PHOTOGRAPHY CAMERA SETUP PAGE 1 CAMERA SETUP MODE

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1 PAGE 1 MODE I would like you to set the mode to Program Mode for taking photos for my assignments. The Program Mode lets us choose specific setups for your camera (explained below), and I would like you to use those setups for my assignments. Once you set those setups, you only need to make sure that you set your camera to the Program Mode when you are taking photos for my assignments. The images below are all of an SLR camera, but other compact cameras should have those settings.

2 PAGE 2 ISO Once you are in the Program Mode, I would like you to set your ISO to the lowest (usually it is 100). The ISO determines the sensitivity of the sensor (with which images are taken). The higher the ISO, the less sensitive the sensor becomes, and the less sensitive the sensor becomes, the higher the quality of photos becomes. The downside of this is that the camera would require more time to take photos (because the sensor is less sensitive to the light, it needs more light, i.e. more time to be exposed to the light). In other words, shutter speeds would be slower. For my assignments, there are no assignments that require fast shutter speeds to take photos, so you can safely select slower shutter speeds with better quality photos. You should use a tripod when you have very slow shutter speeds, but there are times you don't have a tripod and still need to take photos. At such times, use a higher ISO but try to have the ISO number to have manageable shutter speeds (say, 1/60) to minimize the quality sacrifice.

3 PAGE 3 PHOTO QUALITY The photo quality needs to be set at the best quality. It is usually quantified by the number of pixels in a photo (eg. large, medium, small). When you take a beautiful photo, people will not question about the make of your camera (just like they will not question Henri Cartier-Bresson's camera choice; they will not wonder how his photos may be different given newer cameras). They will, however, question whether you have done everything to ensure that your photos will have the best quality with your camera (ISO, mode, aperture, focus, etc). Set the quality to be "Large" or the highest, and you would like to use JPEG instead of RAW.

4 PAGE 4 FOCUS When your camera (or phone camera) is in Automatic Mode, the camera determines where it should have a clear focus. I would like you to determine yourself what should be focused. In most cases, professionals or experienced photographers will focus at the center of the frame. In most cases, because of the utilization of the Rule of Thirds and the Principle of Unequal Spacing, the object that needs to be focused is rarely at the center of a frame. You would therefore lock the focus on the object and compose a frame. To lock the focus, you focus on the object by pressing and holding the shutter half-way down, and while you hold the shutter at that position, you compose a frame, then finally take a photo by pressing the shutter all the way down (

5 PAGE 5 METERING Just like focus, I would like you to determine metering (lighting or exposure) of photos. Just like we determine what needs to be focused in an image, we would also like to determine what should have the correct metering. In most cases, the object that is focused also should have the correct metering, so I would like you to set your camera to Spot Metering (at the same place as the focus point, which is at the center).

6 PAGE 6 NO FLASH None of my assignments require you to take photos with flash. Usually, in Program Mode, the flash is disabled, but if your camera uses flash in low light conditions, let me know.

7 PAGE 7 OTHER MODES There are basically three other modes: Manual (M), Shutter Priority (S or Tv), and Aperture Priority (A). Some of you may wish to use your camera using those modes. In which case, the same settings explained above for ISO, focus, and metering apply. The act of taking photos is basically determining how much light the camera should have for a given image. If you have too much light, the photo becomes white, and if you have too little light, the photo becomes black. The camera controls this with shutter speed (measured in seconds, eg. 1/15 - the slower the shutter speed, the more light the camera takes in) and/or with aperture (which is the opening of a lens, measured in F-number, eg. F4.5 the lower the F-number, the more open the lens, and the more open the lens, the more light the camera will have). In Automatic Mode and Program Mode, the camera determines the optimal shutter speed and the aperture for you. In Manual Mode (M), you can decide preferred shutter speed and aperture. In Shutter Priority Mode, (S or Tv) you can choose preferred shutter speeds in seconds, and the camera determines the optimal aperture for that shutter speed. In Aperture Priority Mode, (A) you can choose preferred aperture in F-numbers, and the camera determines the optimal shutter speed for that aperture. Some of my assignments require you to use Shutter Priority Mode (Photography 11) and Aperture Priority Mode (Photography 12), and this will be explained when we discuss those assignments. However, if you are interested in exploring those modes, you can ask for my assistance at any time as they are fairly straightforward.

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