New split-winding doubly salient permanent magnet motor drive

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1 Title New split-winding doubly salient pemanent magnet moto dive Autho(s) Cheng, M; Chau, KT; Chan, CC Citation Ieee Tansactions On Aeospace And Electonic Systems, 2003, v. 39 n. 1, p Issued Date 2003 URL Rights This wok is licensed unde a Ceative Commons Attibution- NonCommecial-NoDeivatives 4.0 Intenational License.; 2003 IEEE. Pesonal use of this mateial is pemitted. Howeve, pemission to epint/epublish this mateial fo advetising o pomotional puposes o fo ceating new collective woks fo esale o edistibution to seves o lists, o to euse any copyighted component of this wok in othe woks must be obtained fom the IEEE.

2 I. INTRODUCTION New Split-Winding Doubly Salient Pemanent Magnet Moto Dive MING CHENG, Senio Membe, IEEE K. T. CHAU, Membe IEEE C. C. CHAN, Fellow, IEEE The Univesity of Hong Kong A new split-winding doubly salient pemanent magnet (DSPM) moto dive is poposed. This DSPM moto dive offes the advantages of high powe density, high efficiency, and wide speed ange. The coesponding opeation, analysis, implementation, and expeimentation ae successively pesented. Finally, expeimental esults ae used to confim that the poposed DSPM moto dive offes high efficiency ove a wide output powe ange, exhibits good dynamic pefomance, and extends the constant-powe opeation ange significantly. Manuscipt eceived Novembe 7, 2001; evised Septembe 24, 2002; eleased fo publication Octobe 10, IEEE Log No. T-AES/39/1/ Refeeeing of this contibution was handled by I. Bataseh. This wok was suppoted in pat by a gant fom the RGC Poject HKU 7035/01E, Hong Kong, China, and a gant fom the NSFC Poject , China. Authos cuent addesses: M. Cheng, Dept. of Electical Engineeing, Southeast Univesity, Nanjing , China; K. T. Chau, Dept. of Electical and Electonic Engineeing, The Univesity of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, (ktchau@eee.hku.hk) /03/$17.00 c 2003 IEEE It has been a long-lived objective to develop an advanced moto dive that combines the advantages of the dc moto dive of good speed contollability as well as the ac moto dive of high eliability, obustness, and maintenance fee fo aeospace and electic vehicle (EV) applications [1, 2]. With the apid development of powe electonics and micoelectonics technologies, the advancement of contol, and the advent of new mateials, many advanced moto dives with impoved efficiency using pemanent magnets in the moto have been developed [2, 3]. One of those high efficiency advanced motos is the newly poposed doubly salient pemanent magnet (DSPM) moto [4]. The ecent liteatue has shown that the DSPM moto is of high efficiency, high powe density, and simple stuctue [4 9]. In [7], an 8/6-pole DSPM moto was poposed. Its advantages ove a 6/4-pole one, namely highe powe density, wide speed ange, less toque ipple and lowe cuent magnitude, wee also evealed. Howeve, simila to most pemanent magnetic (PM) bushless motos, this DSPM moto suffeed fom a limited constant powe opeation ange due to the fact that the field contol capability of PM excitation was much moe difficult to achieve than that of wound field excitation. Thus, a topology to extend the constant-powe opeation ange of the DSPM moto, namely the split-winding configuation, was poposed in [8]. The featues of this split-winding topology as compaed with the flux weakening techniques wee also discussed. Then, the design and analysis of this DSPM moto wee pesented in [9]. The coesponding output powe equation was analytically deived. The initial sizing of moto dimensions and paametes, namely the coe diamete, stack length, PM size, and winding tuns, wee paticulaly discussed. Moeove, finite element analysis of this moto, taking into account the leakage flux outside the stato cicumfeence, was pesented. The pupose of this wok is to popose and implement a new 4-phase 8/6-pole split-winding DSPM moto dive, which not only offes the advantages of high efficiency, high powe density, and high eliability but also the capability to achieve constant-powe opeation at high speeds. In Section II, the opeating pinciple of the poposed 4-phase 8/6-pole DSPM moto is descibed. Then, the coesponding theoetical analysis is given in Section III. Section IV is devoted to pesenting the poposed contol stategy. The method of detection fo the oto position and moto speed is specifically discussed in Section V, while the whole system implementation is discussed in Section VI. To veify the system pefomance, simulation and expeimental esults 202 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL. 39, NO. 1 JANUARY 2003

3 Fig. 2. Theoetical flux and cuent wavefoms. Fig. 1. Poposed DSPM moto dive. (a) Moto configuation. (b) System aangement. ae pesented in Section VII. Finally, a conclusion is dawn in Section VIII. Fig. 3. Static chaacteistics by FEM. (a) PM flux linkage. (b) Inductance. II. OPERATING PRINCIPLE Fig. 1(a) shows the coss section of the newly poposed DSPM moto and Fig. 1(b) illustates the aangement of the moto dive system. It is a 4-phase 8/6-pole DSPM moto, and essentially adopts the same stuctue as a switched eluctance (SR) moto but with PMs placed in the stato. Thee ae neithe PMs no windings in the oto. Obviously, the machine is of simple stuctue and fee of maintenance, and is capable of woking at high speeds. In addition, since the stato windings ae of the concentated type, the ovehanging pat of the coil is shot, esulting in the saving of coppe as well as the eduction of coppe loss. Paticulaly, the placement of both PMs and windings in the stato is favoable to machine cooling that is desiable fo the aeospace and EV applications whee the ambient tempeatue of the machine may be high. Unde the assumptions that the finging offset is negligible and the pemeability of the coe is infinite, a linea vaiation of PM flux linkage is established in the stato windings at no-load. The coesponding theoetical wavefoms of PM flux and phase cuent ae shown in Fig. 2. When the PM flux linkage inceases with the oto position angle, a positive cuent is applied to the phase winding, esulting in a positive toque. When the PM flux linkage deceases, a negative cuent is applied to the phase winding, also esulting in a positive toque. This featue in toque poduction distinguishes the DSPM moto fom the SR moto. III. THEORETICAL ANALYSIS A. Electomagnetic-Field Analysis The magnetic field of the poposed DSPM moto can eadily be analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). Hence, the PM flux linkage and the phase inductance can be deduced. Without elaboating the well-known FEM, Fig. 3 shows the PM flux linkage and the phase inductance as a function of the oto position using the FEM. In Fig. 3(a), ± is the oto skewing angle in mechanical degee, wheeas in Fig. 3(b), PM + 2A and PM 2A denote the stengthening and weakening actions of the amatue flux at a cuent of 2 A to the PM flux, espectively. Obviously, the phase inductance depends on not only the oto position, but also the stengthening/weakening action of the amatue flux to the PM flux. Moeove, the no-load back EMF can be easily deived by diffeentiating the PM flux linkage [9]. CHENG ET AL.: NEW SPLIT-WINDING DOUBLY SALIENT PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR DRIVE 203

4 B. Mathematical Equations The applied voltages at the teminal of the DSPM moto can be descibed as d ª Ū = RĪ + (1) dt whee Ū =[u 1,u 2,u 3,u 4 ]T is the voltage matix, R = diag[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ] the esistance matix, Ī =[i 1,i 2,i 3,i 4 ]T the cuent matix, ª = LĪ + ª m the flux linkage matix, and ª m the PM flux linkage vecto. Also, L and ª m can be witten as L =[L ij ], (i =1» 4, j = 1» 4) and ª m =[à m1,ã m2,ã m3,ã m4 ] T. When both of them ae consideed to be spatially dependent only and independent of the stato cuent, it yields d ª dt dī = L dt + d L dt Ī + d ª m dt = L dī dt + d L Ī + d ª m (2) whee is the mechanical angula velocity of the moto, and µ is the mechanical oto position angle defined as the angle between the cental lines of stato pole and oto slot. Thus, by using (2), the dynamic equation given by (1) can be ewitten as à dī 1 = L R + d L à dt Ī + L 1 Ū d ª m : (3) By employing the coenegy method, the toque equation of the moto is obtained as T e µ 1 Ī 2 + ª mī T = 1 µ Ī T L Ī + ªm Ī = T + pm (4) whee T e is the total electomagnetic toque, T = 1 2ĪT ((@=@µ ) L)Ī epesents the eluctance toque component due to the vaiation of inductances, and T pm =((@=@µ ) ª m ) TĪ is the PM toque component due to the inteaction between the winding cuent and the PM flux. Having deived the electomagnetic toque, the motion equation of the DSPM moto can be expessed as d dt = 1 J (T e T l B v ) (5) whee T l is the load toque, B v the viscous-damping coefficient, and J the moment of the inetia. By making use of (1) (5), the behavio of the DSPM moto can be detemined. By neglecting the mutual inductances of the moto, (3) can be decoupled among phases and is given by di dt = 1 L µ + dl i + 1 L µ U dã m (6) whee, L, andu ae the esistance, self-inductance, and applied voltage of each phase winding, espectively. Taking L as its aveage value in one stoke, the analytical solution of (6) can thus be obtained as i = µ U dã m µ + dl ½ 1 exp 1 µ + dl ¾Á L t : (7) Hence, the steady-state phase cuent is given by µ I = U dã Áµ m + dl : (8) Accoding to the opeating pinciple of the DSPM moto, a positive cuent should be applied to the phase winding when the coesponding flux linkage is inceasing, and vice vesa. To keep a positive cuent at the fist stoke and a negative cuent at the second stoke, the following condition is necessay: juj dã m 0: (9) It illustates that fo a given supply voltage, thee is a speed limit max as epesented by dã max = m jujá dµ : (10) The coesponding dã m = can be appoximately expessed as dã m = kn dµ ph B g (11) whee k is a constant govened by the machine dimensions, N ph is the numbe of winding tuns pe phase, and B g is flux density in the aigap. Thus, (10) can be deduced as max = juj (12) kn ph B g which indicates that the speed limit can be extended by educing the numbe of winding tuns pe phase. This pinciple is suitable to all PM bushless motos in theoy, but not pactical fo those conventional ones, such as PM synchonous motos, because they adopt the distibuted windings and the coesponding change of winding tuns is vey difficult. Howeve, the DSPM moto inheently adopts the concentated winding which can allow changing the numbe of winding tuns by employing split windings. Fig. 4 shows the schematic connection of the poposed split windings. When the switch K 1 is on, the whole windings ae functional, wheeas the switch K 2 can be tuned on so that the winding tuns pe phase ae educed to 50%. These switches may be manually o electonically opeated accoding to the equiements 204 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL. 39, NO. 1 JANUARY 2003

5 Fig. 4. Schematic connection of split windings. Fig. 6. Contol block diagam. Fig. 5. Typical cuent wavefoms. (a) CCC mode. (b) APC mode. of application and cost. In the following expeiment, manual opeation is adopted fo the sake of simplicity. IV. CONTROL STRATEGY The contol stategy of the DSPM moto dive consists of two schemes, namely chopping cuent contol (CCC) and angle position contol (APC), espectively fo constant-toque opeation at speeds below the base speed and constant-powe opeation at speeds equal to o above the base speed. As illustated in Fig. 2, the opeating angles, namely µ on +, µ+ off, µ on, and µ off, ae those contol vaiables to shape the phase cuent. Fig. 5 shows the typical cuent wavefoms at the CCC and APC modes, espectively. Duing the low-speed CCC mode, the phase cuent is kept constant in each stoke by cuent chopping. The contol angles ae fixed, while the toque contol is achieved by changing the cuent efeence. Duing the high-speed APC mode, the phase cuent can no longe be maintained constant because of the excessive PM-induced electomotive foce (EMF). In the positive stoke, the phase cuent initially ises vey fast and then slows down with the incease in inductance. Notice that the cuent may not be able to each its steady-state value befoe the winding is switched off at the oto position angle µ off +. Then, the cuent falls slowly to zeo due to the occuence of high inductance. In the negative stoke, howeve, the cuent ises apidly to its steady-state value. Once the winding is switched off at µ off, the cuent goes to zeo vey fast due to the occuence of low inductance. Thus, in the APC mode, the cuent efeence is kept constant at a high level, and the toque contol can be achieved by changing the contol angles. To pevent the contol mode fom oscillating between CCC and APC aound the base speed n b, a hysteesis is delibeately intoduced into the contolle. Namely, when the speed is inceasing, the APC mode is set at the speed of n b + n, wheeas the CCC mode is set at the speed of n b n when the speed is deceasing. Moeove, because of the natue of cuent contol, the pefomance will not be significantly affected by the dc bus voltage vaiation. The speed is contolled by a digital popotionalintegal (PI) egulato whose output is the toque efeence T e. The contol angles, namely µ+ on, µ+ off, µ on, and µ off, and the cuent efeence I ae detemined fom the toque efeence by using the afoementioned contol stategy. Fig. 6 shows the contol block diagam. On top of PI contol, othe sophisticated contol techniques such as neuo-fuzzy contol o sliding-mode contol can eadily be incopoated to handle the paamete vaiation and system nonlineaities. V. DETECTION OF ROTOR POSITION AND SPEED In accodance with the opeating pinciple of the DSPM moto, the phase winding should be tuned on o off at the specific oto positions. Hence, the oto position infomation is indispensable fo pope opeation of the DSPM moto. Fo the moto dive system developed hee, the oto positions ae supplied by a position senso which is composed of a 6-slot disc mounted to the oto shaft and two opto-couples attached on the stato housing as shown in Fig. 7(a). The opto-couples ae located 45 ± apat fom each othe along the cicumfeence of the disc. Typical output wavefoms of the senso ae shown in Fig. 7(b). When the opto-couple S p is located at the CHENG ET AL.: NEW SPLIT-WINDING DOUBLY SALIENT PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR DRIVE 205

6 TABLE I Contol Logic Signal states: S q S p Phase A S S Phase B S S Phase C S S Phase D S S Fig. 7. Position senso and its output signals. (a) Senso location. (b) Position signals and PM flux linkages. cental line of phase A, thee is a fixed elationship between the position signals and the PM flux linkages. As shown in Fig. 7(b), the senso geneates a signal edge fo each mechanical otation of 15 ±.Hence, the tansition of the output signal can povide the infomation of oto positions. On the othe hand, at each edge, the speed of the moto can eadily be calculated by ˆn = 60 t = f clk 0:4N (13) whee ˆn is the estimated speed in /min, the distance between edges in evolution, t the time between edges, N the numbe of clock counts between edges, and f clk the time-1 fequency. Since the maximum count eo is unity, the highe the N (coesponding to a lowe speed), the moe accuate the estimated speed is esulted. Fo the micocontolle of 80C196KD, the f clk is 1.25 MHz and the maximum count numbe of a 16-bit opeand is 2 16 = 65536, hence the minimum measuable speed is about 48 /min. Theefoe, the lowest speed in the developed DSPM moto dive based on the 80C196KD is about 50 /min. VI. IMPLEMENTATION As a supply to the DSPM moto, the bipola convete is pefeed so as to bing the meit of the DSPM moto into full play. To contol the phase cuents individually, thee ae basically two convete topologies possible fo bidiectional opeation of the DSPM moto, namely the full-bidge convete and the half-bidge convete with split capacitos. The latte is usually selected fo the DSPM dive system, as shown in Fig. 1(b), because it uses the minimum numbe of powe devices. Fo conventional 3-phase DSPM motos, the connection between the cente-point of the split capacitos and the neutal of the moto, as shown by the dotted line in Fig. 1(b), is necessay to accommodate the cuent flow duing the commutation peiod [4, 5]. In this convete topology, howeve, voltage asymmety between the two split capacitos often occus due to the asymmetical inductances fo positive and negative cuents. As a esult, diffeent voltages ae supplied to the uppe and lowe bidge legs, hence degading the dive pefomance, inceasing the toque ipple, and even damaging the capacitos. Theefoe, an auxiliay cicuity is usually adopted to keep the voltage at the cente-point of the capacitos constant [5, 10], which makes the contol system moe complicated. Fo the poposed 4-phase 8/6-pole DSPM moto, the contol logic can be obtained as given in Table I, accoding to the elationship between the PM flux and the position signal shown in Fig. 7(b). It can be found that at any time instant, the powe switches in the uppe leg and the lowe leg of the convete conduct in pais (phase A pais off with phase C, and phase B pais off with phase D). Hence, it aises the possibility of emoving the connection between the cente-point of the split capacitos and the neutal of the moto without causing advese influence on the pefomance of the moto dive. As a consequence, the poblem of voltage unbalance in the split capacitos is eliminated and the contol system is thus simplified. The hadwae of the contol system is implemented by an Intel 80C196KD 16-bit single-chip micocontolle. It eceives the position signals fom the oto position senso, and then calculates the moto speed and the fiing angles of the convete. The micocontolle also poduces the cuent efeences 206 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL. 39, NO. 1 JANUARY 2003

7 TABLE II Moto Paametes Rated powe 750 W Rated phase voltage 200 V Rated speed 1500 /min No. of phases 4 No. of stato poles 8 No. of oto poles 6 Stato inne diamete 75 mm Stack length 75 mm Aigap length 0.45 mm Winding tuns pe phase 220 Magnet mateial Nd Fe B TABLE III Ratings of DC Dynamomete Powe Voltage Cuent Speed 2.3 kw 230 V 10 A 1500 /min to dive the 8 insulated gate bipola tansisto (IGBT) powe devices. The phase cuent is measued by a Hall-effect cuent senso, and is fed to a hysteesis cuent contolle via an absolute amplifie. Fig. 8. No-load back EMF wavefoms at speed of 1500 /min. (a) Simulated. (b) Measued. VII. RESULTS An expeimental DSPM moto dive has been built fo veification. The coesponding moto paametes ae listed in Table II. A dc dynamomete is used as the load of the DSPM moto dive, and its atings ae given in Table III. Both the input powe and ms cuent of the DSPM moto ae measued by a digital powe analyze. Moeove, unde the same paametes and opeating conditions, compute simulation wavefoms ae also geneated to veify the expeimental wavefoms. Befoe the expeimental machine opeating nomally as a moto, it fist opeates as a geneato. When it is diven by the dynamomete at 1500 /min, the simulated and measued no-load back EMF wavefoms ae shown in Fig. 8. As expected, the ageement between these wavefoms is good. When the moto dive uns below the base speed, the CCC mode is adopted fo constant-toque opeation. On the othe hand, when it uns at o above the base speed, the APC mode is used fo constant-powe opeation. The simulated cuent wavefoms opeating in the CCC mode (500 /min and 3 Nm) and in the APC mode (1500 /min and 4.5 Nm) ae shown in Fig. 9(a) and Fig. 9(b), espectively. The coesponding measued wavefoms ae shown in Fig. 10(a) and Fig. 10(b) fo compaison. It can be found that the measued wavefoms closely agee with the simulated ones. Also, both the simulated and measued wavefoms follow the theoetical typical pattens as depicted in Fig. 5. Fig. 9. Simulated cuent wavefoms. (a) CCC mode at 500 /min and 3 Nm. (b) APC mode at 1500 /min and 4.5 Nm. Fig. 11 illustates the measued efficiency and RMS cuent of the poposed moto at the ated speed of 1500 /min. It can be seen that the moto offes a high efficiency ove a wide output powe ange, which is highly favoable to some specific applications such as EVs. The measued efficiency of the expeimental moto at the ated opeating point is 87.7%, which is much highe than that of a standad induction moto (typically 75%) with the same atings and fame size. To testify the dynamic pefomance of the moto dive, the speed and cuent esponses ae ecoded. Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 show two kinds of tansient esponses esulting fom compute simulation and expeimental measuement, espectively. As expected, the ageement between them is good. One kind is the CHENG ET AL.: NEW SPLIT-WINDING DOUBLY SALIENT PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR DRIVE 207

8 Fig. 10. Measued cuent wavefoms. (a) CCC mode at 500/minand3Nm(1A/div,5ms/div).(b)APCmodeat 1500 /min and 4.5 Nm (2 A/div, 2 ms/div). Fig. 11. Measued efficiency and ms cuent at 1500 /min. Fig. 12. Simulated speed and cuent esponses. (a) Stat-up at no-load. (b) Sudden change of load toque fom 0.66 Nm to 2.66 Nm. Fig. 13. Measued speed (uppe tace) and cuent (lowe tace) esponses. (a) Stat-up at no-load (350 /min/div, 1.67 A/div, 0.5 s/div). (b) Sudden change of load toque fom 0.66 Nm to 2.66 Nm at 1500 /min (350 /min/div, 2 A/div, 0.5 s/div). stat-up tansient fom standstill to the ated speed of 1500 /min unde no-load. It can be seen that the moto dive esponds quickly and takes less than 0.5 s to each the desied speed without any steady-state eo. Anothe kind is the loading tansient unde a sudden change of load fom the minimum inetial load (0.66 Nm) to ove the half full-load (2.66 Nm) at the ated speed of 1500 /min. It can be found that the tansient dop in speed is insignificant and the speed egulation is good. To veify the effectiveness of the poposed split-winding topology, the capability to extend the constant-powe opeation ange and the achievable maximum speed ae paticulaly inteesting. Since the available dc dynamomete can only opeate up to 2250 /min (150% of the ated speed), the coesponding constant-powe opeation test of the poposed moto dive needs to be caied out at a educed voltage level (namely, the dc bus voltage is educed fom 400 V to 150 V). Thus, the whole ange of constant-powe opeation can be evaluated by the available dc dynamomete. Duing the test, the efeence speed is set to its maximum value so that the moto dive uns at its maximum capability. Hence, the achievable speeds unde diffeent output powes ae ecoded. Notice that the output powe is contolled by vaying the electonic load connected to the teminals of the dc dynamomete. The 208 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL. 39, NO. 1 JANUARY 2003

9 Fig. 14. Measued inheent powe-speed chaacteistics unde educed supply voltage. coesponding measued powe-speed chaacteistics without and with split-winding opeation (namely, N ph = 100% and N ph = 50%) ae shown in Fig. 14. It can be found that the poposed DSPM moto dive can signficantly extend the constant-powe speed limit when the split-winding topology is adopted. In this case, its speed limit is impoved fom 750 /min to 2000 /min fo a given output powe of 250 W when the split-winding topology is changed fom 100% to 50%. On the othe hand, the achievable maximum speed test of the poposed moto dive unde the ated voltage can be diectly conducted by mechanically decoupling it fom the dc dynamomete. In this test, the speed efeence is also set to its maximum value. The measued no-load speed capabilities of the moto dive unde the ated voltage ae 3152 /min and 6010 /min when the split-winding aangements ae 100% and 50%, espectively. Both the tests illustate that the poposed split-winding topology can effectively extend the opeation ange of the moto dive. As mentioned befoe, the achievable maximum speed of the poposed moto dive is 6010 /min unde the conditions of no-load, ated voltage and 50% split-winding. The coesponding wavefoms of the fiing signal of an uppe-leg switch and the phase cuent ae ecoded as shown in Fig. 15. It can be obseved that the cuent initially ises up when the back EMF is lowe than the supplied voltage. Then, the cuent falls fom a peak due to the excessive PM-induced back EMF. With the oto otation, the back EMF becomes lowe than the supplied voltage again; hence, the cuent ises again until the fiing signal tuns off (namely, the completion of the positive stoke). Duing the negative stoke, simila phenomena occu except that the cuent finally inceases to a vey high value (without enfocing the cuent limit) because of the negative dl=.these phenomena can eadily be explained by (8). VIII. CONCLUSION A new 8/6-pole split-winding DSPM moto dive has been poposed and implemented. The constuction and opeating pinciple of the moto have been Fig. 15. Measued wavefoms of fiing signal (uppe tace) and cuent (lowe tace) at 6010 /min (2 V/div, 2 A/div, 0.5 ms/div). pesented. The magnetic field and hence the static chaacteistics have been analyzed. The contol stategy fo the moto dive has been developed and implemented by a 16-bit single-chip micocontolle. As a supply to the DSPM moto, the half-bidge powe convete has been used to educe the numbe of powe devices. The whole dive system has been pototyped and tested. The expeimental esults confim that the poposed moto dive woks at high efficiency ove a wide output powe ange, exhibits good dynamic pefomance and extends the constant-powe opeation ange significantly. Moeove, the 4-phase 8/6-pole configuation offes the advantage of using the half-bidge powe convete without split capacitos, hence avoiding the poblem of voltage asymmety and simplifying both contol hadwae and softwae of the moto dive. REFERENCES [1] Elbuluk, M. E., and Kankam, M. D. (1997) Potential state/geneato technologies fo futue aeospace applications. IEEE Aeospace and Electonic Systems Magazine, 12, 5 (1997), [2] Chan, C. C., Chau, K. T., Jiang, J. Z., Xia, W., Zhu, M., and Zhang, R. (1996) Novel pemanent magnet moto dives fo electic vehicles. IEEE Tansactions on Industial Electonics, 43, 2 (1996), [3] Chan, C. C., Jiang, J. Z., Chen, G. H., Wang, X. Y., and Chau, K. T. (1994) A novel polyphase multipole squae-wave pemanent magnet moto dive fo electic vehicles. IEEE Tansactions on Industy Applications, 30, 5 (1994), [4] Liao, Y., Liang, F., and Lipo, T. A. (1995) A novel pemanent magnet moto with doubly salient stuctue. IEEE Tansactions on Industy Applications, 31, 5 (1995), [5] Blaabjeg, F., Chistensen, L., Rasmussen, P. O., Oestegaad, L., and Pedesen, P. (1995) New advanced contol methods fo doubly salient pemanent magnet moto. IEEE Industy Applications Society Annual Meeting Recod, 1995, CHENG ET AL.: NEW SPLIT-WINDING DOUBLY SALIENT PERMANENT MAGNET MOTOR DRIVE 209

10 [6] Matis, C., Radulescu, M. M., and Bio, K. (1998) On the dynamic model of a doubly-salient pemanent magnet moto. IEEE Mediteanean Electotechnical Confeence, 1998, [7] Chau, K. T., Cheng, M., and Chan, C. C. (1999) Pefomance analysis of 8/6-pole doubly salient pemanent magnet moto. Electic Machines and Powe Systems, 27, 10 (1999), [8] Cheng, M., Chau, K. T., Chan, C. C., and Zhou, E. (2000) Pefomance analysis of split-winding doubly salient pemanent magnet moto fo wide speed opeation. Electic Machines and Powe Systems, 28, 3 (2000), [9] Cheng, M., Chau, K. T., and Chan, C. C. (2001) Design and analysis of a new doubly salient pemanent magnet motos. IEEE Tansactions on Magnetics, 37, 4 (2001), [10] Huang, J., Zhou, E., and Jiang, Q. (1997) Analysis and compensation of voltage asymmety in the split convete of a fou-phase switched eluctance moto dive. IEEE Intenational Confeence on Powe Electonics and Dive Systems, 1997, Ming Cheng (M 01 SM 02) eceived the B.Sc.(Eng.) and M.Sc.(Eng.) degees fom the Depatment of Electical Engineeing, Southeast Univesity (fomely Nanjing Institute of Technology), China, in 1982 and 1987, espectively, and the Ph.D. degee fom the Depatment of Electical and Electonic Engineeing, The Univesity of Hong Kong in He is cuently the head and pofesso of the Depatment of Electical Engineeing, Southeast Univesity, China. His teaching and eseach inteests include electical machines, moto dives and powe electonics. D. Cheng has published ove 50 technical papes and epots, and holds 4 patents. K. T. Chau (M 89) eceived his fist-class honos B.Sc.(Eng.), M.Phil. and Ph.D. degees in electical and electonic engineeing fom the Univesity of Hong Kong. Cuently, he woks as Associate Pofesso in the Alma Mate. His teaching and eseach inteests focus on thee main aeas powe convetes, machines and dives, and electic vehicles. D. Chau has published ove a hunded efeeed technical papes and many industial epots. He has also seved as chais and oganizing committee membes fo many intenational confeences. He is the coautho of a monogaph Moden Electic Vehicle Technology (Oxfod Univesity Pess). C. C. Chan (M 77 SM 77 F 92) eceived the B.Sc. degee fom China Univesity of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China, the M.Sc. degee fom Tsinghua Univesity, Beijing, China, and the Ph.D. degee fom the Univesity of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, in 1953, 1957 and 1981 espectively, and was awaded the Honoay D.Sc. degee fom the Univesity of Odessa in He is cuently Chai Pofesso in the Depatment of Electical and Electonic Engineeing, Univesity of Hong Kong. D. Chan has authoed 4 books, published ove 120 technical papes, and holds 7 patents. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineeing, U.K., and an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineeing. 210 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL. 39, NO. 1 JANUARY 2003

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