thursday, november 5, :30 am - 11:30 am

Transcription

1 thursday, november 5, :30 am - 11:30 am What s Inside 2 The Sandler Center 3 What You ll See 4 CSI 5-6 Fingerprints 7 Luminol 8 Ultraviolet Rays 9-10 Electricity 11 What is DNA 12 Eyewitness Composite 13 The Polygraph Test 14 Still Curious?

2 ABOUT THE SANDLER CENTER At the heart of every great city are its arts institutions the centers of culture where residents and visitors can share great works of music, dance and theatre from the classics to the cutting edge. Now in its third season, the Sandler Center for the Performing Arts at Town Center provides these arts experiences to the students in Virginia Beach and beyond. There is something for everyone this season with a fantastic array of world-class artists and performances; world-renowned saxophonist Branford Marsalis, the extraordinary acrobatics of MOMIX, and the family-friendly productions of Strega Nona and Harold and the Purple Crayon. Expansive yet intimate, with not a bad seat in the house, the Sandler Center is the perfect setting for every kind of performance, from classical recitals and symphony concerts to modern dance and ballet, theatre and more. And while audiences of every kind are welcome, the Sandler Center offers a special invitation to the region s young people. With the ultimate goal of every child, every grade, every year, the Sandler Center, in partnership with the Virginia Arts Festival s WorldClass Education Department, presents specially priced student matinees and public performances making world-class artists accessible to school children in Virginia Beach. And the excitement reaches beyond the stage as well, as the Sandler Center brings these renowned artists into area schools for performances and master classes. For teachers, the opportunities are immeasurable, offering exciting new ways to inspire and enhance their classroom teaching as they weave the arts into their lessons on history, language arts, math and science. Upcoming Student Matinee at the Sandler Center Strega Nona Thursday, Jan 14, :30 AM Thank you for joining us this season as we spark your students imaginations with the joy and power of the performing arts. 2

3 WHAT YOU LL SEE Mad Science Productions presents CSI: Live! An exciting interactive journey through the fascinating world of crime scene investigations. Based on the popular television series, CSI: Live! Incorporates cutting edge forensic science, unparalleled audience interaction and amazing visual effects into a fast-paced, mind-blowing production. With the help of the latest crime fighting technology, and an entire audience of witnesses, our crime scene investigators take on the task of solving a baffling crime. Audience members get the chance to jump up on stage and become part of the CSI team, and together they recreate the crime scene and analyze the results. They will use their superior logic and forensic know-how to uncover hidden details, collect evidence and solve the case. Whether it s smashing a watermelon with a baseball bat, launching paint onto a pristine white wall, firing a laser beam across a room or examining a sample of DNA, the audience will have to be on their toes to solve the crime before it s too late! 3

4 CSI What is Crime Scene Investigation? The purpose of crime scene investigation is to figure out what happened and to identify the person responsible. Investigators carefully examine and record the conditions at a crime scene and take note of all relevant physical evidence. The ability to recognize and properly collect physical evidence is oftentimes critical to both solving and prosecuting violent crimes. The law enforcement officer who protects and searches a crime scene plays a critical role in determining whether physical evidence will be used in solving or prosecuting violent crimes. Crime scene investigation is a difficult and time consuming job. There is no substitute for a careful and thoughtful approach. An investigator must not leap to an immediate conclusion as to what happened based upon limited information. He or she must come up with several different theories of the crime, keeping the ones that are not eliminated by incoming information at the scene. Investigators document crime scene conditions by immediately recording details. Were the lights on or off? Were the drapes open or closed? What is the weather like? Was anything moved by the emergency technicians on the scene? Shoeprints or gunshot residue are fragile evidence that must be collected immediately. Investigators also consider what might been the cause of the crime. They look at physical evidence and question possible witnesses. Anything can be physical evidence. Even the absence of something can be evidence. Where are the victims car keys? Wallet? Sometimes the only remaining evidence is microscopic evidence consisting of hairs, fibers, or other small traces the assailant unknowingly leaves behind or takes with him. THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD is a time-tested set of procedures used to create an accurate view or representation of the world. Using these procedures, anyone can repeat the experiments that lead a scientist to a result or group of results. Step One: Ask a Question Step Two: Form a Hypothesis Step Three: Design and Conduct an Experiment Step Four: Analyze the Results of the Experiment Step Five: Draw a Conclusion 4

5 fingerprints Why do we use fingerprints as identifying characteristics? Two reasons. One: the ridge patterns on your fingers do not change naturally during your lifetime. Two: No two friction ridge patterns are identical. Whether on the different fingers of one person, or on the fingers of different people. No two fingerprints have ever been found to be identical in over a century of the use of fingerprinting. And the number of people to have been fingerprinted worldwide is now in the hundreds of millions. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that while identical twins share the same DNA profile markers, they can be differentiated by their fingerprints. Every person has tiny raised ridges of skin on the inside surfaces of their hands and fingers and on the bottom surfaces of their feet and toes, known as friction ridge skin. The friction ridges provide a gripping surface - in much the same way that the tread pattern of a car tire does. Friction ridges do not run evenly and unbroken across our fingers, hands, toes and feet. While no two ridge patterns are exactly alike, there are patterns that can be grouped into categories. These categories allow for the classification, filing and accessing of very large volumes of fingerprint records. Most English speaking countries have used the Henry System developed by Sir Edward Henry at the end of the nineteenth century. The three basic categories of ridge patterns in this system are: loops, whorls and arches. Analyze some fingerprints. Can you identify loops, whorls and arches? Go to 5

6 How do CSI investigators collect fingerprints? Friction ridges have very small pores along their length that continuously exude perspiration. The perspiration forms a layer along the top of the ridges. When a person touches an object, a moist impression of the friction ridge pattern is left on that object. The phrase latent fingerprint is generally used to refer to a fingerprint, or partial fingerprint, which has been left at the scene of a crime. The degree to which a latent fingerprint is visible depends on the nature of the object touched and the conditions at the time the object was touched. Impressions made on smooth non-porous surfaces such as metal, glass or plastics are sometimes visible to the naked eye. Such prints can be developed with powder that adheres to the moisture in the fingerprint. Powders that contrast in color with the background are used to make the fingerprint visible. The developed fingerprints are recorded by photography, and sometimes also by lifting the impression with adhesive tape. Impressions made on porous objects such as paper, cardboard and unfinished wood are generally invisible. These prints can be detected and developed with special lighting, lasers, x-rays and a range of chemical processes. Once developed, the fingerprint is generally recorded by photography. The amount and type of matter on fingers at the time an object is touched also affects the degree to which a latent print is visible. For example, if blood or paint are present on the skin when an object is touched, then the resultant fingerprints will be visible regardless of the nature of the surface. Try a cool experiment on latent fingerprints. Go to library.thinkquest.org/04oct/00206/text_i_experiments.htm#fing 6

7 Luminol Luminol Lights Up the Crime Much of crime scene investigation is based on the notion that nothing vanishes without a trace. This is particularly true of violent crime victims. A murderer can dispose of the victim s body and mop up the pools of blood, but without some heavy-duty cleaning chemicals, some evidence will remain. Tiny particles of blood will cling to most surfaces for years and years, without anyone ever knowing they re there. The basic idea of luminol is to reveal these traces with a light-producing chemical reaction between several chemicals and hemoglobin, an oxygen-carrying protein in the blood. The molecules break down and the atoms rearrange to form different molecules. In this particular reaction, the reactants (the original molecules) have more energy than the products (the resulting molecules). The molecules get rid of the extra energy in the form of visible light photons. This process, generally known as chemiluminescence, is the same phenomenon that makes fireflies and light sticks glow. 7 Investigators will spray a suspicious area, turn out all the lights and block the windows, and look for a bluish-green light. If there are any blood traces in the area, they will glow.

8 Ultraviolet Rays Ultraviolet Rays & Crime Solving Ultraviolet (UV) light is used in forensic investigations to authenticate paintings and signatures, to analyze questioned documents, to illuminate latent fingerprints at crime scenes and trace evidence on clothing, analyzing ink stains and revealing stains not visible to the naked eye. Body fluids give off fluorescent light when illuminated by a source of ultraviolet light. UV light can tell investigators how many kinds of ink were used on a forged document, and can detect fingerprints without disturbing the surface on which they were found. The energy produced by the sun is electromagnetic radiation with many different wavelengths. Only a small portion of these wavelengths are visible to the human eye. These visible wavelengths are seen as colors of the rainbow depending on the wavelength. Red has the longest visible wavelength and violet has the shortest visible wavelength. When all the waves are seen together, they make white light. Waves longer than those seen as red, are called infrared. Waves shorter than violet are called ultraviolet. Ultraviolet light comes in different lengths too. Short wave ultraviolet light is used to kill bacteria, hasten chemical reactions and can be used to identify some fluorescent minerals. UV light has shorter wavelengths than violet light. It cannot be seen by the human eye. Some animals, including birds, reptiles, and insects such as bees, can see into the near ultraviolet. Many fruits, flowers, and seeds stand out more strongly from the background in ultraviolet wavelengths as compared to human color vision. Many birds have patterns in their plumage that are invisible at usual wavelengths but seen in ultraviolet. Although invisible to humans, UV light has many of the properties of normal sunlight. UV light can cause sunburn, hurt the eyes and even cause discoloration of material dyed with organic dyes. Some UV light is absorbed by the ozone in atmosphere, but some of the UV light still reaches Earth and can cause damage to the skin. COOL EXPERIMENT FOR CURIOUS KIDS Ultraviolet Light You will need: 2 plastic glasses, tonic water, tap water, a marker, and black paper. Fill one plastic cup with tonic water and one with tap water almost to the brim and label them. Place the cups in direct sunlight. For best results, do this experiment in the middle of the day. Hold a piece of black paper or cloth behind the cups. Look across the surface of the tonic water and tap water through the sides of the glasses. There should be a blue glow on the surface of the tonic water from the ultra-violet light in sunlight. When ultra-violet light is absorbed by the Quinine in tonic water, it is re-emitted as visible light (the blue fluorescence seen on the surface of the tonic water). There should be a small amount of blue fluorescence any time ultra-violet light is present, but it is much easier to see around noon on a sunny day. Try more cool forensic science experiments. Go to article.asp?ai=1227&bhcd2=

9 electricity COOL EXPERIMENT FOR CURIOUS KIDS Runaway Cola Can This experiment helps develop scientific inquiry skills and investigates the properties of static charge. You will need a balloon and 2 cola cans (1 empty and 1 full). IF YOU WANT TO UNDERSTAND ELECtRICITY, you first need to know a little about matter, atoms, and electrons. Matter is anything that takes up space or has mass. Everything you can touch is made of matter. Atoms are the very small building blocks of matter. Everything you touch is matter and is made up of atoms (lots and lots of atoms!). These very small atoms are made up of an even smaller nucleus and one or more small electrons circling the nucleus. The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons (which have a positive charge) and neutrons (which have no overall charge). Electrons always have a negative ( - ) electric charge, and it is this electric charge that is responsible for what we call electricity. Blow up a balloon and rub the balloon on your head to build up a charge. Place an empty cola can (aluminum) horizontally on a smooth surface and slowly bring the charged balloon close to the can. What happens? Repeat steps 1 and 2 using a full can of cola. What happened this time and why? Rub the balloon on your head again. Hold the balloon. Do not set it down. With your other hand, pick up and rub the empty cola can on your head. Place the empty cola can horizontally on the smooth surface and slowly bring the balloon near the can. What happened? Make a drawing of the scientific properties behind this investigation using the following terms: static, charge, positive (+), negative (-), attract, and repel. DID YOU KNOW that electricity has no color, weight, size or smell? 9

10 DID YOU KNOW electrons jump? Electrons don t really race from one end of the wire to the other like sprinters at a track meet, they jump from one atom to another, pushing other electrons in front of them as they go. They really behave more like runners in a relay race, passing along the baton (electrical energy) from one atom to the next. The electrons don t actually travel very fast, but the electrical energy that they create travels at the speed of light! Remember that electrons carry a negative electrical charge. When electrons move from one place to another they take that negative charge with them. It is this movement of charge that we refer to as electricity! So if you can get a bunch of electrons to cooperate and all head in the same direction, you ve got electricity! This movement or flow of electrons is called an electric current. We often find electrical currents inside wires that conduct electricity. Conductors are materials that contain many freely moving electrical charges (like copper, silver, aluminum, and gold). Insulators are materials that contain few moveable electric charges (like plastic, glass, rubber, and air). How do the electrons start moving in the first place to make this electric current? SAFETY CHECK electricity Do not play with electricity. Do not place objects on top of electrical cords or wires because the wires may be damaged. When using electrical devices, follow all instructions. When you remove a plug from a wall outlet, make sure you grasp the plug; do not pull on the cord. Electrons move along a path called a circuit if a pushing force (a source of electricity) is part of the circuit. Sources include things like batteries, wall outlets, and solar panels. While the electrons are moving through the conductors, the circuit is complete, or closed. If any part of the circuit is removed, the electrons stop and the circuit is open. You ve probably opened and closed circuits before without ever realizing it: When you turn the lights on or off, you are closing or opening a circuit! 10 DID YOU KNOW that if you put a million electrons side-by-side in a straight line they would just barely stretch across the head of a pin?

11 What is DNA? Every cell in every living thing (or organism) has DNA, a molecule that contains all the information about that organism. Building on research by others before them, the structure of DNA was discovered in 1953 by the British scientist Francis Crick and the American scientist James Watson. Lengths of connected DNA molecules, called genes, are tiny pieces of a code. They determine what each organism is like in great detail. Almost all the DNA and genes come packaged in thread-like structures called chromosomes--humans have 46. There are 22 almost identical pairs, plus the X and Y chromosomes, which determine if a human is male (one X chromosome and one Y chromosome) or female (two X chromosomes). Genes are passed on from parents to children, and no two organisms (except clones and identical twins) have the same DNA. Many things--the color of our eyes or hair, whether we re tall or short, our chances of getting certain diseases--depend on the genes we get from our parents. DNA Fingerprints DNA is located in each of your cells, including your blood, saliva, hair follicles, and skin. No one else has a DNA pattern exactly like yours. For these reasons, DNA evidence can be collected from skin or hair collected a crime scene and then be linked to a suspect. Scientists can analyze the exact makeup of the two sets of DNA, and if they are identical, chances are that they are from the same person. Cells from a person at a crime scene can be evidence enough to convince a jury that that person was present at the crime. DNA evidence is also helping show that some wrongly accused and convicted people are innocent. Since 1992, DNA evidence has helped reverse at least 78 convictions (including 10 cases where the death penalty was involved). In January 2001, a man imprisoned for murder in Texas was released because of DNA tests. Another man, sentenced to death for a murder in Virginia in 1982, was set free in February. New evidence based on DNA tests cleared him of the crime. Find more cool facts, plus puzzles, games and quizzes, Go to 11

12 eyewitness Composite COOL EXPERIMENT FOR CURIOUS KIDS Eyewitness Composite Composites are drawing made from eyewitness testimony about what a suspect looked like. The witness describes the suspects features and a forensic artist makes a picture. Here s an experiment to see if you would make a good witness. You will need: magazines and scissors. Find a variety of different magazines and cut out pictures of different people s faces (try to make these of a similar size) - ensure the faces are whole, including mouth, nose, eyes, face and hair. Cut each face up into the separate facial features and mix these up. Ask your partner to make a face out of these bits and pieces, then take 10 seconds to try remembering it. Replace the chosen facial pieces back amongst the pile of other nose, mouths and eyes etc. Now try to remake the same picture your partner showed you. Teachers may want to have a contest to determine who can make the most accurate composites. 12

13 the polygraph test What most of us call a lie detector is technically referred to as a polygraph test. The polygraph is an instrument that measures and records several physiological responses such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, breathing rhythms, body temperature and skin conductivity while the subject is asked and answers a series of questions, on the theory that false answers will produce distinctive measurements. Not everyone agrees on the accuracy of the polygraph test, and its results are not always admissible in court. 13 Want to become a CSI? Find out how. Go to

14 still curious? MORE GO TO WEBSITES FOR CURIOUS KIDS Try Science Dozens of experiments in areas such as chemistry, biology, math and engineering, many of which can be done on and offline, and some very cool games. Resources for parents and teachers, too. How stuff works science.howstuffworks.com/ Covers all sorts of interesting topics. Science section includes space, earth science, life science and even paranormal science. Science News for kids Helps kids, middle school age and older stay up-to-date on scientific trends. CSI the experience For kids 14 and older. The highly interactive experience teams you up with favorite characters from the hit TV show, CSI. They guide you through science and techniques for processing crime scenes and solving cases. 14

15 We need your feedback to make our Education Programs even better! Please take a moment to complete this form and either return it to the Sandler Center for the Performing Arts Education Department, 220 Boush Street, Norfolk, VA 23517, fax it to (757) or your answers to education@sandlercenter.org. 1. Complete form 2. Attach or include student work (optional) 3. Return both to Sandler Center Education Department by mail, fax, or . Education Event: (please check) Matinee In-School Performance/Master Class How did your students respond to the performance? How did you prepare your students for this performance? Did you use the Teacher Information Packet and lessons? Which activities did you use? Were they helpful? Did students enjoy the materials? How did this performance contribute to experiential learning in your classroom? What role do the arts play in your school community? In your classroom? Feedback Form If you could change one thing about your experience, what would it be? Please include student work with this form, including letters, artwork, activity responses, and anything inspired by the performance. (Optional) Name: School: City: Would you like to be part of our database? Yes No

16 Coming Soon to the Sandler... Momix: Best of Momix Sunday, November 15, 2009 at 7:00pm American Boychoir Monday, December 7, 2009 at 7:30pm Camelot Tuesday, February 16, 2010 at 7:30pm Ballet Folklorico de Mexico de Amalia Hernandez Tuesday, February 23, 2010 at 7:30pm Monterey Jazz Festival on Tour Wednesday, February 24, 2010 at 7:30pm Call for more information on special ticket prices for students! Fold Fold Place stamp here Sandler Center for the Performing Arts Education Department 220 Boush Street Norfolk, VA Fold Fold Student education GUIDES Team Megan DiPaolo Education Director Lisa Hartz Research and Writing Lisa Dagley Page Design and Layout Photocopying and duplicating for educational purposes only. Student Education Guides. All rights reserved. 2009