Basic Electrical Engineering

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1 Basic Electrical Engineering S.N. Singh

2 Basic Electrical Engineering S.N. Singh Professor Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur PHI Learning Private Limited New Delhi

3 BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING S.N. Singh 2011 by PHI Learning Private Limited, New Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher. Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, M-97, Connaught Circus, New Delhi and Printed by Baba Barkha Nath Printers, Bahadurgarh, Haryana

4 To My Mother

5

6 Contents Preface... xv 1. INTRODUCTION General SI Units and Power of Structure of Modern Electric Supply System Energy Management System Network Analysis Approaches Outline of the Book 9 2. CIRCUIT ELEMENTS Introduction Energy Sources (Active Elements) Independent Sources Dependent or Controlled Sources Practical (Real) Energy Sources Passive Elements Ideal Resistor Ideal Capacitor Ideal Inductor Important Properties of Ideal Passive Elements Network/Circuit Properties Linear and Non-linear Networks 24 v

7 vi Contents Bilateral and Unilateral Networks Lumped and Distributed Parameters Networks Source Transformation 24 Problems ANALYSIS OF DC CIRCUITS Introduction Circuit Laws Kirchhoff s Current Law (KCL) Kirchhoff s Voltage Law (KVL) Applications of KCL and KVL Voltage and Current Dividers Series and Parallel Combinations Star-Delta or Delta-Star Transformation Delta-Star Transformation Star-Delta Transformation Mesh Current (Loop Current) Method Node Voltage (or Node Pair Voltage) Method Linearity and Superposition Theorem Superposition Theorem Thevenin s Theorem Norton s Theorem Maximum Power Transfer Theorem Reciprocity Theorem Millman s Theorem Two-Port (4-Terminal) Network 64 Problems STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF AC CIRCUITS Introduction Sinusoidal Signal Effective (or RMS) Value Average Value Phasor Representation Applications of Kirchhoff s Laws Series and Parallel Combinations of Inductors and Capacitors Definition of Impedance and Admittance Star-Delta or Delta-Star Transformation Delta-Star Transformation Star-Delta Transformation Network Theorems Mesh Current (or Loop Current) Method Node Voltage Method 91

8 Contents vii Thevenin s Theorem Norton s Theorem Maximum Power Transfer Theorem Power Calculation in AC Circuit Reactive Power Using Phasor Concept Apparent Power Superposition and Conservation of Power 107 Problems TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF AC/DC CIRCUITS Introduction Transient Response of First-Order Circuits with DC Source Current through an Ideal Inductor Transient in RL Circuit Transient in Series RC Circuit Natural and Forced Response of First-Order Circuit Discharge Transients Decay Transients Transient Response of Second-Order Circuits Transients Response in Series RLC circuit Laplace Transform Transient Response in AC Circuits Initial and Steady-State Values 136 Problems ELECTRICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS Introduction Types of Electrical Measuring Instruments AC and DC Instruments Absolute and Secondary Instruments Deflection and Null Type Instruments Analog and Digital Instruments Indicating, Recording and Integrating Instruments Direct Measuring and Comparison Instruments Main Components of Indicating Instruments Principle of Operation of Indicating Instruments Magnetic Effect Thermal Effect Electrostatic Effect Electromagnetic Effect Hall Effect 146

9 viii Contents 6.5 Controlling Mechanism Gravity Control Spring Control Damping Mechanism Friction Damping Electromagnetic Damping Permanent Magnet Moving Coil Instruments Moving-Iron Instruments Attraction Type Repulsion Type Electrodynamic or Dynamometer Instruments Ammeter Design Voltmeter Design Wattmeter or Power Meter Measurement of Three-Phase Power with Single-Phase Wattmeters Three-Phase Wattmeters Energy Meter Performance of Indicating Instruments Errors Loading Effect Sensitivity and Efficiency Precautions 162 Problems THREE-PHASE AC CIRCUITS Introduction Generation of Three-Phase Voltage Star and Delta Connections Star Connection Delta Connection Power in Three-Phase Circuit Three-Phase Load Circuit Star Connected Three-Phase Load Delta-Connected Three-Phase Load Measurement of Real Power One-Wattmeter Method Three-Wattmeter Method Two-Wattmeter Method Power Factor Determination for Three-Phase Balanced Load Single-Phase Analysis of 3j Circuit Star-Connected Balanced Load Delta-Connected Balanced Load Unbalance Loads 180

10 Contents ix Delta-Connected Unbalanced Load Star-Connected Unbalanced Load 181 Problems RESONANCE Introduction Series RLC Resonance Quality Factor Bandwidth and Selectivity Parallel RLC Resonance Quality Factor Selectivity and Bandwidth Practical Parallel Resonant Circuits Applications of Resonant Circuits 201 Problems MAGNETIC CIRCUIT Introduction Ampere s Law Magnetic Resistance or Reluctance Magnetic Circuit Analysis Inductance Mutual Inductance Sign Convention of Mutually Induced Voltages Induced Voltage Phasor Two-Port Representation Computation of Inductances 219 Problems TRANSFORMERS Introduction Constructional Features Principle of Transformer Action Ideal Transformer Case Induced emf Flux Relationship Impedance Transformation Transformer Rating Losses in Transformer Hysteresis Loss Eddy Current Loss Core Loss Copper Loss Practical Transformer 240

11 Basic Electrical Engineering 25% OFF Publisher : PHI Learning ISBN : Author : SINGH, S. N. Type the URL : 74 Get this ebook

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