William Turner and Ivan Aivazovsky

Transcription

1 Приложение 1. Проектная работа «У. Тёрнер и И. Айвазовский: время одно, а творчество?» Тян Виктория ученица 10 класса МБОУ гимназия 2 Учитель: Золотухина Л.А. William Turner and Ivan Aivazovsky In European art in the late 18 th and early 19 th centuries there appeared a group of artists who followed their feelings and emotions rather than logical thought or reason, and who preferred wild, natural beauty to things made by man. One of such artists was Joseph Mallord William Turner, a British painter, master of romantic landscape, watercolorist and printmaker, the forerunner of the French Impressionists William Turner was born in late April early may, 1775 in London's Covent Garden. The artist's father, William Turner, was a Barber, his mother was mentally ill. In childhood he was already interested in art. In December 1789 a 14-year-old Turner was enrolled in the Royal Academy. Lectures of his teacher Reynolds greatly influenced on Turner. Turner studied the old masters and contemporary artists. Copying other people's work, he creatively re-interpreted other people's images, expressing his own vision. He especially admired Claude Lorrain and his painting "Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba". Later Turner bequeathed his Dido building Carthage ", his consummate masterpiece, to the National gallery under the condition that it will be hanging next to the "Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba". In 1799 Turner, by that time a popular artist, was elected as a corresponding member of the Royal Academy. In 1802 Turner became the youngest artist, who was awarded the title of Royal academician. In 1807 Turner was appointed as a Professor of perspective at the Royal Academy.

2 Turner constantly perfected his technique, studied the relationship between architecture and Geology, nature of water and air movement. By the early 19th century in his watercolors he reaches the strength and expressiveness, which is typically for oil painting. He has created a new type of landscape through which the artist reveals his memories and experiences. In his paintings Turner introduced images of people in scenes of walks, picnics, field work. Carefully and lovingly portraying the man, the artist emphasized the imperfection of his nature, his impotence in front of a huge surrounding world sometimes calm, sometimes menacing, but always indifferent. In 1819 Turner visited Italy. He visited Turin, Milan, Rome, Venice, and Naples. He studied the works of Titian, Tintoretto, Raphael, modern Italian artists. After traveling to Italy his paintings became brighter, the palette became intense with a predominance of the primary colors. A special place in the artist s creative work took a Venetian theme. Turner visited this amazing city three times and these memories nourished his imagination for many years. A special popularity of Turner s works was due to the paintings, dedicated to the Napoleonic wars ("battle of Trafalgar", the "Field of Waterloo"). I like not only foreign painters, but also Russian ones. I managed to find some similarities in life and creativity of Turner and Russian romanticist Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky, a world famous Russian seascapist. Similarities: -Both artists belonged to the Romantic Movement. -Both painters discovered their talent at the early age (Turner at the age of 14, Aivazovsky at the age of 17). -Both artists graduated from the Academy of arts, and later taught there (Turner - The Royal Academy of Arts in London, Aivazovsky The Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg). At the

3 age of 27 they were awarded the title of academician. Academician is the title of membering at the Academy, it is elected by academicians only and belongs to the artist during all his life. -The main paints watercolours. -Both painters were born and raised on the sea coasts, that is why most of their paintings are seascapes. -Another distinctive feature is the accurate display of the air movement and the changing effect of natural light. -Both artists travelled a lot, mostly by sea. And during their trips they wrote some seascapes they saw. -People they represent are very small in relation to the powerful marine element. -They found inspiration in poems of their favourite poets. Turner even named some of his paintings by the quotations of Thompson and Milton, and Aivazovsky found his inspiration in works of Pushkin and Lermontov. Turner The Shipwreck Aivazovsky The Shipwreck Differences: -Turner wrote seascapes-disaster, which demonstrated the helplessness and despair of man to the powerful natural elements. Aivazovsky wrote battle paintings. His works are highly patriotic. He glorifies the skill of the people to victory over a blind strength of terrible, but beautiful elements. -The dominating colours in Turner s works are yellow and white. In Aivazovsky s ones the dominating colours are always different: firstly it was sepia, later blue, and at the end of his life grey.

4 -Turner had sceneries of close perspective. His painting always covers a few dozen miles, huge areas. Aivazovsky had a lot of works with close perspective. W. Turner- Buttermere Lake, with Part of Cromackwater, Cumberland. I. Aivazovsky - Rainbow These differences in the display of the sea by Aivazovsky and Turner tell us that the works of Aivazovsky are close to classicism, while the works of Turner are close to impressionism. Also I d like to tell you about one interesting fact: L. A. Wagner, connoisseur of art and writer, wrote in his Story of the artist Aivazovsky about the acquaintance of Turner and Aivazovsky. In 1842 at the age of 67 Turner visited Italy again, the country of sun, joy and fun. He went to Rome to find the inspiration he need in, and one day his attention was attracted by a great article, dedicated to young Russian artist Aivazovsky and his exhibition there. Turner decided to visit this popular exhibition. There he met his old friend, an old painter Kamuchinni. Kamuchinni told him about the outstanding Russian seascapist, but Turner didn t listen to him, as he was so amazed by Aivazovsky s works: he remembered how many years ago first came to Italy and saw the same quiet night sea and sky, the moon glowing track, silver mysterious deep waters of the Gulf, like in the picture of Aivazovsky. He was happy and scared for Aivazovsky: Aivazovsky saw this wonderful place with Turner s eyes! Sometime later he said: No one has depicted the surface of calm water so geniusly. I took a picture of the great artist as the reality itself. I would be happy, sir Kamuchinni to meet this brilliant young men. His friend offered

5 him to visit a local carnival, where Aivazovsky was going to be present. Unfortunately, Turner couldn t recognize the painter, as the carnival was costumed and all people wore masks. The next morning they came to Aivazovsky s home, but the painter s maid stopped them, saying that the young artist was working. Turner was surprised, as he thought that this young artist was a genius and did not have to spend much time working. So Turner and his friend left the house and asked the maid to pass a note to Aivazovsky. Aivazovsky, having received the note, was furious with his maid, because she hadn t allowed this brilliant world famous artist in the house. Eventually they met, and were inseparable for some days. They talked about art, life and childhood. The number of themes for conversation was uncountable. When Aivazovsky had to go to Paris, it was hard for them to leave each other. To sum up, I can say Aivazovsky and Turner had so much in common, not only in creative work, but also in their life and fate. So even artists considered each other very similar and were close friends. Used materials: Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia - Wagner, L., Grigorovich N. «A tale about the artist Aivazovsky»