EVALUATION OF RESOLVING POWER AND MTF OF DMC
|
|
- Daniel Waters
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 EVALUATION OF RESOLVING POWER AND MTF OF DMC E. Honkavaara 1, J. Jaakkola 1, L. Markelin 1, S. Becker 2 1 Finnish Geodetic Institute, Masala, Finland (eija.honkavaara, juha.jaakkola, lauri.markelin)@gi.i 2 University o Stuttgart, Institute or Photogrammetry, Stuttgart, Germany susanne.becker@ip.uni-stuttgart.de Commission I, WG I/4 KEY WORDS: Aerial Digital Camera, Calibration ield, CCD, Photogrammetry, Quality, Resolution ABSTRACT: The present article reports the results o an extensive empirical evaluation o spatial resolution o a digital large ormat Intergraph DMC sensor. The parameters o the study were light direction, ground sample distance (GSD) and the distance rom the image center. The key inding o the study was that the resolution o the DMC panchromatic large-ormat image was clearly dependent on the distance rom the image center. One reason or this behavior is that the DMC large-ormat image is composed o our oblique images; the resolution o the oblique images is reduced towards the image border due to the scale reduction and projective distortion. From the image pixel size o 12 µm o DMC, a nominal resolving power value (RP) 84 lines/mm can be derived. Maximal resolution reduction actors in the image corners, caused by the image tilt, were 1.6 in the cross-light direction and 1.4 in the light direction. The distance rom the image center did not appear to aect the resolution o the low-resolution multi-spectral images looking towards nadir. The observed MTFs indicated attractive behavior. The AWAR values o the panchromatic images were between 61 and 71 lines/mm, which is times the nominal RP-value. Other important indings were the eects o GSD and light direction on the resolution; these properties evidently characterize the behavior o the entire photogrammetric system tested. The image restoration by a linear restoring inite impulse response ilter provided a constant resolution improvement actor o INTRODUCTION A key quality component o the photogrammetric sensors is spatial resolution. In the case o digital sensors, the pixel size limits the spatial resolution attainable. However, in practice the nominal resolution is seldom achieved due to blur and noise caused by many actors. Key actors aecting the image resolution are the camera (e.g. optic, CCD, orward motion compensation), the system (e.g. mount, camera port glass), the light actors (e.g. light altitude, light velocity, aperture, exposure), atmosphere and object actors (e.g. sun height, air turbulence, visibility) and data post processing (Hakkarainen, 1986; Read & Graham, 22). Due to the large number o actors involved, it is crucial to test the perormance o the entire photogrammetric production line empirically. In the case o the DMC, undamental actors aecting sensor resolution are the properties o the CCD, the optics, the TDI orward motion compensation, the resampling process where the large-ormat panchromatic images are generated rom oblique medium-ormat images, and the pansharpening process o the multi-spectral images. (Hinz et al., 2; Tang et al., 2) The objective o this study is to investigate the resolution o the Intergraph DMC digital large-ormat photogrammetric sensor. The results are o importance or the urther development o test ield based calibration methods, or the understanding o the perormance o the digital sensors, or the selection o appropriate GSDs or practical mapping tasks, and or evaluating the perormance o the photogrammetric system. The test set up is described in Section 2. The results are given in Section 3 and the most important indings are summarized in Section DMC test lights 2. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY DMC test lights were perormed at the permanent Sjökulla test ield o the Finnish Geodetic Institute (FGI) (Kuittinen et al., 1994; Kuittinen et al., 1996; Ahokas et al., 2; Honkavaara et al., 26) on September 1-2, 25. The test lights were perormed in co-operation with the National Land Survey o Finland (NLS). The survey aircrat was the OH-ACN belonging to the NLS (Rockwell Turbo Commander 69A turbo twinpropeller aircrat with a pressurized cabin and two camera holes). The weather conditions during the campaign were excellent. The DMC was mounted on a T-AS gyro-stabilized suspension mount. Images with 5 cm and 8 cm ground sample distance (GSD) were studied (,, ; Table 1). Two similar blocks with 8 cm GSD were collected in consecutive days. Resolution targets were located in dierent parts o the image (Figure 1). The raw images collected were processed using DMC Post processing sotware (Version 4.5). Only linear tonal transormations were applied in the image processing; 16 bit/pixel images were used. Analog reerence images were collected simultaneously by a RC2 belonging to the NLS (the exposures were not synchronized). Panchromatic and color ilms, and a 15 mm wide-angle optic were used. The camera mount was a PAV 11A-E (not gyro-stabilized) and FMC was applied. The ilms were scanned by a Leica Geosystems DSW 6 scanner with a 15 µm pixel size and 8 bit/pixel pixel depth. 2.2 Methods A permanent dense bar target and a portable Siemens star were used to evaluate the spatial resolution. The dense bar target is a 4-bar square-wave target (Figure 2) made o gravel. The target is aligned in two perpendicular directions. The widths o the
2 Table 1. Test blocks (n/a=not available due to missing metadata) Block Date Time 1:25-11:14 11:24-11:53 9:56-1:9 GSD (cm) Optic (mm) Flying speed (m/s) n/a Exposure (ms) 6.3* 6.* n/a -stop n/a Flying height (m) Scale 1:4167 1:6667 1: 6667 Swath width (m) Overlaps (%) p=q=6 p=8, q=6 p=8, q=6 *) Automatic exposure, average c Direction o light Figure 2. Dense resolution bar target. Direction o resolution measurement: c: cross-light, : light. Figure 3. Portable Siemens star on ground and with 4 cm, 8 cm, 25 cm and 5 cm GSD. Direction o resolution evaluation c: cross light, : light; lying direction is rom let to right or right to let. c Figure 1. Distribution o resolution targets on images. bars varies rom 3 cm to 12 cm, and the bar width increment is 6 2 ( 12%). In this study, the low contrast target (contrast 1:2) was used. The portable Siemens star (a semicircle) has 1º sectors and a 6.8 m radius; the maximum sector width is 1 m (Figure 3). Contrast is 1:5-1:11, depending on the wavelength. The resolution evaluation was based on the resolving power (RP) and the modulation transer unction (MTF). The resolution was measured in the light and in the cross-light directions. In order not to reduce the quality o the analysis by subjective interpretation, highly automated methods have been implemented in the FGI s own RESOL sotware or the measurement o bar targets and Siemens star. RESOL version 3..4 was used in the study Measurement o bar targets. In the irst RESOL version, the RP was calculated rom microdensitometer proiles (Kuittinen et al., 1996; Ahokas et al., 2) but nowadays 8 or 16 bit/pixel digital images are used. Several types o bar targets with dierent combinations o line width, space and number can be measured. Ater loading the image, the position o the center proile o the test target is marked. Because the target is typically slightly rotated, the intensity values o the proile points are calculated using bilinear interpolation. The required number o parallel proiles is then generated at a distance o one pixel rom the neighboring proile. The program locates iteratively the maximum and minimum points on each proile using also geometric constraints set by the dimensions o the target on the ground. A certain requency on a proile is accepted as recognized i: 1. All minimum and maximum points o the requency are ound to be in correct geometry, and 2. The dierence between means o maximum and minimum values exceeds the combined standard deviation o maximum and minimum values multiplied by a parameter value. The parameter can be deined empirically by comparing results with visually deined values. A commonly used value is 2. A requency is regarded as recognized i it is accepted on more than 5% o all proiles. Finally, the MTF curves are calculated rom the same proiles using equations 1-3, i necessary. The RP, true ground sample distance (TGSD; width o the smallest detectable line on ground), and area weighted average resolution (AWAR; Ahokas et al. 2) are calculated on the basis o the highest recognized requency MTF determination rom Siemens star. The method in the RESOL sotware is based on the Stuttgart method described by Becker et al. (25, 26). First o all, the contrast transer unction (CTF) is obtained as the quotient o the image and the object modulations (M): I max I min M = (1) I + I max M image CTF = (2) M object The object modulation is obtained rom the image using minimum and maximum values rom a suiciently large area o the background and object materials. As the targets are square wave targets, the CTF is transormed to MTF by series conversion (Coltman 1954). Typically the observed MTF is evaluated. For the urther analyses a Gaussian shape unction is itted to the obtained MTF data (Becker et al., 25; 26): 2 2 σ MTF 2π K MTF e, (3) where K is the requency in cycles/pixel. min 2
3 Ater measuring an approximate center point o the Siemens star, the RESOL sotware perorms the ollowing steps to determine the MTF: 1. Deines the radius o the star and creates circular intensity proiles. 2. Locates the edge points between white and black sectors. 3. Calculates straight lines or edges and the center point as the intersection o these lines. 4. Collects intensity data rom bisections o the sectors. 5. Calculates MTF rom selected sectors (vertical and horizontal sector pairs or quarter circle). 6. Fits the Gaussian shape unction to the observed MTF. Parameters are σ PSF (or σ MTF ) and an additional scaling actor to compensate or the missing -requency value. p s 1 k α β 2 α h x = h cos β s cos( α + β ) k p k α2 = arctan( ); β = arctan( ); s s 2 1 sin( β α2) sin(9 α α ) 2 1 = cos β In this study, the MTF was calculated or sector pairs in light and cross-light directions, and or all directions using a quarter o the Siemens star (the sector pairs aligned in the light direction, perpendicular to light direction, and between these). From the MTF, various measures o resolution can be derived. In this study, the standard deviation o the Gaussian shape point-spread unction (σ PSF ; Becker et al., 25; 26) and 1% MTF (an estimate o the RP-value) were used Image restoration. Resolution evaluation and restoration o the high-resolution panchromatic images was perormed at the Institute o Photogrammetry at Stuttgart. The methods are described in detail by Becker et al. (25, 26). 3. RESULTS Figure 4. Geometry o a tilted camera. α=tilt angle, h=lying height, p=pixel size in image, =ocal length, k=image side length/2, x=size o image pixel on image border on ground. y x x 3.1 Theoretical expectations The large-ormat panchromatic image o size 768 x pixels (92.16 mm x mm) is composed o our mediumormat images o size 496 x 7168 pixels ( mm x mm), which are collected by our divergent cameras. The approximate tilt angles o the sub images are 1 in light direction (x direction) and 2 in cross-light direction (y direction). The pixel size is 12 µm and the ocal length is 12 mm. Four lowresolution multi-spectral channels having a pixel size 4 times larger than the panchromatic images are collected using our cameras o size 3k x 2k pixels looking towards nadir. Highresolution multi-spectral images are provided by pansharpening. (Hinz et al. 2; Tang et al. 2). The 12 µm pixel size gives a nominal RP value o 84 lines/mm. In reality the resolution is not constant in the area o the large ormat virtual image, which is constructed o oblique component images. The image scale decreases with the increasing distance rom the image center as shown in Figure 4. Assuming tilt along one axis only, the size o a pixel in the image border on the ground (x) is obtained rom the geometrical relationships (Figure 4). The resolution reduction actor in the border o the component image is 1.5 in the y direction and 1.1 in the x direction. The reduction is larger in the y direction because o the larger tilt angle and the larger image width. In reality, the sensor is tilted along both the x and y axis, so the relationship is more complicated. The scale reduction actors in the area o one component image in x and y directions are shown in Figure 5. The igure was provided by projecting a regular grid rom object to image and comparing the distances o the points to nominal distances calculated by the nominal scale. The actor between the nominal and true scales is Figure 5. Formation o the large ormat panchromatic image (let). Resolution reduction actors in x (center) and y-directions (right) or the top-let component image. between.9 and 1.6 in the cross-light direction and between.9 and 1.4 in the light direction. These reduction actors and the 12 µm pixel size lead to a resolution o between 53 and 84 lines/mm in the cross-light direction and between 6 and 84 lines/mm in the light direction. 3.2 MTF Figure 6 gives the observed MTFs in line pairs per pixel () o 13 images o block in all, lying, and crosslight directions. The observed MTFs are given in order not to smooth details; data points are presented in Figure 8. Dierences appeared in the MTFs o various images and the behavior was similar with 8 cm GSD. These dierences were caused mainly by resolution dierences. Some instability appeared especially on the MTFs o sector pairs; the instabilities were mainly caused by the topography o the object. Despite this, the MTFs o DMC appeared to show attractive behavior. The downall o the MTF at a requency o.4 indicated that the system resolution was lower than the nominal resolution (.5 ). Figure 7 shows the eect o GSD on the resolution (average all, light and cross-light direction MTFs). The MTFs o two blocks with 8 cm GSD were practically the same. The MTF o the 5 cm GSD block was slightly worse than that o the 8 cm GSD blocks.
4 1.2 All directions 1.2 Fight direction 1.2 Cross-light direction Figure 6. Observed MTFs or 13 images o block. Let to right: all, lying, and cross-light direction. 1.2 All directions 1.2 Flight direction 1.2 Cross-light direction Figure 7. Average MTFs. Evaluation the eect o GSD. Let to right: all, lying, and cross-light direction All c All c All c Figure 8. Average MTFs. Evaluation o the eect o lying direction. Let to right:,, and. Figure 8 shows the eect o light direction on the resolution (average MTFs). In each case the MTF was the best in the cross-light direction and the worst in the light direction. In these plots the data points that created the MTFs are also given. The object modulation was obtained rom the Siemens star itsel, which is the correct approach only i the GSD is small enough. With too large GSDs, the MTFs become optimistically biased. With an 8 cm GSD, the widest sectors were 12.5 pixels and with a 5 cm GSD the widest sectors were 2 pixels, which should be suicient. The scale parameter estimated in the MTF calculation should also compensate or this problem. 3.3 Resolving power The RP values were derived both rom the bar targets and rom the Siemens star (1% MTF). The RP values in the light and cross-light directions are shown or each block as a unction o the distance rom the image center in Figure 9. Approximate theoretical resolutions are presented or the light and crosslight directions (linear unctions between minimum and maximum expected RP values; Section 3.1). It appeared that the distance rom the image center radically aected the resolution. Central reasons or this behavior are the ormation o the large ormat image rom oblique component images and possibly also the decrease o the lens resolution towards the image border. Extensive empirical tests with analog systems have shown similar dependence on the radial distance, but at least partly or dierent reasons (e.g. Hakkarainen 1986). Comparison to simultaneous analog images indicated quite similar RP values, but the general MTF perormance o the DMC was more attractive. AWAR values are given in Table 2. For instance, the bar targets gave AWAR values o between 61 and 71 lines/mm. AWAR values in the light direction were lines/mm and in the cross-light direction lines/mm. The ollowing average reduction actors rom the nominal resolution could be derived: GSD 5 cm: light: 1.5, cross-light: 1.3 GSD 8 cm: light: 1.3, cross-light: 1.2 On average, the RP values given by the bar targets were 1% higher than the 1% MTF values. The dierences between individual images were airly large, but the average values and general trends were consistent. With 8 cm GSD, the limited size o the bar target caused diiculties or automatic measurement (widest lines were 12 cm).
5 Siemens, : y = x R2 =.521 c: y = x R2 =.1145 c Theor_ Theor_c Linear (c) Linear () Siemens, : y = x R2 =.6442 c: y = x R2 =.728 c Theor_ Theor_c Linear (c) Linear () Siemens, : y = -.413x R2 =.5859 c: y = x R2 =.7763 c Theor_ Theor_c Linear () Linear (c) Bar target, : y = x R2 =.7981 c: y = x R2 =.3424 c Theor_ Theor_c Linear (c) Linear () Bar target, c: y = -.76x R2 =.2 : y = -.513x R2 =.5273 c Theor_ Theor_c Linear (c) Linear () Bar target, c Theor_ Theor_c Linear (c) Linear () 4 : y = -.37x R 2 = c: y = -.397x R2 = Figure 9. Resolving power measurements as the unction o the distance rom the image center. Top: 1%MTF rom Siemens star, Down: RP rom dense bar target. Blocks rom let to right:,,. (: resolution in light direction, c: resolution in cross-light direction) 3.4 Resolution o non-pansharpened color images The MTFs o the non-pansharpened color images were evaluated using the Siemens star. Data rom the block was used; the GSD was thus 2 cm. The 1% MTF values are given as a unction o the location in Figure 1. The location did not appear to aect the resolution o the color images. The color images had distinctly higher RP-values than the panchromatic images. The green and blue bands had the best resolution (approx. 85 lines/mm) while the red channel had the worst resolution (approx. 8 lines/mm). Resolution o the color images was slightly better in the cross-light direction than in the light direction. It is possible that the values were optimistically biased because the.2 m GSD is relatively large or the Siemens star used in this study (Section 3.2). 3.5 Image restoration The images were restored using the methods described by Becker et al. (25, 26). Eects o the image restoration on the σ PSF are shown in Figure 11. The restoration resulted in a constant resolution improvement, which was similar or each test block. On average, the σ PSF values o the restored images were better than those o the original images by a actor o 1.4. Table 2. Average resolution (direction : light, c: cross-light). AWAR (lines/mm) Siemens Bar AWAR_ (lines/mm) Siemens Bar AWAR_c (lines/mm) Siemens Bar Average σ PSF All (pixel) Flight Cross-light SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The resolution o an Intergraph DMC large-ormat photogrammetric camera was studied using extensive empirical test light data. The parameters o the study were the light direction, the lying height and the distance rom the image center. The analysis showed that the resolution o the large-ormat panchromatic images was dependent on the distance rom the image center. One important reason or this behavior is that the component images are oblique, which causes smaller scale and reduces the resolution towards the image border. Also the reduction o the lens resolution towards the image borders can contribute to the phenomenon. Details o the lens MTFs would make more detailed analysis o the eect o various actors possible. The resolution o the vertical non-pansharpened color images was not aected by distance rom the image center. Evaluation o the eect o the lying direction showed that the resolution was worse in the light direction than in the crosslight direction. One possible reason or this could be a slight insuiciency o the orward motion compensation. The resolution appeared to improve with increasing GSD. The probable reason or this is that the image motion is relatively smaller when the GSD is larger. It is possible that these phenomena are related to the entire imaging system. The test lights were perormed using a low lying altitude with relatively high lying speed; dierent conditions might lead to dierent results. In the uture, ield calibration will be used increasingly to test and validate photogrammetric systems. It is important to include resolution evaluation in the ield calibration process. In this study, MTF, point spread unction, and resolving power were used as measures o quality. High eiciency and objectivity were achieved by automated measurement methods.
6 spsf (pixel) spsf (pixel) Red : y =.1263x c: y =.1318x c R2 =.448 R2 =.666 Linear (c) Linear () : y = -.174x R2 =.21 : y = -.33x R2 =.3246 Green c: y =.16x R2 = Blue c: y = -.47x R2 = : y =.1165x R2 =.13 NIR c: y =.2717x R2 =.2926 AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS c Linear (c) Linear () c Linear (c) Linear () c Linear (c) Linear () Figure 1. RP (1%MTF) o the color channels spsf, orig: y =.28x restor: y =.19x R2 =.2983 R2 = spsf, orig: y =.28x restor: y =.29x R2 =.525 R2 =.474 original restored Linear (original) Linear (restored) original restored Linear (original) Linear (restored) Figure 11. Eect o image restoration on σ PSF. E. Honkavaara designed the empirical tests, supervised the development o the methods at the FGI, perormed most o the analysis and compiled the text. J. Jaakkola is the author o the RESOL sotware (Section 2.2), and he perormed all the empirical measurements at the FGI and participated in the data analysis. L. Markelin took care o the processing o the DMC images and helped to develop the MTF method (Section 2.2.2). S. Becker gave the details o the Stuttgart method or MTF determination, which ormed the basis o the MTF method (Section 2.2.2), and perormed the empirical study in Section 3.5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The test lights were perormed in co-operation with the National Land Survey o Finland (NLS), whose support and valuable comments are greatly appreciated. Particularly the assistance given by several individuals at the FGI is appreciated. Intergraph is acknowledged or their comments concerning the results and or providing inormation on technical details o the DMC. REFERENCES Ahokas E., Kuittinen R., Jaakkola J, 2. A system to control the spatial quality o analog and digital aerial images. International Archives o Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 33. Pp Becker, S., Haala, N., Reulke, R., 25. Determination and Improvement o Spatial Resolution or Digital Aerial Images. In proceedings o ISPRS Hannover Workshop High-Resolution Earth Imaging or Geospatial Inormation. On CD. Becker, S., Haala, N., Honkavaara, E., Markelin, L., 26. Image restoration or resolution improvement o digital aerial images: A comparison o large ormat digital cameras. This proceedings. Coltman, J. W., The speciication o image properties by response to sine wave input, Journal o the Optical Society o America, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp Hakkarainen, J., Resolving power o aerial photographs. Surveying Science in Finland, 1986, no. 2, pp Hinz, A., Dörstel, C., Heier, H., 2. Digital Modular Camera: System Concept and Data Processing Worklow. International Archives o Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol 33, Part B2, pp Honkavaara, E., Jaakkola, J., Markelin, L., Peltoniemi, J., Ahokas, E., Becker, S., 26. Complete photogrammetric system calibration and evaluation in the Sjökulla test ield case study with DMC, Proceedings o EuroSDR Commission I and ISPRS Working Group 1/3 Workshop EuroCOW 26, CD-ROM, 6 pages. Kuittinen R., Ahokas E., Högholen A., Laaksonen J, Test-ield or Aerial Photography. The Photogrammetric Journal o Finland. Vol. 14, No 1, pp Kuittinen, R,. Ahokas, E., Järvelin, P., Transportable testbar targets and microdensitometer measurements a method to control the quality o aerial imagery. International Archives o Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 31, Part B1, pp Read, R.E, Graham, R.W., (22). Manual o Air Survey: Primary Data Acquisition. Whittles Publishing, Caithness, 48 p.
CALIBRATING DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AIRBORNE IMAGING SYSTEMS IN A TEST FIELD
CALIBRATING DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AIRBORNE IMAGING SYSTEMS IN A TEST FIELD Eija Honkavaara, Lauri Markelin, Eero Ahokas, Risto Kuittinen, Jouni Peltoniemi Finnish Geodetic Institute, Geodeetinrinne 2,
More informationTELLS THE NUMBER OF PIXELS THE TRUTH? EFFECTIVE RESOLUTION OF LARGE SIZE DIGITAL FRAME CAMERAS
TELLS THE NUMBER OF PIXELS THE TRUTH? EFFECTIVE RESOLUTION OF LARGE SIZE DIGITAL FRAME CAMERAS Karsten Jacobsen Leibniz University Hannover Nienburger Str. 1 D-30167 Hannover, Germany jacobsen@ipi.uni-hannover.de
More informationCamera Calibration Certificate No: DMC III 27542
Calibration DMC III Camera Calibration Certificate No: DMC III 27542 For Peregrine Aerial Surveys, Inc. #201 1255 Townline Road Abbotsford, B.C. V2T 6E1 Canada Calib_DMCIII_27542.docx Document Version
More informationPOTENTIAL OF LARGE FORMAT DIGITAL AERIAL CAMERAS. Dr. Karsten Jacobsen Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
POTENTIAL OF LARGE FORMAT DIGITAL AERIAL CAMERAS Dr. Karsten Jacobsen Leibniz University Hannover, Germany jacobsen@ipi.uni-hannover.de Introduction: Digital aerial cameras are replacing traditional analogue
More informationCamera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II
Calibration DMC II 230 015 Camera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II 230 015 For Air Photographics, Inc. 2115 Kelly Island Road MARTINSBURG WV 25405 USA Calib_DMCII230-015_2014.docx Document Version 3.0
More informationCamera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II
Calibration DMC II 140-036 Camera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II 140-036 For Midwest Aerial Photography 7535 West Broad St, Galloway, OH 43119 USA Calib_DMCII140-036.docx Document Version 3.0 page
More informationCamera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II
Calibration DMC II 140-005 Camera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II 140-005 For Midwest Aerial Photography 7535 West Broad St, Galloway, OH 43119 USA Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page
More informationCamera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II
Calibration DMC II 230 027 Camera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II 230 027 For Peregrine Aerial Surveys, Inc. 103-20200 56 th Ave Langley, BC V3A 8S1 Canada Calib_DMCII230-027.docx Document Version 3.0
More informationPhase One 190MP Aerial System
White Paper Phase One 190MP Aerial System Introduction Phase One Industrial s 100MP medium format aerial camera systems have earned a worldwide reputation for its high performance. They are commonly used
More informationCamera Calibration Certificate No: DMC IIe
Calibration DMC IIe 230 23522 Camera Calibration Certificate No: DMC IIe 230 23522 For Richard Crouse & Associates 467 Aviation Way Frederick, MD 21701 USA Calib_DMCIIe230-23522.docx Document Version 3.0
More informationCamera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II Aero Photo Europe Investigation
Calibration DMC II 250 030 Camera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II 250 030 For Aero Photo Europe Investigation Aerodrome de Moulins Montbeugny Yzeure Cedex 03401 France Calib_DMCII250-030.docx Document
More informationCamera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II
Calibration DMC II 230 020 Camera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II 230 020 For MGGP Aero Sp. z o.o. ul. Słowackiego 33-37 33-100 Tarnów Poland Calib_DMCII230-020.docx Document Version 3.0 page 1 of 40
More informationEXAMPLES OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS PRODUCED FROM SPACE AND ACHIEVED ACCURACY CARAVAN Workshop on Mapping from Space, Phnom Penh, June 2000
EXAMPLES OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS PRODUCED FROM SPACE AND ACHIEVED ACCURACY CARAVAN Workshop on Mapping from Space, Phnom Penh, June 2000 Jacobsen, Karsten University of Hannover Email: karsten@ipi.uni-hannover.de
More informationHigh Resolution Sensor Test Comparison with SPOT, KFA1000, KVR1000, IRS-1C and DPA in Lower Saxony
High Resolution Sensor Test Comparison with SPOT, KFA1000, KVR1000, IRS-1C and DPA in Lower Saxony K. Jacobsen, G. Konecny, H. Wegmann Abstract The Institute for Photogrammetry and Engineering Surveys
More informationLeica ADS80 - Digital Airborne Imaging Solution NAIP, Salt Lake City 4 December 2008
Luzern, Switzerland, acquired at 5 cm GSD, 2008. Leica ADS80 - Digital Airborne Imaging Solution NAIP, Salt Lake City 4 December 2008 Shawn Slade, Doug Flint and Ruedi Wagner Leica Geosystems AG, Airborne
More informationChapters 1 & 2. Definitions and applications Conceptual basis of photogrammetric processing
Chapters 1 & 2 Chapter 1: Photogrammetry Definitions and applications Conceptual basis of photogrammetric processing Transition from two-dimensional imagery to three-dimensional information Automation
More informationGeometry perfect Radiometry unknown?
Institut für Photogrammetrie Geometry perfect Radiometry unknown? Photogrammetric Week 2011 Stuttgart Michael Cramer Institut für Photogrammetrie () Universität Stuttgart michael.cramer@.uni-stuttgart.de
More informationPROPERTY OF THE LARGE FORMAT DIGITAL AERIAL CAMERA DMC II
PROPERTY OF THE LARGE FORMAT DIGITAL AERIAL CAMERA II K. Jacobsen a, K. Neumann b a Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany jacobsen@ipi.uni-hannover.de b Z/I
More informationCALIBRATION OF OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS
CALIBRATION OF OPTICAL SATELLITE SENSORS KARSTEN JACOBSEN University of Hannover Institute of Photogrammetry and Geoinformation Nienburger Str. 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany jacobsen@ipi.uni-hannover.de
More informationOptical Performance of Nikon F-Mount Lenses. Landon Carter May 11, Measurement and Instrumentation
Optical Performance of Nikon F-Mount Lenses Landon Carter May 11, 2016 2.671 Measurement and Instrumentation Abstract In photographic systems, lenses are one of the most important pieces of the system
More informationDETERMINATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF SPATIAL RESOLUTION FOR DIGITAL ARIAL IMAGES
DETERMINATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF SPATIAL RESOLUTION FOR DIGITAL ARIAL IMAGES S. Becker a, N. Haala a, R. Reulke b a University of Stuttgart, Institute for Photogrammetry, Germany b Humboldt-University,
More informationCalibration Certificate
Calibration Certificate Digital Mapping Camera (DMC) DMC Serial Number: DMC01-0053 CBU Serial Number: 0100053 For MPPG AERO Sp. z. o. o., ul. Kaczkowskiego 6 33-100 Tarnow Poland System Overview Flight
More informationRADIOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLEIADES IMAGES
RADIOMETRIC AND GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PLEIADES IMAGES K. Jacobsen a, H. Topan b, A.Cam b, M. Özendi b, M. Oruc b a Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Photogrammetry and Geoinformation, Germany;
More informationNew metallic mesh designing with high electromagnetic shielding
MATEC Web o Conerences 189, 01003 (018) MEAMT 018 https://doi.org/10.1051/mateccon/01818901003 New metallic mesh designing with high electromagnetic shielding Longjia Qiu 1,,*, Li Li 1,, Zhieng Pan 1,,
More informationVolume 1 - Module 6 Geometry of Aerial Photography. I. Classification of Photographs. Vertical
RSCC Volume 1 Introduction to Photo Interpretation and Photogrammetry Table of Contents Module 1 Module 2 Module 3.1 Module 3.2 Module 4 Module 5 Module 6 Module 7 Module 8 Labs Volume 1 - Module 6 Geometry
More informationGeometry of Aerial Photographs
Geometry of Aerial Photographs Aerial Cameras Aerial cameras must be (details in lectures): Geometrically stable Have fast and efficient shutters Have high geometric and optical quality lenses They can
More informationANALYZING DMC PERFORMANCE IN A PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT
ANALYZING DMC PERFORMANCE IN A PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT J. Talaya, W. Kornus, R. Alamús, E. Soler, M. Pla, A. Ruiz Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya, 08038 Barcelona, Spain (julia.talaya, wolfgang.kornus,
More informationPRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE PORTABLE IMAGERY QUALITY ASSESSMENT TEST FIELD (PIQuAT) OF UAV IMAGERY FOR IMAGERY RECONNAISSANCE PURPOSES
PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM THE PORTABLE IMAGERY QUALITY ASSESSMENT TEST FIELD (PIQuAT) OF UAV IMAGERY FOR IMAGERY RECONNAISSANCE PURPOSES R. Dabrowski a, A. Orych a, A. Jenerowicz a, P. Walczykowski a, a
More informationVERIFICATION OF POTENCY OF AERIAL DIGITAL OBLIQUE CAMERAS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN JAPAN
VERIFICATION OF POTENCY OF AERIAL DIGITAL OBLIQUE CAMERAS FOR AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN JAPAN Ryuji. Nakada a, *, Masanori. Takigawa a, Tomowo. Ohga a, Noritsuna. Fujii a a Asia Air Survey Co. Ltd., Kawasaki
More informationAbstract Quickbird Vs Aerial photos in identifying man-made objects
Abstract Quickbird Vs Aerial s in identifying man-made objects Abdullah Mah abdullah.mah@aramco.com Remote Sensing Group, emap Division Integrated Solutions Services Department (ISSD) Saudi Aramco, Dhahran
More informationPhysics 142 Lenses and Mirrors Page 1. Lenses and Mirrors. Now for the sequence of events, in no particular order. Dan Rather
Physics 142 Lenses and Mirrors Page 1 Lenses and Mirrors Now or the sequence o events, in no particular order. Dan Rather Overview: making use o the laws o relection and reraction We will now study ormation
More informationDigital airborne cameras Status & future
Institut für Photogrammetrie ifp Digital airborne cameras Status & future Michael Cramer Institute for Photogrammetry, Univ. of Stuttgart Geschwister-Scholl-Str.24, D-70174 Stuttgart Tel: + 49 711 121
More informationUltraCam Eagle Prime Aerial Sensor Calibration and Validation
UltraCam Eagle Prime Aerial Sensor Calibration and Validation Michael Gruber, Marc Muick Vexcel Imaging GmbH Anzengrubergasse 8/4, 8010 Graz / Austria {michael.gruber, marc.muick}@vexcel-imaging.com Key
More informationINTENSITY CALIBRATION AND IMAGING WITH SWISSRANGER SR-3000 RANGE CAMERA
INTENSITY CALIBRATION AND IMAGING WITH SWISSRANGER SR-3 RANGE CAMERA A. Jaakkola *, S. Kaasalainen, J. Hyyppä, H. Niittymäki, A. Akujärvi Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Finnish Geodetic
More informationRADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF INTENSITY IMAGES OF SWISSRANGER SR-3000 RANGE CAMERA
The Photogrammetric Journal of Finland, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2008 Received 5.11.2007, Accepted 4.2.2008 RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF INTENSITY IMAGES OF SWISSRANGER SR-3000 RANGE CAMERA A. Jaakkola, S. Kaasalainen,
More informationRADIOMETRIC CAMERA CALIBRATION OF THE BiLSAT SMALL SATELLITE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS
RADIOMETRIC CAMERA CALIBRATION OF THE BiLSAT SMALL SATELLITE: PRELIMINARY RESULTS J. Friedrich a, *, U. M. Leloğlu a, E. Tunalı a a TÜBİTAK BİLTEN, ODTU Campus, 06531 Ankara, Turkey - (jurgen.friedrich,
More informationUltraCam and UltraMap An Update
Photogrammetric Week '15 Dieter Fritsch (Ed.) Wichmann/VDE Verlag, Belin & Offenbach, 2015 Wiechert, Gruber 45 UltraCam and UltraMap An Update Alexander Wiechert, Michael Gruber, Graz ABSTRACT When UltraCam
More informationDARK CURRENT ELIMINATION IN CHARGED COUPLE DEVICES
DARK CURRENT ELIMINATION IN CHARGED COUPLE DEVICES L. Kňazovická, J. Švihlík Department o Computing and Control Engineering, ICT Prague Abstract Charged Couple Devices can be ound all around us. They are
More informationECE5984 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and Related Technologies Fall Mohamed Essam Khedr. Channel Estimation
ECE5984 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and Related Technologies Fall 2007 Mohamed Essam Khedr Channel Estimation Matlab Assignment # Thursday 4 October 2007 Develop an OFDM system with the
More informationVexcel Imaging GmbH Innovating in Photogrammetry: UltraCamXp, UltraCamLp and UltraMap
Photogrammetric Week '09 Dieter Fritsch (Ed.) Wichmann Verlag, Heidelberg, 2009 Wiechert, Gruber 27 Vexcel Imaging GmbH Innovating in Photogrammetry: UltraCamXp, UltraCamLp and UltraMap ALEXANDER WIECHERT,
More informationLength-Sensing OpLevs for KAGRA
Length-Sensing OpLevs or KAGRA Simon Zeidler Basics Length-Sensing Optical Levers are needed in order to measure the shit o mirrors along the optical path o the incident main-laser beam with time. The
More informationEuroSDR project. Digital Camera Calibration. Michael Cramer. Presentation of project proposal
Institut für Photogrammetrie EuroSDR project Digital Camera Calibration Michael Cramer michael.cramer@.uni-stuttgart.de Presentation of project proposal 103 rd EuroSDR Science and Steering Committee Meetings
More informationCALIBRATING THE NEW ULTRACAM OSPREY OBLIQUE AERIAL SENSOR Michael Gruber, Wolfgang Walcher
CALIBRATING THE NEW ULTRACAM OSPREY OBLIQUE AERIAL SENSOR Michael Gruber, Wolfgang Walcher Microsoft UltraCam Business Unit Anzengrubergasse 8/4, 8010 Graz / Austria {michgrub, wwalcher}@microsoft.com
More informationGEOMETRIC RECTIFICATION OF EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ARCHIVES OF LANDSAT 1-3 MSS IMAGERY
GEOMETRIC RECTIFICATION OF EUROPEAN HISTORICAL ARCHIVES OF LANDSAT -3 MSS IMAGERY Torbjörn Westin Satellus AB P.O.Box 427, SE-74 Solna, Sweden tw@ssc.se KEYWORDS: Landsat, MSS, rectification, orbital model
More informationVisionMap Sensors and Processing Roadmap
Vilan, Gozes 51 VisionMap Sensors and Processing Roadmap YARON VILAN, ADI GOZES, Tel-Aviv ABSTRACT The A3 is a family of digital aerial mapping cameras and photogrammetric processing systems, which is
More informationA Study of Slanted-Edge MTF Stability and Repeatability
A Study of Slanted-Edge MTF Stability and Repeatability Jackson K.M. Roland Imatest LLC, 2995 Wilderness Place Suite 103, Boulder, CO, USA ABSTRACT The slanted-edge method of measuring the spatial frequency
More informationCALIBRATION OF IMAGING SATELLITE SENSORS
CALIBRATION OF IMAGING SATELLITE SENSORS Jacobsen, K. Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation, University of Hannover jacobsen@ipi.uni-hannover.de KEY WORDS: imaging satellites, geometry, calibration
More informationMULTISCALE HAAR TRANSFORM FOR BLUR ESTIMATION FROM A SET OF IMAGES
In: Stilla U et al (Eds) PIA. International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 38 (3/W22) MULTISCALE HAAR TRANSFORM FOR BLUR ESTIMATION FROM A SET OF IMAGES Lâmân
More informationA Universal Motor Performance Test System Based on Virtual Instrument
Sensors & Transducers 2014 by IFSA Publishing, S. L. http://www.sensorsportal.com A Universal Motor Perormance Test System Based on Virtual Instrument Wei Li, Mengzhu Li, Qiang Xiao School o Instrument
More informationRadiometric Calibration and Characterization of Large-format Digital Photogrammetric Sensors in a Test Field
Radiometric Calibration and Characterization of Large-format Digital Photogrammetric Sensors in a Test Field Lauri Markelin, Eija Honkavaara, Jouni Peltoniemi, Eero Ahokas, Risto Kuittinen, Juha Hyyppä,
More informationMEDIUM FORMAT CAMERA EVALUATION BASED ON THE LATEST PHASE ONE TECHNOLOGY
MEDIUM FORMAT CAMERA EVALUATION BASED ON THE LATEST PHASE ONE TECHNOLOGY T.Tölg a, G. Kemper b, D. Kalinski c a Phase One / Germany tto@phaseone.com b GGS GmbH, Speyer / Germany kemper@ggs-speyer.de c
More informationChapters 1-3. Chapter 1: Introduction and applications of photogrammetry Chapter 2: Electro-magnetic radiation. Chapter 3: Basic optics
Chapters 1-3 Chapter 1: Introduction and applications of photogrammetry Chapter 2: Electro-magnetic radiation Radiation sources Classification of remote sensing systems (passive & active) Electromagnetic
More informationSample Copy. Not For Distribution.
Photogrammetry, GIS & Remote Sensing Quick Reference Book i EDUCREATION PUBLISHING Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001 Website: www.educreation.in Copyright, 2017, S.S. Manugula, V.
More informationSoftware Defined Radio Forum Contribution
Committee: Technical Sotware Deined Radio Forum Contribution Title: VITA-49 Drat Speciication Appendices Source Lee Pucker SDR Forum 604-828-9846 Lee.Pucker@sdrorum.org Date: 7 March 2007 Distribution:
More informationJens Kremer ISPRS Hannover Workshop 2017,
Jens Kremer ISPRS Hannover Workshop 2017, 8.06.2017 Modular aerial camera-systems The IGI UrbanMapper 2-in1 concept System Layout The DigiCAM-100 module The IGI UrbanMapper Sensor geometry & stitching
More informationCEE 6100 / CSS 6600 Remote Sensing Fundamentals 1 Topic 4: Photogrammetry
CEE 6100 / CSS 6600 Remote Sensing Fundamentals 1 PHOTOGRAMMETRY DEFINITION (adapted from Manual of Photographic Interpretation, 2 nd edition, Warren Philipson, 1997) Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing:
More informationCHARACTERISTICS OF VERY HIGH RESOLUTION OPTICAL SATELLITES FOR TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING
CHARACTERISTICS OF VERY HIGH RESOLUTION OPTICAL SATELLITES FOR TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING K. Jacobsen Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Photogrammetry and Geoinformation jacobsen@ipi.uni-hannover.de Commission
More informationChapters 1-3. Chapter 1: Introduction and applications of photogrammetry Chapter 2: Electro-magnetic radiation. Chapter 3: Basic optics
Chapters 1-3 Chapter 1: Introduction and applications of photogrammetry Chapter 2: Electro-magnetic radiation Radiation sources Classification of remote sensing systems (passive & active) Electromagnetic
More informationON THE CREATION OF PANORAMIC IMAGES FROM IMAGE SEQUENCES
ON THE CREATION OF PANORAMIC IMAGES FROM IMAGE SEQUENCES Petteri PÖNTINEN Helsinki University of Technology, Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Finland petteri.pontinen@hut.fi KEY WORDS: Cocentricity,
More informationCHARACTERISTICS OF REMOTELY SENSED IMAGERY. Spatial Resolution
CHARACTERISTICS OF REMOTELY SENSED IMAGERY Spatial Resolution There are a number of ways in which images can differ. One set of important differences relate to the various resolutions that images express.
More informationCOMP 558 lecture 5 Sept. 22, 2010
Up to now, we have taken the projection plane to be in ront o the center o projection. O course, the physical projection planes that are ound in cameras (and eyes) are behind the center o the projection.
More informationPredicting the performance of a photodetector
Page 1 Predicting the perormance o a photodetector by Fred Perry, Boston Electronics Corporation, 91 Boylston Street, Brookline, MA 02445 USA. Comments and corrections and questions are welcome. The perormance
More informationINCREASING GEOMETRIC ACCURACY OF DMC S VIRTUAL IMAGES
INCREASING GEOMETRIC ACCURACY OF DMC S VIRTUAL IMAGES M. Madani, I. Shkolnikov Intergraph Corporation, Alabama, USA (mostafa.madani@intergraph.com) Commission I, WG I/1 KEY WORDS: Digital Aerial Cameras,
More informationAerial photography: Principles. Frame capture sensors: Analog film and digital cameras
Aerial photography: Principles Frame capture sensors: Analog film and digital cameras Overview Introduction Frame vs scanning sensors Cameras (film and digital) Photogrammetry Orthophotos Air photos are
More informationGeometric Analysis of DMC II 140
Geometric Analysis of DMC II 14 Karsten Jacobsen Leibniz Universität Hannover jacobsen@ipi.uni-hannover.de DMC II 14 Geometry determined by panchromatic camera Panchromatic camera: focal length: 92.52
More informationENHANCEMENT OF THE RADIOMETRIC IMAGE QUALITY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SCANNERS.
ENHANCEMENT OF THE RADIOMETRIC IMAGE QUALITY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SCANNERS Klaus NEUMANN *, Emmanuel BALTSAVIAS ** * Z/I Imaging GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany neumann@ziimaging.de ** Institute of Geodesy and
More informationAirborne or Spaceborne Images for Topographic Mapping?
Advances in Geosciences Konstantinos Perakis, Editor EARSeL, 2012 Airborne or Spaceborne Images for Topographic Mapping? Karsten Jacobsen Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Photogrammetry and Geoinformation,
More informationAdvanced Optical Satellite (ALOS-3) Overviews
K&C Science Team meeting #24 Tokyo, Japan, January 29-31, 2018 Advanced Optical Satellite (ALOS-3) Overviews January 30, 2018 Takeo Tadono 1, Hidenori Watarai 1, Ayano Oka 1, Yousei Mizukami 1, Junichi
More informationDECISION NUMBER FOURTEEN TO THE TREATY ON OPEN SKIES
DECISION NUMBER FOURTEEN TO THE TREATY ON OPEN SKIES OSCC.DEC 14 12 October 1994 METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE MINIMUM HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND LEVEL AT WHICH EACH VIDEO CAMERA WITH REAL TIME DISPLAY INSTALLED
More informationCriteria for Optical Systems: Optical Path Difference How do we determine the quality of a lens system? Several criteria used in optical design
Criteria for Optical Systems: Optical Path Difference How do we determine the quality of a lens system? Several criteria used in optical design Computer Aided Design Several CAD tools use Ray Tracing (see
More informationNUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF WHISKBROOM TYPE SCANNER IMAGES FOR ASSESSMENT OF OPEN SKIES TEST FLIGHTS
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF WHISKBROOM TYPE SCANNER IMAGES FOR ASSESSMENT OF OPEN SKIES TEST FLIGHTS Piotr Walczykowski, Wieslaw Debski Dept. of Remote Sensing and Geoinformation, Military University of Technology,
More informationRefractive Power of a Surface. Exposure Sources. Thin Lenses. Thick Lenses. High Pressure Hg Arc Lamp Spectrum
eractive Power o a Surace The reractive power P is measured in diopters when the radius is expressed in meters. n and n are the reractive indices o the two media. EE-57: icrofabrication n n P n n Exposure
More informationSection 2 Image quality, radiometric analysis, preprocessing
Section 2 Image quality, radiometric analysis, preprocessing Emmanuel Baltsavias Radiometric Quality (refers mostly to Ikonos) Preprocessing by Space Imaging (similar by other firms too): Modulation Transfer
More informationCalibration Report. Short Version. UltraCam L, S/N UC-L Vexcel Imaging GmbH, A-8010 Graz, Austria
Calibration Report Short Version Camera: Manufacturer: UltraCam L, S/N UC-L-1-00612089 Vexcel Imaging GmbH, A-8010 Graz, Austria Date of Calibration: Mar-23-2010 Date of Report: May-17-2010 Camera Revision:
More informationCOMPARISON OF INFORMATION CONTENTS OF HIGH RESOLUTION SPACE IMAGES
COMPARISON OF INFORMATION CONTENTS OF HIGH RESOLUTION SPACE IMAGES H. Topan*, G. Büyüksalih*, K. Jacobsen ** * Karaelmas University Zonguldak, Turkey ** University of Hannover, Germany htopan@karaelmas.edu.tr,
More informationDMC The Digital Sensor Technology of Z/I-Imaging
Hinz 93 DMC The Digital Sensor Technology of Z/I-Imaging ALEXANDER HINZ, CHRISTOPH DÖRSTEL, HELMUT HEIER, Oberkochen ABSTRACT Aerial cameras manufactured by Carl Zeiss have been successfully used around
More informationANALYSIS OF SRTM HEIGHT MODELS
ANALYSIS OF SRTM HEIGHT MODELS Sefercik, U. *, Jacobsen, K.** * Karaelmas University, Zonguldak, Turkey, ugsefercik@hotmail.com **Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation, University of Hannover,
More informationHIGH RESOLUTION COLOR IMAGERY FOR ORTHOMAPS AND REMOTE SENSING. Author: Peter Fricker Director Product Management Image Sensors
HIGH RESOLUTION COLOR IMAGERY FOR ORTHOMAPS AND REMOTE SENSING Author: Peter Fricker Director Product Management Image Sensors Co-Author: Tauno Saks Product Manager Airborne Data Acquisition Leica Geosystems
More informationPHOTOGRAMMETRIC RESECTION DIFFERENCES BASED ON LABORATORY vs. OPERATIONAL CALIBRATIONS
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RESECTION DIFFERENCES BASED ON LABORATORY vs. OPERATIONAL CALIBRATIONS Dean C. MERCHANT Topo Photo Inc. Columbus, Ohio USA merchant.2@osu.edu KEY WORDS: Photogrammetry, Calibration, GPS,
More informationMapping Cameras. Chapter Three Introduction
Chapter Three Mapping Cameras 3.1. Introduction This chapter introduces sensors used for acquiring aerial photographs. Although cameras are the oldest form of remote sensing instrument, they have changed
More informationThe Z/I Imaging Digital Aerial Camera System
Hinz 109 The Z/I Imaging Digital Aerial Camera System ALEXANDER HINZ, Oberkochen ABSTRACT With the availability of a digital camera, it is possible to completely close the digital chain from image recording
More informationLECTURE NOTES 2016 CONTENTS. Sensors and Platforms for Acquisition of Aerial and Satellite Image Data
LECTURE NOTES 2016 Prof. John TRINDER School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Telephone: (02) 9 385 5020 Fax: (02) 9 313 7493 j.trinder@unsw.edu.au CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Sensors and Platforms
More informationSTATUS REPORT OF THE EUROSDR PROJECT RADIOMETRIC ASPECTS OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AIRBORNE IMAGES
STATUS REPORT OF THE EUROSDR PROJECT RADIOMETRIC ASPECTS OF DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC AIRBORNE IMAGES E. Honkavaaraa a*, R. Arbiol b, L. Markelin a, L. Martinez b, M. Cramer c, I. Korpela d, S. Bovet e,
More informationCalibration Report. Short Version. Vexcel Imaging GmbH, A-8010 Graz, Austria
Calibration Report Short Version Camera: Manufacturer: UltraCam D, S/N UCD-SU-2-0039 Vexcel Imaging GmbH, A-8010 Graz, Austria Date of Calibration: Mar-14-2011 Date of Report: Mar-17-2011 Camera Revision:
More informationDefinition of light rays
Geometrical optics In this section we study optical systems involving lenses and mirrors, developing an understanding o devices such as microscopes and telescopes, and biological systems such as the human
More informationUltraCam and UltraMap Towards All in One Solution by Photogrammetry
Photogrammetric Week '11 Dieter Fritsch (Ed.) Wichmann/VDE Verlag, Belin & Offenbach, 2011 Wiechert, Gruber 33 UltraCam and UltraMap Towards All in One Solution by Photogrammetry ALEXANDER WIECHERT, MICHAEL
More informationEvaluating Commercial Scanners for Astronomical Images. The underlying technology of the scanners: Pixel sizes:
Evaluating Commercial Scanners for Astronomical Images Robert J. Simcoe Associate Harvard College Observatory rjsimcoe@cfa.harvard.edu Introduction: Many organizations have expressed interest in using
More informationCalibration Report. Short Version. UltraCam Eagle, S/N UC-E f210. Vexcel Imaging GmbH, A-8010 Graz, Austria
Calibration Report Short Version Camera: Manufacturer: Date of Calibration: Date of Report: Revision of Camera: Version of Report: UltraCam Eagle, S/N UC-E-1-00518105-f210 Vexcel Imaging GmbH, A-8010 Graz,
More informationGEO 428: DEMs from GPS, Imagery, & Lidar Tuesday, September 11
GEO 428: DEMs from GPS, Imagery, & Lidar Tuesday, September 11 Global Positioning Systems GPS is a technology that provides Location coordinates Elevation For any location with a decent view of the sky
More informationREVIEW OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF UAV SENSORS
REVIEW OF METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF UAV SENSORS A. Orych a * a Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry, Geodesy Institute, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Military
More informationThin Lens and Image Formation
Pre-Lab Quiz / PHYS 4 Thin Lens and Image Formation Name Lab Section. What do you investigate in this lab?. The ocal length o a bi-convex thin lens is 0 cm. To a real image with magniication o, what is
More informationRemote Sensing Platforms
Types of Platforms Lighter-than-air Remote Sensing Platforms Free floating balloons Restricted by atmospheric conditions Used to acquire meteorological/atmospheric data Blimps/dirigibles Major role - news
More informationAnnouncements. Focus! Thin Lens Models. New Topic. Intensity Image Formation. Bi-directional: two focal points! Thin Lens Model
Focus! Models Lecture #17 Tuesda, November 1 st, 2011 Announcements Programming Assignment #3 Is due a week rom Tuesda Midterm #2: two weeks rom Tuesda GTA survers: https://www.survemonke.com/r/shpj7j3
More informationRPAS Photogrammetric Mapping Workflow and Accuracy
RPAS Photogrammetric Mapping Workflow and Accuracy Dr Yincai Zhou & Dr Craig Roberts Surveying and Geospatial Engineering School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Background RPAS category and
More informationThe Basic Geometry Behind A Camera Lens And A Magnifying Glass
The Basic Geometry Behind A Camera Lens And A Magniying Glass by John Kennedy Mathematics Department Santa Monica College 1 Pico Blvd. Santa Monica, CA 45 rkennedy@ix.netcom.com THE BASIC GEOMETRY BEHIND
More informationBasics of Photogrammetry Note#6
Basics of Photogrammetry Note#6 Photogrammetry Art and science of making accurate measurements by means of aerial photography Analog: visual and manual analysis of aerial photographs in hard-copy format
More informationOpto Engineering S.r.l.
TUTORIAL #1 Telecentric Lenses: basic information and working principles On line dimensional control is one of the most challenging and difficult applications of vision systems. On the other hand, besides
More informationAUTOMATED IMAGE INTERPRETABILITY ASSESSMENT BY EDGE PROFILE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL TARGETS
AUTOMATED IMAGE INTERPRETABILITY ASSESSMENT BY EDGE PROFILE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL TARGETS Taejung Kim*, Associate Professor Jae-In Kim*, Undergraduate Student Dongwook Kim**, Researcher Jaehoon Jeong*, PhD
More informationABOUT FRAME VERSUS PUSH-BROOM AERIAL CAMERAS
ABOUT FRAME VERSUS PUSH-BROOM AERIAL CAMERAS Franz Leberl and Michael Gruber Microsoft Photogrammetry, 8010 Graz ABSTRACT When presenting digital large format aerial cameras to the interested community
More informationSAR AUTOFOCUS AND PHASE CORRECTION TECHNIQUES
SAR AUTOFOCUS AND PHASE CORRECTION TECHNIQUES Chris Oliver, CBE, NASoftware Ltd 28th January 2007 Introduction Both satellite and airborne SAR data is subject to a number of perturbations which stem from
More information