Dec. 15, 1964 J. WOODBURN, JR 3,160,929 LADLE POURING CONTROL. s th. Ea. SSI: S. II.

Transcription

1 - Dec. 15, 1964 J. WOODBURN, JR 3,1,929 LADLE POURING CONTROL Filed April 17, 196l 3 Sheet-Sheet l Ea. th SSI: S. II.

2 Dec. 15, 1964 J. WOODBURN, JR 3,1,929 LADLE POURING CONTROL Filed April 17, Sheet-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. A/22e %24 ver/ "22&7 44.2% -4.

3 Dec. 15, 1964 J. WOODBURN, JR 3,1,929 LADLE FOURING CONTROL Filed April 17, 196l 3. Sheet-Sheet 3 Neet Rix E N Y N So St S. S. &

4 United State Patent Office 3,1,929 Patented Dec. 15, ,,929 LADE POURING CONTROL Jame Woodburia, Jr., Wheaton, ai, aignor to Aaated indutrie incorporated, Chicago, E., a corporation of New Jerey Filed Apr. 17, 1961, Ser. No. 93,388 7 Ciaia. (CE ) Thi invention relate generally to ladle for pouring fluid material into mold and more pecifically to control mean aociated with uch ladle for indicating when uch ladle are ready to be refilled with aid fluid ma terial. Thi application i a continuation-in-part of my co pending application Serial No. 853,316, filed November 16, 1959, now abandoned, which dicloe both a novel method and mean for pouring fluid material into a mold or mold wherein the material olidifie into a cating or cating. According to accepted practice, particularly in the art of cating of molten metal, uch a teel, the ladle ha been ubjected to relatively high preure, a compared to the preure exiting in the mold, o a to caue the molten metal to flow through a pouring tube into the mold. A a conequence of thi general arrangment, it ha been neceary to contruct the ladle tructure ubtan tially totally encloed o a to be able to either increae or decreae the preure acting on the molten material therein. A further problem arie from uch a totally encloed ladle tructure, that being, the inability to readily detect, from without, the quantity of molten material within the ladle tructure. Accordingly, an object of thi invention i to provide mean exteriorly of aid ladle for indicating the quan tity of molten material therein, and more pecifically to provide automatic mean for indicating when the quantity of molten material ha been reduced to uch a level a to require re-filling. Another object of thi invention i to provide auto matic mean for terminating the pouring operation when ever the quantity of molten material within the ladie reduce itelf below a predetermined minimum quantity. Other object and advantage will become apparent when reference i made to the written decription and accompanying drawing wherein: FIGURE 1 i a ide elevational view of a ladle truc ture contructed in accordance with the teaching of the invention; FIGURE 2 i a cro-ectional view taken on the plane of line 2-2 of FIGURE 1 and looking in the direction of the arrow; - FIGURE 3 i a fragmentary cro-ectional view taken on the plane of line 3-3 of FIGURE 1 and looking in the direction of the arrow; and FIGURE 4 i a chematic wiring diagram in conjunc tion with a valve tructure hown in cro-ection, illu trating one embodiment of the invention. Certain element are omitted from one or more of the aid figure for purpoe of clarity. Referring now in greater detail to the drawing, FiG URE 1 illutrate a ladle i0 compried of a generally cylindrical houing 12, forming an internal chamber 4, pivotally mounted on upport 6 and 18 a by coaxial trunnion and 22. A uitable motor 24 and gear reducer 26 are provided, a on a bae 28, for driving, by mean of a uitable tranmiion 39, a pinion gear 32 which cooperate with a ring gear 34 ecured to the houing 12. Gear 32 and 34, along with the related tructure, are provided in order to at time rotate the ladle 10 about it pivot and 22. FIGURE 2, a cro-ectional view taken on line O of FIGURE 1, illutrate the ladle 10 a being compried of an outer container 36 lined with a uitable refractory 33 and provided with a port which, in pouring poi tion of the ladle hown, i preferably at the bottom of the ladle. Port communicate with conduit 42 of a readily removable pouring tube 44 ecured to the con tainer 36 a by mean of a flange 46 and nut and bolt aemblie 48. The pouring tube 44 i illutrated a being compried of caing egment and 52 containing a high refractory lining 54 urrounded by a highly permeable refractory back-up, uch a CO2 odium ilicate bonded and. The egment and 52 may be provided with vent 56 to releae gae developed in the back-up 58 by heat of the molten teel poured through the tube into a mold 68 mated with the upper end of tube 44. Flanged por tion 62, formed on egment and 52, may be held in abutting relationhip to each other a by mean of plit ring clamp 64. An additional upport bracket 66 may be provided a between the container 36 and tube 44 and ecured to both in any uitable manner. The ladle i provided with a filling and acce hatch 68 having a cover 70 releaably clamped againt a eal ing gaket 72 a by clamp 74. Additionally, a drain hole 76 (ee FIGURES 1 and 3), releaably cloed by a cover 78 compreed againt a ealing gaket 80 a by mean of a hand operated clamp crew 82, i alo pro vided. Screw 82 may be threaded into a bracket 84, one end of which i pivoted at 88 to the ladle 10. The oppoite end of the bracket 84 i releaably connected to the ladle by a readily removable pin 86. Gaket 72 and 80 are provided in order to create a ga tight eal about hatch 68 and hole 76, repectively. A Suitable ource 99 of relatively high preure ga i in controlled communication with chamber 14 a by mean of conduit 92, 94, 95 and 96. Conduit 92 and 94 may be connected to each other a by mean of a uitable elbow 98 while a combination ealed wivel joint and quick diconnect aembly 00 erve to con nect conduit 94 and 95. A olenoid valve aembly 182 i connected erially between conduit 95 and 96 and i adapted to repond to a ignal generated by the cooperative action of a ource of radiation 104 and radiation ening or collector unit 106 in repone to a predetermined level of molten metal within the ladle 10. A econd valve tructure 08 alo connected erially in conduit 96 at a point intermediate of ource 90 and valve aembly 102, may be provided for manual control over the application of high preure ga to chamber 14. FIGURE 4 chematically illutrate wiring circuitry uitable to the practice of the invention. The fragmen tary portion of tube 44, hown in cro-ection and taken on the plane of line 4-4 of FIGURE 2, i illutrated a having a ource of radiation 04 and a radiation ening device 66 located on oppoite ide thereof. Both de vice 104 and A696 are preferably ecured to the bae 10 a illutrated in FIGURE 1. Radiation device 104 may contain any uitable ource therein uch a, for example, Co. or C137 which are readily available and have a ufficient gamma-radiation half-life. The radiation ening unit 86 ha it output terminal connected to conductor 12 and 114 which, in turn, are connected to a uitable amplifier 116. A uitable ource of electrical power 18 i electrically connected to ampli fier. A6 a by mean of conductor 1 and 22. The output terminal of amplifier 116 are connected in a cir cuit compried of conductor 124 and 126, Zener diode 130, and coil 28. The Zener diode i, a well known in the art, effective in preventing current flow through the circuit until a minimum threhold voltage i attained. Waive aembly 102 may be compried of a houing 132 having a cylindrical chamber 34 containing a pool-type

5 -- 3. valve member 136 therein which ha valving portion 33 and 1 interconnected by a portion 142 of reduced di ameter. Portion 1 may in turn be connected to the core 144 of a olenoid 146 a by mean of a tep-diameter portion 48 which i uitably ecured at it oppoite end to the repective member. A conduit 1. may alo be provided between the end of chamber 34 o a to bal ance the preure therein. Preferably, a top member 52 i provided o a to determine the extent of movement of member 136 when electrical energy i upplied to the winding 54 of ole noid 46. Spring 156 i provided to move valve member 136 upwardly, whenever the upply of electrical current to winding 154 i terminated, to a point determined by houlder 158, cauing the upper end of valving portion 138 to aume a poition generally illutrated by dotted line 1. Conequently, the communication between con duit 96 and conduit 95, which lead to the inner chamber 4 of ladle 10, i terminated. A olenoid-type witch aembly 62, which may be provided in order to control the application of electrical energy to the valving aembly 192, may be compried of a movable core member 64, having uitably inulated contact member 166 and 168 thereon, normally urged a by pring 170 and cooperating pring pad 172 in the poition illutrated. At thi time, the circuit decribed by conductor 122, 174, 75, 176, 54, 178 and 26 i completed a by the cloing of contact member 66 with contact 80 and 82. Whenever coil 128 i energized, core member 64 i moved upwardly againt the reiting force of pring 70 until member 166 cloe contact 1.92 and ,,929 Simul taneouly, member 168 will cloe contact 96 and 19. Conequently, while the previouly decribed circuit con taining contact 180 and 182 i opened, circuit 22, 174, 0, 2, 216, 4, 178 and and circuit 22, 174, 0, 6, 8, 24, 210, 22, 78 and are cloed. A a reult of thi, coil 8 i energized thereby keeping core 164 in it upper-mot poition and maintaining cen tact 92 and 194 and contact 196 and 198 cloed. For the purpoe of dicuion, let it be aumed that the ladle 10 i filled with molten teel to approximately it midpoint. At thi time the level of the molten teel will be ubtantially above that level determined by the radia tion emitting from the ource 104 a chematically illu trated by the dotted line 2 of both FIGURES 1 and 4. Conequently, a major portion of the gamma radiation will be aborbed by the molten metal within conduit 42 of tube 44 and the radiation actually ened by unit 106 will be inufficient to caue a high enough voltage to over come the threhold voltage of Zener diode 30. Therefore, core 164 and member 366 will remain in their lower-mot poition, a illutrated, allowing ole noid 146 to be energized by the flow of electrical current through the winding 154 cauing valve member 36 to aume the poition illutrated o a to complete com munication between conduit 95 and 96. Subequently, valve 108, which may be actuated by any deired mean, but for purpoe of illutration will be conidered a being manually operated, i opened thereby admitting ga under relatively high preure into cham ber 14 a by mean of conduit 6, 95, 94, and 92. The admiion of uch high preure ga caue the molten teel in chamber 4 to be forced downwardly through orifice and out through conduit 42 of tube 44 into the cavity of mold. When the cavity i filled, the admiion of high preure ga can be completely termi nated or partially reduced in order to top the flow of molten teel out of tube 44. The admiion of high pre ure ga i, of coure, reumed after another empty mold i brought into mating relationhip with tube 44. The above decribed proce i repeated until the level 222 of the molten teel within the ladle 16 i reduced to a point below the line determined by the radiation emit ting from ource 104, a chematically illutrated by the dotted line 2 of FIGURE 4. Thi may actually occur during the cycle of operation wherein the mold i being filled, ince ga under high preure i forcing the molten teel upwardly out of tube 44. However, once the level 222 drop below line 2, the unit 166 ene an increae in radiation which in turn caue a greater electrical ignal on conductor 212 and 14. Thi electrical ignal, amplified by amplifier 116, in cooperation with power ource 118, i ufficient to over come the threhold voltage of Zener diode 130 thereby cauing current flow in coil 128. Energization of coil E.28 in turn caue core 164 to move upwardly cloing contact 92, 194 by mean of member 166 and contact 196, 198 by mean of member 168. Conequently, current flow through olenoid 46 i terminated allowing pring 156 to move valve member 136 upwardly thereby terminating communication be tween conduit 96 and 95 while at the ame time complet ing communication between conduit 95 and conduit 218 which lead to the atmophere. Accordingly, the flow of high preure ga i terminated and the venting of chamber 14 to the atmophere i imultaneouly accom plihed. It hould be noted that the poible increae in level 222 of molten teel, upon the termination of high preure ga i of no conequence ince the ubequent lo of a ignal ufficient to activate coil 128 ha no effect on the poition of core 164. That i, once core 164 ha moved to it upper-mot poition, coil 8 which i energized hold the core 164 and aociated contact member in the upper-mot poition. At thi time, the operator noticing that the bulb 26 i lit realize that the ladle i ready for re-filling. Ac cordingly, valve 108 may be hut and the ladle tran ported to it re-filling tation. Since the ladle i provided with a quick-diconnect coupling 100, it may be lifted from upport 6 and 18 by it trunnion and carried away while another re-filled ladle i lowered into it place. Thi i, of coure, poible ince the ource of radiation 104 and the radiation detector are eparate from the ladle. However, for purpoe of illutration let it be aumed that only a ingle ladle i involved. Accordingly, after chamber 14 ha been vented to the atmophere, a de cribed above, cover 78 may be removed and ladle ig ro tated counterclockwie approximately 165 from the poi tion illutrated in FIGURE 2. At thi time, the lag re maining in ladle it can be drained through orifice 76. After the draining i completed, cover 78 may be replaced and the ladle 0 rotated clockwie to a poition wherein filling hatch i approximately 75 away from the poition illutrated in FIGURE 2, a meaured in the counterclock wie direction. The cover plate 70 i, of coure, removed and chamber 14 filled with molten teel to the deired level. - After the ladle i filled it i rotated clockwie to the poi tion illutrated in FIGURE 2 which i the poition a Sumed during preure pouring of molten teel into mold 69. However, a wa previouly tated, communication between conduit 95 and 96 i till terminated by virtue of holding coil 8 being energized. Accordingly, in order to tart the proce, the operator mut firt depre a normally cloed witch 214 thereby opening the circuit containing coil 8. When thi happen, current flow through coil 8 i terminated allowing core 164 to re turn to it lower-mot poition thereby energizing olenoid 146 and allowing communication between conduit 95 and 96. Even though only one embodiment of the invention ha been dicloed and decribed, it i apparent that other modification of the invention are poible within the cope of the appended claim. I claim: 1. A control apparatu for a preure pouring ladle hav ing a chamber containing liquid material therein expoed

6 5 to a ource of relatively high preure ga, aid apparatu compriing a ource of radiation located at one ide of aid liquid material, a radiation ening device located at all other ide of aid liquid material in a manner oppoitely dipoed to aid ource of radiation, a ource of electrical potential, conduit mean communicating between Said ource of high preure ga and aid chamber, Solenoid operated valve mean erially connected in aid conduit mean for at time terminating the communication be tween aid chamber and aid ource of high preure ga, a firt circuit including firt and econd electrical contact therein electrically connecting aid olenoid valve mean to aid ource of electrical potential, a olenoid witch aembly including firt and econd electrical coil and firt and econd witch member, a econd electrical cir cuit operatively connecting aid radiation ening device to aid firt coil for energization thereof, and a third elec trical circuit including third and fourth electrical con tact therein connecting aid econd coil to aid ource of electrical potential, aid firt witch member being o located a to cloe aid firt and econd electrical contact whenever aid firt coil i not energized and to open aid firt and econd electrical contact when aid firt coil i energized, aid econd witch member being o located a to cloe aid third and fourth electrical contact upon energization of aid firt coil o a to cloe aid third elec trical circuit thereby energizing aid econd coil, aid econd coil being effective to maintain aid econd witch member in a poition maintaining aid third and fourth electrical contact cloed upon ubequent deemergization of aid firt coil. 2. A control apparatu for a preure pouring ladie poed to a ource of relatively high preure ga and a pouring tube with a portion thereof formed in a generally downwardly depending relationhip to aid chamber, aid apparatu compriing a ource of radiation located at one ide of aid depending portion, a radiation ening device located at another ide of aid depending portion in a manner oppoitely dipoed to aid ource of radiation, a ource of electrical potential, conduit mean communicat ing between aid ource of high preure ga and aid chamber, olenoid operated valve mean erially connected in aid conduit mean for at time terminating the com munication between aid chamber and aid ource of high preure ga, a firt circuit including firt and econd elec trical contact therein electrically connecting aid olenoid valve mean to aid ource of electrical potential, a ole noid witch aembly including firt and econd electrical coil and firt and econd witch member, a econd elec trical circuit operatively connecting aid radiation ening device to aid firt coil for energization thereof, a third electrical circuit including third and fourth electrical con tact therein connecting aid econd coil to aid ource of electrical potential, aid firt witch member being o lo cated a to cloe aid firt and econd electrical contact whenever aid firt coil i not energized and to open aid firt and econd electrical contact when aid firt coil i energized, aid econd witch member being o lo cated a to cloe aid third and fourth electrical contact upon energization of aid firt coil o a to cloe aid third electrical circuit thereby energizing aid econd coil, aid econd coil being effective to maintain aid econd witch member in a poition maintaining aid third and fourth electrical contact cloed upon ubequent de energization of aid firt coil, and manually operated witch mean for de-energizing aid econd coil. 3. A control apparatu for a preure pouring ladie poed to a ource of relatively high preure ga and a pouring tube with a portion thereof formed in a gener ally downwardly depending relationhip to aid chamber, aid apparatu compriing a ource of radiation located at one ide of aid depending portion, a radiation ening device located at another ide of aid depending portion 3,1,929 O in a manner oppoitely dipoed to aid ource of radia tion, a ource of electrical potential, conduit mean com municating between aid ource of high preure ga and aid chamber, olenoid operated valve mean erially connected in aid conduit mean for at time terminating the communication between aid chamber and aid ource of high preure ga, a firt circuit including firt and econd electrical contact therein electrically connecting aid Solenoid valve mean to aid ource of electrical po tential, a olenoid witch aembly including firt and econd electrical coil and firt and econd witch mem ber, a econd electrical circuit operatively connecting aid radiation ening device to aid firt coil for energiza tion thereof, a third electrical circuit including third and fourth electrical contact therein connecting aid econd coil to aid ource of electrical potential, aid firt witch member being o located a to cloe aid firt and econd electrical contact whenever aid firt coil i not energized and to open aid firt and econd electrical contact when aid firt coil i energized, aid econd witch member being o located a to cloe aid third and fourth electrical contact upon energization of aid firt coil o a to cloe aid third electrical circuit thereby energizing aid econd coil, aid econd coil being effective to maintain aid econd witch member in a poition maintaining aid third and fourth electrical contact cloed upon ub equent de-energization of aid firt coil, manually oper ated witch mean for de-energizing aid econd coil, and pring mean for urging aid olenoid valve mean in a direction terminating communication between aid ource of high preure ga and aid chamber whenever aid firt electrical circuit i opened. 4. A control apparatu for a preure pouring ladie poed to a ource of relatively high preure ga and a pouring tube with a portion thereof formed in a generally downwardly depending relationhip to aid chamber, aid apparatu compriing a ource of radiation located at one ide of aid depending portion, a radiation ening device located at another ide of aid depending portion in a mainer oppoitely dipoed to aid ource of radiation, a ource of electrical potential, conduit mean communi cating between aid ource of high preure ga and aid chamber, Solenoid operated valve mean erially con nected in aid conduit mean for at time terminating the communication between aid chamber and aid ource of high preure ga, a firt circuit including firt and ec ond electrical contact therein electrically connecting aid Solenoid valve mean to aid ource of electrical potential, a olenoid witch aembly including firt and econd electrical coil and firt and econd witch member, a ec ond electrical circuit operatively connecting aid radiation Sening device to aid firt coil for energization thereof, a bulb, a third electrical circuit including third and fourth electrical contact therein connecting aid bulb to aid ource of electrical potential, a fourth electrical circuit including fifth and ixth electrical contact there in connecting aid econd coil to aid ource of elec trical potential, Said firt witch member being o located a to cloe aid firt and econd electrical contact when ever aid firt coil i not energized and to cloe aid third and fourth electrical contact when aid firt coil i en ergized, aid econd Switch member being o located a to cloe aid fifth and ixth electrical contact upon ener gization of aid firt coil o a to cloe aid fourth elec trical circuit thereby energizing aid econd coil, aid Second coil being effective to maintain aid econd witch member in a poition maintaining aid fifth and ixth elec trical contact cloed upon Subequent de-energization of aid firt coil, and manually operated witch mean for de-energizing aid econd coil. 5. A control apparatu for a preure pouring ladle poed to a ource of relatively high preure ga and a pouring tube with a portion thereof formed in a generally

7 3,1, downwardly depending relationhip to aid chamber, aid apparatu compriing a ource of radiation located at one ide of aid depending portion, a radiation ening device located at another ide of aid depending portion in a manner oppoitely dipoed to aid ource of radiation, an electrical amplifier, firt electrical conducting mean operatively connecting aid amplifier to aid radiation ening device, a ource of electrical potential, econd electrical conducting mean operatively connecting aid ource of electrical potential to aid amplifier, conduit mean communicating between aid ource of high pre ure ga and aid chamber, olenoid operated valve mean erially connected to aid conduit mean for at time terminating the communication between aid chamber and aid ource of high preure ga, a firt circuit includ ing firt and econd electrical contact therein electrically connecting aid olenoid valve mean to aid ource of electrical potential, a olenoid witch aembly including firt and econd electrical coil and firt and econd witch member, a econd electrical circuit connecting aid ampli fier to aid firt coil for energization thereof, a bulb, a third electrical circuit including third and fourth electri cal contact therein connecting aid bulb to aid ource of electrical potential, a fourth electrical circuit including fifth and ixth electrical contact therein connecting aid econd coil to aid ource of electrical potential, aid firt witch member being o located a to cloe aid firt and econd electrical contact whenever aid firt coil i not energized and to cloe aid third and fourth electrical contact when aid firt coil in energized, aid econd witch member being o located a to cloe aid fifth and ixth electrical contact upon energization of aid firt coil o a to cloe aid fourth electrical circuit thereby energizing aid econd coil, aid econd coil being effec tive to maintain aid econd witch member in a poition maintaining aid fifth and ixth electrical contact cloed upon Subequent deenergization of aid firt coil, manual ly operated witch mean for de-energizing aid econd coil, and pring mean for urging aid olenoid valve mean in a direction terminating communication between aid ource of high preure ga and aid chamber when ever aid firt electrical circuit i open. 6. A preure cating arrangement compriing a ladle aembly rotatably mounted on paced upport member, aid ladle aembly compriing a ladle body, a chamber formed within aid ladle body for the reception of molten metal therein, a filling hatch and cover aembly formed atop aid ladle body, a dicharge orifice communicating at one end with aid chamber formed in a lower portion of aid ladle body, an upwardly extending pouring tube aembly formed externally of aid ladle body and having it lower end ecured to aid ladle body in ealed com munication with aid dicharge orifice while having it upper end at time connected to the inlet of a mold a embly, aid pouring tube aembly being formed to pro vide a portion generally depending downwardly from aid dicharge orifice; a ource of fluid preure; conduit mean connecting aid ource of fluid preure and aid chamber; valve mean erially connected in aid conduit mean; pring mean for normally urging aid valve mean toward a poition terminating communication be tween aid chamber and aid ource of fluid preure; a O ource of electrical potential; an electrical amplifier; a ource of radiation ecured in a non-rotatable manner at one ide of aid depending portion; a radiation ening device ecured in a non-rotatable manner and oppoitely dipoed about aid depending portion with repect to aid ource of radiation; Solenoid mean for poitioning aid valve mean; a firt electrical circuit connecting aid ening device and aid amplifier; a econd electrical cir cuit connecting aid amplifier and aid ource of electri cal potential; a third electrical circuit connecting aid olenoid mean and aid ource of electrical potential; a witch member connected in aid third circuit; and a fourth electrical circuit for actuating aid witch member, aid fourth circuit including diode mean for preventing current flow through aid fourth circuit until the voltage acro aid diode mean attain a predetermined minimum value; aid witch member being effective upon actuation by aid fourth circuit to terminate current flow to aid olenoid mean thereby permitting aid pring mean to move aid valve mean to a cloed poition. 7. A control device for a rotatable preure pouring ladle aembly having a chamber containing fluid material therein and an external upwardly directed pouring tube having it lower end inverted and in communication with a lower portion of aid chamber, compriing a ource of uperatmopheric preure, firt conduit mean communi cating between aid ource of preure and aid chamber, valve mean including a valve member erially connected. in aid firt conduit mean for controlling the degree of connmunication between aid ource of preure and aid chamber, pring mean aociated with aid valve mean for normally maintaining aid valve member in a cloed poition thereby terminating communication between aid ource of preure and aid chamber, olenoid mean op eratively connected to aid valve member and effective upon energization to move aid valve member to an open poition thereby allowing communication between aid ource of preure and aid chamber, a ource of electrical potential, firt electrical circuit mean connecting aid ource of potential and aid olenoid for maintaining aid valve member in aid open poition, witch mean effec tive upon actuation to open aid firt circuit mean there by de-energizing aid olenoid mean, and a econd elec trical circuit for at time actuating aid witch mean, aid econd circuit compriing electrical gating mean for pre venting the flow of electrical current therethrough until a minimum electrical voltage thereacro i attained, and ening mean reponive to either the attainment of a predetermined abolute minimum level within aid in verted portion of aid pouring tube or the rotation of aid ladle aembly and pouring tube out of pouring poition and thereupon effective to caue an electrical ignal re ulting in a voltage acro aid gating mean equivalent to at leat aid minimum electrical voltage for actuation of aid witch mean. - Reference Cited in the file of thi patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,816,334 Edtrand Dec. 17, ,846,7 Edtrand Aug. 12, ,905,989 Black Sept. 29, 1959