2D MEDIA. A Brief Overview of Drawing and Painting

Transcription

1 2D MEDIA A Brief Overview of Drawing and Painting

2 DRAWING Bull from the Hall of Bulls, Lascaux Cave, France, ca. 15,000 13,000 BCE Drawing is the result of running a marking tool over a surface to leave a line or mark. Drawing provides an immediate way to communicate through imagery. Drawing predates writing by at least 30,000 years.

3 DRAWING Three Categories of Drawing: 1. Sketches that record something seen, remembered, or imagined. 2. Plans or preparatory studies for other larger and more complex works. 3. Fully developed works of art. Fig 4.8 Michelangelo, Studies for the Libyan Sibyl. Receptive drawing

4 STUDY FOR PICASSO S GUERNICA Study for Guernica by Picasso. Figure 4.10 Projective drawing.

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6 DRAWING A work is considered a drawing (usually) if it is made with one of the following media: Dry Media: Pencil Silverpoint Charcoal Chalk (pastel or otherwise) Crayon (Pastel or otherwise) Liquid Media: Pen and ink Brush and ink Barry McGee. Untitled, Figure 4.27

7 DRAWING: PUSHING THE BOUNDARIES Edgar Degas, Woman Combing her Hair See also Figure 4.19 Christine Hiebert, Wall Drawing (detail), Blue adhesive tape. Figure 4.26

8 Drawing, like any skill, takes practice! Anyone can learn. Look at the difference two years made in van Gogh s techniques.

9 PAINTING The Queen of the arts. Drawing is often a natural prelude to painting, and painting is often drawing with paint. Paintings are art objects usually meant for public display. 9 out of 10 people imagine paintings when asked to imagine what art is. Ingres, La Comtesse d Haussonville, Oil on canvas

10 PAINTING: IMPORTANT TERMS Pigment: powdered color. Binder: sticky substance that holds pigments together. Vehicle: makes the paint into a liquid. Support: Item/surface being painted, a canvas, a vase, a wall, etc. Until the 19 th century, pigment was created by grinding rocks and minerals by hand into a powder.

11 PAINTING Paintings are often classified by the liquids that the pigment is mixed into. Encaustic (wax) Tempera (egg) Oil Acrylic (plastics) Watercolor Fayum mummy portraits, ca BCE. Made in Egypt during Roman rule.

12 PAINTING: TEMPERA Pigment is mixed into a binder of egg yolk. Pros: Allows artist to create delicate, precise lines. Cons: Dries very fast too fast to rework. No mistakes allowed! Filippo Lippi, Madonna and Child. Figure 5.4 Finished product has a matte appearance.

13 PAINTING: OILS Pigment mixed into a binder of oil. Pros: Rich, luminous color and shiny surfaces. Can be spread thin (glaze) or thick (impasto). Dries slowly. Cons: Dries slowly. Oil can yellow over time. Glaze: thin film of transparent color applied over a previously painted surface. Impasto: paste-like Madonna and Child with the Chancellor Rolin, Oil and tempra. Figure 5.6

14 A PAINTERLY APPROACH Impasto: A technique that highlights the thick, paste-like quality of oil paint. Provides actual texture and highlights brushwork. Rembrant van Rijn, Detail of a Self-Portrait. Figure 5.7

15 PAINTING: WATERCOLOR Pigment is mixed with water and a gum arabic binder. Pros: Often done on paper, works can be completed quickly, great for showing atmosphere and water. Cons: Can t be reworked. Too much paint can result in a muddy finished product. White areas must be left unpainted. John Singer Sargent, Corfu: The Terrace (See also Figure 6-14)

16 PAINTING: FRESCO Painting on plaster. Pigment is mixed with water. Lime in plaster is the binder. Fresco secco = dry fresco. The plaster dries and then paint applied. Pros: Artists can paint large surfaces at a time without worry about the plaster drying. Cons: Prone to flaking as seen in Egyptian tombs. Portrait of Queen Nefertari from her tomb, Egypt

17 FRESCO SECCO

18 BUON FRESCO Buon Fresco: true fresco on wet plaster. Pros: Paint is absorbed into wall and becomes one with it. Very Durable. Cons: Only small areas can be worked at a time because plaster has to be wet. Mistakes have to be chiseled off. Figure 16.1 Giotto, The Lamentation in the Arena Chapel, Padua Italy

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20 PAINTING: ACRYLIC Synthetic or natural pigments mixed with a plastic resin binder called acrylic polymer. Pros: Fast drying, countless colors, no fading or discoloration over time. (That we know of!) Can be used for airbrushing. Cheaper than oils. Cons: Don t layer or rework as well as oils. Audrey Flack, Wheel of Fortune, Oil over acrylic on canvas. Figure 5.12

21 AFTER LECTURE YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO: Describe the functions of drawing, painting, and printmaking. Identify the specific media and tools utilized when creating drawings and paintings visually and by written description. Discuss how the artists of the late 20 th and early 21 st centuries are using old media in new ways. Define the terms as outlined in lecture.