ANDed with the logicl restriction function R to otin the finl trnsition condition T. Lstly, the inverse of T is XORed with ll input node vlues to constrin the cceptle input ptterns. For mx dely clcultion, we initilize ll internl nodes to the output initil vlue, nd cll SymolicComputeDely. The resultnt MTBDD contins the dely under ech input ssignment, so we need only select the mximum terminl vlue. For min dely clcultion, we initilize ll internl nodes to the output finl vlue, cll SymolicComputeDely gin, nd select the minimum terminl Symolic Timing Simultion For symolic timing simultion (STS), we require the full generlity of these two routines. This is not surprising, since STS ws the originl motivtion ehind the development of our pproch. Since symolic timing simultion is event-driven, we repetedly select n event from the event queue, updte node stte ccordingly nd compute the resultnt effects. In this wy, input nd internl node stte initiliztion is tken cre of y the event-driven simultion engine. After ech event, we merely cll SymolicComputeDC to determine output nd internl node DC vlues, nd SymolicComputeDely to otin the symolic delys. These delys re then scheduled s new events ccording to the lgorithms in [10]. 3. RESULTS We hve implemented this methodology in the symolic timing simultor STEED [10], nd run it on numer of sustntil testcses. As result, we hve collected lrge numer of dt points over wide rnge of circuit types, including sttic, domino, DCVSL, pss-gte logic, nd some izrre custom topologies. We generted some of the test cses ourselves, ut the mjority were supplied y the Compq Alph microprocessor design tem. The TETA device models re for 0.18um ST-Microelectronics process. In ccordnce with the potentil pplictions of this methodology, we hve collected dt with respect to three performnce metrics. These metrics mesure the Elmore dely s solute ccurcy, its ility to detect the min/mx dely cses, nd its clssifiction of delys into equivlence clsses. In ll three cses, the TETA dely vlues re ssumed to give the true delys, while the Elmore dely is considered to e n pproximtion. 3.1 Asolute Accurcy In terms of solute ccurcy, the Elmore dely does not perform prticulrly well. Figure 10 shows the percentge errors in Elmore delys vs TETA-sed delys, over pproximtely simultion cses. Only 50% of ll Elmore dely vlues were within 50% of the TETA-sed vlue. These inccurcies re wht we would otin y simply utilizing the Elmore estimte s our dely vlue, without pplying refinement scheme sed on more ccurte model. 3.2 Differentition The second performnce metric we mesured is differentition. Here we re ttempting to determine how well the Elmore dely groups different input ssignments into equivlence clsses. We mesured this y generting two dditionl rndom input ssignments within ech equivlence clss, nd simulting them in TETA.
5 1 Error in Elmore Prediction for Mx Dely Cse Cumultive Percentge of Cses Error in Elmore Dely vs. Tet Dely Cumultive Percentge of Cses Percent Error Figure 12: Errors From Mximizing Elmore Dely Cumultive Percentge of Cses Percent Error Figure 10: Elmore Dely Accurcy Error Within Elmore Equivlence Clsses Percent Error Figure 11: Spred Within Elmore Equivlence Clsses The dditionl dt points were compred with the one selected y our lgorithm, nd the percentge error ws computed. Figure 11 shows cumultive plot of these errors. Approximtely 97% of the the dditionl dt points otined the sme dely vlue s the originl representtives of their equivlence clsses, nd 99% were within 20%. This metric demonstrtes the errors tht cn e expected when pplying our pproch. For the vst mjority of cses, the Elmore estimte ppers to correctly prtition the input ssignments into equivlence clsses. While there remin circuit effects tht re not ccounted for y the Elmore estimte (see Section 3.4), they re reltively rre nd the frequency of their ssocited errors tend to drop off quickly s their mgnitudes increse. 3.3 Min/Mx Selection The finl metric is min/mx selection, which we mesured y compring the true mximum dely over ll input ssignments with the refined vlue of the mximum Elmore dely. This reflects the wy in which the Elmore dely is used to identify the mximum dely cse in previously pulished techniques. Figure 12 shows the reltive error due to ssuming the mximum Elmore dely cse will yield the mximum true dely. Only in out 74% of the cses did the mximum Elmore dely cse give the true mximum. Furthermore, in nerly 10% of the cses, the mximum Elmore dely cse produced dely with more thn 50% error reltive to the true mximum. This metric highlights the errors ssocited with previously pulished pproches, which ttempt to mximize the Elmore estimte nd then refine tht cse lone. Since the solute ccurcy of the Elmore estimte is so poor, it is not surprising tht we would incur errors y ssuming the mximum Elmore dely will led to the mximum true dely. 3.4 Limittions of the Elmore Estimte The previous section gives some quntittive informtion on the potentil inccurcies ssocited with using the Elmore estimte. Since lrge mounts of informtion re lost in constructing the Elmore equivlent circuit, we should expect some circuit-effects to e ignored which could led to significnt errors. In generl, the circuit ehvior on nodes tht re rechle through conducting trnsistors from the output node is modeled sufficiently to llow the Elmore dely to identify equivlent ssignments. From nlysis of lrge numer of error cses from our experiments, we
6 out \ in / c=0 Figure 13: Elmore Dely with S-D Coupling c 4. CONCLUSION We hve presented new technique for computing logic-stge delys in CMOS trnsistor networks. Our technique leverges MTB- DDs to enle the computtion of n Elmore dely estimte for ll possile input ssignments, which effectively groups these ssignments in Elmore-equivlent clsses. We cn extrct representtive from ech of the clsses for refinement of the dely vlue using circuit simultion. This pproch is pplicle to wide rnge of EDA prolems, nd demonstrtes the power of symolic methods even in deling with lrgely rel-vlued domins such s timing. Our pproch represents n improvement in ccurcy over previously pulished methods of dely clcultion for sttic timing nlysis in tht enles direct computtion of the Elmore estimte for ll input ssignments. Given this cpility, we cn void mjor source of errors y mximizing the refined dely vlues directly, rther thn ssuming the mximl-elmore cse will mximize the true dely. / c out \ 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thnk Emrh Acr for his help in integrting the TETA circuit simultor, nd the Compq Alph development tem nd ST Microelectronics for llowing us ccess to sensitive informtion for our experiments. Figure 14: Elmore Dely with Cross-Over Current hve determined tht the lrgest sources of errors re due to circuit ehvior on the fr side of off or turning-off trnsistors. By fr the lrgest source of errors re cpcitive coupling effects through nonconducting source-drin connections nd cross-over current flowing through turning-off trnsistors. Both effects re inherently excluded y the nture of the Elmore estimte. Figure 13 shows n exmple of the error induced y sourcedrin cpcitive coupling. While somewht contrived, it serves to demonstrte the circuit issues involved. Here we re ttempting to determine the dely from in rising to out flling, given tht node c is low. Since c is low nd its ssocited trnsistor is nonconducting, the vlues of nd will hve no effect on the Elmore dely estimte. However, using circuit simultor such s SPICE or TETA, we might see considerle difference etween the cses h = 1; = 1i nd h = 0; =0i. In the former, node will e flling, nd through source-drin coupling, will ccelerte the fll of out. In the ltter, node will e stle nd out will ehve s the Elmore dely predicts. In generl, the effects of source-drin coupling cn e unounded, nd re hevily dependent on process nd trnsistor-sizing. Figure 14 shows cse in which cross-over current through the turning-off pfet connected to will ffect the stge dely. In computing the Elmore dely, we set ll inputs to their finl vlues ( 0 in this cse), replce conducting trnsistors with resistors, nd determine the settling time of the resulting RC network. Therefore, ny circuit ehvior occurring in the top portion of the pfet chin cnnot ffect the Elmore computtion. However, under circuit simultion, we will see dely difference etween the cses h = 0; c = 0i nd h = 0; c=1i. The two cses differ only in the resistnce of the top portion of the pfet pullup chin, nd thus in the mount of cross-over current tht will flow into node out while is rising. If is rising slowly enough, nd the difference in crossover current is lrge, we could see sustntil vritions in the true dely of these su-cses despite hving the sme Elmore estimte. 6. REFERENCES [1] E. Acr nd L. T. Pileggi. TETA: Trnsistor-Level Engine for Timing Anlysis. CMU Internl Report, [2] R. I. Bhr, E. A. Frohm, C. M. Gon, G. Hchtel, E. Mcii, A. Prdo, nd F. Somenzi. Algeric Decision Digrms nd Their Applictions. ACM/IEEE Interntionl Conference on Computer Aided Design, pges , Novemer [3] R. E. Brynt. Grph-Bsed Algorithms for Boolen Function Mnipultion. IEEE Trnsctions on Computers, C-35(8):79 85, August [4] R. E. Brynt. Boolen Anlysis of MOS Circuits. IEEE Trnsctions on Computer Aided Design of Integrted Circuits nd Systems, CAD-6(4): , July [5] T. M. Burks nd R. E. Mins. Incorporting Signl Dependencies into Sttic Trnsistor-Level Dely Clcultion. TAU: ACM/IEEE Interntionl Workshop on Timing Issues in the Specifiction nd Synthesis of Digitl Systems, pges , [6] C. Y. Chu. Improved Models for Switch-Level Simultion. PhD thesis, Stnford University, Octoer [7] F. Drtu nd L. T. Pileggi. TETA: Trnsistor-Level Engine for Timing Anlysis. Proceedings of the Design Automtion Conference, pges , June [8] M. P. Desi nd Y. T. Yen. A Systemtic Technique for Verifying Criticl Pth Delys in 300MHz Alph CPU Design Using Circuit Simultion. Proceedings of the Design Automtion Conference, pges , June [9] C. B. McDonld nd R. E. Brynt. Symolic Functionl nd Timing Verifiction of Trnsistor Level Circuits. ACM/IEEE Interntionl Conference on Computer Aided Design, pges , Novemer [10] C. B. McDonld nd R. E. Brynt. Symolic Timing Simultion Using Cluster Scheduling. Proceedings of the Design Automtion Conference, June [11] C. J. Termn. RSIM - A Logic-Level Timing Simultor. Interntionl Conference on Computer Design, pges , Octoer 1983.
Homework #1 due Monday at 6pm. White drop box in Student Lounge on the second floor of Cory. Tuesday labs cancelled next week
Announcements Homework #1 due Mondy t 6pm White drop ox in Student Lounge on the second floor of Cory Tuesdy ls cncelled next week Attend your other l slot Books on reserve in Bechtel Hmley, 2 nd nd 3
More informationMixed CMOS PTL Adders
Anis do XXVI Congresso d SBC WCOMPA l I Workshop de Computção e Aplicções 14 20 de julho de 2006 Cmpo Grnde, MS Mixed CMOS PTL Adders Déor Mott, Reginldo d N. Tvres Engenhri em Sistems Digitis Universidde
More informationExperiment 3: Non-Ideal Operational Amplifiers
Experiment 3: Non-Idel Opertionl Amplifiers Fll 2009 Equivlent Circuits The bsic ssumptions for n idel opertionl mplifier re n infinite differentil gin ( d ), n infinite input resistnce (R i ), zero output
More informationMulti-beam antennas in a broadband wireless access system
Multi-em ntenns in rodnd wireless ccess system Ulrik Engström, Mrtin Johnsson, nders Derneryd nd jörn Johnnisson ntenn Reserch Center Ericsson Reserch Ericsson SE-4 84 Mölndl Sweden E-mil: ulrik.engstrom@ericsson.com,
More informationSequential Logic (2) Synchronous vs Asynchronous Sequential Circuit. Clock Signal. Synchronous Sequential Circuits. FSM Overview 9/10/12
9//2 Sequentil (2) ENGG5 st Semester, 22 Dr. Hden So Deprtment of Electricl nd Electronic Engineering http://www.eee.hku.hk/~engg5 Snchronous vs Asnchronous Sequentil Circuit This Course snchronous Sequentil
More informationExperiment 3: Non-Ideal Operational Amplifiers
Experiment 3: Non-Idel Opertionl Amplifiers 9/11/06 Equivlent Circuits The bsic ssumptions for n idel opertionl mplifier re n infinite differentil gin ( d ), n infinite input resistnce (R i ), zero output
More informationMAXIMUM FLOWS IN FUZZY NETWORKS WITH FUNNEL-SHAPED NODES
MAXIMUM FLOWS IN FUZZY NETWORKS WITH FUNNEL-SHAPED NODES Romn V. Tyshchuk Informtion Systems Deprtment, AMI corportion, Donetsk, Ukrine E-mil: rt_science@hotmil.com 1 INTRODUCTION During the considertion
More informationCHAPTER 2 LITERATURE STUDY
CHAPTER LITERATURE STUDY. Introduction Multipliction involves two bsic opertions: the genertion of the prtil products nd their ccumultion. Therefore, there re two possible wys to speed up the multipliction:
More informationCHAPTER 3 AMPLIFIER DESIGN TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 3 AMPLIFIER DEIGN TECHNIQUE 3.0 Introduction olid-stte microwve mplifiers ply n importnt role in communiction where it hs different pplictions, including low noise, high gin, nd high power mplifiers.
More informationGeometric quantities for polar curves
Roerto s Notes on Integrl Clculus Chpter 5: Bsic pplictions of integrtion Section 10 Geometric quntities for polr curves Wht you need to know lredy: How to use integrls to compute res nd lengths of regions
More information& Y Connected resistors, Light emitting diode.
& Y Connected resistors, Light emitting diode. Experiment # 02 Ojectives: To get some hndson experience with the physicl instruments. To investigte the equivlent resistors, nd Y connected resistors, nd
More informationMath Circles Finite Automata Question Sheet 3 (Solutions)
Mth Circles Finite Automt Question Sheet 3 (Solutions) Nickols Rollick nrollick@uwterloo.c Novemer 2, 28 Note: These solutions my give you the nswers to ll the prolems, ut they usully won t tell you how
More informationKirchhoff s Rules. Kirchhoff s Laws. Kirchhoff s Rules. Kirchhoff s Laws. Practice. Understanding SPH4UW. Kirchhoff s Voltage Rule (KVR):
SPH4UW Kirchhoff s ules Kirchhoff s oltge ule (K): Sum of voltge drops round loop is zero. Kirchhoff s Lws Kirchhoff s Current ule (KC): Current going in equls current coming out. Kirchhoff s ules etween
More informationDataflow Language Model. DataFlow Models. Applications of Dataflow. Dataflow Languages. Kahn process networks. A Kahn Process (1)
The slides contin revisited mterils from: Peter Mrwedel, TU Dortmund Lothr Thiele, ETH Zurich Frnk Vhid, University of liforni, Riverside Dtflow Lnguge Model Drsticlly different wy of looking t computtion:
More informationA Development of Earthing-Resistance-Estimation Instrument
A Development of Erthing-Resistnce-Estimtion Instrument HITOSHI KIJIMA Abstrct: - Whenever erth construction work is done, the implnted number nd depth of electrodes hve to be estimted in order to obtin
More information(CATALYST GROUP) B"sic Electric"l Engineering
(CATALYST GROUP) B"sic Electric"l Engineering 1. Kirchhoff s current l"w st"tes th"t (") net current flow "t the junction is positive (b) Hebr"ic sum of the currents meeting "t the junction is zero (c)
More informationEngineer-to-Engineer Note
Engineer-to-Engineer Note EE-297 Technicl notes on using Anlog Devices DSPs, processors nd development tools Visit our Web resources http://www.nlog.com/ee-notes nd http://www.nlog.com/processors or e-mil
More information(1) Non-linear system
Liner vs. non-liner systems in impednce mesurements I INTRODUCTION Electrochemicl Impednce Spectroscopy (EIS) is n interesting tool devoted to the study of liner systems. However, electrochemicl systems
More informationSynchronous Machine Parameter Measurement
Synchronous Mchine Prmeter Mesurement 1 Synchronous Mchine Prmeter Mesurement Introduction Wound field synchronous mchines re mostly used for power genertion but lso re well suited for motor pplictions
More informationISSCC 2006 / SESSION 21 / ADVANCED CLOCKING, LOGIC AND SIGNALING TECHNIQUES / 21.5
21.5 A 1.1GHz Chrge-Recovery Logic Visvesh Sthe, Jung-Ying Chueh, Mrios Ppefthymiou University of Michign, Ann Aror, MI Boost Logic is chrge-recovery circuit fmily cple of operting t GHz-clss frequencies
More informationDesign and implementation of a high-speed bit-serial SFQ adder based on the binary decision diagram
INSTITUTE OFPHYSICS PUBLISHING Supercond. Sci. Technol. 16 (23) 1497 152 SUPERCONDUCTORSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PII: S953-248(3)67111-3 Design nd implementtion of high-speed it-seril SFQ dder sed on the
More informationSolutions to exercise 1 in ETS052 Computer Communication
Solutions to exercise in TS52 Computer Communiction 23 Septemer, 23 If it occupies millisecond = 3 seconds, then second is occupied y 3 = 3 its = kps. kps If it occupies 2 microseconds = 2 6 seconds, then
More informationA COMPARISON OF CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATIONS FROM A SECURITY PERSPECTIVE
A COMPARISON OF CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATIONS FROM A SECURITY PERSPECTIVE Mster Thesis Division of Electronic Devices Deprtment of Electricl Engineering Linköping University y Timmy Sundström LITH-ISY-EX--05/3698--SE
More informationUnderstanding Basic Analog Ideal Op Amps
Appliction Report SLAA068A - April 2000 Understnding Bsic Anlog Idel Op Amps Ron Mncini Mixed Signl Products ABSTRACT This ppliction report develops the equtions for the idel opertionl mplifier (op mp).
More informationSynchronous Machine Parameter Measurement
Synchronous Mchine Prmeter Mesurement 1 Synchronous Mchine Prmeter Mesurement Introduction Wound field synchronous mchines re mostly used for power genertion but lso re well suited for motor pplictions
More informationNevery electronic device, since all the semiconductor
Proceedings of Interntionl Joint Conference on Neurl Networks, Orlndo, Florid, USA, August 12-17, 2007 A Self-tuning for Rel-time Voltge Regultion Weiming Li, Xio-Hu Yu Abstrct In this reserch, self-tuning
More informationDESIGN OF CONTINUOUS LAG COMPENSATORS
DESIGN OF CONTINUOUS LAG COMPENSATORS J. Pulusová, L. Körösi, M. Dúbrvská Institute of Robotics nd Cybernetics, Slovk University of Technology, Fculty of Electricl Engineering nd Informtion Technology
More informationABB STOTZ-KONTAKT. ABB i-bus EIB Current Module SM/S Intelligent Installation Systems. User Manual SM/S In = 16 A AC Un = 230 V AC
User Mnul ntelligent nstlltion Systems A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 30 ma 30 ma n = AC Un = 230 V AC 30 ma 9 10 11 12 C ABB STOTZ-KONTAKT Appliction Softwre Current Vlue Threshold/1 Contents Pge 1 Device Chrcteristics...
More informationNetwork Theorems. Objectives 9.1 INTRODUCTION 9.2 SUPERPOSITION THEOREM
M09_BOYL3605_13_S_C09.indd Pge 359 24/11/14 1:59 PM f403 /204/PH01893/9780133923605_BOYLSTAD/BOYLSTAD_NTRO_CRCUT_ANALYSS13_S_978013... Network Theorems Ojectives Become fmilir with the superposition theorem
More informationRegular languages can be expressed as regular expressions.
Regulr lnguges cn e expressed s regulr expressions. A generl nondeterministic finite utomton (GNFA) is kind of NFA such tht: There is unique strt stte nd is unique ccept stte. Every pir of nodes re connected
More informationDirect Current Circuits. Chapter Outline Electromotive Force 28.2 Resistors in Series and in Parallel 28.3 Kirchhoff s Rules 28.
P U Z Z L E R If ll these pplinces were operting t one time, circuit reker would proly e tripped, preventing potentilly dngerous sitution. Wht cuses circuit reker to trip when too mny electricl devices
More informationUniversity of North Carolina-Charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECGR 4143/5195 Electrical Machinery Fall 2009
Problem 1: Using DC Mchine University o North Crolin-Chrlotte Deprtment o Electricl nd Computer Engineering ECGR 4143/5195 Electricl Mchinery Fll 2009 Problem Set 4 Due: Thursdy October 8 Suggested Reding:
More informationAlternating-Current Circuits
chpter 33 Alternting-Current Circuits 33.1 AC Sources 33.2 esistors in n AC Circuit 33.3 Inductors in n AC Circuit 33.4 Cpcitors in n AC Circuit 33.5 The LC Series Circuit 33.6 Power in n AC Circuit 33.7
More informationArea-Time Efficient Digit-Serial-Serial Two s Complement Multiplier
Are-Time Efficient Digit-Seril-Seril Two s Complement Multiplier Essm Elsyed nd Htem M. El-Boghddi Computer Engineering Deprtment, Ciro University, Egypt Astrct - Multipliction is n importnt primitive
More informationPerformance Monitoring Fundamentals: Demystifying Performance Assessment Techniques
Simplifying PID Control. Optimizing Plnt Performnce. Performnce Monitoring Fundmentls: Demystifying Performnce Assessment Techniques Roert C. Rice, PhD Rchelle R. Jyringi Dougls J. Cooper, PhD Control
More informationMOS Transistors. Silicon Lattice
rin n Width W chnnel p-type (doped) sustrte MO Trnsistors n Gte Length L O 2 (insultor) ource Conductor (poly) rin rin Gte nmo trnsistor Gte ource pmo trnsistor licon sustrte doped with impurities dding
More informationProceedings of Meetings on Acoustics
Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 2013 http://cousticlsociety.org/ ICA 2013 Montrel Montrel, Cnd 2-7 June 2013 Signl Processing in Acoustics Session 4SP: Sensor Arry Bemforming nd Its Applictions
More informationModule 9. DC Machines. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur
Module 9 DC Mchines Version EE IIT, Khrgpur esson 40 osses, Efficiency nd Testing of D.C. Mchines Version EE IIT, Khrgpur Contents 40 osses, efficiency nd testing of D.C. mchines (esson-40) 4 40.1 Gols
More informationDiscontinued AN6262N, AN6263N. (planed maintenance type, maintenance type, planed discontinued typed, discontinued type)
ICs for Cssette, Cssette Deck ANN, ANN Puse Detection s of Rdio Cssette, Cssette Deck Overview The ANN nd the ANN re the puse detection integrted circuits which select the progrm on the cssette tpe. In
More informationThe Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:
Exercise 4 Bttery Chrging Methods EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you hve completed this exercise, you will be fmilir with the different chrging methods nd chrge-control techniques commonly used when chrging Ni-MI
More informationSynchronous Generator Line Synchronization
Synchronous Genertor Line Synchroniztion 1 Synchronous Genertor Line Synchroniztion Introduction One issue in power genertion is synchronous genertor strting. Typiclly, synchronous genertor is connected
More informationEET 438a Automatic Control Systems Technology Laboratory 5 Control of a Separately Excited DC Machine
EE 438 Automtic Control Systems echnology bortory 5 Control of Seprtely Excited DC Mchine Objective: Apply proportionl controller to n electromechnicl system nd observe the effects tht feedbck control
More information5 I. T cu2. T use in modem computing systems, it is desirable to. A Comparison of Half-Bridge Resonant Converter Topologies
74 EEE TRANSACTONS ON POER ELECTRONCS, VOL. 3, NO. 2, APRL 988 A Comprison of Hlf-Bridge Resonnt Converter Topologies Abstrct-The hlf-bridge series-resonnt, prllel-resonnt, nd combintion series-prllel
More informationDigital Design. Sequential Logic Design -- Controllers. Copyright 2007 Frank Vahid
Digitl Design Sequentil Logic Design -- Controllers Slides to ccompny the tetook Digitl Design, First Edition, y, John Wiley nd Sons Pulishers, 27. http://www.ddvhid.com Copyright 27 Instructors of courses
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 89 (2014 )
Aville online t www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedi Engineering 89 (2014 ) 411 417 16th Conference on Wter Distriution System Anlysis, WDSA 2014 A New Indictor for Rel-Time Lek Detection in Wter
More informationEE Controls Lab #2: Implementing State-Transition Logic on a PLC
Objective: EE 44 - Controls Lb #2: Implementing Stte-rnsition Logic on PLC ssuming tht speed is not of essence, PLC's cn be used to implement stte trnsition logic. he dvntge of using PLC over using hrdwre
More informationCS2204 DIGITAL LOGIC & STATE MACHINE DESIGN SPRING 2005
CS2204 DIGITAL LOGIC & STATE MACHINE DESIGN SPRING 2005 EXPERIMENT 1 FUNDAMENTALS 1. GOALS : Lern how to develop cr lrm digitl circuit during which the following re introduced : CS2204 l fundmentls, nd
More information10.4 AREAS AND LENGTHS IN POLAR COORDINATES
65 CHAPTER PARAMETRIC EQUATINS AND PLAR CRDINATES.4 AREAS AND LENGTHS IN PLAR CRDINATES In this section we develop the formul for the re of region whose oundry is given y polr eqution. We need to use the
More informationThis is a repository copy of Effect of power state on absorption cross section of personal computer components.
This is repository copy of Effect of power stte on bsorption cross section of personl computer components. White Rose Reserch Online URL for this pper: http://eprints.whiterose.c.uk/10547/ Version: Accepted
More informationThree-Phase Synchronous Machines The synchronous machine can be used to operate as: 1. Synchronous motors 2. Synchronous generators (Alternator)
Three-Phse Synchronous Mchines The synchronous mchine cn be used to operte s: 1. Synchronous motors 2. Synchronous genertors (Alterntor) Synchronous genertor is lso referred to s lterntor since it genertes
More informationA Novel Back EMF Zero Crossing Detection of Brushless DC Motor Based on PWM
A ovel Bck EMF Zero Crossing Detection of Brushless DC Motor Bsed on PWM Zhu Bo-peng Wei Hi-feng School of Electricl nd Informtion, Jingsu niversity of Science nd Technology, Zhenjing 1003 Chin) Abstrct:
More informationImplementation of Different Architectures of Forward 4x4 Integer DCT For H.264/AVC Encoder
Implementtion of Different Architectures of Forwrd 4x4 Integer DCT For H.64/AVC Encoder Bunji Antoinette Ringnyu, Ali Tngel, Emre Krulut 3 Koceli University, Institute of Science nd Technology, Koceli,
More informationAlgebra Practice. Dr. Barbara Sandall, Ed.D., and Travis Olson, M.S.
By Dr. Brr Sndll, Ed.D., Dr. Melfried Olson, Ed.D., nd Trvis Olson, M.S. COPYRIGHT 2006 Mrk Twin Medi, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58037-754-6 Printing No. 404042-EB Mrk Twin Medi, Inc., Pulishers Distriuted y Crson-Dellos
More informationSOLVING TRIANGLES USING THE SINE AND COSINE RULES
Mthemtics Revision Guides - Solving Generl Tringles - Sine nd Cosine Rules Pge 1 of 17 M.K. HOME TUITION Mthemtics Revision Guides Level: GCSE Higher Tier SOLVING TRIANGLES USING THE SINE AND COSINE RULES
More informationOpen Access A Novel Parallel Current-sharing Control Method of Switch Power Supply
Send Orders for Reprints to reprints@enthmscience.e 170 The Open Electricl & Electronic Engineering Journl, 2014, 8, 170-177 Open Access A Novel Prllel Current-shring Control Method of Switch Power Supply
More informationExperiment 3: The research of Thevenin theorem
Experiment 3: The reserch of Thevenin theorem 1. Purpose ) Vlidte Thevenin theorem; ) Mster the methods to mesure the equivlent prmeters of liner twoterminl ctive. c) Study the conditions of the mximum
More informationLogic Design of Elementary Functional Operators in Quaternary Algebra
Interntionl Journl of Computer Theory nd Engineering, Vol. 8, No. 3, June 206 Logic Design of Elementry unctionl Opertors in Quternry Alger Asif iyz, Srh Nhr Chowdhury, nd Khndkr Mohmmd Ishtik Astrct Multivlued
More informationOn the Description of Communications Between Software Components with UML
On the Description of Communictions Between Softwre Components with UML Zhiwei An Dennis Peters Fculty of Engineering nd Applied Science Memoril University of Newfoundlnd St. John s NL A1B 3X5 zhiwei@engr.mun.c
More informationStudy on SLT calibration method of 2-port waveguide DUT
Interntionl Conference on Advnced Electronic cience nd Technology (AET 206) tudy on LT clibrtion method of 2-port wveguide DUT Wenqing Luo, Anyong Hu, Ki Liu nd Xi Chen chool of Electronics nd Informtion
More informationSection 2.2 PWM converter driven DC motor drives
Section 2.2 PWM converter driven DC motor drives 2.2.1 Introduction Controlled power supply for electric drives re obtined mostly by converting the mins AC supply. Power electronic converter circuits employing
More informationExample. Check that the Jacobian of the transformation to spherical coordinates is
lss, given on Feb 3, 2, for Mth 3, Winter 2 Recll tht the fctor which ppers in chnge of vrible formul when integrting is the Jcobin, which is the determinnt of mtrix of first order prtil derivtives. Exmple.
More informationElectronic Circuits I - Tutorial 03 Diode Applications I
Electronic Circuits I - Tutoril 03 Diode Applictions I -1 / 9 - T & F # Question 1 A diode cn conduct current in two directions with equl ese. F 2 When reverse-bised, diode idelly ppers s short. F 3 A
More informationThe Design and Verification of A High-Performance Low-Control-Overhead Asynchronous Differential Equation Solver
he Design nd Verifiction of A High-Performnce Low-Control-Overhed Asynchronous Differentil Eqution Solver Kenneth Y. Yun, Memer, IEEE, Peter A. Beerel, Memer, IEEE, Vid Vkilotojr, Student Memer, IEEE,
More informationExercise 1-1. The Sine Wave EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE. Relationship between a rotating phasor and a sine wave DISCUSSION
Exercise 1-1 The Sine Wve EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you hve completed this exercise, you will be fmilir with the notion of sine wve nd how it cn be expressed s phsor rotting round the center of circle. You
More informationTo provide data transmission in indoor
Hittite Journl of Science nd Engineering, 2018, 5 (1) 25-29 ISSN NUMBER: 2148-4171 DOI: 10.17350/HJSE19030000074 A New Demodultor For Inverse Pulse Position Modultion Technique Mehmet Sönmez Osmniye Korkut
More informationECE 274 Digital Logic. Digital Design. Datapath Components Shifters, Comparators, Counters, Multipliers Digital Design
ECE 27 Digitl Logic Shifters, Comprtors, Counters, Multipliers Digitl Design..7 Digitl Design Chpter : Slides to ccompny the textbook Digitl Design, First Edition, by Frnk Vhid, John Wiley nd Sons Publishers,
More informationCompared to generators DC MOTORS. Back e.m.f. Back e.m.f. Example. Example. The construction of a d.c. motor is the same as a d.c. generator.
Compred to genertors DC MOTORS Prepred by Engr. JP Timol Reference: Electricl nd Electronic Principles nd Technology The construction of d.c. motor is the sme s d.c. genertor. the generted e.m.f. is less
More informationAlgorithms for Memory Hierarchies Lecture 14
Algorithms for emory Hierrchies Lecture 4 Lecturer: Nodri Sitchinv Scribe: ichel Hmnn Prllelism nd Cche Obliviousness The combintion of prllelism nd cche obliviousness is n ongoing topic of reserch, in
More informationApplication Note. Differential Amplifier
Appliction Note AN367 Differentil Amplifier Author: Dve n Ess Associted Project: Yes Associted Prt Fmily: CY8C9x66, CY8C7x43, CY8C4x3A PSoC Designer ersion: 4. SP3 Abstrct For mny sensing pplictions, desirble
More informationDP4T RF CMOS Switch: A Better Option to Replace the SPDT Switch and DPDT Switch
Send Orders of Reprints t reprints@enthmscience.org 244 Recent Ptents on Electricl & Electronic Engineering 2012, 5, 244-248 DP4T RF CMOS Switch: A Better Option to Replce the SPDT Switch nd DPDT Switch
More informationLecture 16: Four Quadrant operation of DC Drive (or) TYPE E Four Quadrant chopper Fed Drive: Operation
Lecture 16: Four Qudrnt opertion of DC Drive (or) TYPE E Four Qudrnt chopper Fed Drive: Opertion The rmture current I is either positive or negtive (flow in to or wy from rmture) the rmture voltge is lso
More informationSimulation of Transformer Based Z-Source Inverter to Obtain High Voltage Boost Ability
Interntionl Journl of cience, Engineering nd Technology Reserch (IJETR), olume 4, Issue 1, October 15 imultion of Trnsformer Bsed Z-ource Inverter to Obtin High oltge Boost Ability A.hnmugpriy 1, M.Ishwry
More informationHigh Speed On-Chip Interconnects: Trade offs in Passive Termination
High Speed On-Chip Interconnects: Trde offs in Pssive Termintion Rj Prihr University of Rochester, NY, USA prihr@ece.rochester.edu Abstrct In this pper, severl pssive termintion schemes for high speed
More informationD I G I TA L C A M E R A S PA RT 4
Digitl Cmer Technologies for Scientific Bio-Imging. Prt 4: Signl-to-Noise Rtio nd Imge Comprison of Cmers Yshvinder Shrwl, Solexis Advisors LLC, Austin, TX, USA B I O G R A P H Y Yshvinder Shrwl hs BS
More informationUse of compiler optimization of software bypassing as a method to improve energy efficiency of exposed data path architectures
Guzm et l. EURASIP Journl on Emedded Systems 213, 213:9 RESEARCH Open Access Use of compiler optimiztion of softwre ypssing s method to improve energy efficiency of exposed dt pth rchitectures Vldimír
More informationInterference Cancellation Method without Feedback Amount for Three Users Interference Channel
Open Access Librry Journl 07, Volume, e57 ISSN Online: -97 ISSN Print: -9705 Interference Cncelltion Method without Feedbc Amount for Three Users Interference Chnnel Xini Tin, otin Zhng, Wenie Ji School
More informationA Practical DPA Countermeasure with BDD Architecture
A Prcticl DPA Countermesure with BDD Architecture Toru Akishit, Msnou Ktgi, Yoshikzu Miyto, Asmi Mizuno, nd Kyoji Shiutni System Technologies Lortories, Sony Corportion, -7- Konn, Minto-ku, Tokyo 8-75,
More informationTiming Macro-modeling of IP Blocks with Crosstalk
Timing Mcro-modeling of IP Blocks with Crosstlk Ruiming Chen nd Hi Zhou Electricl nd Computer Engineering Northwestern Universit Evnston, IL 60208 Astrct With the increse of design compleities nd the decrese
More informationINSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigal, Hyderabad
Hll Ticket No Question Pper Code: AEC009 INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (Autonomous) Dundigl, Hyderd - 500 043 MODEL QUESTION PAPER Four Yer B.Tech V Semester End Exmintions, Novemer - 2018 Regultions:
More informationCS 135: Computer Architecture I. Boolean Algebra. Basic Logic Gates
Bsic Logic Gtes : Computer Architecture I Boolen Algebr Instructor: Prof. Bhgi Nrhri Dept. of Computer Science Course URL: www.ses.gwu.edu/~bhgiweb/cs35/ Digitl Logic Circuits We sw how we cn build the
More informationSection Thyristor converter driven DC motor drive
Section.3 - Thyristor converter driven DC motor drive.3.1 Introduction Controllble AC-DC converters using thyristors re perhps the most efficient nd most robust power converters for use in DC motor drives.
More informationChapter 2 Literature Review
Chpter 2 Literture Review 2.1 ADDER TOPOLOGIES Mny different dder rchitectures hve een proposed for inry ddition since 1950 s to improve vrious spects of speed, re nd power. Ripple Crry Adder hve the simplest
More informationS1 Only VEOG HEOG. S2 Only. S1 and S2. Computer. Subject. Computer
The Eects of Eye Trcking in VR Helmet on EEG Recordings Jessic D. Byliss nd Dn H. Bllrd The University of Rochester Computer Science Deprtment Rochester, New York 14627 Technicl Report 685 My 1998 Astrct
More informationA New Algorithm to Compute Alternate Paths in Reliable OSPF (ROSPF)
A New Algorithm to Compute Alternte Pths in Relile OSPF (ROSPF) Jin Pu *, Eric Mnning, Gholmli C. Shoj, Annd Srinivsn ** PANDA Group, Computer Science Deprtment University of Victori Victori, BC, Cnd Astrct
More informationEliminating Non-Determinism During Test of High-Speed Source Synchronous Differential Buses
Eliminting Non-Determinism During of High-Speed Source Synchronous Differentil Buses Abstrct The t-speed functionl testing of deep sub-micron devices equipped with high-speed I/O ports nd the synchronous
More informationPostprint. This is the accepted version of a paper presented at IEEE PES General Meeting.
http://www.div-portl.org Postprint This is the ccepted version of pper presented t IEEE PES Generl Meeting. Cittion for the originl published pper: Mhmood, F., Hooshyr, H., Vnfretti, L. (217) Sensitivity
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:.38/nture14441 1. Mteril nd device stck optimiztion Lower electroforming voltges reduce the electricl stress s well s current overshoot during the forming, which is known risk fctor contriuting to
More informationThroughput of Wireless Relay Networks with Interference Processing
NCC 2009, Jnury 16-18, IIT Guwhti 170 Throughput of Wireless Rely Networks with Interference Processing M. Bm, rikrishn Bhshym nd Andrew Thngrj, eprtment of Electricl Engineering, Indin Institute of Technology,
More informationDesign And Implementation Of Luo Converter For Electric Vehicle Applications
Design And Implementtion Of Luo Converter For Electric Vehicle Applictions A.Mnikndn #1, N.Vdivel #2 ME (Power Electronics nd Drives) Deprtment of Electricl nd Electronics Engineering Sri Shkthi Institute
More informationY9.ET1.3 Implementation of Secure Energy Management against Cyber/physical Attacks for FREEDM System
Y9.ET1.3 Implementtion of Secure Energy ngement ginst Cyber/physicl Attcks for FREED System Project Leder: Fculty: Students: Dr. Bruce cillin Dr. o-yuen Chow Jie Dun 1. Project Gols Develop resilient cyber-physicl
More informationPRACTICE NO. PT-TE-1414 RELIABILITY PAGE 1 OF 6 PRACTICES ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) TEST PRACTICES
PREFERRED PRACTICE NO. PT-TE-1414 RELIABILITY PAGE 1 OF 6 ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE (ESD) TEST Prctice: Test stellites for the ility to survive the effects of electrosttic dischrges (ESDs) cused y spce chrging
More informationLab 8. Speed Control of a D.C. motor. The Motor Drive
Lb 8. Speed Control of D.C. motor The Motor Drive Motor Speed Control Project 1. Generte PWM wveform 2. Amplify the wveform to drive the motor 3. Mesure motor speed 4. Mesure motor prmeters 5. Control
More informationStage m. Stage 1. a a. a a
Low Power Optimiztion Technique or BDD Mpped Finite tte Mchines Mikel Kerttu Per Lindgren Rol Drechsler Mitch Thornton Λ EILAB/Computer Engineering Computer cience Electricl nd Computer Engineering Luleν
More informationSubword Permutation Instructions for Two-Dimensional Multimedia Processing in MicroSIMD Architectures
Suword Permuttion Instructions for Two-Dimensionl Multimedi Processing in MicroSIMD rchitectures Ruy. Lee Princeton University rlee@ee.princeton.edu strct MicroSIMD rchitectures incorporting suword prllelism
More informationSoftware for the automatic scaling of critical frequency f 0 F2 and MUF(3000)F2 from ionograms applied at the Ionospheric Observatory of Gibilmanna
ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, VOL. 47, N. 6, Decemer 2004 Softwre for the utomtic scling of criticl frequency f 0 F2 nd MUF(3000)F2 from ionogrms pplied t the Ionospheric Oservtory of Giilmnn Michel Pezzopne nd
More informationAsynchronous Data-Driven Circuit Synthesis
Asynchronous Dt-Driven Circuit Synthesis Sm Tylor, Doug Edwrds, Luis A Pln, Senior Memer, IEEE nd Luis A. Trzon D., Student Memer, IEEE Astrct A method is descried for synthesising synchronous circuits
More informationDesign and Development of 8-Bits Fast Multiplier for Low Power Applications
IACSIT Interntionl Journl of Engineering nd Technology, Vol. 4, No. 6, Decemer 22 Design nd Development of 8-Bits Fst Multiplier for Low Power Applictions Vsudev G. nd Rjendr Hegdi, Memer, IACSIT proportionl
More informationSpecifying Data-Flow Requirements for the Automated Composition of Web Services
Specifying Dt-Flow Requirements for the Automted Composition of We Services Annpol Mrconi ITC-Irst - Trento - Itly mrconi@itc.it Mrco Pistore University of Trento - Itly pistore@dit.unitn.it Polo Trverso
More informationLecture 20. Intro to line integrals. Dan Nichols MATH 233, Spring 2018 University of Massachusetts.
Lecture 2 Intro to line integrls Dn Nichols nichols@mth.umss.edu MATH 233, Spring 218 University of Msschusetts April 12, 218 (2) onservtive vector fields We wnt to determine if F P (x, y), Q(x, y) is
More informationInvestigation of Ground Frequency Characteristics
Journl of Electromgnetic Anlysis nd Applictions, 03, 5, 3-37 http://dx.doi.org/0.436/jem.03.58050 Published Online August 03 (http://www.scirp.org/journl/jem) Mohmed Nyel Electricl Engineering Deprtment,
More information