Beau Lotto: Optical Illusions Show How We See
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1 Beau Lotto: Optical Illusions Show How We See What is the background of the presenter, what do they do? How does this talk relate to psychology? What topics does it address? Be specific. Describe in great detail the contents of the talk. Be sure to give at least 3 specific examples or things said from the talk. What did you learn from this Ted talk and how can it be applied to your everyday life?
2 Sensation a process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energy Perception a process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
3 Sensation Bottom-Up Processing analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain s integration of sensory information We use the features on the object itself to build a perception. Top-Down Processing information processing guided by higher-level mental processes as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
4 Perception The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
5 Figure Ground Relationship Our first perceptual decision is what is the image is the figure and what is the background. This is considered the most basic perceptual organization.
6 Perceptual Organization: Gestalt Visual Capture tendency for vision to dominate the other senses McGurk Effect - is a perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. The illusion occurs when the auditory component of one sound is paired with the visual component of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound. This best illustrates the concept of sensory interaction. Gestalt--an organized whole tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
7 PerceptualOrganization: Grouping Principles Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.
8 PerceptualOrganization: Grouping Principles Impossible doghouse
9 Perceptual Organization- Gestalt z Grouping Principles y proximity- group nearby figures together y similarity- group figures that are similar y continuity- perceive continuous patterns y closure- fill in gaps y connectedness- spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected
10 PerceptualOrganization- Grouping Principles
11 PerceptualOrganization: Closure Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.
12 Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception z Depth Perception y ability to see objects in three dimensions y allows us to judge distance z Binocular cues y retinal disparity x images from the two eyes differ x closer the object, the larger the disparity y convergence x neuromuscular cue x two eyes move inward for near objects
13 Binocular Cues We need both of our eyes to use these cues. Retinal Disparity (as an object comes closer to us, the differences in images between our eyes becomes greater. Convergence (as an object comes closer our eyes have to come together to keep focused on the object).
14 Perceptual Organization: Depth Perception Illusory Depth Explanation
15 Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception Visual Cliff
16 Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception Monocular Cues relative size smaller image is more distant interposition closer object blocks distant object relative clarity hazy object seen as more distant texture coarse --> close fine --> distant
17 Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception Monocular Cues (cont.) relative height higher objects seen as more distant relative motion closer objects seem to move faster linear perspective parallel lines converge with distance relative brightness closer objects appear brighter
18 Relative Size Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception
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20 Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception
21
22 Perceptual Organization- Depth Perception Perspective Techniques
23 Perceptual Organization
24 Ponzo Illusion
25 Perceptual Constancy Perceptual Constancy or Shape Constancy perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal image change color shape size
26 Perceptual Interpretation Perceptual Adaptation (vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field prism glasses Upside Down Glasses Perceptual Set a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
27 Perceptual Set: Schemas What you see in the center is influenced by perceptual set
28 Perceptual Set: Schemas Flying Saucers or Clouds?
29 Perceptual Organization: Muller-Lyer Illusion
30 Perceptual Organization- Brightness Contrast
31 Perceptual Illusions- Ames Room
32 Perceptual Illusions
33 Perceptual Organization- Size-Distance Relationship
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