Haptics in Military Applications. Lauri Immonen

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1 Haptics in Military Applications Lauri Immonen

2 What is this all about? Let's have a look at haptics in military applications Three categories of interest: o Medical applications o Communication o Combat Conclusions & discussion

3 Introduction Virtual reality training can have a positive effect in performance VR doesn't have to be entirely realistic Haptics enhance the feeling of immersion What kind of haptics are we talking about today? o VR haptics o Haptic signals

4 Medical applications Realistic training can be difficult o Animals o Cadavers o Dummies Ethical questions, lack of realism Haptic feedback is important o Simulations with haptics provide alternative training options

5 Communications Hand signals are a common way to communicate Hand signals are not always useful Could there be a way to reduce the load of soldies' visual channel? o Haptic signals Challenge for soldiers is to monitor visual and auditory channels and having enough environmental and situational awareness Security issues!

6 Combat Safety could be improved Other haptic issues considering combat situations?

7 Examples I will present a few examples of there areas of interest o Surgery simulation o Comparison of hand and haptic signals o Detectability of haptic signals o Tactile cue for firearms

8 A haptic-enabled simulator for cricothyroidotomy An operation, in which the patient's airways are blocked and a breathing method must be accomplished o In case of severe facial wounds; gunshot, explosion... o Gas injuries The users have 3D glasses and a Phantom haptic device Graphical user interface Patient model Key surgical skill steps o Steps, which require a specific action to be performed

9 A haptic-enabled simulator for cricothyroidotomy

10 A haptic-enabled simulator for cricothyroidotomy The skill steps: 1. Landmark identification 2. Making the incision 3. Incision enlargement 4. Intubation

11 A haptic-enabled simulator for cricothyroidotomy

12 A haptic-enabled simulator for cricothyroidotomy Results and thoughts: Comments have been favourable Haptic feedback is accurate System is promising What about a haptic glove? Realistic feedback is essential!

13 Comparison of army hand signals to tactile signals A study, in which soldiers' abilities to interpret and respond to tactile commands was evaluated Combat patrol simulation on an obstacle course Tactile and hand signals were given to soldiers Response times and accuracy of interpretation were recorded

14 Comparison of army hand signals to tactile signals Signals were hand and tactile Hand signals from front and behind Tactile display

15 Comparison of army hand signals to tactile signals The signals were: Attention o sequenced side-to-side activation of front tactors, creating a wave-like motion Halt o four tactors simultaneously actuated Rally o sequenced back-to-front activation of tactors, creating movement around each side of the body to converge in the front Move out o sequenced activation of all tactors, creating a circular motion around the body

16 Comparison of army hand signals to tactile signals The soldiers performed actions on the obstacle course o Patrolling o Crawling o Climbing o Firing They received signals while on the course Daytime, not so realistic environment

17 Comparison of army hand signals to tactile signals Results and thoughts: Tactile signals were intuitive and easy to understand Faster response and interpretation than of the hand signals Commands can be given at the same time for a group (no wave effect) What about a real situation with lots of interference? Security of the signals? Soldiers perhaps had extra focus on tactile (new and exciting thing) signals?

18 Detectability of haptic signals Another study about haptic signals! Detectability of vibrotactile patterns as combat assault moves were performed How different tactile displays affect to recognition of signals Do different tactile patterns have the same recognition rate Obstacle course Tactile display o Belt o Array

19 Detectability of haptic signals

20

21

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23 Detectability of haptic signals Results and thoughts: No difference between tactile displays Difference between different patterns was small Combat actions did have an effect to signal detection: o Crawling 63% detection o Tires 92% o Windows 88% Correct detection: o Crawling 51% o Tires 89% o Windows 77%

24 Detectability of haptic signals What about detection in poor conditions? Stress, exhaustion and fear in real situation? Not much margin for errors in real combat situations!

25 A tactile cue for firearms Not all inventions are expensive, difficult to implement or otherwise complicated

26 Thank you. Questions & comments!

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